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Liu J, Luo L, Xu Z, Yang X, Yu J, He K, Hong S. NOD1 mediated D. pteronyssinus-induced allergic airway inflammation through RIP2/NF-κB. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152394. [PMID: 37224660 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D. pteronyssinus) is the main cause of allergic airway inflammation. As the earliest intracytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors (PRR), NOD1 has been identified as key inflammatory mediator in NOD-like receptor (NLR) family. OBJECTIVE Our primary aim is to elucidate whether NOD1 and its downstream regulatory proteins mediate D. pteronyssinus-induced allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Mouse and cell models of D. pteronyssinus-induced allergic airway inflammation were established. NOD1 was inhibited in bronchial epithelium cells (BEAS-2B cells) and mice by cell transfection or application of inhibitor. The change of downstream regulatory proteins was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. The relative expression of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by ELISA. RESULTS The expression level of NOD1 and its downstream regulatory proteins increased in BEAS-2B cells and mice after treating with D. pteronyssinus extract, followed by the aggravation of inflammatory response. Moreover, inhibition of NOD1 decreased the inflammatory response, which also downregulated the expression of downstream regulatory proteins and inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS NOD1 involves in the development of D. pteronyssinus-induced allergic airway inflammation. Inhibition of NOD1 reduces D. pteronyssinus-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 101Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zuyu Xu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 101Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiucheng Yang
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 101Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinyan Yu
- Graduate School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 101Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kaiyue He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shanchao Hong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, No. 68 Zhongshan Road, Wuxi 214002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Uchida T, Nakagome K, Iemura H, Naito E, Miyauchi S, Uchida Y, Soma T, Nagata M. Clinical evaluation of rush immunotherapy using house dust mite allergen in Japanese asthmatics. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e32. [PMID: 34386408 PMCID: PMC8331263 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a specific treatment of administering clinically important allergens to patients who have allergic diseases. In Japan, the standardized house dust mite (HDM) allergen for subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) was approved in 2015, and we then introduced rush-immunotherapy (rush-IT) using the standardized HDM allergen for HDM-sensitive asthmatics. However, little data are available on the safety and effectiveness of rush-HDM-IT, especially for Japanese asthmatics. Objective The objective of this study was to examine the safety and clinical effectiveness of rush-IT using the standardized HDM for HDM-sensitive Japanese asthmatics. Methods Thirteen HDM-sensitive asthmatics who received rush-HDM-IT and 12 HDM-sensitive asthmatic controls were enrolled. To evaluate the safety, the number of systemic reaction (SR) events, including anaphylaxis, was assessed. To evaluate the effectiveness, changes in the treatment step, dose of inhaled corticosteroid, and asthma control after rush-HDM-IT and the subsequent maintenance SCIT were assessed. Changes in the HDM-induced production of type 2 cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also evaluated. Results Among the 12 patients who received rush-IT, 4 (30.7%) experienced a SR and 3 (23.1%) experienced anaphylaxis. However, the anaphylaxis was not severe (grade 3) in all cases, and they recovered in a short time. The treatment step of asthma was better and the dose of inhaled corticosteroid was lower in the rush-HDM-IT group than in the control group. The HDM-induced production of both interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly lower in the rush-HDM-IT group than in the control group. Conclusion Rush-HDM-IT can be performed relatively safely in Japanese asthmatics. Furthermore, rush-HDM-IT and the subsequent maintenance SCIT provided clinical improvement in asthma patients, and was accompanied by the suppression of HDM-specific Th2-mediated systemic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Iemura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Erika Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Miyauchi S, Nakagome K, Noguchi T, Kobayashi T, Ueda Y, Soma T, Nagata M. Japanese cedar pollen upregulates the effector functions of eosinophils. Asia Pac Allergy 2021; 11:e26. [PMID: 34386402 PMCID: PMC8331255 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2021.11.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Symptoms of rhinitis and asthma can be exacerbated during Japanese cedar pollen (JCP)-scattering season, even in subjects who are not sensitized to JCP, suggesting that innate immune responses may contribute to this process. We previously reported that house dust mite directly activates the effector functions of eosinophils. Similar mechanisms may play roles in the JCP-related aggravation of allergic diseases. Objective To investigate whether JCP or Cry j 1, a major allergen of JCP, can modify the effector functions of eosinophils. Methods Eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors were stimulated with either JCP or Cry j 1, and their adhesion to human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was measured using eosinophil peroxidase assays. The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2−) was measured based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Concentrations of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in the cell media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a marker of degranulation. Results Both JCP and Cry j 1 directly induced eosinophil adhesiveness, generation of O2−, and release of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin. Both anti-αM and anti-β2 integrin antibodies blocked all of these eosinophil functions induced by JCP and Cry j 1. Similarly, PAR-2 antagonists also partially suppressed all of these effector functions induced by JCP and Cry j 1. Conclusion JCP and Cry j 1 directly activate the functions of eosinophils, and both αMβ2 integrin and partly PAR-2 are contributed to this activation. Therefore, JCP-induced eosinophil activation may play a role in the aggravation of allergic airway diseases in nonsensitized patients as well as in JCP-sensitized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Ueda
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Ueda Y, Nakagome K, Kobayashi T, Noguchi T, Soma T, Ohashi-Doi K, Tokuyama K, Nagata M. Effects of β2-adrenergic agonists on house dust mite-induced adhesion, superoxide anion generation, and degranulation of human eosinophils. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e15. [PMID: 32411580 PMCID: PMC7203437 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even in subjects who are not sensitized to house dust mite (HDM), allergic symptoms can be clinically aggravated by exposure to dust. We previously reported that Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), an important HDM, or Der f 1, a major allergen of Df, induced the effector functions of eosinophils, which may be an important mechanism for HDM-induced symptoms in nonsensitized patients. In a clinical setting, β2-adrenergic agonists, such as salbutamol and formoterol, are used for the treatment of asthma attacks or exacerbation to release the airway obstruction. Several reports have suggested that some β2-adrenergic agonists have an anti-inflammatory capacity. Objective In this study, we investigated whether β2-adrenergic agonist could modify the Df- or Der f 1-induced activation of eosinophils. Methods Blood eosinophils obtained from healthy donors were preincubated with either formoterol (1 μM), salbutamol (1 μM), or buffer control and then stimulated with Df extract (1 μg/mL) or Der f 1 (100 pg/mL). Eosinophil adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 was measured using eosinophil peroxidase assays. Generation of superoxide anion (O2 -) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) concentrations in cell media were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Formoterol, but not salbutamol, suppressed the Df- or Der f 1-induced eosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1. Furthermore, formoterol, but not salbutamol, suppressed Df-induced O2 - generation or EDN release. Neither formoterol nor salbutamol suppressed spontaneous eosinophil adhesion, O2 - generation, or EDN release. Conclusion These findings suggested that formoterol, but not salbutamol, suppressed Df- or Der f 1-induced eosinophil activation when used at the same concentration. Therefore, formoterol could potentially be used for the treatment of bronchial asthma via both bronchodilation and anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takehito Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Tokuyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Nagata M, Nakagome K, Soma T. Mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation. Asia Pac Allergy 2020; 10:e14. [PMID: 32411579 PMCID: PMC7203432 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2020.10.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In order to accumulate within sites of inflammation, eosinophils must adhere to, and migrate across the microvasculature. These processes are largely controlled by type 2-immune responses; interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 induce the expression of endothelial adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), a representative adhesive ligand for eosinophils, while also stimulating generations of CC chemokines from structural cells, including epithelial cells. VCAM-1 and CC chemokines synergistically induce transmigration of eosinophils to the tissue inflammation site. Another type 2 cytokine, IL-5, prolongs survival, and enhances the effector functions of eosinophils. Recently, accumulating evidence has established that corticosteroid-resistant group 2 innate lymphoid cells are cellular sources for IL-5. Another immunological mechanism that may be contributing to eosinophilic inflammation involves type 1 immune system-associated molecules such as interferons and IP-10. In addition to these immune pathways, lipid mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotrienes, directly provoke the infiltration and activation of eosinophils. Extracellular matrix proteins including periostin also induce the adhesion and activation of eosinophils. Finally, activated neutrophils can also induce eosinophil transmigration. In summary, various mechanisms are involved within eosinophilic inflammation, and effective therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nagata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakagome
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Soma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
- Allergy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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Verschoor D, von Gunten S. Allergy and Atopic Diseases: An Update on Experimental Evidence. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2019; 180:235-243. [PMID: 31694044 DOI: 10.1159/000504439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, an increasing appearance of allergies and atopic disorders, such as asthma, dermatitis, and rhinitis, has been observed. The mechanisms of these disorders remain unclear, and therefore the development of novel therapies is limited. Current treatments are often symptomatic, nonspecific, or may have severe side effects. Further insights into the mechanisms of the underlying disease pathogenesis could reveal novel targets for treatment. In this review, we provide an update on recent basic and translational studies that offer novel insights and opportunities for the treatment of patients with atopic disorders.
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