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Wu BA, Chand KK, Bell A, Miller SL, Colditz PB, Malhotra A, Wixey JA. Effects of fetal growth restriction on the perinatal neurovascular unit and possible treatment targets. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:59-69. [PMID: 37674023 PMCID: PMC10798895 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02805-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) within the brain is a multicellular unit that synergistically acts to maintain blood-brain barrier function and meet cerebral metabolic demand. Recent studies have indicated disruption to the NVU is associated with neuropathology in the perinatal brain. Infants with fetal growth restriction (FGR) are known to be at increased risk of neurodevelopmental conditions including motor, learning, and behavioural deficits. There are currently no neuroprotective treatments for these conditions. In this review, we analyse large animal studies examining the effects of FGR on the perinatal NVU. These studies show altered vascularity in the FGR brain as well as blood-brain barrier dysfunction due to underlying cellular changes, mediated by neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is a key mechanism associated with pathological effects in the FGR brain. Hence, targeting inflammation may be key to preserving the multicellular NVU and providing neuroprotection in FGR. A number of maternal and postnatal therapies with anti-inflammatory components have been investigated in FGR animal models examining targets for amelioration of NVU disruption. Each therapy showed promise by uniquely ameliorating the adverse effects of FGR on multiple aspects of the NVU. The successful implementation of a clinically viable neuroprotective treatment has the potential to improve outcomes for neonates affected by FGR. IMPACT: Disruption to the neurovascular unit is associated with neuropathology in fetal growth restriction. Inflammation is a key mechanism associated with neurovascular unit disruption in the growth-restricted brain. Anti-inflammatory treatments ameliorate adverse effects on the neurovascular unit and may provide neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Anthony Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirat K Chand
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander Bell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suzanne L Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul B Colditz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Perinatal Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A Wixey
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Gaston-Breton R, Maïza Letrou A, Hamoudi R, Stonestreet BS, Mabondzo A. Brain organoids for hypoxic-ischemic studies: from bench to bedside. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:318. [PMID: 37804439 PMCID: PMC10560197 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Our current knowledge regarding the development of the human brain mostly derives from experimental studies on non-human primates, sheep, and rodents. However, these studies may not completely simulate all the features of human brain development as a result of species differences and variations in pre- and postnatal brain maturation. Therefore, it is important to supplement the in vivo animal models to increase the possibility that preclinical studies have appropriate relevance for potential future human trials. Three-dimensional brain organoid culture technology could complement in vivo animal studies to enhance the translatability of the preclinical animal studies and the understanding of brain-related disorders. In this review, we focus on the development of a model of hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury using human brain organoids to complement the translation from animal experiments to human pathophysiology. We also discuss how the development of these tools provides potential opportunities to study fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology of HI-related brain injury including differences in the responses between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Gaston-Breton
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Auriane Maïza Letrou
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P. O. 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Departments of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry and Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI, 02905, USA
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Unité Neurovasculaire & Innovation Thérapeutique, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.
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3
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Htun Y, Nakamura S, Nakao Y, Mitsuie T, Ohta K, Arioka M, Yokota T, Inoue E, Inoue K, Tsuchiya T, Koyano K, Konishi Y, Miki T, Ueno M, Kusaka T. Conflicting findings on the effectiveness of hydrogen therapy for ameliorating vascular leakage in a 5-day post hypoxic-ischemic survival piglet model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10486. [PMID: 37380745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns in both high- and low-income countries. The important determinants of its pathophysiology are neural cells and vascular components. In neonatal HIE, increased vascular permeability due to damage to the blood-brain barrier is associated with seizures and poor outcomes in both translational and clinical studies. In our previous studies, hydrogen gas (H2) improved the neurological outcome of HIE and ameliorated the cell death. In this study, we used albumin immunohistochemistry to assess if H2 inhalation effectively reduced the cerebral vascular leakage. Of 33 piglets subjected to a hypoxic-ischemic insult, 26 piglets were ultimately analyzed. After the insult, the piglets were grouped into normothermia (NT), H2 ventilation (H2), therapeutic hypothermia (TH), and H2 combined with TH (H2-TH) groups. The ratio of albumin stained to unstained areas was analyzed and found to be lower in the H2 group than in the other groups, although the difference was not statistically significant. In this study, H2 therapy did not significantly improve albumin leakage despite the histological images suggesting signs of improvement. Further investigations are warranted to study the efficacy of H2 gas for vascular leakage in neonatal HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinmon Htun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shinji Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nakao
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Mitsuie
- Medical Engineering Equipment Management Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohta
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Makoto Arioka
- Maternal and Perinatal Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yokota
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Eri Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kota Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toi Tsuchiya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kosuke Koyano
- Maternal and Perinatal Center, Kagawa University Hospital, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Konishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takanori Miki
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaki Ueno
- Department of Pathology and Host Defense, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Mikicho, Kitagun, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Paz AA, González-Candia A. Potential pharmacological target of tight junctions to improve the BBB permeability in neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic encephalopathy Diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115356. [PMID: 36455671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a pathological condition that describes a neurocognitive malfunction in the newborn that arises from fetal, peripartum, or intrapartum events of multifactorial nature, having a poor prognosis and accounting for an incidence of 5-8 per 1000 live births. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is one of the most studied paradigms of NE, caused by a scarce cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply during perinatal life. The cerebral hypoxic-ischemic insult promotes a loss of permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an essential structural intermediary of blood-brain communication. This permeability disruption is associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines, an increase of adhesion molecules, and oxidative stress which disturb the tight junction (TJ) performance and enable transcytosis and paracellular leakage, ultimately leading to death from brain cells. In this context, TJs proteins are essential to preserving the barrier mechanical stability and signaling that modulates the brain-blood vessel multicellular domains, known as neurovascular units (NVU). Recent studies have proposed different strategies with neuroprotective effects that allow for maintaining or restoring the integrity and permeability of the BBB. This review identifies and discusses regulator mechanisms and novel aspects of TJs in the BBB disruption induced by cerebral hypoxic insults during the perinatal period, evaluating potential pharmacological strategies to safeguard BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo A Paz
- Institute of Health Sciences, University O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
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5
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Neurovascular Unit Alterations in the Growth-Restricted Newborn Are Improved Following Ibuprofen Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1018-1040. [PMID: 34825315 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The developing brain is particularly vulnerable to foetal growth restriction (FGR) and abnormal neurodevelopment is common in the FGR infant ranging from behavioural and learning disorders to cerebral palsy. No treatment exists to protect the FGR newborn brain. Recent evidence suggests inflammation may play a key role in the mechanism responsible for the progression of brain impairment in the FGR newborn, including disruption to the neurovascular unit (NVU). We explored whether ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory drug, could reduce NVU disruption and brain impairment in the FGR newborn. Using a preclinical FGR piglet model, ibuprofen was orally administered for 3 days from birth. FGR brains demonstrated a proinflammatory state, with changes to glial morphology (astrocytes and microglia), and blood-brain barrier disruption, assessed by IgG and albumin leakage into the brain parenchyma and a decrease in blood vessel density. Loss of interaction between astrocytic end-feet and blood vessels was evident where plasma protein leakage was present, suggestive of structural deficits to the NVU. T-cell infiltration was also evident in the parenchyma of FGR piglet brains. Ibuprofen treatment reduced the pro-inflammatory response in FGR piglets, reducing the number of activated microglia and enhancing astrocyte interaction with blood vessels. Ibuprofen also attenuated plasma protein leakage, regained astrocytic end-feet interaction around vessels, and decreased T-cell infiltration into the FGR brain. These findings suggest postnatal administration of ibuprofen modulates the inflammatory state, allowing for stronger interaction between vasculature and astrocytic end-feet to restore NVU integrity. Modulation of the NVU improves the FGR brain microenvironment and may be key to neuroprotection.
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Bryant JD, Kodali M, Shuai B, Menissy SS, Graves PJ, Phan TT, Dantzer R, Shetty AK, Ciaccia West L, West AP. Neuroimmune mechanisms of cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Gulf War illness. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:204-218. [PMID: 34333111 PMCID: PMC8453129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptom disorder affecting approximately 30 percent of the nearly 700,000 Veterans of the 1991 Persian Gulf War. GWI-related chemical (GWIC) exposure promotes immune activation that correlates with cognitive impairment and other symptoms of GWI. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways linking GWIC to inflammation and neurological symptoms remain unclear. Here we show that acute exposure of murine macrophages to GWIC potentiates innate immune signaling and inflammatory cytokine production. Using an established mouse model of GWI, we report that neurobehavioral changes and neuroinflammation are attenuated in mice lacking the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) and NOD-, LRR- or pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) innate immune pathways. In addition, we report sex differences in response to GWIC, with female mice showing more pronounced cognitive impairment and hippocampal astrocyte hypertrophy. In contrast, male mice display a GWIC-dependent upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma that is not present in female mice. Our results indicate that STING and NLRP3 are key mediators of the cognitive impairment and inflammation observed in GWI and provide important new information on sex differences in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bryant
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Maheedhar Kodali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bing Shuai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Saeed S. Menissy
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Paige J. Graves
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Thien Trong Phan
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashok K. Shetty
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Laura Ciaccia West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA.
| | - A. Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA,Corresponding authors. (L. Ciaccia West), (A.P. West)
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7
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Shen G, Hu S, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ma Q. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Ameliorates Vascular Injury and Improves Neurological Outcomes in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168966. [PMID: 34445671 PMCID: PMC8396645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an important vascular regulator that is present in the brain. Our previous study demonstrated the innate neuroprotectant role of CNP in the neonatal brain after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insults. In this study, we further explored the role of CNP in cerebrovascular pathology using both in vivo and in vitro models. In a neonatal mouse HI brain injury model, we found that intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant CNP dose-dependently reduces brain infarct size. CNP significantly decreases brain edema and immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation into the brain tissue, suggesting a vasculoprotective effect of CNP. Moreover, in primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), CNP dose-dependently protects BMEC survival and monolayer integrity against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The vasculoprotective effect of CNP is mediated by its innate receptors NPR2 and NPR3, in that inhibition of either NPR2 or NPR3 counteracts the protective effect of CNP on IgG leakage after HI insult and BMEC survival under OGD. Of importance, CNP significantly ameliorates brain atrophy and improves neurological deficits after HI insults. Altogether, the present study indicates that recombinant CNP exerts vascular protection in neonatal HI brain injury via its innate receptors, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of neonatal HI brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Shen
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shirley Hu
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Regeneration, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qingyi Ma
- The Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (G.S.); (S.H.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-558-4325; Fax: +1-909-558-4029
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Costine-Bartell B, Price G, Shen J, McGuone D, Staley K, Duhaime AC. A perfect storm: The distribution of tissue damage depends on seizure duration, hemorrhage, and developmental stage in a gyrencephalic, multi-factorial, severe traumatic brain injury model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105334. [PMID: 33753291 PMCID: PMC8135256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of extensive cortical tissue destruction observed in hemispheric hypodensity, a severe type of brain injury observed in young children, is unknown. Here, we utilize our unique, large animal model of hemispheric hypodensity with multifactorial injuries and insults to understand the pathophysiology of this severe type of traumatic brain injury, testing the effect of different stages of development. Piglets developmentally similar to human infants (1 week old, “infants”) and toddlers (1 month old, “toddlers”) underwent injuries and insults scaled to brain volume: cortical impact, creation of mass effect, placement of a subdural hematoma, seizure induction, apnea, and hypoventilation or a sham injury while anesthetized with a seizure-permissive regimen. Piglets receiving model injuries required overnight intensive care. Hemispheres were evaluated for damage via histopathology. The pattern of damage was related to seizure duration and hemorrhage pattern in “toddlers” resulting in a unilateral hemispheric pattern of damage ipsilateral to the injuries with sparing of the deep brain regions and the contralateral hemisphere. While “infants” had the equivalent duration of seizures as “toddlers”, damage was less than “toddlers”, not correlated to seizure duration, and was bilateral and patchy as is often observed in human infants. Subdural hemorrhage was associate with adjacent focal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The percentage of the hemisphere covered with subarachnoid hemorrhage was positively correlated with damage in both developmental stages. In “infants”, hemorrhage over the cortex was associated with damage to the cortex with sparing of the deep gray matter regions; without hemorrhage, damage was directed to the hippocampus and the cortex was spared. “Infants” had lower neurologic scores than “toddlers”. This multifactorial model of severe brain injury caused unilateral, wide-spread destruction of the cortex in piglets developmentally similar to toddlers where both seizure duration and hemorrhage covering the brain were positively correlated to tissue destruction. Inherent developmental differences may affect how the brain responds to seizure, and thus, affects the extent and pattern of damage. Study into specifically how the “infant” brain is resistant to the effects of seizure is currently underway and may identify potential therapeutic targets that may reduce evolution of tissue damage after severe traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Costine-Bartell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - George Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - John Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Declan McGuone
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Kevin Staley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann-Christine Duhaime
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Chen X, Song D, Nakada S, Qiu J, Iwamoto K, Chen RH, Lim YP, Jusko WJ, Stonestreet BS. Pharmacokinetics of Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins and Effects on Hemostasis After Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in Neonatal Rats. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3997-4006. [PMID: 32316887 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200421123242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury is a leading cause of long-term neurodevelopmental morbidities in neonates. Human plasma-derived Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins (hIAIPs) are neuroprotective after HI brain injury in neonatal rats. The light chain (bikunin) of hIAIPs inhibits proteases involved in the coagulation of blood. Newborns exposed to HI can be at risk for significant bleeding in the brain and other organs. OBJECTIVE The objectives of the present study were to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK) and the duration of bleeding after intraperitoneal (IP) administration of hIAIPs in HI-exposed male and female neonatal rats. METHODS HI was induced with the Rice-Vannucci method in postnatal (P) day-7 rats. After the right common carotid artery ligation, rats were exposed to 90 min of 8% oxygen. hIAIPs (30 mg/kg, IP) were given immediately after Sham or HI exposure in the PK study and serum was collected 1, 6, 12, 24, or 36 h after the injections. Serum hIAIP concentrations were measured with a competitive ELISA. ADAPT5 software was used to fit the pooled PK data considering first-order absorption and disposition. hIAIPs (60 mg/kg, IP) were given in the bleeding time studies at 0, 24 and 48 h after HI with tail bleeding times measured 72 h after HI. RESULTS IP administration yielded significant systemic exposure to hIAIPs with PK being affected markedly including primarily faster absorption and reduced elimination as a result of HI and modestly of sex-related differences. hIAIP administration did not affect bleeding times after HI. CONCLUSION These results will help to inform hIAIP dosing regimen schedules in studies of neuroprotection in neonates exposed to HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dawei Song
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sakura Nakada
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Joseph Qiu
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI, United States
| | - Karin Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Ray H Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Yow-Pin Lim
- ProThera Biologics, Inc., Providence, RI, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Barbara S Stonestreet
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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10
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Castañeda-Cabral JL, Colunga-Durán A, Ureña-Guerrero ME, Beas-Zárate C, Nuñez-Lumbreras MDLA, Orozco-Suárez S, Alonso-Vanegas M, Guevara-Guzmán R, Deli MA, Valle-Dorado MG, Sánchez-Valle V, Rocha L. Expression of VEGF- and tight junction-related proteins in the neocortical microvasculature of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104059. [PMID: 32798551 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains the optimal microenvironment for brain function. Tight junctions (TJs) allow endothelial cells to adhere to each other, leading to the formation of a barrier that prevents the penetration of most molecules via transcellular routes. Evidence has indicated that seizure-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) type 2 receptor (VEGFR-2) pathway activation weakens TJs, inducing vasodilatation and increasing vascular permeability and subsequent brain injury. The present study focused on investigating the expression levels of VEGF-related (VEGF-A and VEGFR-2) and TJ-related proteins (claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1) in the neocortical microvasculature of patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The results obtained from hippocampal sclerosis TLE (HS-TLE) patients were compared with those obtained from patients with TLE secondary to lesions (lesion-TLE) and autopsy samples. The Western blotting and immunofluorescence results showed that VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 protein expression levels were increased in HS-TLE and lesion-TLE patients compared to autopsy group. On the other hand, claudin-5 expression was higher in HS-TLE patients and lesion-TLE patients than autopsies. The expression level of occludin and ZO-1 was decreased in HS-TLE patients. Our study described modifications to the integrity of the BBB that may contribute to the pathogenesis of TLE, in which the VEGF system may play an important role. We demonstrated that the same modifications were present in both HS-TLE and lesion-TLE patients, which suggests that seizures modify these systems and that they are not associated with the establishment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Castañeda-Cabral
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico.
| | - Adacrid Colunga-Durán
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mónica E Ureña-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Carlos Beas-Zárate
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA), Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Maria de Los Angeles Nuñez-Lumbreras
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Alonso-Vanegas
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez" (INNNMVS), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Maria A Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - María Guadalupe Valle-Dorado
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Luisa Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav) Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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