1
|
Li K, Nie H, Jin R, Wu X. Mesenchymal stem cells-macrophages crosstalk and myeloid malignancy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1397005. [PMID: 38779660 PMCID: PMC11109455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1397005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As major components of the tumor microenvironment, both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and macrophages can be remodelled and exhibit different phenotypes and functions during tumor initiation and progression. In recent years, increasing evidence has shown that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a crucial role in the growth, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance of hematological malignancies, and are associated with poor prognosis. Consequently, TAMs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. Notably, MSCs exert a profound influence on modulating immune cell functions such as macrophages and granulocytes, thereby playing a crucial role in shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment surrounding tumors. However, in hematological malignancies, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between MSCs and macrophages have not been clearly elucidated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of TAMs in various common hematological malignancies, and discuss the latest advances in understanding the interaction between MSCs and macrophages in disease progression. Additionally, potential therapeutic approaches targeting this relationship are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyan Nie
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Runming Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Poveda-Garavito N, Combita AL. Contribution of the TIME in BCP-ALL: the basis for novel approaches therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325255. [PMID: 38299154 PMCID: PMC10827891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment where both immune and non-immune cells functionally interact with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and more differentiated progenitors, contributing to the regulation of hematopoiesis. It is regulated by various signaling molecules such as cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in its microenvironment. However, despite the strict regulation of BM signals to maintain their steady state, accumulating evidence in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) indicates that leukemic cells can disrupt the physiological hematopoietic niche in the BM, creating a new leukemia-supportive microenvironment. This environment favors immunological evasion mechanisms and the interaction of these cells with the development and progression of BCP-ALL. With a growing understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) in the development and progression of BCP-ALL, current strategies focused on "re-editing" TIME to promote antitumor immunity have been developed. In this review, we summarize how TIME cells are disrupted by the presence of leukemic cells, evading immunosurveillance mechanisms in the BCP-ALL model. We also explore the crosstalk between TIME and leukemic cells that leads to treatment resistance, along with the most promising immuno-therapy strategies. Understanding and further research into the role of the BM microenvironment in leukemia progression and relapse are crucial for developing more effective treatments and reducing patient mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Poveda-Garavito
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba Lucía Combita
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación Traslacional en Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Lu W, Sun R, Guo R, Cao X, Liu X, Lyu C, Zhao M. The diagnostic/prognostic roles and biological function of the IFIT family members in acute myeloid leukemia. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:296. [PMID: 37980495 PMCID: PMC10657597 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeat (IFIT) family, IFIT1/2/3/5, play an important role in different tumors progression. However, the prognosis significance and biological role of IFIT family members in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains unclear. METHODS We obtained the gene expression data and clinical information of 173 AML patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Several databases were used in our study, including GEPIA, MethSurv, STRING, GSCA and GeneMANIA database. RESULTS The mRNA expression of IFIT1/2/3/5 was elevated in AML patients and had a high ability to distinguish AML from controls based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC > 0.9). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that higher levels of IFIT2/3/5 expression predict poor prognosis in AML patients. Besides, the DNA methylation analysis suggested that 7 CpG sites of IFIT2, 4 CpG sites of IFIT3 and 10 CpG sites of IFIT5 were significantly associated with the prognosis of AML patients. In addition, IFIT2/3/5 expression was significantly positively associated with the immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression, such as CTLA4, PDCD1, LAG3, and TIGIT. Finally, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that AML patients with high expression of IFIT2/3/5 were resistant to multiple drugs, but sensitive to dasatinib. CONCLUSION IFIT family genes might serve as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and drug sensitivity in AML patients. The activation or blocking of IFIT-related signaling pathways may provide novel insights into immunotherapy for patients with AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YiFan Zhao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - WenYi Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - RuiTing Guo
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - XinPing Cao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - MingFeng Zhao
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tian C, Li Y, Si J, Kang J, Chen Z, Nuermaimaiti R, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhao Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Yang H, You MJ, Zheng G, Wang L. Knockdown of let-7b in leukemia associated macrophages inhibit acute myeloid leukemia progression. Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:510-519. [PMID: 36579468 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, critical components of bone marrow microenvironment, are reported to be remodeled into leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs) in leukemic microenvironment where they contribute to leukemia development, characterized as M2 macrophages with pro-tumor effects. However, how leukemic microenvironment transforms macrophages into LAMs remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the clinical relevance of LAMs and profiled their RNA-Seq from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with complete remission (CR) after induction treatment and refractory AML patients. Our results showed that the proportion and number of LAMs in refractory AML patients was higher than that in CR patients and LAM was a poor prognostic factor of AML patients. Furthermore, let-7b was a potentially aberrant gene in LAMs contributed to M2-subtype characteristics. Knockdown of let-7b in LAMs could inhibit the development of AML by repolarizing LAMs toward M1-subtype characteristics through the activation of Toll-like receptor and NF-κB pathway. Our study provides insight for future LAM-based immunotherapy strategies for AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Hotan District People's Hospital, Hotan, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junqi Si
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Junnan Kang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehui Chen
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yafei Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Haifeng Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongliang Yang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingjian James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mu X, Chen C, Dong L, Kang Z, Sun Z, Chen X, Zheng J, Zhang Y. Immunotherapy in leukaemia. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:974-987. [PMID: 37272727 PMCID: PMC10326417 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukaemia is the common name for a group of malignant diseases of the haematopoietic system with complex classifications and characteristics. Remarkable progress has been made in basic research and preclinical studies for acute leukaemia compared to that of the many other types/subtypes of leukaemia, especially the exploration of the biological basis and application of immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL). In this review, we summarize the basic approaches to immunotherapy for leukaemia and focus on the research progress made in immunotherapy development for AML and ALL. Importantly, despite the advances made to date, big challenges still exist in the effectiveness of leukaemia immunotherapy, especially in AML. Therefore, we use AML as an example and summarize the mechanisms of tumour cell immune evasion, describe recently reported data and known therapeutic targets, and discuss the obstacles in finding suitable treatment targets and the results obtained in recent clinical trials for several types of single and combination immunotherapies, such as bispecific antibodies, cell therapies (CAR-T-cell treatment), and checkpoint blockade. Finally, we summarize novel immunotherapy strategies for treating lymphocytic leukaemia and clinical trial results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Mu
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Chumao Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Loujie Dong
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhaowei Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Zhixian Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Xijie Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of MedicineShanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic MedicineKey Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200025China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu M, Zhang S, Chi C, Zhu H, Ma H, Liu L, Shi Q, Li D, Ju X. 1,5-AG suppresses pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages and promotes the survival of B-ALL in vitro by upregulating CXCL14. Mol Immunol 2023; 158:91-102. [PMID: 37178520 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is one of the most common malignancies in children. Despite advances in treatment, the role of the tumor microenvironment in B-ALL remains poorly understood. Among the key components of the immune microenvironment, macrophages play a critical role in the progression of the disease. However, recent research has suggested that abnormal metabolites may influence the function of macrophages, altering the immune microenvironment and promoting tumor growth. Our previous non-targeted metabolomic detection revealed that the metabolite 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) level in the peripheral blood of children newly diagnosed with B-ALL was significantly elevated. Except for its direct influence on leukemia cells, the effect of 1,5-AG on macrophages is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated new potential therapeutic targets by focusing on the effect of 1,5-AG on macrophages. We used polarization-induced macrophages to determine how 1,5-AG acted on M1-like polarization and screened out the target gene CXCL14 via transcriptome sequencing. Furthermore, we constructed CXCL14 knocked-down macrophages and a macrophage-leukemia cell coculture model to validate the interaction between macrophages and leukemia cells. We discovered that 1,5-AG upregulated the CXCL14 expression, thereby inhibiting M1-like polarization. CXCL14 knockdown restored the M1-like polarization of macrophages and induced leukemia cells apoptosis in the coculture model. Our findings offer new possibilities for the genetic engineering of human macrophages to rehabilitate their immune activity against B-ALL in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shule Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huasu Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huixian Ma
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Linghong Liu
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dong Li
- Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiuli Ju
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Cryomedicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brady RV, Thamm DH. Tumor-associated macrophages: Prognostic and therapeutic targets for cancer in humans and dogs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176807. [PMID: 37090720 PMCID: PMC10113558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are ancient, phagocytic immune cells thought to have their origins 500 million years ago in metazoan phylogeny. The understanding of macrophages has evolved to encompass their foundational roles in development, homeostasis, tissue repair, inflammation, and immunity. Notably, macrophages display high plasticity in response to environmental cues, capable of a strikingly wide variety of dynamic gene signatures and phenotypes. Macrophages are also involved in many pathological states including neural disease, asthma, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, and others. In cancer, most tumor-associated immune cells are macrophages, coined tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). While some TAMs can display anti-tumor properties such as phagocytizing tumor cells and orchestrating an immune response, most macrophages in the tumor microenvironment are immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic. Macrophages have been implicated in all stages of cancer. Therefore, interest in manipulating macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer developed as early as the 1970s. Companion dogs are a strong comparative immuno-oncology model for people due to documented similarities in the immune system and spontaneous cancers between the species. Data from clinical trials in humans and dogs can be leveraged to further scientific advancements that benefit both species. This review aims to provide a summary of the current state of knowledge on macrophages in general, and an in-depth review of macrophages as a therapeutic strategy against cancer in humans and companion dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V. Brady
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Douglas H. Thamm
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Present and Future Role of Immune Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010253. [PMID: 36612249 PMCID: PMC9818182 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well known that the bone marrow (BM) cell niche contributes to leukemogenesis, but emerging data support the role of the complex crosstalk between AML cells and the BM microenvironment to induce a permissive immune setting that protects leukemic stem cells (LSCs) from therapy-induced death, thus favoring disease persistence and eventual relapse. The identification of potential immune targets on AML cells and the modulation of the BM environment could lead to enhanced anti-leukemic effects of drugs, immune system reactivation, and the restoration of AML surveillance. Potential targets and effectors of this immune-based therapy could be monoclonal antibodies directed against LSC antigens such as CD33, CD123, and CLL-1 (either as direct targets or via several bispecific T-cell engagers), immune checkpoint inhibitors acting on different co-inhibitory axes (alone or in combination with conventional AML drugs), and novel cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells designed against AML-specific antigens. Though dozens of clinical trials, mostly in phases I and II, are ongoing worldwide, results have still been negatively affected by difficulties in the identification of the optimal targets on LSCs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Brauneck F, Fischer B, Witt M, Muschhammer J, Oelrich J, da Costa Avelar PH, Tsoka S, Bullinger L, Seubert E, Smit DJ, Bokemeyer C, Ackermann C, Wellbrock J, Haag F, Fiedler W. TIGIT blockade repolarizes AML-associated TIGIT + M2 macrophages to an M1 phenotype and increases CD47-mediated phagocytosis. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004794. [PMID: 36549780 PMCID: PMC9791419 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia-associated macrophages (LAMs) represent an important cell population within the tumor microenvironment, but little is known about the phenotype, function, and plasticity of these cells. The present study provides an extensive characterization of macrophages in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS The phenotype and expression of coregulatory markers were assessed on bone marrow (BM)-derived LAM populations, using multiparametric flow cytometry. BM and blood aspirates were obtained from patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (pAML, n=59), patients in long-term remission (lrAML, n=8), patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (rAML, n=7) and monocyte-derived macrophages of the blood from healthy donors (HD, n=17). LAM subpopulations were correlated with clinical parameters. Using a blocking anti-T-cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) antibody or mouse IgG2α isotype control, we investigated polarization, secretion of cytokines, and phagocytosis on LAMs and healthy monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. RESULTS In pAML and rAML, M1 LAMs were reduced and the predominant macrophage population consisted of immunosuppressive M2 LAMs defined by expression of CD163, CD204, CD206, and CD86. M2 LAMs in active AML highly expressed inhibitory receptors such as TIGIT, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 protein (TIM-3), and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3). High expression of CD163 was associated with a poor overall survival (OS). In addition, increased frequencies of TIGIT+ M2 LAMs were associated with an intermediate or adverse risk according to the European Leukemia Network criteria and the FLT3 ITD mutation. In vitro blockade of TIGIT shifted the polarization of primary LAMs or peripheral blood-derived M2 macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and increased secretion of M1-associated cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, the blockade of TIGIT augmented the anti-CD47-mediated phagocytosis of AML cell lines and primary AML cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that immunosuppressive TIGIT+ M2 LAMs can be redirected into an efficient effector population that may be of direct clinical relevance in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Brauneck
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brit Fischer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marius Witt
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennyfer Oelrich
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sophia Tsoka
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Seubert
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christin Ackermann
- Infectious Diseases Unit, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Magalhães-Gama F, Alves-Hanna FS, Araújo ND, Barros MS, Silva FS, Catão CLS, Moraes JS, Freitas IC, Tarragô AM, Malheiro A, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Costa AG. The Yin-Yang of myeloid cells in the leukemic microenvironment: Immunological role and clinical implications. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1071188. [PMID: 36532078 PMCID: PMC9751477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1071188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukemic microenvironment has a high diversity of immune cells that are phenotypically and functionally distinct. However, our understanding of the biology, immunology, and clinical implications underlying these cells remains poorly investigated. Among the resident immune cells that can infiltrate the leukemic microenvironment are myeloid cells, which correspond to a heterogeneous cell group of the innate immune system. They encompass populations of neutrophils, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). These cells can be abundant in different tissues and, in the leukemic microenvironment, are associated with the clinical outcome of the patient, acting dichotomously to contribute to leukemic progression or stimulate antitumor immune responses. In this review, we detail the current evidence and the many mechanisms that indicate that the activation of different myeloid cell populations may contribute to immunosuppression, survival, or metastatic dissemination, as well as in immunosurveillance and stimulation of specific cytotoxic responses. Furthermore, we broadly discuss the interactions of tumor-associated neutrophils and macrophages (TANs and TAMs, respectively) and MDSCs in the leukemic microenvironment. Finally, we provide new perspectives on the potential of myeloid cell subpopulations as predictive biomarkers of therapeutical response, as well as potential targets in the chemoimmunotherapy of leukemias due to their dual Yin-Yang roles in leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Magalhães-Gama
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Silva Alves-Hanna
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nilberto Dias Araújo
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Mateus Souza Barros
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flavio Souza Silva
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Claudio Lucas Santos Catão
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Júlia Santos Moraes
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Izabela Cabral Freitas
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Monteiro Tarragô
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Adriana Malheiro
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores de Diagnóstico e Monitoração, Instituto René Rachou – FIOCRUZ Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Allyson Guimarães Costa
- Diretoria de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas (HEMOAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ) Minas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Hematologia, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA), Manaus, Brazil
- Escola de Enfermagem de Manaus, UFAM, Manaus, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Novel Prognostic Model for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Gene Set Variation Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7727424. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/7727424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis. Risk stratification of patients with AML is mainly based on the characteristics of cytogenetics and molecular genetics; however, patients with favorable genetics may have a poor prognosis. Here, we focused on the activity changes of immunologic and hallmark gene sets in the AML population. Based on the enrichment score of gene sets by gene set variation analysis (GSVA), we identified three AML subtypes by the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm in the TCGA cohort. AML patients in subgroup 1 had worse overall survival (OS) than subgroups 2 and 3 (
). The median overall survival (mOS) of subgroups 1–3 was 0.4, 2.2, and 1.7 years, respectively. Clinical characteristics, including age and FAB classification, were significantly different among each subgroup. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method, we discovered three prognostic gene sets and established the final prognostic model based on them. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly shorter OS than those in the low-risk group in the TCGA cohort (
) with mOS of 2.2 and 0.7 years in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The results were further validated in the GSE146173 and GSE12417 cohorts. We further identified the key genes of prognostic gene sets using a protein-protein interaction network. In conclusion, the study established and validated a novel prognostic model for risk stratification in AML, which provides a new perspective for accurate prognosis assessment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang S, Wang Q, Xia H, Liu H. A Novel Prognostic Model for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Based on Gene Set Variation Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1-13. [DOI: g/10.1155/2022/7727424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant hematological malignancy with a poor prognosis. Risk stratification of patients with AML is mainly based on the characteristics of cytogenetics and molecular genetics; however, patients with favorable genetics may have a poor prognosis. Here, we focused on the activity changes of immunologic and hallmark gene sets in the AML population. Based on the enrichment score of gene sets by gene set variation analysis (GSVA), we identified three AML subtypes by the nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm in the TCGA cohort. AML patients in subgroup 1 had worse overall survival (OS) than subgroups 2 and 3 (
). The median overall survival (mOS) of subgroups 1–3 was 0.4, 2.2, and 1.7 years, respectively. Clinical characteristics, including age and FAB classification, were significantly different among each subgroup. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method, we discovered three prognostic gene sets and established the final prognostic model based on them. Patients in the high-risk group had significantly shorter OS than those in the low-risk group in the TCGA cohort (
) with mOS of 2.2 and 0.7 years in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The results were further validated in the GSE146173 and GSE12417 cohorts. We further identified the key genes of prognostic gene sets using a protein-protein interaction network. In conclusion, the study established and validated a novel prognostic model for risk stratification in AML, which provides a new perspective for accurate prognosis assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Bejing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Bejing, China
| | - Haoran Xia
- Department of Urology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Bejing, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Bejing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian C, Li Y, Wang L, Si J, Zheng Y, Kang J, Wang Y, You MJ, Zheng G. Blockade of FGF2/FGFR2 partially overcomes bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells mediated progression of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:922. [PMID: 36333298 PMCID: PMC9636388 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The development of acute lymphoblastic leuakemia (ALL) is partly attributed to the effects of bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, especially mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which interact bilaterally with leukaemia cells, leading to ALL progression. In order to find MSCs-based microenvironment targeted therapeutic strategies, Notch1-induced T-cell ALL (T-ALL) mice models were used and dynamic alterations of BM-MSCs with increased cell viability during T-ALL development was observed. In T-ALL mice derived stroma-based condition, leukaemia cells showed significantly elevated growth capacity indicating that MSCs participated in leukaemic niche formation. RNA sequence results revealed that T-ALL derived MSCs secreted fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which combined with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) on leukaemia cells, resulting in activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in leukaemia cells. In vitro blocking the interaction between FGF2 and FGFR2 with BGJ398 (infigratinib), a FGFR1-3 kinase inhibitor, or knockdown FGF2 in MSCs by interference caused deactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and dysregulations of genes associated with cell cycle and apoptosis in ALL cells, leading to decrease of leukaemia cells. In mouse model received BGJ398, overall survival was extended and dissemination of leukaemia cells in BM, spleen, liver and peripheral blood was decreased. After subcutaneous injection of primary human T-ALL cells with MSCs, tumour growth was suppressed when FGF2/FGFR2 was interrupted. Thus, inhibition of FGF2/FGFR2 interaction appears to be a valid strategy to overcome BM-MSCs mediated progression of T-ALL, and BGJ398 could indeed improve outcomes in T-ALL, which provide theoretical basis of BGJ398 as a BM microenvironment based therapeutic strategy to control disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tian
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yueyang Li
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Lina Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Junqi Si
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Yaxin Zheng
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Junnan Kang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| | - Yafei Wang
- grid.411918.40000 0004 1798 6427Department of hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - M. James You
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77479 USA
| | - Guoguang Zheng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020 China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Miao TW, Chen FY, Du LY, Xiao W, Fu JJ. Signature based on RNA-binding protein-related genes for predicting prognosis and guiding therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:930826. [PMID: 36118863 PMCID: PMC9479344 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.930826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Studies have reported that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are dysregulated in multiple cancers and are correlated with the progression and prognosis of disease. However, the functions of RBPs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the function of RBPs in NSCLC and their prognostic and therapeutic value.Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, DNA methylation data, gene mutation data, copy number variation data, and corresponding clinical information on NSCLC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, and the University of California Santa Cruz Xena databases. The differentially expressed RBPs were identified between tumor and control tissues, and the expression and prognostic value of these RBPs were systemically investigated by bioinformatics analysis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to validate the dysregulated genes in the prognostic signature.Results: A prognostic RBP-related signature was successfully constructed based on eight RBPs represented as a risk score using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The high-risk group had a worse overall survival (OS) probability than the low-risk group (p < 0.001) with 1-, 3-, and 5-year area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values of 0.671, 0.638, and 0.637, respectively. The risk score was associated with the stage of disease (p < 0.05) and was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC when adjusted for age and UICC stage (p < 0.001, hazard ratio (HR): 1.888). The constructed nomogram showed a good predictive value. The P53, focal adhesion, and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways were the primary pathways in the high-risk group (adjusted p value <0.05). The high-risk group was correlated with increased immune infiltration (p < 0.05), upregulated relative expression levels of programmed cell death 1 (PD1) (p = 0.015), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) (p = 0.042), higher gene mutation frequency, higher tumor mutational burden (p = 0.034), and better chemotherapy response (p < 0.001). The signature was successfully validated using the GSE26939, GSE31210, GSE30219, and GSE157009 datasets. Dysregulation of these genes in patients with NSCLC was confirmed using the qPCR in an independent cohort (p < 0.05).Conclusion: An RBP-related signature was successfully constructed to predict prognosis in NSCLC, functioning as a reference for individualized therapy, including immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Wei Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Ying Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Long-Yi Du
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan-Juan Fu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Juan-Juan Fu,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miao TW, Yang DQ, Gao LJ, Yin J, Zhu Q, Liu J, He YQ, Chen X. Construction of a redox-related gene signature for overall survival prediction and immune infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:942402. [PMID: 36052170 PMCID: PMC9425056 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.942402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An imbalance in the redox homeostasis has been reported in multiple cancers and is associated with a poor prognosis of disease. However, the prognostic value of redox-related genes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. Methods: RNA sequencing data, DNA methylation data, mutation, and clinical data of NSCLC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Redox-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to construct the prognostic signature using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curve and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were applied to validate the accuracy of the gene signature. Nomogram and calibration plots of the nomogram were constructed to predict prognosis. Pathway analysis was performed using gene set enrichment analysis. The correlations of risk score with tumor stage, immune infiltration, DNA methylation, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and chemotherapy sensitivity were evaluated. The prognostic signature was validated using GSE31210, GSE26939, and GSE68465 datasets. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to validate dysregulated genes in NSCLC. Results: A prognostic signature was constructed using the LASSO regression analysis and was represented as a risk score. The high-risk group was significantly correlated with worse overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) at the 5-year stage was 0.657. The risk score was precisely correlated with the tumor stage and was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC. The constructed nomogram accurately predicted the OS of patients after 1-, 3-, and 5-year periods. DNA replication, cell cycle, and ECM receptor interaction were the main pathways enriched in the high-risk group. In addition, the high-risk score was correlated with higher TMB, lower methylation levels, increased infiltrating macrophages, activated memory CD4+ T cells, and a higher sensitivity to chemotherapy. The signature was validated in GSE31210, GSE26939, and GSE68465 datasets. Real-time PCR validated dysregulated mRNA expression levels in NSCLC. Conclusions: A prognostic redox-related gene signature was successfully established in NSCLC, with potential applications in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-wei Miao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - De-qing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li-juan Gao
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yin
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yan-qiu He
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
A Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signature for Overall Survival Prediction and Immune Infiltration in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231598. [PMID: 35866375 PMCID: PMC9434561 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Ferroptosis is associated with cancer initiation and progression. However, the molecular mechanism and prognostic value of ferroptosis-related genes in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are poorly understood. Methods: The mRNA expression profiles, methylation data, and clinical information of patients with LUSC were downloaded from TCGA and GEO database. Ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between cancerous and non-cancerous tissues, and their prognostic value was systemically investigated by bioinformatic analyses. Results: A ferroptosis-related gene signature (ALOX5, TFRC, PHKG2, FADS2, NOX1) was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis and represented as a risk score. Overall survival (OS) probability was significantly lower in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P<0.001), and receiver operating characteristic curve showed a good predictive capacity (AUC = 0.739). The risk score was an independent prognostic factor for LUSC. A nomogram was constructed to predict the OS probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years. High-risk score was associated with increased immune infiltration, lower methylation levels, higher immune checkpoint genes expression levels, and better chemotherapy response. Cell adhesion molecules, focal adhesion, and extracellular matrix receptor interaction were the main pathways in the high-risk group. The signature was validated using the TCGA test cohort, entire TCGA cohort, GSE30219, GSE157010, GSE73403, and GSE4573 datasets. The gene disorders in patients with LUSC were validated using real-time PCR and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Conclusions: A ferroptosis-related gene signature was constructed to predict OS probability in LUSC. This could facilitate novel therapeutic methods and guide individualized therapy.
Collapse
|
17
|
Han IH, Jeong C, Yang J, Park SH, Hwang DS, Bae H. Therapeutic Effect of Melittin–dKLA Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063094. [PMID: 35328518 PMCID: PMC8954064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic tumor and a serious type of skin cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express an M2-like phenotype and are involved in all stages of melanomagenesis; it is hence a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. We herein investigated whether melittin–dKLA inhibits the growth of melanoma by inducing apoptosis of M2-like macrophages. For the in vitro study, a conditioned medium of macrophages was prepared from M0, M1, or M2-differentiated THP-1 cells with and without melittin–dKLA. The affinity of melittin for M2 macrophages was studied with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-conjugated melittin. For the in vivo study, murine melanoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously in the right flank of mice, melittin–dKLA was intraperitoneally injected at 200 nmol/kg every three days, and flow cytometry analysis of TAMs was performed. Since melittin binds preferentially to M2-like macrophages, melittin–dKLA induced more caspase 3 expression and cell death in M2 macrophages compared with M0 and M1 macrophages and melanoma cells. Melittin–dKLA significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of M2 macrophages, resulting in a decrease in melanoma tumor growth in vivo. The CD206+ M2-like TAMs were reduced, while the CD86+ M1-like TAMs were not affected. Melittin–dKLA is therapeutically effective against melanoma by inducing the apoptosis of M2-like TAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Hwan Han
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (C.J.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chanmi Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (C.J.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Juwon Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (C.J.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyeok Park
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-S.H.); (H.B.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9316 (H.B.); Fax: +82-2-962-9316 (H.B.)
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemoon-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.-H.H.); (C.J.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (D.-S.H.); (H.B.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9316 (H.B.); Fax: +82-2-962-9316 (H.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pimenta DB, Varela VA, Datoguia TS, Caraciolo VB, Lopes GH, Pereira WO. The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764698. [PMID: 34869355 PMCID: PMC8639599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a highly complex tissue that provides important regulatory signals to orchestrate hematopoiesis. Resident and transient cells occupy and interact with some well characterized niches to produce molecular and cellular mechanisms that interfere with differentiation, migration, survival, and proliferation in this microenvironment. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common and severe hematological neoplasm in adults, arises and develop in the BM. The osteoblastic, vascular, and reticular niches provide surface co-receptors, soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines that mediate important functions on hematopoietic cells and leukemic blasts. There are some evidences of how AML modify the architecture and function of these three BM niches, but it has been still unclear how essential those modifications are to maintain AML development. Basic studies and clinical trials have been suggesting that disturbing specific cells and molecules into the BM niches might be able to impair leukemia competencies. Either through niche-specific molecule inhibition alone or in combination with more traditional drugs, the bone marrow microenvironment is currently considered the potential target for new strategies to treat AML patients. This review describes the cellular and molecular constitution of the BM niches under healthy and AML conditions, presenting this anatomical compartment by a new perspective: as a prospective target for current and next generation therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bifano Pimenta
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Herculano Lopes
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiménez-Morales S, Aranda-Uribe IS, Pérez-Amado CJ, Ramírez-Bello J, Hidalgo-Miranda A. Mechanisms of Immunosuppressive Tumor Evasion: Focus on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737340. [PMID: 34867958 PMCID: PMC8636671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a malignancy with high heterogeneity in its biological features and treatments. Although the overall survival (OS) of patients with ALL has recently improved considerably, owing to the application of conventional chemo-therapeutic agents, approximately 20% of the pediatric cases and 40-50% of the adult patients relapse during and after the treatment period. The potential mechanisms that cause relapse involve clonal evolution, innate and acquired chemoresistance, and the ability of ALL cells to escape the immune-suppressive tumor response. Currently, immunotherapy in combination with conventional treatment is used to enhance the immune response against tumor cells, thereby significantly improving the OS in patients with ALL. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immune evasion by leukemia cells could be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Jiménez-Morales
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ivan Sammir Aranda-Uribe
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacología, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Quintana Roo, Quintana Roo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Jhovani Pérez-Amado
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julian Ramírez-Bello
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Hidalgo-Miranda
- Laboratorio de Genómica del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Impact of Immune Parameters and Immune Dysfunctions on the Prognosis of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153856. [PMID: 34359757 PMCID: PMC8345723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), immune alterations—affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity—are very common. As a clinical consequence, patients with CLL frequently present with autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. The aim of this review article is to present available data on CLL-associated alterations of immune parameters that correlate with known prognostic markers and with clinical outcome. Also, data on the impact of immune-related clinical manifestations on the prognosis of patients with CLL will be discussed. Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a wide spectrum of immune alterations, affecting both the innate and adaptive immunity. These immune dysfunctions strongly impact the immune surveillance, facilitate tumor progression and eventually affect the disease course. Quantitative and functional alterations involving conventional T cells, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells, NK and NKT cells, and myeloid cells, together with hypogammaglobulinemia, aberrations in the complement pathways and altered cytokine signature have been reported in patients with CLL. Some of these immune parameters have been shown to associate with other CLL-related characteristics with a known prognostic relevance or to correlate with disease prognosis. Also, in CLL, the complex immune response dysfunctions eventually translate in clinical manifestations, including autoimmune phenomena, increased risk of infections and second malignancies. These clinical issues are overall the most common complications that affect the course and management of CLL, and they also may impact overall disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo R, Lü M, Cao F, Wu G, Gao F, Pang H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xing H, Liang C, Lyu T, Du C, Li Y, Guo R, Xie X, Li W, Liu D, Song Y, Jiang Z. Single-cell map of diverse immune phenotypes in the acute myeloid leukemia microenvironment. Biomark Res 2021; 9:15. [PMID: 33648605 PMCID: PMC7919996 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) microenvironment is essential for understanding mechanisms of evading immune surveillance and immunotherapy response of targeting special microenvironment components. METHODS Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset, we analyzed the immune cell phenotypes, function, and developmental trajectory of bone marrow (BM) samples from 16 AML patients and 4 healthy donors, but not AML blasts. RESULTS We observed a significant difference between normal and AML BM immune cells. Here, we defined the diversity of dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages in different AML patients. We also identified several unique immune cell types including T helper cell 17 (TH17)-like intermediate population, cytotoxic CD4+ T subset, T cell: erythrocyte complexes, activated regulatory T cells (Treg), and CD8+ memory-like subset. Emerging AML cells remodels the BM immune microenvironment powerfully, leads to immunosuppression by accumulating exhausted/dysfunctional immune effectors, expending immune-activated types, and promoting the formation of suppressive subsets. CONCLUSION Our results provide a comprehensive AML BM immune cell census, which can help to select pinpoint targeted drug and predict efficacy of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongqun Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengdie Lü
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology of Henan Province, Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Fujiao Cao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guanghua Wu
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Fengcai Gao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haili Pang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yadan Li
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haizhou Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianxin Lyu
- The Academy of Medical Science, College of Medical, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chunyan Du
- Laboratory Animal Center, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinsheng Xie
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Delong Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yongping Song
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Golubovskaya V, Zhou H, Li F, Valentine M, Sun J, Berahovich R, Xu S, Quintanilla M, Ma MC, Sienkiewicz J, Huang Y, Wu L. Novel CD37, Humanized CD37 and Bi-Specific Humanized CD37-CD19 CAR-T Cells Specifically Target Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050981. [PMID: 33652767 PMCID: PMC7956426 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a major advancement in cancer treatment. Recently, FDA approved CAR-T cells directed against the CD19 protein for treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. In spite of impressive clinical responses with CD19-CAR-T cells, some patients demonstrate disease relapse due to either antigen loss, cancer heterogeneity or other mechanisms. Novel CAR-T cells and targets are important for the field. This report describes novel CD37, humanized CD37 and bispecific humanized CD37-CD19-CAR-T cells targeting both CD37 and CD19. The study demonstrates that these novel CAR-T cells specifically targeted either CD37 positive or CD37 and CD19-positive cells with endogenous and exogenous protein expression and provides a basis for future clinical studies. Abstract CD19 and CD37 proteins are highly expressed in B-cell lymphoma and have been successfully targeted with different monotherapies, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The goal of this study was to target lymphoma with novel CD37, humanized CD37, and bi-specific humanized CD37-CD19 CAR-T cells. A novel mouse monoclonal anti-human CD37 antibody (clone 2B8D12F2D4) was generated with high binding affinity for CD37 antigen (KD = 1.6 nM). The CD37 antibody specifically recognized cell surface CD37 protein in lymphoma cells and not in multiple myeloma or other types of cancer. The mouse and humanized CD37-CAR-T cells specifically killed Raji and CHO-CD37 cells and secreted IFN-gamma. In addition, we generated bi-specific humanized hCD37-CD19 CAR-T cells that specifically killed Raji cells, CHO-CD37, and Hela-CD19 cells and did not kill control CHO or Hela cells. Moreover, the hCD37-CD19 CAR-T cells secreted IFN-gamma against CD37-positive and CD19-positive target CHO-CD37, Hela-CD19 cells, respectively, but not against CD19 and CD37-negative parental cell line. The bi-specific hCD37-CD19 significantly inhibited Raji xenograft tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival in NOD scid gamma mouse (NSG) mouse model. This study demonstrates that novel humanized CD37 and humanized CD37-CD19 CAR-T cells specifically targeted either CD37 positive or CD37 and CD19-positive cells and provides a basis for future clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Zhou
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
- Biology and Environmental Science College, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde 415000, China
| | | | - Jinying Sun
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | | | - Shirley Xu
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | | | - Man Cheong Ma
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - John Sienkiewicz
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Yanwei Huang
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Promab Biotechnologies, 2600 Hilltop Drive, Richmond, CA 94806, USA
- Forevertek Biotechnology, Janshan Road, Changsha Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Changsha 410205, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamaguchi T, Kawamoto E, Gaowa A, Park EJ, Shimaoka M. Remodeling of Bone Marrow Niches and Roles of Exosomes in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041881. [PMID: 33668652 PMCID: PMC7918833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a hematological malignancy that originates from hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. Significant progress has made in understanding its pathogensis and in establishing chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy (HSCT). However, while the successive development of new therapies, such as molecular-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have resulted in remarkable advances, the fact remains that some patients still cannot be saved, and resistance to treatment and relapse are still problems that need to be solved in leukemia patients. The bone marrow (BM) niche is a microenvironment that includes hematopoietic stem cells and their supporting cells. Leukemia cells interact with bone marrow niches and modulate them, not only inducing molecular and functional changes but also switching to niches favored by leukemia cells. The latter are closely associated with leukemia progression, suppression of normal hematopoiesis, and chemotherapy resistance, which is precisely the area of ongoing study. Exosomes play an important role in cell-to-cell communication, not only with cells in close proximity but also with those more distant due to the nature of exosomal circulation via body fluids. In leukemia, exosomes play important roles in leukemogenesis, disease progression, and organ invasion, and their usefulness in the diagnosis and treatment of leukemia has recently been reported. The interaction between leukemia cell-derived exosomes and the BM microenvironment has received particular attention. Their interaction is believed to play a very important role; in addition to their diagnostic value, exosomes could serve as a marker for monitoring treatment efficacy and as an aid in overcoming drug resistance, among the many problems in leukemia patients that have yet to be overcome. In this paper, we will review bone marrow niches in leukemia, findings on leukemia-derived exosomes, and exosome-induced changes in bone marrow niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu-City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (T.Y.); (E.K.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-59-232-5036; Fax: +81-59-231-5209
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marku M, Verstraete N, Raynal F, Madrid-Mencía M, Domagala M, Fournié JJ, Ysebaert L, Poupot M, Pancaldi V. Insights on TAM Formation from a Boolean Model of Macrophage Polarization Based on In Vitro Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123664. [PMID: 33297362 PMCID: PMC7762229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The recent success of immunotherapy treatments against cancer relies on helping our own body’s defenses in the fight against tumours, namely reinvigorating the cancer killing action of T cells. Unfortunately, in a large proportion of patients these therapies are ineffective, in part due to the presence of other immune cells, macrophages, which are mis-educated by the cancer cells into promoting tumour growth. Here we start from an existing model of macrophage polarization and extend it to the specific conditions encountered inside a tumour by adding signals, receptors, transcription factors and cytokines that are known to be the key components in establishing the cancer cell-macrophage interaction. Then we use a mathematical Boolean model applied to a gene regulatory network of this biological process to simulate its temporal behaviour and explore scenarios that have not been experimentally tested so far. Additionally, the KO and overexpression simulations successfully reproduce the known experimental results while predicting the potential role of regulators (such as STAT1 and EGF) in preventing the formation of pro-tumoural macrophages, which can be tested experimentally. Abstract The tumour microenvironment is the surrounding of a tumour, including blood vessels, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, the extracellular matrix and immune cells, especially neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages. In a tumour setting, macrophages encompass a spectrum between a tumour-suppressive (M1) or tumour-promoting (M2) state. The biology of macrophages found in tumours (Tumour Associated Macrophages) remains unclear, but understanding their impact on tumour progression is highly important. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of a macrophage polarization network, following two lines of enquiry: (i) we reconstruct the macrophage polarization network based on literature, extending it to include important stimuli in a tumour setting, and (ii) we build a dynamical model able to reproduce macrophage polarization in the presence of different stimuli, including the contact with cancer cells. Our simulations recapitulate the documented macrophage phenotypes and their dependencies on specific receptors and transcription factors, while also unravelling the formation of a special type of tumour associated macrophages in an in vitro model of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This model constitutes the first step towards elucidating the cross-talk between immune and cancer cells inside tumours, with the ultimate goal of identifying new therapeutic targets that could control the formation of tumour associated macrophages in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Marku
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.P.); Tel.: +33-5-82-74-17-74 (M.M.)
| | - Nina Verstraete
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Raynal
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Miguel Madrid-Mencía
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Domagala
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 29, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.P.); Tel.: +33-5-82-74-17-74 (M.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mesaros O, Jimbu L, Neaga A, Popescu C, Berceanu I, Tomuleasa C, Fetica B, Zdrenghea M. Macrophage Polarization in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Nurse-Like Cells Are the Caretakers of Leukemic Cells. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110516. [PMID: 33228048 PMCID: PMC7699370 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are terminally differentiated innate immune cells. Through their activation, they can be polarized towards the pro-inflammatory M1 type or the wound healing-associated, anti-inflammatory M2 type macrophages. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), M2 is the dominant phenotype and these cells are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs secrete cytokines and chemokines, exerting an antiapoptotic, proliferative and pro-metastatic effect on the tumor cells. TAMs can be found in many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where they are called nurse-like cells (NLCs). Despite the generally indolent behavior of CLL, the proportion of treatment-refractory patients is significant. As with the majority of cancers, despite significant recent progress, CLL pathogenesis is poorly understood. The emerging role of the TME in nurturing the neoplastic process warrants the investigation of macrophages as a significant pathogenetic element of tumors. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the role of stromal macrophages in CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Mesaros
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-741-237-703
| | - Laura Jimbu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Alexandra Neaga
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
| | - Cristian Popescu
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, County Emergency Hospital Alba Iulia, 20 Decebal str., 510093 Alba-Iulia, Romania
| | - Iulia Berceanu
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Bogdan Fetica
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| | - Mihnea Zdrenghea
- Department of Hematology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Babes str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.J.); (A.N.); (C.P.); (C.T.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.B.); (B.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wang Z, Zhao Y, Xu H, Liang F, Zou Q, Wang C, Jiang J, Lin F. CtBP1 promotes tumour-associated macrophage infiltration and progression in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11445-11456. [PMID: 32910558 PMCID: PMC7576280 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of lung cancer is majorly facilitated by TAMs (tumour-associated macrophages). However, how the TAMs infiltrate the NSCLC microenvironment and the associated biochemical are not fully elaborated. Research has revealed that changes in CtBP1 modulates innate immunity. Here, we investigated if CtBP1 facilitates infiltration of TAM and the subsequent progression of NSCLC. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out in 96 NSCLC patients to estimate the clinicopathological importance of CtBP1 in the disease. CtBP1 overexpression and knockdown were carried out to assess the activity of CtBP1 in NSCLC cells. Elevated expression of CtBP1 correlated positively with TAMs infiltration into NSCLC tissues, induced EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) in NSCLC cells and modulated the activated NF-κB signalling pathway leading to increase in CCL2 secretion from NSCLC cells, thus promoting TAM recruitment and polarization. TAM induction and polarization reduced significantly on exhausting p65 in NSCLC cells with CtBP1. Moreover, infiltration of TMAs was reduced remarkably on antagonist-mediated blocking of CCR2 and impeded the progression of NSCLC in a mouse model. These findings thus show a novel insight into the process of CtBP1-regulated TAM infiltration in NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yan Zhao
- Physical Examination CenterThe Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Tumor Hospital of Jilin CityJilinChina
| | - Feihai Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular thoracic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Qingxu Zou
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jingyuan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Fengwu Lin
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Olivares-Urbano MA, Griñán-Lisón C, Marchal JA, Núñez MI. CSC Radioresistance: A Therapeutic Challenge to Improve Radiotherapy Effectiveness in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071651. [PMID: 32660072 PMCID: PMC7407195 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a modality of oncologic treatment that can be used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients either alone or in combination with other treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and therapeutic targeting. Despite the technological advances in RT, which allow a more precise delivery of radiation while progressively minimizing the impact on normal tissues, issues like radioresistance and tumor recurrence remain important challenges. Tumor heterogeneity is responsible for the variation in the radiation response of the different tumor subpopulations. A main factor related to radioresistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSC) inside tumors, which are responsible for metastases, relapses, RT failure, and a poor prognosis in cancer patients. The plasticity of CSCs, a process highly dependent on the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and associated to cell dedifferentiation, complicates the identification and eradication of CSCs and it might be involved in disease relapse and progression after irradiation. The tumor microenvironment and the interactions of CSCs with their niches also play an important role in the response to RT. This review provides a deep insight into the characteristics and radioresistance mechanisms of CSCs and into the role of CSCs and tumor microenvironment in both the primary tumor and metastasis in response to radiation, and the radiobiological principles related to the CSC response to RT. Finally, we summarize the major advances and clinical trials on the development of CSC-based therapies combined with RT to overcome radioresistance. A better understanding of the potential therapeutic targets for CSC radiosensitization will provide safer and more efficient combination strategies, which in turn will improve the live expectancy and curability of cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Griñán-Lisón
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| | - María Isabel Núñez
- Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.M.); (M.I.N.); Tel.: +34-958-249321 (J.A.M.); +34-958-242077 (M.I.N.)
| |
Collapse
|