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Prokopidis K, Giannos P, Reginster JY, Bruyere O, Petrovic M, Cherubini A, Triantafyllidis KK, Kechagias KS, Dionyssiotis Y, Cesari M, Ibrahim K, Scott D, Barbagallo M, Veronese N. Sarcopenia is associated with a greater risk of polypharmacy and number of medications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:671-683. [PMID: 36781175 PMCID: PMC10067503 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacy in older adults is associated with multiple negative consequences that may affect muscular function, independently from the presence of medical conditions. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the association of sarcopenia with polypharmacy and higher number of medications. A systematic literature search of observational studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception until June 2022. To determine if sarcopenia is associated with a higher risk of polypharmacy and increased number of medications, a meta-analysis using a random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled effects (CRD42022337539). Twenty-nine studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Sarcopenia was associated with a higher prevalence of polypharmacy (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.23, 2.20], I2 = 84%, P < 0.01) and higher number of medications (mean difference: 1.39, 95% CI [0.59, 2.19], I2 = 95%, P < 0.01) compared with individuals without sarcopenia. Using meta-regression, a high variance was observed due to different populations (i.e., community-dwelling, nursing home residents, inpatients, outpatients) for both outcomes of polypharmacy (r = -0.338, SE = 0.1669, 95% CI [-0.67, -0.01], z = -2.03, P = 0.04) and number of medications (r = 0.589, SE = 0.2615, 95% CI [0.08, 1.10], z = 2.25, P = 0.02). This systematic review and meta-analysis reported a significantly increased risk of polypharmacy and higher number of medications in people with sarcopenia compared with individuals without this condition. Future research should clarify whether the specificity and number of medications is a direct contributor in accelerating the progression of muscle wasting and dysfunction contributing to sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Life Course and Medical SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
| | - Panagiotis Giannos
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jean Yves Reginster
- WHO Collaborating Center for Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Health and AgingLiègeBelgium
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health EconomicsUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Olivier Bruyere
- Division of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, WHO Collaborating Center for Public Health Aspects of Musculo‐Skeletal Health and AgeingUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Mirko Petrovic
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine and PaediatricsGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Antonio Cherubini
- Geriatria, Accettazione Geriatrica e Centro di Ricerca per l'Invecchiamento, IRCCS INRCAAnconaItaly
| | - Konstantinos K. Triantafyllidis
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Nutrition and DieteticsHomerton University Hospital Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Konstantinos S. Kechagias
- Society of Meta‐research and Biomedical InnovationLondonUK
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yannis Dionyssiotis
- Medical School, Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Clinic, General University Hospital PatrasUniversity of PatrasPatrasGreece
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- Geriatric UnitIRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici MaugeriMilanItaly
| | - Kinda Ibrahim
- Academic Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Applied Research Collaboration Wessex, The National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR)University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition SciencesDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mario Barbagallo
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Department of Internal Medicine and GeriatricsUniversity of PalermoPalermoItaly
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Iqbal A, Richardson C, Iqbal Z, O’Keefe H, Hanratty B, Matthews FE, Todd A. Are there socioeconomic inequalities in polypharmacy among older people? A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:149. [PMID: 36934249 PMCID: PMC10024437 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) may influence prescribing, concordance and adherence to medication regimens. This review set out to investigate the association between polypharmacy and an individual's socioeconomic status. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted across four databases. Older people (≥ 55 years) from any healthcare setting and residing location were included. The search was conducted across four databases: Medline (OVID), Web of Science, Embase (OVID) and CINAHL. Observational studies from 1990 that reported polypharmacy according to SES were included. A random-effects model was undertaken comparing those with polypharmacy (≥ 5 medication usage) with no polypharmacy. Unadjusted odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and standard errors (SE) were calculated for each study. RESULTS Fifty-four articles from 13,412 hits screened met the inclusion criteria. The measure of SES used were education (50 studies), income (18 studies), wealth (6 studies), occupation (4 studies), employment (7 studies), social class (5 studies), SES categories (2 studies) and deprivation (1 study). Thirteen studies were excluded from the meta-analysis. Lower SES was associated with higher polypharmacy usage: individuals of lower educational backgrounds displayed 21% higher odds to be in receipt of polypharmacy when compared to those of higher education backgrounds. Similar findings were shown for occupation, income, social class, and socioeconomic categories. CONCLUSIONS There are socioeconomic inequalities in polypharmacy among older people, with people of lower SES significantly having higher odds of polypharmacy. Future work could examine the reasons for these inequalities and explore the interplay between polypharmacy and multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Iqbal
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Pharmacy, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, King George VI Building, King’s Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU England
| | - Charlotte Richardson
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Zain Iqbal
- grid.419481.10000 0001 1515 9979Novartis International, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah O’Keefe
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Barbara Hanratty
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Fiona E. Matthews
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212Faculty of Medical Sciences, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
| | - Adam Todd
- grid.1006.70000 0001 0462 7212School of Pharmacy, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England
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Chuang YN, Chen CC, Wang CJ, Chang YS, Liu YH. Frailty and polypharmacy in the community-dwelling elderly with multiple chronic diseases. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:337-344. [PMID: 36717278 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both multi-morbidity (MM) and polypharmacy (PP) are common in the elderly and pose a challenge for health and social care systems. However, high-quality patient-centred care requires context-bound understanding of the patterns and use of medications in those with MM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PP in community-dwelling elderly, and the factors associated with MM, PP, excessive polypharmacy (EPP), and the types of drugs used. METHODS We analysed data of 164 community-dwelling subjects aged ≥60 years from January to December 2020 at a general hospital in a rural area of Taiwan. MM was defined as >4 diagnoses of chronic health conditions. Non-polypharmacy (NP), PP, and EPP were defined as <5, 5-8, and >8 prescriptions, respectively. Other variables including basic activities of daily living (BADL), severity of frailty, depressive mood, screening for intellectual impairment, and nutritional status were also analysed. RESULTS Of the 164 participants, 34.8% had >4 diagnoses, 66.5% had PP, and 26.2% had EPP. The patients with >4 diagnoses had worse performance in BADL, higher levels of frailty, and more prescriptions than those with fewer diagnoses. The EPP group had worse performance in BADL, a higher level of frailty, more comorbidities, and higher prevalences of diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease compared to the NP and PP groups. After adjusting for covariates, we further found a higher number of medications associated with having more comorbidities, and a higher level of frailty associated with having a greater number of medications. CONCLUSION We found relationships between frailty and PP, and between PP and MM, but frailty did not associate with MM. Since frailty, PP, and MM may be viewed as an inevitable trinity of ageing, reducing PP could be a method to both prevent frailty and disentangle this trinity in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan N Chuang
- Department of Community Health Center, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia C Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chin J Wang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu S Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi H Liu
- Department of Family Medicine, Catholic Mercy Hospital, Catholic Mercy Medical Foundation, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Alaa Eddine N, Schreiber J, El-Yazbi AF, Shmaytilli H, Amin MEK. A pharmacist-led medication review service with a deprescribing focus guided by implementation science. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1097238. [PMID: 36794277 PMCID: PMC9922726 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1097238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Little research addressed deprescribing-focused medication optimization interventions while utilizing implementation science. This study aimed to develop a pharmacist-led medication review service with a deprescribing focus in a care facility serving patients of low income receiving medications for free in Lebanon followed by an assessment of the recommendations' acceptance by prescribing physicians. As a secondary aim, the study evaluates the impact of this intervention on satisfaction compared to satisfaction associated with receiving routine care. Methods: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to address implementation barriers and facilitators by mapping its constructs to the intervention implementation determinants at the study site. After filling medications and receiving routine pharmacy service at the facility, patients 65 years or older and taking 5 or more medications, were assigned into two groups. Both groups of patients received the intervention. Patient satisfaction was assessed right after receiving the intervention (intervention group) or just before the intervention (control group). The intervention consisted of an assessment of patient medication profiles before addressing recommendations with attending physicians at the facility. Patient satisfaction with the service was assessed using a validated translated version of the Medication Management Patient Satisfaction Survey (MMPSS). Descriptive statistics provided data on drug-related problems, the nature and the number of recommendations as well as physicians' responses to recommendations. Independent sample t-tests were used to assess the intervention's impact on patient satisfaction. Results: Of 157 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 143 patients were enrolled: 72 in the control group and 71 in the experimental group. Of 143 patients, 83% presented drug-related problems (DRPs). Further, 66% of the screened DRPs met the STOPP/START criteria (77%, and 23% respectively). The intervention pharmacist provided 221 recommendations to physicians, of which 52% were to discontinue one or more medications. Patients in the intervention group showed significantly higher satisfaction compared to the ones in the control group (p < 0.001, effect size = 1.75). Of those recommendations, 30% were accepted by the physicians. Conclusion: Patients showed significantly higher satisfaction with the intervention they received compared to routine care. Future work should assess how specific CFIR constructs contribute to the outcomes of deprescribing-focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Alaa Eddine
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon,*Correspondence: Nada Alaa Eddine, ; Mohamed Ezzat Khamis Amin,
| | - James Schreiber
- School of Nursing, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ahmed F. El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt,Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, El Alamein, Egypt
| | - Haya Shmaytilli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Ezzat Khamis Amin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alamein International University, El Alamein, Egypt,*Correspondence: Nada Alaa Eddine, ; Mohamed Ezzat Khamis Amin,
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Medications for Chronic Conditions and Mortality in Older Adults. Nurs Res 2023; 72:30-37. [PMID: 36053079 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the population aging, examining the relationship between polypharmacy and mortality based on population data sources is important for clinical management and policy direction. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the association between the number of chronic medications and the risk of mortality in older adults. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study used data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan for information regarding chronic medication use (over 4 years) in older adults aged 65 years and older. The association between medication use and mortality numbers was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographic variables and comorbidity. RESULTS The number of medications was significantly associated with high mortality risk. Within polypharmacy, being 65-74 years old, male, living in northern Taiwan, having one type of comorbid disease, and receiving <84 days of refillable chronic prescription were associated with greater mortality risk. Subgroup analyses' results regarding comorbidity showed significant positive associations between the number of medications and mortality in most comorbid diseases except for mental disorders and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. DISCUSSION General practitioners should know that chronic polypharmacy is associated with increased mortality risk. Recognizing the possible adverse effects of multiple medication use could help physicians optimize drug regimens in the future.
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Varavithya V, Tirapat C, Rojpibulstit P, Poovichayasumlit P, Prasert V, Vatcharavongvan P. Potentially inappropriate medication use and the hospitalization rate among Thai elderly patients: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:847-855. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03269-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nitya S, Ramya G, Kiruthika S, Meenakshi R, Devi JN, Suganya G, Pravin S. Drug utilization pattern and factors associated with polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy in geriatric medical out-patients at a rural health training centre in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:2636-2641. [PMID: 34568148 PMCID: PMC8415691 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2417_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Multiple chronic illnesses associated with ageing population demands the role of polypharmacy. Drug utilization study in terms of description of drug use pattern in the geriatric patients aids in monitoring polypharmacy as well as to determine the factors contributing to it. Objectives: To analyse the drug utilization pattern in geriatric patients at a rural health training centre. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural health centre to assess the drug utilization pattern using the WHO core drug prescribing indicators. Polypharmacy was defined as usage of 5-8 drugs and excessive polypharmacy as intake of 10 or more drugs. The drugs were coded using Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical classification. Univariate and bivariate analysis were done using SPSS to present the data. Results: Among 207 patients, 29.5% were on polypharmacy and 1.5% patients on excessive polypharmacy. About 75% of patients had one or more comorbid medical condition. A total number of 829 drugs were prescribed and the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.02. Conclusion: The drug utilization pattern analysis in the geriatric patients reveals deviation of the average number of drugs per prescription from the WHO standard recommendation. The most common comorbid condition among the geriatric patients was diabetes mellitus. This drug utilization study imparts knowledge about the use of polypharmacy, comorbidities and the pattern of commonly used drugs among the geriatric patients in rural area. Periodic assessment of the pattern of drug utilization in the elderly aids to improve the prescribing pattern and minimize patient harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nitya
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - G Ramya
- Department of Pathology, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Sivagourounadin Kiruthika
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - R Meenakshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Jayabalan Nalini Devi
- Clinical Investigator, ICBio Clinical Research Pvt. Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ganesan Suganya
- Assistant Professor, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, VMRF-DU, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - S Pravin
- Department of Community Medicine, Sri ManakulaVinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India
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Kang J, Moser DK, Biddle MJ, Oh GY, Lennie TA. Age- and sex-matched comparison of diet quality in patients with heart failure to similarly aged healthy older adults. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e65. [PMID: 34527223 PMCID: PMC8411259 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) compare diet quality between patients with heart failure (HF) and age- and sex-matched community-dwelling healthy older adults and (2) determine whether having HF was associated with a lower Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) score and risk of micronutrient deficiency. The HEI-2015 and macro- and micronutrient intakes of patients with HF were compared with healthy older adults (N 102; 55-92 years old; 53 % female). A paired t-test or Wilcoxon singed-rank test, McNemar's test, and conditional logistic regression were used to assess the association between diet quality and HF status. Median values for HEI-2015 and the number of micronutrient deficiency were used to dichotomise into groups in the conditional logistic regression. There was no significant between-group difference in the HEI-2015 total score (P 0⋅059), whereas the whole grain component was lower in patients with HF than in healthy older adults (3⋅1 ± 3⋅5 v. 4⋅5 ± 3⋅1, P 0⋅037; respectively). Total caloric intake was lower in patients with HF than in healthy older adults (1683 ± 595 v. 2104 ± 670 kcal; P < 0⋅001). Patients with HF had a higher average number of micronutrient deficiencies than healthy older adults (4[2, 6] v. 1[0, 4], respectively, P < 0⋅001). Patients with HF had four times higher odds of being in a high micronutrient deficiency group than healthy older adults, controlling for socio-demographics and body mass index (adjusted odds ratio [95 % confidence interval]: 4⋅04[1⋅06, 15⋅41]). Our findings demonstrate that diet quality measured by nutritional intake identifies patients with HF with lower caloric intake and higher micronutrient deficiencies compared with age- and sex-matched healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- JungHee Kang
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd. Suite 403, Lexington, KY40503, USA
| | - Debra K. Moser
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd. Suite 403, Lexington, KY40503, USA
| | - Martha J. Biddle
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 2201 Regency Rd. Suite 403, Lexington, KY40503, USA
| | - GYeon Oh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY40536, USA
| | - Terry A. Lennie
- College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, 751 Rose Street, Lexington, KY40536, USA
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Knowledge and Perceived Effect of Polypharmacy and Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use among Nurses in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING AND MIDWIFERY 2021. [DOI: 10.52547/jgbfnm.18.2.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Elbeddini A, Sawhney M, Tayefehchamani Y, Yilmaz Z, Elshahawi A, Josh Villegas J, Dela Cruz J. Deprescribing for all: a narrative review identifying inappropriate polypharmacy for all ages in hospital settings. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 10:e001509. [PMID: 34230053 PMCID: PMC8261885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2021-001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Elbeddini
- Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monakshi Sawhney
- School of Nursing & Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yasamin Tayefehchamani
- Clinical Pharmacy, University of Toronto Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zekiye Yilmaz
- Clinical Pharmacy- Head of department, Acibadem University, Istanbul, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Elshahawi
- Assistant professor of Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Janelyn Dela Cruz
- MD Candidate, Saint James School of Medicine - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Campus, Arnos Vale, Saint George, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Prevalence of polypharmacy and the association with non-communicable diseases in Qatari elderly patients attending primary healthcare centers: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234386. [PMID: 32525902 PMCID: PMC7289385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypharmacy has become a global public health concern particularly in the elderly population. The elderly population is the most susceptible to the negative effects of polypharmacy due to their altered pharmacokinetics and decreased drug clearance. Therefore, polypharmacy can lead to poor health status and higher rates of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of polypharmacy (≥ 5 drugs) and its association with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in elderly (≥65 years) Qatari patients attending Primary Healthcare (PHC) centers in Qatar. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) database of all PHC centers in Qatar for six months (April-September 2017). RESULTS Out of 5639 patients screened, 75.5% (95% CI: 74.3-76.6) were exposed to polypharmacy. Females were 1.18 times more likely to have polypharmacy compared to males (95% CI: 1.03-1.34). The multivariate analysis identified having hypertension (AOR 1.71; 95% CI: 1.38-2.13), diabetes (AOR 2.38; 95% CI: 1.97-2.87), dyslipidemia (AOR 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06-1.56), cardiovascular disease (AOR 1.56; 95% CI: 1.25-1.95) and asthma (AOR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.13-1.72) to be independent parameters associated with polypharmacy. Also, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and number of NCDs were found to be significant independent parameters associated with polypharmacy. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of polypharmacy among Qatari elderly attending PHC Centers is very high. Our findings confirm the strong relationship between polypharmacy and BMI, and certain NCDs. Healthcare professionals should be educated about the magnitude of polypharmacy, its negative effects, and its associated factors. Best practice guidelines should be developed for improved medical practice in the prescription of medications for such a vulnerable population.
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