1
|
Griewing S, Knitza J, Gremke N, Wallwiener M, Wagner U, Lingenfelder M, Kuhn S. Awareness and intention-to-use of digital health applications, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology in breast cancer care. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1380940. [PMID: 38882671 PMCID: PMC11177209 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1380940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging digital technologies promise to improve breast cancer care, however lack of awareness among clinicians often prevents timely adoption. This study aims to investigate current awareness and intention-to-use of three technologies among breast cancer healthcare professionals (HCP): (1) digital health applications (DHA), (2) artificial intelligence (AI), and (3) blockchain technology (BC). A 22-item questionnaire was designed and administered before and after a 30 min educational presentation highlighting technology implementation examples. Technology awareness and intention-to-use were measured using 7-point Likert scales. Correlations between demographics, technology awareness, intention-to-use, and eHealth literacy (GR-eHEALS scale) were analyzed. 45 HCP completed the questionnaire, of whom 26 (57.8%) were female. Age ranged from 24 to 67 {mean age (SD): 44.93 ± 12.62}. Awareness was highest for DHA (68.9%) followed by AI (66.7%) and BC (24.4%). The presentation led to a non-significant increase of intention-to-use AI {5.37 (±1.81) to 5.83 (±1.64)}. HCPs´ intention-to-use BC after the presentation increased significantly {4.30 (±2.04) to 5.90 (±1.67), p < 0.01}. Mean accumulated score for GR-eHEALS averaged 33.04 (± 6.61). HCPs´ intended use of AI significantly correlated with eHealth literacy (ρ = 0.383; p < 0.01), intention-to-use BC (ρ = 0.591; p < 0.01) and participants´ age (ρ = -0.438; p < 0.01). This study demonstrates the effect that even a short practical presentation can have on HCPs´ intention-to-use emerging digital technologies. Training potential professional users should be addressed alongside the development of new information technologies and is crucial to increase HCPs´ corresponding awareness and intended use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Griewing
- Institute for Healthcare Management, Chair of General Business Administration, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Institute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Commission for Digital Medicine, German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Knitza
- Institute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Gremke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Commission for Digital Medicine, German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Wagner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Commission for Digital Medicine, German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Lingenfelder
- Institute for Healthcare Management, Chair of General Business Administration, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kuhn
- Institute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jayaraman R, Alshehri M, Kumar M, Abugabah A, Samant SS, Mohamed AA. Secure Biomedical Document Protection Framework to Ensure Privacy Through Blockchain. BIG DATA 2023; 11:437-451. [PMID: 37219960 DOI: 10.1089/big.2022.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the recent health care era, biomedical documents play a crucial role, and they contain much evidence-based documentation associated with many stakeholders data. Protecting those confidential research documents is more difficult and effective, and a significant process in the medical-based research domain. Those bio-documentation related to health care and other relevant community-valued data are suggested by medical professionals and processed. Many traditional security mechanisms such as akteonline and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) are used to protect the biomedical documents as they consider the problem of non-repudiation and data integrity related to the retrieval and storage of documents. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive framework that improves protection in terms of cost and response time related to biomedical documents. In this research work, blockchain-based biomedical document protection framework (BBDPF) is proposed, which includes blockchain-based biomedical data protection (BBDP) and blockchain-based biomedical data retrieval (BBDR) algorithms. BBDP and BBDR algorithms provide consistency on the data to prevent data modification and interception of confidential data with proper data validation. Both the algorithms have strong cryptographic mechanisms to withstand post-quantum security risks, ensuring the integrity of biomedical document retrieval and non-deny of data retrieval transactions. In the performance analysis, Ethereum blockchain infrastructure is deployed BBDPF and smart contracts using Solidity language. In the performance analysis, request time and searching time are determined based on the number of request to ensure data integrity, non-repudiation, and smart contracts for the proposed hybrid model as it gets increased gradually. A modified prototype is built with a web-based interface to prove the concept and evaluate the proposed framework. The experimental results revealed that the proposed framework renders data integrity, non-repudiation, and support for smart contracts with Query Notary Service, MedRec, MedShare, and Medlock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Jayaraman
- Department of Computing Technologies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammed Alshehri
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahed Abugabah
- College of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ahmed A Mohamed
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma'ah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computer and Information, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hiwale M, Walambe R, Potdar V, Kotecha K. A systematic review of privacy-preserving methods deployed with blockchain and federated learning for the telemedicine. HEALTHCARE ANALYTICS (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 3:100192. [PMID: 37223223 PMCID: PMC10160179 DOI: 10.1016/j.health.2023.100192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The unexpected and rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the acceptance of remote healthcare systems such as telemedicine. Telemedicine effectively provides remote communication, better treatment recommendation, and personalized treatment on demand. It has emerged as the possible future of medicine. From a privacy perspective, secure storage, preservation, and controlled access to health data with consent are the main challenges to the effective deployment of telemedicine. It is paramount to fully overcome these challenges to integrate the telemedicine system into healthcare. In this regard, emerging technologies such as blockchain and federated learning have enormous potential to strengthen the telemedicine system. These technologies help enhance the overall healthcare standard when applied in an integrated way. The primary aim of this study is to perform a systematic literature review of previous research on privacy-preserving methods deployed with blockchain and federated learning for telemedicine. This study provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of relevant studies based on the architecture, privacy mechanisms, and machine learning methods used for data storage, access, and analytics. The survey allows the integration of blockchain and federated learning technologies with suitable privacy techniques to design a secure, trustworthy, and accurate telemedicine model with a privacy guarantee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Hiwale
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Rahee Walambe
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence (SCAAI), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| | - Vidyasagar Potdar
- Blockchain R&D Lab, School of Management and Marketing, Curtin University, Perth 6107, Australia
| | - Ketan Kotecha
- Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Applied Artificial Intelligence (SCAAI), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 412115, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu TC, Ho CTB. Blockchain Revolutionizing in Emergency Medicine: A Scoping Review of Patient Journey through the ED. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2497. [PMID: 37761695 PMCID: PMC10530815 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockchain technology has revolutionized the healthcare sector, including emergency medicine, by integrating AI, machine learning, and big data, thereby transforming traditional healthcare practices. The increasing utilization and accumulation of personal health data also raises concerns about security and privacy, particularly within emergency medical settings. METHOD Our review focused on articles published in databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, discussing the revolutionary impact of blockchain technology within the context of the patient journey through the ED. RESULTS A total of 33 publications met our inclusion criteria. The findings emphasize that blockchain technology primarily finds its applications in data sharing and documentation. The pre-hospital and post-discharge applications stand out as distinctive features compared to other disciplines. Among various platforms, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric emerge as the most frequently utilized options, while Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Authority (PoA) stand out as the most commonly employed consensus algorithms in this emergency care domain. The ED journey map and two scenarios are presented, exemplifying the most distinctive applications of emergency medicine, and illustrating the potential of blockchain. Challenges such as interoperability, scalability, security, access control, and cost could potentially arise in emergency medical contexts, depending on the specific scenarios. CONCLUSION Our study examines the ongoing research on blockchain technology, highlighting its current influence and potential future advancements in optimizing emergency medical services. This approach empowers frontline medical professionals to validate their practices and recognize the transformative potential of blockchain in emergency medical care, ultimately benefiting both patients and healthcare providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chi Wu
- Institute of Technology Management, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500009, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ta Bruce Ho
- Institute of Technology Management, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arif YM, Putra DD, Wardani D, Susiki Nugroho SM, Hariadi M. Decentralized recommender system for ambient intelligence of tourism destinations serious game using known and unknown rating approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14267. [PMID: 37101510 PMCID: PMC10123167 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tourism destinations serious game (TDSG) requires the ability to respond to players through recommendations for selecting appropriate tourist destinations for them as potential tourists. This research utilizes ambient intelligence technology to regulate the response visualized through a choice of serious game scenarios. This research uses the Multi-Criteria Recommender System (MCRS) to produce recommendations for selecting tourist destinations as a reference for selecting scenario visualizations. Recommender systems require a decentralized, distributed, and secure data-sharing concept to distribute data and assignments between nodes. We propose using the Ethereum blockchain platform to handle data circulation between parts of the system and implement decentralized technology. We also use the known and unknown rating (KUR) approach to improve the system's ability to generate recommendations for players who can provide rating values or those who cannot. This study uses the tourism theme of Batu City, Indonesia, so we use personal characteristics (PC) and rating of destinations attribute (RDA) data for tourists in that city. The test results show that the blockchain can handle decentralized data-sharing well to ensure PC and RDA data circulation between nodes. MCRS has produced recommendations for players based on the KUR approach, indicating that the known rating has better accuracy than the unknown rating. Furthermore, the player can choose and run the tour visualization through game scenarios that appear based on the recommendation ranking results.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sargent CS, Breese JL. Blockchain Barriers in Supply Chain: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08874417.2023.2175338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
|
7
|
Sharing Health Information Using a Blockchain. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11020170. [PMID: 36673538 PMCID: PMC9859363 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Data sharing in the health sector represents a big problem due to privacy and security issues. Health data have tremendous value for organisations and criminals. The European Commission has classified health data as a unique resource owing to their ability to enable both retrospective and prospective research at a low cost. Similarly, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) encourages member nations to create and implement health data governance systems that protect individual privacy while allowing data sharing. This paper proposes adopting a blockchain framework to enable the transparent sharing of medical information among health entities in a secure environment. We develop a laboratory-based prototype using a design science research methodology (DSRM). This approach has its roots in the sciences of engineering and artificial intelligence, and its primary goal is to create relevant artefacts that add value to the fields in which they are used. We adopt a patient-centric approach, according to which a patient is the owner of their data and may allow hospitals and health professionals access to their data.
Collapse
|
8
|
Hermansen A, Regier DA, Pollard S. Developing Data Sharing Models for Health Research with Real-World Data: A Scoping Review of Patient and Public Preferences. J Med Syst 2022; 46:86. [PMID: 36271208 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-022-01875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For researchers to realize the benefits of real-world data in healthcare requires broader access to patient data than is currently possible given siloed data systems. To facilitate evidence generation, infrastructure must support integrated data collection and sharing enabled by patient consent. Critical to the success of data sharing is to design secured data sharing platforms around patient preferences and expectations. The objective of this review was to characterize patient and public preferences for secured data sharing platforms and incentives to share real-world data for health research. We conducted a scoping review of the data sharing and health informatics literature capturing patient and public values for data sharing platforms and incentivization. We searched Embase and Medline (OVID) databases for primary data studies. Two reviewers participated in study selection and data abstraction. Findings were summarized according to preference frequency within each major theme. The final search produced 253 articles. After screening, 12 articles were included for data extraction. Two studies discussed preferences for data sharing platforms, 7 discussed incentives preferences, and 3 addressed both. We identified considerable variation of patient and public preferences according to preferred consent mechanisms and level of control, willingness to trade off risks and benefits, and the type of incentivization appropriate to offer for participation. This preference variation informs the conditions under which individuals may be willing to engage with secured data sharing platforms to support research. Our findings indicate that platforms will need to be flexible to meet the diverse preferences of users and facilitate uptake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hermansen
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dean A Regier
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Steens J, Klein D. HOX genes in stem cells: Maintaining cellular identity and regulation of differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1002909. [PMID: 36176275 PMCID: PMC9514042 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1002909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells display a unique cell type within the body that has the capacity to self-renew and differentiate into specialized cell types. Compared to pluripotent stem cells, adult stem cells (ASC) such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) exhibit restricted differentiation capabilities that are limited to cell types typically found in the tissue of origin, which implicates that there must be a certain code or priming determined by the tissue of origin. HOX genes, a subset of homeobox genes encoding transcription factors that are generally repressed in undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells, emerged here as master regulators of cell identity and cell fate during embryogenesis, and in maintaining this positional identity throughout life as well as specifying various regional properties of respective tissues. Concurrently, intricate molecular circuits regulated by diverse stem cell-typical signaling pathways, balance stem cell maintenance, proliferation and differentiation. However, it still needs to be unraveled how stem cell-related signaling pathways establish and regulate ASC-specific HOX expression pattern with different temporal-spatial topography, known as the HOX code. This comprehensive review therefore summarizes the current knowledge of specific ASC-related HOX expression patterns and how these were integrated into stem cell-related signaling pathways. Understanding the mechanism of HOX gene regulation in stem cells may provide new ways to manipulate stem cell fate and function leading to improved and new approaches in the field of regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
10
|
A Systematic Review of the Adoption of Blockchain for Supply Chain Processes. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.4018/jgim.297625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper systematically reviews the literature on the adoption of Blockchain technology in Supply Chain Management (SCM) processes. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) methodology, 53 peer-reviewed research publications from five different databases (IEEE Xplore, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost) were selected and analyzed using a classification coding framework. The findings reveal that Agri-food traceability, Blockchain security, smart contracts, and the Internet of Things (IoT) were the significant identified current trends in the use of Blockchain in SCM processes. The key identified challenges include high costs of transactions and a lack of trust between stakeholders. Identified solutions were Blockchain traceability systems and the use of smart contracts and IoTs. In addition, this paper identified gaps in the literature that need to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Corte-Real A, Nunes T, Santos C, Rupino da Cunha P. Blockchain technology and universal health coverage: Health data space in global migration. J Forensic Leg Med 2022; 89:102370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2022.102370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Cheng ASK, Guan Q, Su Y, Zhou P, Zeng Y. Integration of Machine Learning and Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Field: A Literature Review and Implications for Cancer Care. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021; 8:720-724. [PMID: 34790856 PMCID: PMC8522602 DOI: 10.4103/apjon.apjon-2140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief report aimed to describe a narrative review about the application of machine learning (ML) methods and Blockchain technology (BCT) in the healthcare field, and to illustrate the integration of these two technologies in cancer survivorship care. A total of six eligible papers were included in the narrative review. ML and BCT are two data-driven technologies, and there is rapidly growing interest in integrating them for clinical data management and analysis in healthcare. The findings of this report indicate that both technologies can integrate feasibly and effectively. In conclusion, this brief report provided the state-of-art evidence about the integration of the most promising technologies of ML and BCT in health field, and gave an example of how to apply these two most disruptive technologies in cancer survivorship care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy S K Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiongyao Guan
- Department of Nursing, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Nursing, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xie Y, Zhang J, Wang H, Liu P, Liu S, Huo T, Duan YY, Dong Z, Lu L, Ye Z. Applications of Blockchain in the Medical Field: Narrative Review. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e28613. [PMID: 34533470 PMCID: PMC8555946 DOI: 10.2196/28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As a distributed technology, blockchain has attracted increasing attention from stakeholders in the medical industry. Although previous studies have analyzed blockchain applications from the perspectives of technology, business, or patient care, few studies have focused on actual use-case scenarios of blockchain in health care. In particular, the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to some new ideas for the application of blockchain in medical practice. Objective This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current and projected uses of blockchain technology in health care, as well as directions for future research. In addition to the framework structure of blockchain and application scenarios, its integration with other emerging technologies in health care is discussed. Methods We searched databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, IEEE, and Springer using a combination of terms related to blockchain and health care. Potentially relevant papers were then compared to determine their relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion. Through a literature review, we summarize the key medical scenarios using blockchain technology. Results We found a total of 1647 relevant studies, 60 of which were unique studies that were included in this review. These studies report a variety of uses for blockchain and their emphasis differs. According to the different technical characteristics and application scenarios of blockchain, we summarize some medical scenarios closely related to blockchain from the perspective of technical classification. Moreover, potential challenges are mentioned, including the confidentiality of privacy, the efficiency of the system, security issues, and regulatory policy. Conclusions Blockchain technology can improve health care services in a decentralized, tamper-proof, transparent, and secure manner. With the development of this technology and its integration with other emerging technologies, blockchain has the potential to offer long-term benefits. Not only can it be a mechanism to secure electronic health records, but blockchain also provides a powerful tool that can empower users to control their own health data, enabling a foolproof health data history and establishing medical responsibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengran Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Songxiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tongtong Huo
- Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Yu Duan
- Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Wuhan Academy of Intelligent Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory of Intelligent Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhewei Ye
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gonzales A, Smith SR, Dullabh P, Hovey L, Heaney-Huls K, Robichaud M, Boodoo R. Potential Uses of Blockchain Technology for Outcomes Research on Opioids. JMIR Med Inform 2021; 9:e16293. [PMID: 34448721 PMCID: PMC8433945 DOI: 10.2196/16293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale and severity of the opioid epidemic call for innovative, multipronged solutions. Research and development is key to accelerate the discovery and evaluation of interventions that support pain and substance use disorder management. In parallel, the use and integration of blockchain technology within research networks holds the potential to address some of the unique challenges facing opioid research. This paper discusses the applications of blockchain technology and illustrates potential ways in which it could be applied to strengthen the validity of outcomes research on the opioid epidemic. We reviewed published and gray literature to identify useful applications of blockchain, specifically those that address the challenges faced by opioid research networks and programs. We then convened a panel of experts to discuss the strengths, limitations, and feasibility of each application. Blockchain has the potential to address some of the issues surrounding health data management, including data availability, data sharing and interoperability, and privacy and security. We identified five primary applications of blockchain to opioids: clinical trials and pharmaceutical research, incentivizing data donation and behavior change, secure exchange and management of e-prescriptions, supply chain management, and secondary use of clinical data for research and public health surveillance. The published literature was limited, leading us to rely on gray literature, which was also limited in its discussion of the technical aspects of implementation. The technical expert panel provided additional context and an assessment of feasibility that was lacking in the literature. Research on opioid use and misuse is challenging because of disparate data stored across different systems, data and system interoperability issues, and legal requirements. These areas must be navigated to make data accessible, timely, and useful to researchers. Blockchain technologies have the potential to act as a facilitator in this process, offering a more efficient, secure, and privacy-preserving solution for data exchange. Among the 5 primary applications, we found that clinical trial research, supply chain management, and secondary use of data had the most examples in practice and the potential effectiveness of blockchain. More discussions and studies should focus on addressing technical questions concerning scalability and tackling practical concerns such as cost, standards, and governance around the implementation of blockchain in health care. Policy concerns related to balancing the need for data accessibility that also protects patient privacy and autonomy in revoking consent should also be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldren Gonzales
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Office of Health Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott R Smith
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, Office of Health Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Lauren Hovey
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Roger Boodoo
- Department of Defense, Defense Health Agency, United States Navy, Falls Church, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Negro-Calduch E, Azzopardi-Muscat N, Krishnamurthy RS, Novillo-Ortiz D. Technological progress in electronic health record system optimization: Systematic review of systematic literature reviews. Int J Med Inform 2021; 152:104507. [PMID: 34049051 PMCID: PMC8223493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent, rapid development of digital technologies offers new possibilities for more efficient implementation of electronic health record (EHR) and personal health record (PHR) systems. A growing volume of healthcare data has been the hallmark of this digital transformation. The large healthcare datasets' complexity and their dynamic nature pose various challenges related to processing, analysis, storage, security, privacy, data exchange, and usability. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a systematic review of systematic reviews to assess technological progress in EHR and PHR systems. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus for systematic literature reviews on technological advancements that support EHR and PHR systems published between January 1, 2010, and October 06, 2020. RESULTS The searches resulted in a total of 2,448 hits. Of these, we finally selected 23 systematic reviews. Most of the included papers dealt with information extraction tools and natural language processing technology (n = 10), followed by studies that assessed the use of blockchain technology in healthcare (n = 8). Other areas of digital technology research included EHR and PHR systems in austere settings (n = 1), de-identification methods (n = 1), visualization techniques (n = 1), communication tools within EHR and PHR systems (n = 1), and methodologies for defining Clinical Information Models that promoted EHRs and PHRs interoperability (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Technological advancements can improve the efficiency in the implementation of EHR and PHR systems in numerous ways. Natural language processing techniques, either rule-based, machine-learning, or deep learning-based, can extract information from clinical narratives and other unstructured data locked in EHRs and PHRs, allowing secondary research (i.e., phenotyping). Moreover, EHRs and PHRs are expected to be the primary beneficiaries of the blockchain technology implementation on Health Information Systems. Governance regulations, lack of trust, poor scalability, security, privacy, low performance, and high cost remain the most critical challenges for implementing these technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Negro-Calduch
- World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Omidi Y, Omidian H. Transformative dynamism in pharmaceutical and biomedical research: Complexity of integration of innovative R & D hubs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 11:227-233. [PMID: 34336611 PMCID: PMC8314036 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2021.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Introduction: To be fully functional, pharmaceutical, and biomedical research centers need to be transformed to become innovative research and development (R & D) hubs. Such transformation, however, is a dynamic complex matter. Methods: To establish an innovative R & D hub, a simple and concise manifesto is conceptualized for the nonlinear dynamic transformation towards an innovative research hub to reinforce the transition of the 2nd generation R & D centers. Results: Interdisciplinary research is the most demanded field of research to overcome various multi-sided health issues. To become an innovative R & D hub, pharmaceutical centers must function as a small-scale physical infrastructure to support the inter-communication of scientists and provide specific technological needs to promote the related innovation and entrepreneurship with advanced business plans and prototypes. Given that a success paradigm within an unorderly surrounding setting has already been condemned to fail, the orderly integration of nested systems and groups should be carefully implemented towards a shared vision with formal and tacit agreements among all parties, including academia, industry, and finance team. Conclusion: To achieve a fully functional innovative R & D hub, a "know-how" approach with the systems thinking mindset within all the parties is of paramount necessity. The healthier the order of the whole working system is, the more effective will be the encompassed entitles and players. However, systems should have several checkpoints to enhance clarity and evade discrepancy and divergence. Since the medication is a highly trusted and needed public enterprise, the drug discovery and development paradigm should be practiced at the highest speed with maximum transparency and accountability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadollah Omidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hossein Omidian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) declares its scope in its name, but its content, both in terms of the clinical research it supports-and sometimes initiates-and the methods it has developed over time, reach much further than the name suggests. The goal of this review is to celebrate the extraordinary diversity of activity and of results, not as a prize-giving pageant, but in recognition of the field, the community that both serves and is sustained by it, and of its interdisciplinarity and its international dimension. METHODS Beyond personal awareness of a range of work commensurate with the author's own research, it is clear that, even with a thorough literature search, a comprehensive review is impossible. Moreover, the field has grown and subdivided to an extent that makes it very hard for one individual to be familiar with every branch or with more than a few branches in any depth. A literature survey was conducted that focused on informatics-related terms in the general biomedical and healthcare literature, and specific concerns ("artificial intelligence", "data models", "analytics", etc.) in the biomedical informatics (BMI) literature. In addition to a selection from the results from these searches, suggestive references within them were also considered. RESULTS The substantive sections of the paper-Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and "Big Data" Analytics; Common Data Models, Data Quality, and Standards; Phenotyping and Cohort Discovery; Privacy: Deidentification, Distributed Computation, Blockchain; Causal Inference and Real-World Evidence-provide broad coverage of these active research areas, with, no doubt, a bias towards this reviewer's interests and preferences, landing on a number of papers that stood out in one way or another, or, alternatively, exemplified a particular line of work. CONCLUSIONS CRI is thriving, not only in the familiar major centers of research, but more widely, throughout the world. This is not to pretend that the distribution is uniform, but to highlight the potential for this domain to play a prominent role in supporting progress in medicine, healthcare, and wellbeing everywhere. We conclude with the observation that CRI and its practitioners would make apt stewards of the new medical knowledge that their methods will bring forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Solomonides
- Outcomes Research Network, Research Institute, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|