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Chen J, Tian M, Shu X. Only anti-GM4 antibody positivity in a Chinese girl with overlapping MFS/GBS: a case report. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2331-2335. [PMID: 38270731 PMCID: PMC11021322 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), as the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide, is considered a part of a clinical spectrum in which discrete, complete, or incomplete forms of GBS and overlapping syndromes lie on the basis of their clinical features. The term overlapping Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS)/GBS is used when patients with MFS also suffer from progressive motor weakness of the limbs. Anti-ganglioside GQ1b has been specifically associated with MFS and ophthalmoplegia. CASE DESCRIPTION Here, we report a Chinese girl who was diagnosed with overlapping MFS/GBS showing acute flaccid paralysis of all four limbs, sensory symptoms, cranial nerve dysfunction, autonomic involvement, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia. She had high serum and cerebrospinal fluid titres of monospecific anti-GM4 IgG antibody instead of anti-GQ1b antibody in the acute phase. CONCLUSION Anti-GM4 antibodies usually coexist with other antiganglioside antibodies, leading to missed diagnoses. The findings of the present study show that antibodies to ganglioside GM4 may in overlapping MFS/GBS as the lone immunological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 143, Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Maoqiang Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 143, Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - XiaoMei Shu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, No. 143, Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Ji X, Zhu J, Li L, Yang X, Zhou S, Cao L. Anti-sulfatide antibody-related Guillain-Barré syndrome presenting with overlapping syndromes or severe pyramidal tract damage: a case report and literature review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1360164. [PMID: 38654738 PMCID: PMC11035893 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1360164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-sulfatide antibodies are key biomarkers for the diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). However, case reports on anti-sulfatide antibody-related GBS are rare, particularly for atypical cases. Case description case 1 A 63 years-old man presented with limb numbness and diplopia persisting for 2 weeks, with marked deterioration over the previous 4 days. His medical history included cerebral infarction, diabetes, and coronary atherosclerotic cardiomyopathy. Physical examination revealed limited movement in his left eye and diminished sensation in his extremities. Initial treatments included antiplatelet agents, cholesterol-lowering drugs, hypoglycemic agents, and medications to improve cerebral circulation. Despite this, his condition worsened, resulting in bilateral facial paralysis, delirium, ataxia, and decreased lower limb muscle strength. Treatment with intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin and dexamethasone resulted in gradual improvement. A 1 month follow-up revealed significant neurological sequelae. Case description case 2 A 53 years-old woman was admitted for adenomyosis and subsequently experienced sudden limb weakness, numbness, and pain that progressively worsened, presenting with diminished sensation and muscle strength in all limbs. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin, vitamin B1, and mecobalamin were administered. At the 1 month follow-up, the patient still experienced limb numbness and difficulty walking. In both patients, albuminocytologic dissociation was found on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, positive anti-sulfatide antibodies were detected in the CSF, and electromyography indicated peripheral nerve damage. Conclusion Anti-sulfatide antibody-related GBS can present with Miller-Fisher syndrome, brainstem encephalitis, or a combination of the two, along with severe pyramidal tract damage and residual neurological sequelae, thereby expanding the clinical profile of this GBS subtype. Anti-sulfatide antibodies are a crucial diagnostic biomarker. Further exploration of the pathophysiological mechanisms is necessary for precise treatment and improved prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Ji
- Department of Neurology, Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Jiaqian Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lujiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaolong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Sanya People’s Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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Ramirez-Sanchez C, Syed R, Meier A, LaBuzetta JN, Hylton DJ, Taremi M. A unique case of Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome in a liver transplant recipient. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:797-801. [PMID: 34550544 PMCID: PMC8456682 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an ascending demyelinating polyneuropathy often associated with recent infection. Miller Fisher syndrome represents a variant with predominant facial and cranial nerve involvement, although Miller Fisher and Guillain-Barré overlap syndromes can occur. Guillain-Barré spectrum syndromes have been thought to be rare among solid organ transplant recipients. We describe an immunocompromised patient with a liver transplant who presented with ophthalmoplegia and bulbar deficits. His symptoms rapidly progressed to a state of descending paralysis involving the diaphragm; he then developed acute respiratory failure and eventually developed quadriparesis. Electromyography and a nerve conduction study demonstrated a severe sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy consistent with Miller Fisher variant Guillain-Barré syndrome. Despite several negative nasopharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction, a serology for SARS-CoV-2 IgG was positive. He was diagnosed with Miller Fisher-Guillain-Barré overlap syndrome with rapid recovery following treatment with plasma exchange. Although Guillain-Barré is a rare complication in solid organ transplant recipients, this case highlights the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment of neurologic complications in transplant patients. Furthermore, it demonstrates a possible case of neurological complications from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ramirez-Sanchez
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Rehan Syed
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Angela Meier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Nicole LaBuzetta
- Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurocritical Care, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Diana J Hylton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Taremi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
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Manganotti P, Bellavita G, D'Acunto L, Tommasini V, Fabris M, Sartori A, Bonzi L, Buoite Stella A, Pesavento V. Clinical neurophysiology and cerebrospinal liquor analysis to detect Guillain-Barré syndrome and polyneuritis cranialis in COVID-19 patients: A case series. J Med Virol 2020; 93:766-774. [PMID: 32662899 PMCID: PMC7405169 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We report a case series of five patients affected by SARS‐CoV‐2 who developed neurological symptoms, mainly expressing as polyradiculoneuritis and cranial polyneuritis in the 2 months of COVID‐19 pandemic in a city in the northeast of Italy. A diagnosis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome was made on the basis of clinical presentation, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and electroneurography. In four of them, the therapeutic approach included the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (0.4 g/kg for 5 days), which resulted in the improvement of neurological symptoms. Clinical neurophysiology revealed the presence of conduction block, absence of F waves, and in two cases a significant decrease in amplitude of compound motor action potential compound muscle action potential (cMAP). Four patients presented a mild facial nerve involvement limited to the muscles of the lower face, with sparing of the forehead muscles associated to ageusia. In one patient, taste assessment showed right‐sided ageusia of the tongue, ipsilateral to the mild facial palsy. In three patients we observed albuminocytological dissociation in the cerebrospinal fluid, and notably, we found an increase of inflammatory mediators such as the interleukin‐8. Peripheral nervous system involvement after infection with COVID‐19 is possible and may include several signs that may be successfully treated with immunoglobulin therapy. Neurological symptoms may be common in COVID‐19 patients Neurophysiological assessment is fundamental for a correct diagnosis Peripheral nervous system involvement is possibile in people with COVID‐19 In these patients, intravenous immunoglobulin administration is a safe and efficient therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Bellavita
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura D'Acunto
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Tommasini
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Martina Fabris
- Laboratory of Malattie Autoimmuni, SOC Istituto di Patologia Clinica, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Udine, Italy
| | - Arianna Sartori
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Bonzi
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Maggiore City Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alex Buoite Stella
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Cattinara University Hospital ASUGI, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina Pesavento
- Rehabilitation Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, Maggiore City Hospital, Trieste, Italy
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Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2. J Neurovirol 2020; 26:605-606. [PMID: 32529516 PMCID: PMC7288617 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-020-00858-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This case report describes the clinical characteristics of a 50-year-old woman that developed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and was admitted at the COVID-19 dedicated unit where she developed neurological symptoms 10 days after admission. After neurological examination, including a panel of blood cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, a diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was hypothesized and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) was initiated. Fourteen days after the start of IVIG treatment, the patient has been discharged at home with the resolution of respiratory symptoms and only minor hyporeflexia at the lower limbs, without any side effect.
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