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Hou Q, Yi B. The role of long non-coding RNAs in the development of diabetic kidney disease and the involved clinical application. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3809. [PMID: 38708843 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), one of the common microvascular complications of diabetes, is increasing in prevalence worldwide and can lead to End-stage renal disease. However, there are still gaps in our understanding of the pathophysiology of DKD, and both current clinical diagnostic methods and treatment strategies have drawbacks. According to recent research, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are intimately linked to the developmental process of DKD and could be viable targets for clinical diagnostic decisions and therapeutic interventions. Here, we review recent insights gained into lncRNAs in pathological changes of DKD such as mesangial expansion, podocyte injury, renal tubular injury, and interstitial fibrosis. We also discuss the clinical applications of DKD-associated lncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, as well as their limitations and challenges, to provide new methods for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhuo Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Shelke V, Kale A, Sankrityayan H, Anders HJ, Gaikwad AB. Long non-coding RNAs as emerging regulators of miRNAs and epigenetics in diabetes-related chronic kidney disease. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024; 130:230-241. [PMID: 34986074 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.2023580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), including "diabetic nephropathy," and is an increasingly prevalent accelerator of the progression of non-diabetic forms of CKD. The long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have come into the limelight in the past few years as one of the emerging weapons against CKD in diabetes. Available data over the past few years demonstrate the interaction of lncRNAs with miRNAs and epigenetic machinery. Interestingly, the evolving data suggest that lncRNAs play a vital role in diabetes-associated CKD by regulation of epigenetic enzymes such as DNA methyltransferase, histone deacetylases, and histone methyltransferases. LncRNAs are also engaged in the regulation of several miRNAs in diabetic nephropathy. Hence this review will elaborate on the association between lncRNAs and their interaction with epigenetic regulators involved in different aspects and thus the progression of CKD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwadeep Shelke
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Ajinath Kale
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani, India
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Wang J, Jia Q, Jiang S, Lu W, Ning H. POU6F1 promotes ferroptosis by increasing lncRNA-CASC2 transcription to regulate SOCS2/SLC7A11 signaling in gastric cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:3. [PMID: 38267746 PMCID: PMC10808632 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09843-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect and mechanism of POU6F1 and lncRNA-CASC2 on ferroptosis of gastric cancer (GC) cells. METHODS GC cells treated with erastin and RSL3 were detected for ferroptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and cell viability. The expression levels of POU6F1, lncRNA-CASC2, SOCS2, and ferroptosis-related molecules (GPX4 and SLC7A11) were also measured. The regulations among POU6F1, lncRNA-CASC2, FMR1, SOCS2, and SLC7A11 were determined. Subcutaneous tumor models were established, in which the expressions of Ki-67, SOCS2, and GPX4 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS GC patients with decreased expressions of POU6F1 and lncRNA-CASC2 had lower survival rate. Overexpression of POU6F1 or lncRNA-CASC2 decreased cell proliferation and GSH levels in GC cells, in addition to increasing total iron, Fe2+, MDA, and ROS levels. POU6F1 directly binds to the lncRNA-CASC2 promoter to promote its transcription. LncRNA-CASC2 can target FMR1 and increase SOCS2 mRNA stability to promote SLC7A11 ubiquitination degradation and activate ferroptosis signaling. Knockdown of SOCS2 inhibited the ferroptosis sensitivity of GC cells and reversed the effects of POU6F1 and lncRNA-CASC2 overexpression on ferroptosis in GC cells. CONCLUSION Transcription factor POU6F1 binds directly to the lncRNA-CASC2 promoter to promote its expression, while upregulated lncRNA-CASC2 increases SOCS2 stability and expression by targeting FMR1, thereby inhibiting SLC7A11 signaling to promote ferroptosis in GC cells and inhibit GC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyu Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Jiang
- Department of Child Development and Behavior, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenquan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.2 JingBa Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
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Hu J, Zhang X, Ma F, Huang C, Jiang Y. LncRNA CASC2 Alleviates Renal Interstitial Inflammation and Fibrosis through MEF2C Downregulation-Induced Hinderance of M1 Macrophage Polarization. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 148:245-263. [PMID: 38142674 DOI: 10.1159/000531919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) alleviates the progression of diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis. This study investigated how CASC2 impacts renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) through regulating M1 macrophage (M1) polarization. METHOD Nine-week-old mice underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) establishment. Macrophages were induced toward M1 polarization using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and cocultured with fibroblasts to examine how M1 polarization influences RIF. LnCeCell predicted that CASC2 interacted with myocyte enhancer factor 2 C (MEF2C), which was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. CASC2/MEF2C overexpression was achieved by lentivirus-expressing lncRNA CASC2 injection in vivo or CASC2 and MEF2C transfection in vitro. Renal injury was evaluated through biochemical analysis and hematoxylin-eosin/Masson staining. Macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in the kidney and/or macrophages were detected by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and/or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Expressions of CASC2, MEF2C, and markers related to inflammation/M1/fibrosis in the kidney/macrophages/fibroblasts were analyzed by qRT-PCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and/or Western blot. RESULT In the kidneys of mice, CASC2 was downregulated and macrophage infiltration was promoted time-dependently from days 3 to 14 post-UUO induction; CASC2 overexpression alleviated renal histological abnormalities, hindered macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization, downregulated renal function markers serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and inflammation/M1/fibrosis-related makers, and offset UUO-induced MEF2C upregulation. LncRNA CASC2 overexpression inhibited fibroblast fibrosis and M1 polarization in cocultured fibroblasts with LPS-activated macrophages. Also, CASC2 bound to MEF2C and inhibited its expression in LPS-activated macrophages. Furthermore, MEF2C reversed the inhibitory effects of lncRNA CASC2 overexpression. CONCLUSION CASC2 alleviates RIF by inhibiting M1 polarization through directly downregulating MEF2C expression. CASC2 might represent a promising value of future investigations on treatment for RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Hu
- Department of Nephrology, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Ma
- Department of Nephrology, HongHui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yali Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Silencing of Long Noncoding RNA TUG1 Ameliorates Atherosclerosis-Induced Myocardial Injury by Upregulating microRNA-30b-3p and Downregulating Brd4. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:45-54. [PMID: 36166514 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long noncoding RNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging biomarkers involved in human diseases, and we focused on the roles of long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) and miR-30b-3p in the related mechanisms of atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury. ApoE-deficient mice were fed with high-fat diet to establish atherosclerotic models and then were subjected to either TUG1 downregulation or miR-30b-3p upregulation treatment. The serum myocardial enzymes, inflammatory biomarkers, pathological changes, intramyocardial macrophage infiltration, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in atherosclerotic mice were determined. The expression of TUG1, miR-30b-3p, and bromodomain protein 4 (Brd4) in atherosclerotic models was evaluated. Moreover, the correlations of TUG1, miR-30b-3p, and Brd4 were verified. TUG1 and Brd4 were increased while miR-30b-3p was decreased in atherosclerotic mice. The silenced TUG1 or elevated miR-30b-3p attenuated atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury mainly by reducing serum myocardial enzyme content and inflammatory response, improving pathological changes, and preventing macrophage infiltration and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in atherosclerotic mice. Mechanistically, TUG1 could competitively bind with miR-30b-3p to prevent the degradation of its target gene Brd4. This study reveals that the silencing of TUG1 ameliorates atherosclerosis-induced myocardial injury by upregulating miR-30b-3p and downregulating Brd4, which may provide novel targets for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Cheng Y, Wu X, Xia Y, Liu W, Wang P. The role of lncRNAs in regulation of DKD and diabetes-related cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1035487. [PMID: 36313695 PMCID: PMC9606714 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1035487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus often results in several complications, such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and end-stage renal diseases (ESRDs). Cancer patients often have the dysregulated glucose metabolism. Abnormal glucose metabolism can enhance the tumor malignant progression. Recently, lncRNAs have been reported to regulate the key proteins and signaling pathways in DKD development and progression and in cancer patients with diabetes. In this review article, we elaborate the evidence to support the function of lncRNAs in development of DKD and diabetes-associated cancer. Moreover, we envisage that lncRNAs could be diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers for DKD and cancer patients with diabetes. Furthermore, we delineated that targeting lncRNAs might be an alternative approach for treating DKD and cancer with dysregulated glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Cheng
- Department of Disease Prevention, Hainan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
- Hainan Clinical Research Center for Preventive Treatment of Diseases, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Yawei Cheng, ; Peter Wang,
| | - Xiaowen Wu
- Department of Disease Prevention, Hainan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Yujie Xia
- Department of Food Science and Technology Centers, National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Zhejiang Zhongwei Medical Research Center, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yawei Cheng, ; Peter Wang,
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Prognostic Value of Serum Interleukin-6, NF- κB plus MCP-1 Assay in Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4428484. [PMID: 35756496 PMCID: PMC9232375 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4428484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the prognostic value of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) assay in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Methods From May 2019 to March 2020, 104 patients with diabetic nephropathy treated in our institution assessed for eligibility were recruited and assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 to either the observation group ([urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER)] of 30 mg-300 mg/24 h) or the research group ([UAER] >300 mg/24 h). IL-6, MCP-1, renal function indices, and NF-κB levels were determined, and their correlation with DN was analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of end-stage renal disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to analyze the predictive value of combined detection of IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB in the prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy. Results The eligible patients with UAER of 30 mg-300 mg/24 h were associated with significantly higher levels of IL-6, MCP-1, NF-κB, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) versus those with UAER >300 mg/24 h (P < 0.05). During the follow-up, a total of 38 patients progressed to end-stage renal diseases. Eligible patients with end-stage renal diseases showed significantly higher serum IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB levels versus those without end-stage renal diseases (P < 0.05). Serum IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB are independent risk factors for the occurrence of end-stage renal disease in patients with diabetic nephropathy. The AUCs of IL-6, MCP-1, and NF-κB for predicting the prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy were 0.562, 0.634, and 0.647, respectively, and the AUC of the three combined detection for predicting the prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy was 0.889. Conclusion Serum IL-6, NF-κB, and MCP-1 levels are closely related to renal injury and poor prognosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and the combined assay is valuable for assessing patients' condition and prognosis.
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Wang R, Zhao J, Wei Q, Wang H, Zhao C, Hu C, Han Y, Hui Z, Yang L, Dai Q, Liu C. Potential of circulating lncRNA CASC2 as a biomarker in reflecting the inflammatory cytokines, multi-organ dysfunction, disease severity, and mortality in sepsis patients. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24569. [PMID: 35754113 PMCID: PMC9396177 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate gene 2 (CASC2) inhibits inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction in various ways. The present study was intended to explore the potency of blood lncRNA CASC2 as a biomarker for sepsis management. METHODS Totally, 184 sepsis patients and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. The reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect lncRNA CASC2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from the subjects. Mortality during 28 days was recorded in sepsis patients. RESULTS LncRNA CASC2 was decreased in sepsis patients [median (interquartile range [IQR]): 0.473 (0.241-0.773)] by comparison to healthy controls [median (IQR): 1.019 (0.676-1.685)] (p < 0.001). In sepsis patients, lncRNA CASC2 was negatively correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) (p = 0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (p < 0.001), SOFA-respiratory system (p = 0.010), SOFA-coagulation (p = 0.020), SOFA-liver (p = 0.019), and SOFA-renal (p = 0.010) scores, but was not related to SOFA-nervous (p = 0.466) and SOFA-cardio vascular system (p = 0.059) scores. Additionally, lncRNA CASC2 was negatively related to tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.024), interleukin (IL)-1β (p = 0.013), and IL-17A (p = 0.002), but was not linked to IL-6 (p = 0.112) or IL-10 (p = 0.074). Furthermore, lncRNA CASC2 was lower in sepsis deaths [median (IQR): 0.286 (0.166-0.475)] than in survivors [median (IQR): 0.534 (0.296-0.811)] (p < 0.001). Simultaneously, Kaplan-Meier (KM) curve analysis also observed that lncRNA CASC2 was inversely related to accumulating mortality in sepsis patients (p = 0.003). While lncRNA CASC2 could independently predict lower mortality risk. CONCLUSION Circulating lncRNA CASC2 inadequacy indicates the release of inflammatory cytokines, severe multi-organ injuries, and increased mortality in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jinglin Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Hui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Qingchun Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Cangzhou Medical College, Cangzhou, China
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Long Noncoding RNA CASC2 Facilitated Wound Healing through miRNA-155/HIF-1α in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:6291497. [PMID: 35845734 PMCID: PMC9249493 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6291497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are among the serious complications which are closely linked to diabetes mellitus. However, there is still a lack of accurate and effective standard prevention and treatment programs for DFU. In this manuscript, we have investigated the function of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2)/miR-155/hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) in the wound healing of DFU. We have analyzed lncRNA CASC2`s expression in the marginal tissues of ulcers in patients and mice with DFU. Additionally, the interaction relationship and mechanism between lncRNA CASC2, miR-155, and HIF-1α were determined, which proved the effects of lncRNA CASC2/miR-155/HIF-1α on fibroblasts apoptosis, proliferation, and migration. According to our study, the lncRNA CASC2's expression was low in the tissues of ulcers of DFU mice and patients. lncRNA CASC2's overexpression promoted fibroblasts migration, proliferation, and inhibited apoptosis and was beneficial for the healing of wounds, preferably in the DFU mice. In addition, lncRNA CASC2 directly targets miR-155 and HIF-1α functions as miR-155's target gene. Overexpression of miR-155 abrogated the function of lncRNA CASC2. Similarly, HIF-1α's inhibition has reversed the effect of miR-155 downregulation on fibroblasts. In general, overexpression of lncRNA CASC2 facilitated wound healing through miR-155/HIF-1α in DFU.
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Wei R, Qiao J, Cui D, Pan Q, Guo L. Screening and Identification of Hub Genes in the Development of Early Diabetic Kidney Disease Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883658. [PMID: 35721731 PMCID: PMC9204256 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to screen key genes in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and predict their biological functions and signaling pathways using bioinformatics analysis of gene chips interrelated to early DKD in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Methods Gene chip data for early DKD was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus expression profile database. We analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between patients with early DKD and healthy controls using the R language. For the screened DEGs, we predicted the biological functions and relevant signaling pathways by enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) biological functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. Using the STRING database and Cytoscape software, we constructed a protein interaction network to screen hub pathogenic genes. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry on kidney specimens from the Beijing Hospital to verify the above findings. Results A total of 267 differential genes were obtained using GSE142025, namely, 176 upregulated and 91 downregulated genes. GO functional annotation enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were mainly involved in immune inflammatory response and cytokine effects. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that C-C receptor interactions and the IL-17 signaling pathway are essential for early DKD. We identified FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and JUN as hub sites of protein interactions using a protein-protein interaction network and module analysis. We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on five samples of early DKD and three normal samples from the Beijing Hospital to label the proteins. This demonstrated that FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and JUN in the early DKD group were significantly downregulated. Conclusion The four hub genes FOS, EGR1, ATF3, and JUN were strongly associated with the infiltration of monocytes, M2 macrophages, and T regulatory cells in early DKD samples. We revealed that the expression of immune response or inflammatory genes was suppressed in early DKD. Meanwhile, the FOS group of low-expression genes showed that the activated biological functions included mRNA methylation, insulin receptor binding, and protein kinase A binding. These genes and pathways may serve as potential targets for treating early DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingtao Qiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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Chu PM, Yu CC, Tsai KL, Hsieh PL. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-Coding RNAs in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020274. [PMID: 35207562 PMCID: PMC8877270 DOI: 10.3390/life12020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a well-known metabolic disorder with numerous complications, such as macrovascular diseases (e.g., coronary heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease), microvascular diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and diabetic cataract), and neuropathy. Multiple contributing factors are implicated in these complications, and the accumulation of oxidative stress is one of the critical ones. Several lines of evidence have suggested that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that eventually contribute to diabetic vascular complications. As one kind of epigenetic regulator involved in various disorders, non-coding RNAs have received great attention over the past few years. Non-coding RNAs can be roughly divided into short (such as microRNAs; ~21–25 nucleotides) or long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs; >200 nucleotides). In this review, we briefly discussed the research regarding the roles of various lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, MEG3, GAS5, SNHG16, CASC2, HOTAIR, in the development of diabetic vascular complications in response to the stimulation of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ming Chu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ling Tsai
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Yang Y, Sun Z, Ren T, Lei W. Differential Expression of lncRNA CASC2 in the Serum of Childhood Asthma and Its Role in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells Proliferation and Migration. J Asthma Allergy 2022; 15:197-207. [PMID: 35185342 PMCID: PMC8847142 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s337236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yane Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhihong Sun, Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, 167 Fang Dong Street, Xi’an, 710038, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-2983553606, Email
| | - Tingting Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang ‘an District Hospital, Xi‘an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Zhu D, Wu X, Xue Q. Long non-coding RNA CASC2 restrains high glucose-induced proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in human glomerular mesangial cells through mediating miR-135a-5p/TIMP3 axis and JNK signaling. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:89. [PMID: 34446088 PMCID: PMC8393478 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common complication of diabetes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) is reported to exert a protective role in DN by a previous study. The working mechanism underlying the protective role of CASC2 in DN progression was further explored in this study. METHODS The expression of CASC2 and microRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation ability was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay and 5-ethynyl-29-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to analyze the production of inflammatory cytokines in the supernatant. Western blot assay was performed to analyze protein expression. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay were performed to verify the target relationship between miR-135a-5p and CASC2 or tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). RESULTS High glucose (HG) treatment reduced the expression of CASC2 in human glomerular mesangial cells (HMCs) in a time-dependent manner. CASC2 overexpression suppressed HG-induced proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in HMCs. miR-135a-5p was validated as a target of CASC2, and CASC2 restrained HG-induced influences in HMCs partly by down-regulating miR-135a-5p. miR-135a-5p bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of TIMP3, and CASC2 positively regulated TIMP3 expression by sponging miR-135a-5p in HMCs. miR-135a-5p silencing inhibited HG-induced effects in HMCs partly by up-regulating its target TIMP3. CASC2 overexpression suppressed HG-induced activation of Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) signaling partly through mediating miR-135a-5p/TIMP3 signaling. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CASC2 alleviated proliferation, inflammation and fibrosis in DN cell model by sponging miR-135a-5p to induce TIMP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xiang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Panzhihua Central Hospital, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
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Liu P, Zhang H, Zeng H, Meng Y, Gao H, Zhang M, Zhao L. LncRNA CASC2 is involved in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via targeting miR-18a-5p/IGF1 axis. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 15:17534666211028072. [PMID: 34266334 PMCID: PMC8290508 DOI: 10.1177/17534666211028072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a systemic disease. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be aberrantly expressed in COPD patients. This study investigated the role of lncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) in COPD, as well as its potential mechanism. METHODS Fifty smokers with COPD and another 50 smokers without COPD were recruited. Receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess the diagnostic value of CASC2 in COPD patients. 16HBE cells were treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to establish a cell model. qRT-PCR was used for the measurement of mRNA levels. The cell viability and apoptosis were detected by using Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect the levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Luciferase reporter assay was performed for the target gene analysis. RESULTS Serum CASC2 was dramatically decreased in COPD patients compared with smokers without COPD, and was positively associated with FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second). Serum CASC2 was overexpressed in severe COPD patients, and had the diagnostic accuracy to distinguish COPD patients from smokers. CASC2 overexpression alleviated CSE-induced apoptosis and inflammation in 16HBE cells. CASC2 functions as a ceRNA of miR-18a-5p. Upregulation of miR-18a-5p reversed the influence of CASC2 on cell apoptosis and inflammation in 16HBE cells. IGF1 was the target gene of miR-18a-5p. CONCLUSION CASC2 was downregulated in COPD patients and it might be a promising biomarker for the disease diagnosis. Overexpression of CASC2 might inhibit the bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis and inflammation via targeting miR-18a-5p/IGF1 axis.The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Huali Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haizhu Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yingxia Meng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, 219 Miao-Pu Road, Shanghai 200315, PR China
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