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Heissler SM, Chinthalapudi K. Structural and functional mechanisms of actin isoforms. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38779987 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved and fundamental protein in eukaryotes and participates in a broad spectrum of cellular functions. Cells maintain a conserved ratio of actin isoforms, with muscle and non-muscle actins representing the main actin isoforms in muscle and non-muscle cells, respectively. Actin isoforms have specific and redundant functional roles and display different biochemistries, cellular localization, and interactions with myosins and actin-binding proteins. Understanding the specific roles of actin isoforms from the structural and functional perspective is crucial for elucidating the intricacies of cytoskeletal dynamics and regulation and their implications in health and disease. Here, we review how the structure contributes to the functional mechanisms of actin isoforms with a special emphasis on the questions of how post-translational modifications and disease-linked mutations affect actin isoforms biochemistry, function, and interaction with actin-binding proteins and myosin motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Chinthalapudi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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2
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Bouti P, Klein BJAM, Verkuijlen PJH, Schornagel K, van Alphen FPJ, Taris KKH, van den Biggelaar M, Hoogendijk AJ, van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. SKAP2 acts downstream of CD11b/CD18 and regulates neutrophil effector function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344761. [PMID: 38487529 PMCID: PMC10937362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophil effector functions is well known. Beyond KINDLIN3 and TALIN1, which are involved in the induction of the high-affinity binding CD11b/CD18 conformation, the signaling pathways that orchestrate this response remain incompletely understood. Method We performed an unbiased screening method for protein selection by biotin identification (BioID) and investigated the KINDLIN3 interactome. We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical tool. Generation of NB4 CD18, KINDLIN3, or SKAP2 knockout neutrophils was achieved using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the cells were examined for their effector function using flow cytometry, live cell imaging, microscopy, adhesion, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Results Among the 325 proteins significantly enriched, we identified Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2), a protein involved in actin polymerization and integrin-mediated outside-in signaling. CD18 immunoprecipitation in primary or NB4 neutrophils demonstrated the presence of SKAP2 in the CD11b/CD18 complex at a steady state. Under this condition, adhesion to plastic, ICAM-1, or fibronectin was observed in the absence of SKAP2, which could be abrogated by blocking the actin rearrangements with latrunculin B. Upon stimulation of NB4 SKAP2-deficient neutrophils, adhesion to fibronectin was enhanced whereas CD18 clustering was strongly reduced. This response corresponded with significantly impaired CD11b/CD18-dependent NADPH oxidase activity, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that SKAP2 has a dual role. It may restrict CD11b/CD18-mediated adhesion only under resting conditions, but its major contribution lies in the regulation of dynamic CD11b/CD18-mediated actin rearrangements and clustering as required for cellular effector functions of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. M. Klein
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. H. Verkuijlen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. van Alphen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees-Karel H. Taris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie J. Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L. Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Bedi A, Choi K, Keane C, Bolger-Munro M, Ambrose AR, Gold MR. WAVE2 Regulates Actin-Dependent Processes Induced by the B Cell Antigen Receptor and Integrins. Cells 2023; 12:2704. [PMID: 38067132 PMCID: PMC10705906 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling induces actin cytoskeleton remodeling by stimulating actin severing, actin polymerization, and the nucleation of branched actin networks via the Arp2/3 complex. This enables B cells to spread on antigen-bearing surfaces in order to increase antigen encounters and to form an immune synapse (IS) when interacting with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although the WASp, N-WASp, and WAVE nucleation-promoting factors activate the Arp2/3 complex, the role of WAVE2 in B cells has not been directly assessed. We now show that both WAVE2 and the Arp2/3 complex localize to the peripheral ring of branched F-actin when B cells spread on immobilized anti-Ig antibodies. The siRNA-mediated depletion of WAVE2 reduced and delayed B cell spreading on immobilized anti-Ig, and this was associated with a thinner peripheral F-actin ring and reduced actin retrograde flow compared to control cells. Depleting WAVE2 also impaired integrin-mediated B cell spreading on fibronectin and the LFA-1-induced formation of actomyosin arcs. Actin retrograde flow amplifies BCR signaling at the IS, and we found that depleting WAVE2 reduced microcluster-based BCR signaling and signal amplification at the IS, as well as B cell activation in response to antigen-bearing cells. Hence, WAVE2 contributes to multiple actin-dependent processes in B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bedi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Connor Keane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Ashley R Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada
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Nunes-Santos CJ, Kuehn H, Boast B, Hwang S, Kuhns DB, Stoddard J, Niemela JE, Fink DL, Pittaluga S, Abu-Asab M, Davies JS, Barr VA, Kawai T, Delmonte OM, Bosticardo M, Garofalo M, Carneiro-Sampaio M, Somech R, Gharagozlou M, Parvaneh N, Samelson LE, Fleisher TA, Puel A, Notarangelo LD, Boisson B, Casanova JL, Derfalvi B, Rosenzweig SD. Inherited ARPC5 mutations cause an actinopathy impairing cell motility and disrupting cytokine signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3708. [PMID: 37349293 PMCID: PMC10287756 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the first cases of germline biallelic null mutations in ARPC5, part of the Arp2/3 actin nucleator complex, in two unrelated patients presenting with recurrent and severe infections, early-onset autoimmunity, inflammation, and dysmorphisms. This defect compromises multiple cell lineages and functions, and when protein expression is reestablished in-vitro, the Arp2/3 complex conformation and functions are rescued. As part of the pathophysiological evaluation, we also show that interleukin (IL)-6 signaling is distinctively impacted in this syndrome. Disruption of IL-6 classical but not trans-signaling highlights their differential roles in the disease and offers perspectives for therapeutic molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane J Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - HyeSun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brigette Boast
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - SuJin Hwang
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Stoddard
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie E Niemela
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Neutrophil Monitoring Laboratory, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biological Imaging Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Davies
- Predictive Toxicology Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valarie A Barr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Garofalo
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Magda Carneiro-Sampaio
- Children's Hospital, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raz Somech
- Pediatric Department A and Immunology Service, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- The Jeffrey Modell Foundation Israeli Network for Primary Immunodeficiency, New York, NY, USA
- Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mohammad Gharagozlou
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Centre, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Fleisher
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Beata Derfalvi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Center, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Massart A, Danger R, Olsen C, Emond MJ, Viklicky O, Jacquemin V, Soblet J, Duerinckx S, Croes D, Perazzolo C, Hruba P, Daneels D, Caljon B, Sever MS, Pascual J, Miglinas M, Pirson I, Ghisdal L, Smits G, Giral M, Abramowicz D, Abramowicz M, Brouard S. An exome-wide study of renal operational tolerance. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:976248. [PMID: 37265662 PMCID: PMC10230038 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.976248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal operational tolerance is a rare and beneficial state of prolonged renal allograft function in the absence of immunosuppression. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesized that tolerance might be driven by inherited protein coding genetic variants with large effect, at least in some patients. Methods We set up a European survey of over 218,000 renal transplant recipients and collected DNAs from 40 transplant recipients who maintained good allograft function without immunosuppression for at least 1 year. We performed an exome-wide association study comparing the distribution of moderate to high impact variants in 36 tolerant patients, selected for genetic homogeneity using principal component analysis, and 192 controls, using an optimal sequence-kernel association test adjusted for small samples. Results We identified rare variants of HOMER2 (3/36, FDR 0.0387), IQCH (5/36, FDR 0.0362), and LCN2 (3/36, FDR 0.102) in 10 tolerant patients vs. 0 controls. One patient carried a variant in both HOMER2 and LCN2. Furthermore, the three genes showed an identical variant in two patients each. The three genes are expressed at the primary cilium, a key structure in immune responses. Conclusion Rare protein coding variants are associated with operational tolerance in a sizable portion of patients. Our findings have important implications for a better understanding of immune tolerance in transplantation and other fields of medicine.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05124444.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Massart
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, CR2TI, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Catharina Olsen
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mary J. Emond
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valérie Jacquemin
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Soblet
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Duerinckx
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Croes
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, Clinique Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Perazzolo
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Dorien Daneels
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Caljon
- Brussels Interuniversity Genomics High Throughput Core (BRIGHTcore), VUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Reproduction and Genetics, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mehmet Sukru Sever
- Istanbul Tip Fakültesi, Istanbul School of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Julio Pascual
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital del Mar, Institute Mar for Medical Research, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marius Miglinas
- Nephrology Center, Santaros Klinikos, Medical Faculty, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Isabelle Pirson
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lidia Ghisdal
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Centre EpiCURA, Baudour, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, ULB Center of Human Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Magali Giral
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, CR2TI, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Abramowicz
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital and Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marc Abramowicz
- Human Genetics Unit, Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Université Libre de Bruxelles - Vrije Universiteit Brussel (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Geneve, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, CR2TI, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- CHU Nantes, Centre d'Investigation Clinique en Biothérapie, Centre de Ressources Biologiques (CRB), Nantes, France
- LabEx IGO “Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology”, Nantes, France
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Hsu AP. Not too little, not too much: the impact of mutation types in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and RAC2 patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 212:137-146. [PMID: 36617178 PMCID: PMC10128166 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary immune deficiencies (PIDs) are genetic disorders impacting the appropriate development or functioning of any portion of the immune system. The broad adoption of high-throughput sequencing has driven discovery of new genes as well as expanded phenotypes associated with known genes. Beginning with the identification of WAS mutations in patients with severe Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, recognition of WAS mutations in additional patients has revealed phenotypes including isolated thrombocytopenia and X-linked neutropenia. Likewise RAC2 patients present with vastly different phenotypes depending on the mutation-ranging from reticular dysgenesis or severe neutrophil dysfunction with neonatal presentation to later onset common variable immune deficiency. This review examines genotype-phenotype correlations in patients with WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome) and RAC2 mutations, highlighting functional protein domains, how mutations alter protein interactions, and how specific mutations can affect isolated functions of the protein leading to disparate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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7
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Vieira RC, Pinho LG, Westerberg LS. Understanding immunoactinopathies: A decade of research on WAS gene defects. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2023; 34:e13951. [PMID: 37102395 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunoactinopathies caused by mutations in actin-related proteins are a growing group of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Immunoactinopathies are caused by a dysregulated actin cytoskeleton and affect hematopoietic cells especially because of their unique capacity to survey the body for invading pathogens and altered self, such as cancer cells. These cell motility and cell-to-cell interaction properties depend on the dynamic nature of the actin cytoskeleton. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is the archetypical immunoactinopathy and the first described. WAS is caused by loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations in the actin regulator WASp, uniquely expressed in hematopoietic cells. Mutations in WAS cause a profound disturbance of actin cytoskeleton regulation of hematopoietic cells. Studies during the last 10 years have shed light on the specific effects on different hematopoietic cells, revealing that they are not affected equally by mutations in the WAS gene. Moreover, the mechanistic understanding of how WASp controls nuclear and cytoplasmatic activities may help to find therapeutic alternatives according to the site of the mutation and clinical phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent findings that have added to the complexity and increased our understanding of WAS-related diseases and immunoactinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhaissa Calixto Vieira
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lia Goncalves Pinho
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Deciphering actin remodelling in immune cells through the prism of actin-related inborn errors of immunity. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151283. [PMID: 36525824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton remodelling drives cell motility, cell to cell contacts, as well as membrane and organelle dynamics. Those cellular activities operate at a particularly high pace in immune cells since these cells migrate through various tissues, interact with multiple cellular partners, ingest microorganisms and secrete effector molecules. The central and multifaceted role of actin cytoskeleton remodelling in sustaining immune cell tasks in humans is highlighted by rare inborn errors of immunity due to mutations in genes encoding proximal and distal actin regulators. In line with the specificity of some of the actin-based processes at work in immune cells, the expression of some of the affected genes, such as WAS, ARPC1B and HEM1 is restricted to the hematopoietic compartment. Exploration of these natural deficiencies highlights the fact that the molecular control of actin remodelling is tuned distinctly in the various subsets of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells and sustains different networks associated with a vast array of specialized tasks. Furthermore, defects in individual actin remodelling proteins are usually associated with partial cellular impairments highlighting the plasticity of actin cytoskeleton remodelling. This review covers the roles of disease-associated actin regulators in promoting the actin-based processes of immune cells. It focuses on the specific molecular function of those regulators across various immune cell subsets and in response to different stimuli. Given the fact that numerous immune-related actin defects have only been characterized recently, we further discuss the challenges lying ahead to decipher the underlying patho-mechanisms.
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Özcan A, Boyman O. Mechanisms regulating neutrophil responses in immunity, allergy, and autoimmunity. Allergy 2022; 77:3567-3583. [PMID: 36067034 PMCID: PMC10087481 DOI: 10.1111/all.15505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil granulocytes, or neutrophils, are the most abundant circulating leukocytes in humans and indispensable for antimicrobial immunity, as exemplified in patients with inborn and acquired defects of neutrophils. Neutrophils were long regarded as the foot soldiers of the immune system, solely destined to execute a set of effector functions against invading pathogens before undergoing apoptosis, the latter of which was ascribed to their short life span. This simplistic understanding of neutrophils has now been revised on the basis of insights gained from the use of mouse models and single-cell high-throughput techniques, revealing tissue- and context-specific roles of neutrophils in guiding immune responses. These studies also demonstrated that neutrophil responses were controlled by sophisticated feedback mechanisms, including directed chemotaxis of neutrophils to tissue-draining lymph nodes resulting in modulation of antimicrobial immunity and inflammation. Moreover, findings in mice and humans showed that neutrophil responses adapted to different deterministic cytokine signals, which controlled their migration and effector function as well as, notably, their biologic clock by affecting the kinetics of their aging. These mechanistic insights have important implications for health and disease in humans, particularly, in allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma bronchiale, as well as in autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Hence, our improved understanding of neutrophils sheds light on novel therapeutic avenues, focusing on molecularly defined biologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaz Özcan
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Autoimmune and autoinflammatory manifestations in inborn errors of immunity. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 22:343-351. [PMID: 36165421 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Autoimmune and inflammatory complications have been shown to arise in all age groups and across the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI). This review aims to highlight recent ground-breaking research and its impact on our understanding of IEI. RECENT FINDINGS Three registry-based studies of unprecedented size revealed the high prevalence of autoimmune, inflammatory and malignant complications in IEI. Two novel IEI were discovered: an autoinflammatory relopathy, cleavage-resistant RIPK1-induced autoinflammatory syndrome, as well as an inheritable phenocopy of PD-1 blockade-associated complication (as seen in cancer therapy) manifesting with multiorgan autoimmunity and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. A study examining patients with partial RAG deficiency pinpointed the specific defects leading to the failure of central and peripheral tolerance resulting in wide-ranging autoimmunity. A novel variant of Immunodeficiency Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked syndrome was described, associated with preferential expression of a FOXP3 isoform lacking exon 2, linking exon-specific functions and the phenotypes corresponding to their absence. Lastly, we touch on recent findings pertaining actinopathies, the prototypical IEI with autoimmune, inflammatory and atopic complications. SUMMARY Dysregulated immunity has been associated with IEI since their discovery. Recently, large concerted efforts have shown how common these complications actually are while providing insight into normal and dysregulated molecular mechanisms, as well as describing novel diseases.
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11
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Wu S, Pushalkar S, Maity S, Pressler M, Rendleman J, Vitrinel B, Carlock M, Ross T, Choi H, Vogel C. Proteomic Signatures of the Serological Response to Influenza Vaccination in a Large Human Cohort Study. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112479. [PMID: 36366577 PMCID: PMC9696600 DOI: 10.3390/v14112479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The serological response to the influenza virus vaccine is highly heterogeneous for reasons that are not entirely clear. While the impact of demographic factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), sex, prior vaccination and titer levels are known to impact seroconversion, they only explain a fraction of the response. To identify signatures of the vaccine response, we analyzed 273 protein levels from 138 serum samples of influenza vaccine recipients (2019-2020 season). We found that levels of proteins functioning in cholesterol transport were positively associated with seroconversion, likely linking to the known impact of BMI. When adjusting seroconversion for the demographic factors, we identified additional, unexpected signatures: proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics were significantly elevated in participants with high adjusted seroconversion. Viral strain specific analysis showed that this trend was largely driven by the H3N2 strain. Further, we identified complex associations between adjusted seroconversion and other factors: levels of proteins of the complement system associated positively with adjusted seroconversion in younger participants, while they were associated negatively in the older population. We observed the opposite trends for proteins of high density lipoprotein remodeling, transcription, and hemostasis. In sum, careful integrative modeling can extract new signatures of seroconversion from highly variable data that suggest links between the humoral response as well as immune cell communication and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohuan Wu
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.V.)
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS)-Pilani (Hyderabad Campus), Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Matthew Pressler
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Justin Rendleman
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Burcu Vitrinel
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Michael Carlock
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Ted Ross
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Christine Vogel
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
- Correspondence: (S.W.); (C.V.)
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12
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Li Y, Chen M, Chang W. Roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:771-783. [PMID: 35916042 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0622-473rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes patrol our bodies in search of pathogens and migrate to sites of injury in response to various stimuli. Rapid and directed leukocyte motility is therefore crucial to our immunity. The nucleus is the largest and stiffest cellular organelle and a mechanical obstacle for migration through constrictions. However, the nucleus is also essential for 3D cell migration. Here, we review the roles of the nucleus in leukocyte migration, focusing on how cells deform their nuclei to aid cell motility and the contributions of the nucleus to cell migration. We discuss the regulation of the nuclear biomechanics by the nuclear lamina and how it, together with the cytoskeleton, modulates the shapes of leukocyte nuclei. We then summarize the functions of nesprins and SUN proteins in leukocytes and discuss how forces are exerted on the nucleus. Finally, we examine the mechanical roles of the nucleus in cell migration, including its roles in regulating the direction of migration and path selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Mengqi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wakam Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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13
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Chiriaco M, Ursu GM, Amodio D, Cotugno N, Volpi S, Berardinelli F, Pizzi S, Cifaldi C, Zoccolillo M, Prigione I, Di Cesare S, Giancotta C, Anastasio E, Rivalta B, Pacillo L, Zangari P, Fiocchi AG, Diociaiuti A, Bruselles A, Pantaleoni F, Ciolfi A, D’Oria V, Palumbo G, Gattorno M, El Hachem M, de Villartay JP, Finocchi A, Palma P, Rossi P, Tartaglia M, Aiuti A, Antoccia A, Di Matteo G, Cancrini C. Radiosensitivity in patients affected by ARPC1B deficiency: a new disease trait? Front Immunol 2022; 13:919237. [PMID: 35967303 PMCID: PMC9372879 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B (ARPC1B) deficiency is a recently described inborn error of immunity (IEI) presenting with combined immunodeficiency and characterized by recurrent infections and thrombocytopenia. Manifestations of immune dysregulation, including colitis, vasculitis, and severe dermatitis, associated with eosinophilia, hyper-IgA, and hyper-IgE are also described in ARPC1B-deficient patients. To date, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation seems to be the only curative option for patients. ARPC1B is part of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3) and cooperates with the Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton remodeling and in driving double-strand break clustering for homology-directed repair. In this study, we aimed to investigate radiosensitivity (RS) in ARPC1B-deficient patients to assess whether it can be considered an additional disease trait. First, we performed trio-based next-generation-sequencing studies to obtain the ARPC1B molecular diagnosis in our index case characterized by increased RS, and then we confirmed, using three different methods, an increment of radiosensitivity in all enrolled ARPC1B-deficient patients. In particular, higher levels of chromatid-type aberrations and γH2AX foci, with an increased number of cells arrested in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, were found in patients’ cells after ionizing radiation exposition and radiomimetic bleomycin treatment. Overall, our data suggest increased radiosensitivity as an additional trait in ARPC1B deficiency and support the necessity to investigate this feature in ARPC1B patients as well as in other IEI with cytoskeleton defects to address specific clinical follow-up and optimize therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiriaco
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgiana Madalina Ursu
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Berardinelli
- Laboratory of Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cifaldi
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoccolillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ignazia Prigione
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Cesare
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Giancotta
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Anastasio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Pediatrics Unit, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rivalta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pacillo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Zangari
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro G. Fiocchi
- Pediatric Allergology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Diociaiuti
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bruselles
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pantaleoni
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina D’Oria
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palumbo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Haematology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS) Istituto Giannina Gaslini and University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maya El Hachem
- Dermatology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre de Villartay
- Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, Laboratory “Genome Dynamics in the Immune System”, INSERM UMR 1163, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Finocchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Palma
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Academic Department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gigliola Di Matteo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gigliola Di Matteo, ; Caterina Cancrini, ;
| | - Caterina Cancrini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Academic department of Pediatrics, Research Unit of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Gigliola Di Matteo, ; Caterina Cancrini, ;
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14
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Cook S, Lenardo MJ, Freeman AF. HEM1 Actin Immunodysregulatory Disorder: Genotypes, Phenotypes, and Future Directions. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1583-1592. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCells of the innate and adaptive immune systems depend on proper actin dynamics to control cell behavior for effective immune responses. Dysregulated actin networks are known to play a pathogenic role in an increasing number of inborn errors of immunity. The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) mediates branched actin polymerization, a process required for key cellular functions including migration, phagocytosis, vesicular transport, and immune synapse formation. Recent reports of pathogenic variants in NCKAP1L, a hematopoietically restricted gene encoding the HEM1 protein component of the WRC, defined a novel disease involving recurrent bacterial and viral infections, autoimmunity, and excessive inflammation (OMIM 141180). This review summarizes the diverse clinical presentations and immunological phenotypes observed in HEM1-deficient patients. In addition, we integrate the pathophysiological mechanisms described in current literature and highlight the outstanding questions for diagnosis and management of the HEM1 actin immunodysregulatory disorder.
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15
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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16
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Cavannaugh C, Ochs HD, Buchbinder D. Diagnosis and clinical management of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: current and emerging techniques. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:609-623. [PMID: 35533396 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2074400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) serves as the prototype of how variants in a gene which encodes a protein central to actin cytoskeletal homeostasis can manifest clinically in a variety of ways including infection, atopy, autoimmunity, inflammation, bleeding, neutropenia, non-malignant lymphoproliferation, and malignancy. Despite the discovery of the WAS gene almost 30 years ago, our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying WAS continues to unfold. AREAS COVERED This review will provide an overview of the approach to the diagnosis of WAS as well as the management of its associated complications. Advances in the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapy as well as the associated challenges unique to WAS will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION Basic research, combined with clinical research focusing on longitudinal analysis of WAS patients, will help clarify determinants that influence WAS pathogenesis as well as clinical complications and outcomes. Advances in curative approaches including the use of alternative donor HSCT for WAS continue to evolve. Gene therapy employing safer and more effective protocols ensuring full correction of WAS will provide life-saving benefit to WAS patients that are unable to undergo HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Cavannaugh
- Department of Pediatrics University of California at Irvine 333 The City Blvd. West Suite 800 Orange, CA 92868
| | - Hans D Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington and Seattle Children's Research Institute Seattle, WA 98105
| | - David Buchbinder
- Division of Hematology Children's Hospital of Orange County 1201 La Veta Avenue Orange, CA 92868
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17
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Margraf A, Lowell CA, Zarbock A. Neutrophils in acute inflammation: current concepts and translational implications. Blood 2022; 139:2130-2144. [PMID: 34624098 PMCID: PMC9728535 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of neutrophil recruitment and function is crucial for targeting inflammatory cells to sites of infection to combat invading pathogens while, at the same time, limiting host tissue injury or autoimmunity. The underlying mechanisms regulating recruitment of neutrophils, 1 of the most abundant inflammatory cells, have gained increasing interest over the years. The previously described classical recruitment cascade of leukocytes has been extended to include capturing, rolling, adhesion, crawling, and transmigration, as well as a reverse-transmigration step that is crucial for balancing immune defense and control of remote organ endothelial leakage. Current developments in the field emphasize the importance of cellular interplay, tissue environmental cues, circadian rhythmicity, detection of neutrophil phenotypes, differential chemokine sensing, and contribution of distinct signaling components to receptor activation and integrin conformations. The use of therapeutics modulating neutrophil activation responses, as well as mutations causing dysfunctional neutrophil receptors and impaired signaling cascades, have been defined in translational animal models. Human correlates of such mutations result in increased susceptibility to infections or organ damage. This review focuses on current advances in the understanding of the regulation of neutrophil recruitment and functionality and translational implications of current discoveries in the field with a focus on acute inflammation and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Margraf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
- William Harvey Research Institute, Bart's and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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18
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Hsu AP, Holland SM. Host genetics of innate immune system in infection. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 74:140-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps requires actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Blood 2022; 139:3166-3180. [PMID: 35030250 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021013565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important effector cells in the host defense against invading micro-organisms. One of the mechanisms they employ to eliminate pathogens is the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although NET release and subsequent cell death known as NETosis have been intensively studied, the cellular components and factors determining or facilitating the formation of NETs remain incompletely understood. Using various actin polymerization and myosin II modulators on neutrophils from healthy individuals, we show that intact F-actin dynamics and myosin II function are essential for NET formation when induced by different stimuli, i.e. phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, monosodium urate crystals and Candida albicans. The role of actin polymerization in NET formation could not be explained by the lack of reactive oxygen species production or granule release, which were normal or enhanced under the given conditions. Neutrophils from patients with very rare inherited actin polymerization defects by either ARPC1B- or MKL1-deficiency also failed to show NETosis. We found that upon inhibition of actin dynamics there is a lack of translocation of NE to the nucleus, which may well explain the impaired NET formation. Collectively, our data illustrate the essential requirement of an intact and active actin polymerization process, as well as active myosin II to enable the release of nuclear DNA by neutrophils during NET formation.
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20
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Satooka H, Matsui M, Ichioka S, Nakamura Y, Hirata T. The ERM protein moesin regulates natural killer cell homeostasis in vivo. Cell Immunol 2021; 371:104456. [PMID: 34798556 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Moesin is a member of the ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family of proteins that link plasma membrane proteins with actin filaments in the cell cortex. Hemizygous mutations in the X-linked moesin gene are associated with primary immunodeficiency with T and B cell lymphopenia, which also affects natural killer (NK) cells in most cases. We previously showed that moesin deficiency in mice substantially affects lymphocyte homeostasis, but its impact on NK cells remains unexplored. Here, we found that in moesin-deficient mice, NK cells were decreased in the peripheral blood and bone marrow but increased in the spleen. Analysis of female heterozygous mice showed a selective advantage for moesin-expressing NK cells in the blood. Moesin-deficient NK cells exhibited increased cell death and impaired signaling in response to IL-15, suggesting that moesin regulates NK cell survival through IL-15-mediated signaling. Our findings thus identify moesin as an NK cell homeostasis regulator in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Matsui
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Satoko Ichioka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yuzuki Nakamura
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
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21
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Deretic N, Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Abraham L, Gold MR. The Actin-Disassembly Protein Glia Maturation Factor γ Enhances Actin Remodeling and B Cell Antigen Receptor Signaling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647063. [PMID: 34336818 PMCID: PMC8318000 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling by the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) initiates actin remodeling. The assembly of branched actin networks that are nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex exert outward force on the plasma membrane, allowing B cells to form membrane protrusions that can scan the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The resulting Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin retrograde flow promotes the centripetal movement and progressive coalescence of BCR microclusters, which amplifies BCR signaling. Glia maturation factor γ (GMFγ) is an actin disassembly-protein that releases Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin filaments from actin networks. By doing so, GMFγ could either oppose the actions of the Arp2/3 complex or support Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin polymerization by contributing to the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. We now show that reducing the levels of GMFγ in human B cell lines via transfection with a specific siRNA impairs the ability of B cells to spread on antigen-coated surfaces, decreases the velocity of actin retrograde flow, diminishes the coalescence of BCR microclusters into a central cluster at the B cell-APC contact site, and decreases APC-induced BCR signaling. These effects of depleting GMFγ are similar to what occurs when the Arp2/3 complex is inhibited. This suggests that GMFγ cooperates with the Arp2/3 complex to support BCR-induced actin remodeling and amplify BCR signaling at the immune synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Libin Abraham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Bhanja A, Rey-Suarez I, Song W, Upadhyaya A. Bidirectional feedback between BCR signaling and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. FEBS J 2021; 289:4430-4446. [PMID: 34124846 PMCID: PMC8669062 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
When B cells are exposed to antigens, they use their B-cell receptors (BCRs) to transduce this external signal into internal signaling cascades and uptake antigen, which activate transcriptional programs. Signaling activation requires complex cytoskeletal remodeling initiated by BCR signaling. The actin cytoskeletal remodeling drives B-cell morphological changes, such as spreading, protrusion, contraction, and endocytosis of antigen by mechanical forces, which in turn affect BCR signaling. Therefore, the relationship between the actin cytoskeleton and BCR signaling is a two-way feedback loop. These morphological changes represent the indirect ways by which the actin cytoskeleton regulates BCR signaling. Recent studies using high spatiotemporal resolution microscopy techniques have revealed that actin also can directly influence BCR signaling. Cortical actin networks directly affect BCR mobility, not only during the resting stage by serving as diffusion barriers, but also at the activation stage by altering BCR diffusivity through enhanced actin flow velocities. Furthermore, the actin cytoskeleton, along with myosin, enables B cells to sense the physical properties of its environment and generate and transmit forces through the BCR. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton modulates the signaling threshold of BCR to antigenic stimulation. This review discusses the latest research on the relationship between BCR signaling and actin remodeling, and the research techniques. Exploration of the role of actin in BCR signaling will expand fundamental understanding of the relationship between cell signaling and the cytoskeleton and the mechanisms underlying cytoskeleton-related immune disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Bhanja
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Rey-Suarez
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Wenxia Song
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Arpita Upadhyaya
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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23
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Bolger-Munro M, Choi K, Cheung F, Liu YT, Dang-Lawson M, Deretic N, Keane C, Gold MR. The Wdr1-LIMK-Cofilin Axis Controls B Cell Antigen Receptor-Induced Actin Remodeling and Signaling at the Immune Synapse. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649433. [PMID: 33928084 PMCID: PMC8076898 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
When B cells encounter membrane-bound antigens, the formation and coalescence of B cell antigen receptor (BCR) microclusters amplifies BCR signaling. The ability of B cells to probe the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and respond to APC-bound antigens requires remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Initial BCR signaling stimulates actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization, which drives B cell spreading as well as the centripetal movement and coalescence of BCR microclusters at the B cell-APC synapse. Sustained actin polymerization depends on concomitant actin filament depolymerization, which enables the recycling of actin monomers and Arp2/3 complexes. Cofilin-mediated severing of actin filaments is a rate-limiting step in the morphological changes that occur during immune synapse formation. Hence, regulators of cofilin activity such as WD repeat-containing protein 1 (Wdr1), LIM domain kinase (LIMK), and coactosin-like 1 (Cotl1) may also be essential for actin-dependent processes in B cells. Wdr1 enhances cofilin-mediated actin disassembly. Conversely, Cotl1 competes with cofilin for binding to actin and LIMK phosphorylates cofilin and prevents it from binding to actin filaments. We now show that Wdr1 and LIMK have distinct roles in BCR-induced assembly of the peripheral actin structures that drive B cell spreading, and that cofilin, Wdr1, and LIMK all contribute to the actin-dependent amplification of BCR signaling at the immune synapse. Depleting Cotl1 had no effect on these processes. Thus, the Wdr1-LIMK-cofilin axis is critical for BCR-induced actin remodeling and for B cell responses to APC-bound antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Bolger-Munro
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kate Choi
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faith Cheung
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi Tian Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - May Dang-Lawson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nikola Deretic
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Connor Keane
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Gold
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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24
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Rispoli F, Valencic E, Girardelli M, Pin A, Tesser A, Piscianz E, Boz V, Faletra F, Severini GM, Taddio A, Tommasini A. Immunity and Genetics at the Revolving Doors of Diagnostics in Primary Immunodeficiencies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:532. [PMID: 33809703 PMCID: PMC8002250 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a large and growing group of disorders commonly associated with recurrent infections. However, nowadays, we know that PIDs often carry with them consequences related to organ or hematologic autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and lymphoproliferation in addition to simple susceptibility to pathogens. Alongside this conceptual development, there has been technical advancement, given by the new but already established diagnostic possibilities offered by new genetic testing (e.g., next-generation sequencing). Nevertheless, there is also the need to understand the large number of gene variants detected with these powerful methods. That means advancing beyond genetic results and resorting to the clinical phenotype and to immunological or alternative molecular tests that allow us to prove the causative role of a genetic variant of uncertain significance and/or better define the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. Furthermore, because of the rapid availability of results, laboratory immunoassays are still critical to diagnosing many PIDs, even in screening settings. Fundamental is the integration between different specialties and the development of multidisciplinary and flexible diagnostic workflows. This paper aims to tell these evolving aspects of immunodeficiencies, which are summarized in five key messages, through introducing and exemplifying five clinical cases, focusing on diseases that could benefit targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Rispoli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Erica Valencic
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Martina Girardelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alessia Pin
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alessandra Tesser
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Elisa Piscianz
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Valentina Boz
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Department of Diagnostics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Maria Severini
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Andrea Taddio
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Alberto Tommasini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (F.R.); (V.B.); (A.T.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy; (M.G.); (A.P.); (A.T.); (E.P.); (G.M.S.)
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25
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Sprenkeler EGG, Guenther C, Faisal I, Kuijpers TW, Fagerholm SC. Molecular Mechanisms of Leukocyte Migration and Its Potential Targeting-Lessons Learned From MKL1/SRF-Related Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:615477. [PMID: 33692789 PMCID: PMC7938309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.615477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) deficiency is one of the most recently discovered primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) caused by cytoskeletal abnormalities. These immunological “actinopathies” primarily affect hematopoietic cells, resulting in defects in both the innate immune system (phagocyte defects) and adaptive immune system (T-cell and B-cell defects). MKL1 is a transcriptional coactivator that operates together with serum response factor (SRF) to regulate gene transcription. The MKL/SRF pathway has been originally described to have important functions in actin regulation in cells. Recent results indicate that MKL1 also has very important roles in immune cells, and that MKL1 deficiency results in an immunodeficiency affecting the migration and function of primarily myeloid cells such as neutrophils. Interestingly, several actinopathies are caused by mutations in genes which are recognized MKL(1/2)-dependent SRF-target genes, namely ACTB, WIPF1, WDR1, and MSN. Here we summarize these and related (ARPC1B) actinopathies and their effects on immune cell function, especially focusing on their effects on leukocyte adhesion and migration. Furthermore, we summarize recent therapeutic efforts targeting the MKL/SRF pathway in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien G G Sprenkeler
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla Guenther
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imrul Faisal
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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26
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Herwald H, Egesten A. Skeletons in the Cupboard of Dysfunctional Neutrophils Revealed. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:1-2. [PMID: 33477160 DOI: 10.1159/000514456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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27
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Venegas-Montoya E, Staines-Boone AT, Sánchez-Sánchez LM, García-Campos JA, Córdova-Gurrola RA, Salazar-Galvez Y, Múzquiz-Zermeño D, González-Serrano ME, Lugo Reyes SO. Case Report: DOCK8 Deficiency Without Hyper-IgE in a Child With a Large Deletion. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:635322. [PMID: 34195158 PMCID: PMC8236627 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.635322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive (AR) DOCK8 deficiency is a well-known actinopathy, a combined primary immune deficiency with impaired actin polymerization that results in altered cell mobility and immune synapse. DOCK8-deficient patients present early in life with eczema, viral cutaneous infections, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, bacterial pneumonia, and abscesses, together with eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, lymphopenia, and variable dysgammaglobulinemia that usually includes Hyper-IgE. In fact, before its genetic etiology was known, patients were described as having a form of Hyper-IgE syndrome, a name now deprecated in favor of genetic defects. We describe a school-age male patient with a clinical picture suggestive of DOCK8 deficiency, except for high serum IgE or a family history: early onset, failure to thrive, eczema, warts, condyloma, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, recurrent otitis media, bronchiectasis, candidiasis, leukocytosis, eosinophilia, high IgA, low IgG, and low CD4+ T cells. We were able to confirm the diagnosis through protein expression and whole-exome sequencing. We review the clinical, laboratory, and genetic features of 200 DOCK8-deficient patients; at least 4 other patients have had no elevated IgE, and about 40% do not have Hyper-IgE (above 1,000 IU/mL). Despite this, the constellation of signs, symptoms, and findings allow the suspicion of DOCK8 deficiency and other actinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Venegas-Montoya
- Immunology Service, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Aidé Tamara Staines-Boone
- Immunology Service, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Luz María Sánchez-Sánchez
- Pediatrics Service, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jorge Alberto García-Campos
- Infectious Disease Department, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Yuridia Salazar-Galvez
- Immunology Service, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - David Múzquiz-Zermeño
- Immunology Service, Hospital de Especialidades Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad (UMAE) 25 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Saul O Lugo Reyes
- Immunodeficiencies Lab, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
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