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Zhang C, Shao Q, Zhang Y, Liu W, Kang J, Jin Z, Huang N, Ning B. Therapeutic application of nicotinamide: As a potential target for inhibiting fibrotic scar formation following spinal cord injury. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14826. [PMID: 38973179 PMCID: PMC11228357 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM We aimed to confirm the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on fibrotic scar formation following spinal cord injury in mice using functional metabolomics. METHODS We proposed a novel functional metabolomics strategy to establish correlations between gene expression changes and metabolic phenotypes using integrated multi-omics analysis. Through the integration of quantitative metabolites analysis and assessments of differential gene expression, we identified nicotinamide as a functional metabolite capable of inhibiting fibrotic scar formation and confirmed the effect in vivo using a mouse model of spinal cord injury. Furthermore, to mimic fibrosis models in vitro, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts and spinal cord fibroblasts were stimulated by TGFβ, and the influence of nicotinamide on TGFβ-induced fibrosis-associated genes and its underlying mechanism were examined. RESULTS Administration of nicotinamide led to a reduction in fibrotic lesion area and promoted functional rehabilitation following spinal cord injury. Nicotinamide effectively downregulated the expression of fibrosis genes, including Col1α1, Vimentin, Col4α1, Col1α2, Fn1, and Acta2, by repressing the TGFβ/SMADs pathway. CONCLUSION Our functional metabolomics strategy identified nicotinamide as a metabolite with the potential to inhibit fibrotic scar formation following SCI by suppressing the TGFβ/SMADs signaling. This finding provides new therapeutic strategies and new ideas for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiang Shao
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jianning Kang
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengxin Jin
- Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nana Huang
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Ning
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yang Y, Huang J, Xie L, Wang Y, Guo S, Wang M, Shao X, Liu W, Wang Y, Li Q, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zeng F, Gong W. Nicotinamide protects against diabetic kidney disease through regulation of Sirt1. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-024-03721-7. [PMID: 38446387 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03721-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of nicotinamide (Nam) on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in mice and explore its mechanism. METHODS Thirty DBA/2 J mice were randomly assigned to three groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia induced by streptozocin (STZ), Nam and saline were administrated to STZ + Nam and STZ + NS mice, respectively, for 8 weeks. Non-diabetic mice (NDM) were used as control group. Twenty In2-/- Akita mice were randomly divided into two groups. After 8 weeks of hyperglycemia, Nam and saline were administered to Akita + Nam and Akita + NS mice, respectively, for 6 weeks. Wild-type littermates were used as control group. Markers of renal injury were analyzed, and the molecular mechanisms were explored in human proximal tubular HK2 cells. RESULTS Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) decreased in the STZ + Nam and Akita + Nam groups. Pathological analysis showed that Nam improved the structure of glomerular basement membrane, ameliorated glomerular sclerosis, and decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix and collagen. Compared to the diabetic control group, renal fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were reduced in the Nam-treated mice. The expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) in human proximal tubular HK2 cells was inhibited by high glucose and Nam treatment enhanced its expression. However, in HK2 cells with Sirt1 knockdown, the protective effect of Nam was abolished, indicating that the beneficial effect of Nam was partially dependent on Sirt1. CONCLUSIONS Nam has a renoprotective effect against renal injury caused by hyperglycemia and may be a potential target for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jinya Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lijie Xie
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jing'an District Center Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jones BA, Gisch DL, Myakala K, Sadiq A, Cheng YH, Taranenko E, Panov J, Korolowicz K, Wang X, Rosenberg AZ, Jain S, Eadon MT, Levi M. Nicotinamide riboside activates renal metabolism and protects the kidney in a model of Alport syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.580911. [PMID: 38464264 PMCID: PMC10925224 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.580911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with renal metabolic disturbances, including impaired fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) is a small molecule that participates in hundreds of metabolism-related reactions. NAD + levels are decreased in CKD, and NAD + supplementation is protective. However, both the mechanism of how NAD + supplementation protects from CKD, as well as the cell types most responsible, are poorly understood. Using a mouse model of Alport syndrome, we show that nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD + precursor, stimulates renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling and restores FAO in the proximal tubules, thereby protecting from CKD in both sexes. Bulk RNA-sequencing shows that renal metabolic pathways are impaired in Alport mice and dramatically activated by NR in both sexes. These transcriptional changes are confirmed by orthogonal imaging techniques and biochemical assays. Single nuclei RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, both the first of their kind from Alport mice, show that NAD + supplementation restores FAO in the proximal tubules with minimal effects on the podocytes. Finally, we also report, for the first time, sex differences at the transcriptional level in this Alport model. Male Alport mice had more severe inflammation and fibrosis than female mice at the transcriptional level. In summary, the data herein identify both the protective mechanism and location of NAD + supplementation in this model of CKD.
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Chini CCS, Cordeiro HS, Tran NLK, Chini EN. NAD metabolism: Role in senescence regulation and aging. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13920. [PMID: 37424179 PMCID: PMC10776128 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The geroscience hypothesis proposes that addressing the biology of aging could directly prevent the onset or mitigate the severity of multiple chronic diseases. Understanding the interplay between key aspects of the biological hallmarks of aging is essential in delivering the promises of the geroscience hypothesis. Notably, the nucleotide nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) interfaces with several biological hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence, and changes in NAD metabolism have been shown to be involved in the aging process. The relationship between NAD metabolism and cellular senescence appears to be complex. On the one hand, the accumulation of DNA damage and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by low NAD+ can promote the development of senescence. On the other hand, the low NAD+ state that occurs during aging may inhibit SASP development as this secretory phenotype and the development of cellular senescence are both highly metabolically demanding. However, to date, the impact of NAD+ metabolism on the progression of the cellular senescence phenotype has not been fully characterized. Therefore, to explore the implications of NAD metabolism and NAD replacement therapies, it is essential to consider their interactions with other hallmarks of aging, including cellular senescence. We propose that a comprehensive understanding of the interplay between NAD boosting strategies and senolytic agents is necessary to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Christiano Silva Chini
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Heidi Soares Cordeiro
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ngan Le Kim Tran
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science and Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineRochesterMinnesotaUSA
- Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Center on Aging, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineMayo Clinic College of MedicineJacksonvilleFloridaUSA
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Gao L, Huang X, Deng R, Wu S, Peng Y, Xiong G, Lu J, Liu X. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula alleviates renal fibrosis by restoring NAD+ biosynthesis in vivo and in vitro. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 16:106-128. [PMID: 38157259 PMCID: PMC10817388 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) lack efficacious treatment. Jian-Pi-Yi-Shen formula (JPYSF) has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in treating CKD for decades. However, its renoprotective mechanism has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine whether JPYSF could delay renal fibrosis progression in CKD by restoring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis. METHODS Adenine-diet feeding was used to model CKD in C57BL/6 mice. JPYSF was orally administered for 4 weeks. Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) with or without JPYSF treatment. Renal function of mice was assessed by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Renal histopathological changes were assessed using Periodic acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome staining. Cell viability was assessed using a cell counting kit-8 assay. NAD+ concentrations were detected by a NAD+/NADH assay kit. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were employed to examine fibrosis-related proteins and key NAD+ biosynthesis enzymes expression in the CKD kidney and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. RESULTS JPYSF treatment could not only improve renal function and pathological injury but also inhibit renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Additionally, JPYSF reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Moreover, JPYSF rescued the decreased NAD+ content in CKD mice and TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells through restoring expression of key enzymes in NAD+ biosynthesis, including quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1, and nicotinamide riboside kinase 1. CONCLUSIONS JPYSF alleviated renal fibrosis in CKD mice and reversed fibrotic response in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells, which may be related to the restoration of NAD+ biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Ruyu Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Guoliang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Jiandong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518033, China
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6
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Zhen X, Sun Y, Lin H, Huang Y, Liu T, Li Y, Peng H. Elucidating the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase-p53 axis in the progression of chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16301. [PMID: 37953778 PMCID: PMC10638915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a common feature of CKD, but current treatments are seldom effective in reversing TIF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been found to increase in kidneys with TIF, but its role in renal fibrosis is unclear. Methods Using mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cultured renal interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), we investigated the function of NNMT in vivo and in vitro. Results We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the kidneys of mice and found that NNMT increased mainly in fibroblasts of UUO mice compared to sham mice. Additionally, NNMT was positively correlated with the expression of renal fibrosis-related genes after UUO injury. Knocking down NNMT expression reduced fibroblast activation and was accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of p53 and a decrease in its phosphorylation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that chronic kidney injury leads to an accumulation of NNMT, which might decrease p53 methylation, and increase the expression and activity of p53. We propose that NNMT promotes fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis, making NNMT a novel target for preventing and treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhen
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebo Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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7
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Curran CS, Kopp JB. The complexity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), hypoxic, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell signaling in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2023; 21:706. [PMID: 37814337 PMCID: PMC10563221 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-stage detection of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is important to treatment that may slow and occasionally halt CKD progression. CKD of diverse etiologies share similar histologic patterns of glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. Macro-vascular disease and micro-vascular disease promote tissue ischemia, contributing to injury. Tissue ischemia promotes hypoxia, and this in turn activates the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). HIF-1α and HIF-2α, share a dimer partner, HIF-1β, with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and are each activated in CKD and associated with kidney cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) depletion. The Preiss-Handler, salvage, and de novo pathways regulate NAD biosynthesis and gap-junctions regulate NAD cellular retention. In the Preiss-Handler pathway, niacin forms NAD. Niacin also exhibits crosstalk with HIF and AHR cell signals in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, which is a complication in CKD. Dysregulated enzyme activity in the NAD de novo pathway increases the levels of circulating tryptophan metabolites that activate AHR, resulting in poly-ADP ribose polymerase activation, thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, and immunosuppression. Therapeutically, metabolites from the NAD salvage pathway increase NAD production and subsequent sirtuin deacetylase activity, resulting in reduced activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I, p53, NF-κB and SMAD2 but increased activation of FOXO1, PGC-1α, and DNA methyltransferase-1. These post-translational responses may also be initiated through non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are additionally altered in CKD. Nanoparticles traverse biological systems and can penetrate almost all tissues as disease biomarkers and drug delivery carriers. Targeted delivery of non-coding RNAs or NAD metabolites with nanoparticles may enable the development of more effective diagnostics and therapies to treat CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, BG 10 RM 2C135, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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Liu N, Lyu X, Zhang X, Zhang F, Chen Y, Li G. Astaxanthin attenuates cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease models by reducing oxidative stress via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:173. [PMID: 37710272 PMCID: PMC10503143 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01129-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in neurodegenerative diseases. Astaxanthin (AST) can play a neuroprotective role owing to its long-chain conjugated unsaturated double bond, which imparts potent antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the biological mechanisms underlying these effects remain unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and validate the protective effect of AST on neuronal senescence and apoptosis caused by oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35 peptide, with the goal of preventing the onset of cognitive dysfunction. METHODS Alzheimer's disease models comprising ICR mice and PC12 cells were established using Aβ25-35. The Morris water maze test was used to assess mouse behavior. Nissl staining revealed morphological changes in the mouse hippocampal neurons. To elucidate the mechanism of action of AST, ICR mice and PC12 cells were treated with the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) inhibitor nicotinamide (NAM). Additionally, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate changes in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the mouse hippocampus, and SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway proteins were detected. Moreover, the oxidative stress markers in ICR mice and PC12 cells were evaluated. Further, CCK-8 assays, Annexin V/PI double staining, and β-galactosidase activity assays were performed in PC12 cells to evaluate the anti-senescence and apoptotic effects of AST. RESULTS In vivo experiments showed that Aβ25-35 impaired cognitive function, promoted morphological changes in hippocampal neurons, decreased Bcl-2 expression, increased Bax expression, decreased superoxide dismutase and GSH-px levels, and increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. Conversely, AST alleviated the impact of Aβ25-35 in mice, with reversed outcomes. NAM administration reduced SIRT1 and PGC-1α expression in the hippocampus. This decrease was accompanied by cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal neuron atrophy, which were also evident in the mice. Additionally, in vitro experiments showed that Aβ25-35 could promote oxidative stress and induce the senescence and apoptosis of PC12 cells. Nonetheless, AST treatment counteracted this effect by inhibiting oxidative stress and altering the state of PC12 cells. Notably, the Aβ + NAM group exhibited the most significant rates of senescence and apoptosis in PC12 cells following NAM treatment. CONCLUSION AST can improve cellular senescence and apoptosis mediated by oxidative stress via the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway and plays a vital role in inhibiting neuronal senescence and apoptosis and enhancing cognitive ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Xiaohong Lyu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China.
| | - Xianglin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Yiming Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, China
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9
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Groth B, Lee YC, Huang CC, McDaniel M, Huang K, Lee LH, Lin SJ. The Histone Deacetylases Hst1 and Rpd3 Integrate De Novo NAD + Metabolism with Phosphate Sensing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098047. [PMID: 37175754 PMCID: PMC10179157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a critical cofactor essential for various cellular processes. Abnormalities in NAD+ metabolism have also been associated with a number of metabolic disorders. The regulation and interconnection of NAD+ metabolic pathways are not yet completely understood. By employing an NAD+ intermediate-specific genetic system established in the model organism S. cerevisiae, we show that histone deacetylases (HDACs) Hst1 and Rpd3 link the regulation of the de novo NAD+ metabolism-mediating BNA genes with certain aspects of the phosphate (Pi)-sensing PHO pathway. Our genetic and gene expression studies suggest that the Bas1-Pho2 and Pho2-Pho4 transcription activator complexes play a role in this co-regulation. Our results suggest a model in which competition for Pho2 usage between the BNA-activating Bas1-Pho2 complex and the PHO-activating Pho2-Pho4 complex helps balance de novo activity with PHO activity in response to NAD+ or phosphate depletion. Interestingly, both the Bas1-Pho2 and Pho2-Pho4 complexes appear to also regulate the expression of the salvage-mediating PNC1 gene negatively. These results suggest a mechanism for the inverse regulation between the NAD+ salvage pathways and the de novo pathway observed in our genetic models. Our findings help provide a molecular basis for the complex interplay of two different aspects of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Groth
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yi-Ching Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Chi-Chun Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matilda McDaniel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Katie Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Lan-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Su-Ju Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Morevati M, Fang EF, Mace ML, Kanbay M, Gravesen E, Nordholm A, Egstrand S, Hornum M. Roles of NAD + in Acute and Chronic Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010137. [PMID: 36613582 PMCID: PMC9820289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized form, NAD+) is a critical coenzyme, with functions ranging from redox reactions and energy metabolism in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation to being a central player in multiple cellular signaling pathways, organ resilience, health, and longevity. Many of its cellular functions are executed via serving as a co-substrate for sirtuins (SIRTs), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), and CD38. Kidney damage and diseases are common in the general population, especially in elderly persons and diabetic patients. While NAD+ is reduced in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), mounting evidence indicates that NAD+ augmentation is beneficial to AKI, although conflicting results exist for cases of CKD. Here, we review recent progress in the field of NAD+, mainly focusing on compromised NAD+ levels in AKI and its effect on essential cellular pathways, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, compromised autophagy, and low expression of the aging biomarker αKlotho (Klotho) in the kidney. We also review the compromised NAD+ levels in renal fibrosis and senescence cells in the case of CKD. As there is an urgent need for more effective treatments for patients with injured kidneys, further studies on NAD+ in relation to AKI/CKD may shed light on novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marya Morevati
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Evandro Fei Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Maria L. Mace
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Eva Gravesen
- Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 2730 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nordholm
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Egstrand
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hornum
- Department of Nephrology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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NAD + Metabolism and Interventions in Premature Renal Aging and Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010021. [PMID: 36611814 PMCID: PMC9818486 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature aging causes morphological and functional changes in the kidney, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is a global public health issue with far-reaching consequences, including cardio-vascular complications, increased frailty, shortened lifespan and a heightened risk of kidney failure. Dialysis or transplantation are lifesaving therapies, but they can also be debilitating. Currently, no cure is available for CKD, despite ongoing efforts to identify clinical biomarkers of premature renal aging and molecular pathways of disease progression. Kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have high energy demand, and disruption of their energy homeostasis has been linked to the progression of kidney disease. Consequently, metabolic reprogramming of PTECs is gaining interest as a therapeutic tool. Preclinical and clinical evidence is emerging that NAD+ homeostasis, crucial for PTECs' oxidative metabolism, is impaired in CKD, and administration of dietary NAD+ precursors could have a prophylactic role against age-related kidney disease. This review describes the biology of NAD+ in the kidney, including its precursors and cellular roles, and discusses the importance of NAD+ homeostasis for renal health. Furthermore, we provide a comprehensive summary of preclinical and clinical studies aimed at increasing NAD+ levels in premature renal aging and CKD.
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12
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Zeidler JD, Chini CC, Kanamori KS, Kashyap S, Espindola-Netto JM, Thompson K, Warner G, Cabral FS, Peclat TR, Gomez LS, Lopez SA, Wandersee MK, Schoon RA, Reid K, Menzies K, Beckedorff F, Reid JM, Brachs S, Meyer RG, Meyer-Ficca ML, Chini EN. Endogenous metabolism in endothelial and immune cells generates most of the tissue vitamin B3 (nicotinamide). iScience 2022; 25:105431. [PMID: 36388973 PMCID: PMC9646960 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, nicotinamide (NAM) is the primary NAD precursor available in circulation, a signaling molecule, and a precursor for methyl-nicotinamide (M-NAM) synthesis. However, our knowledge about how the body regulates tissue NAM levels is still limited. Here we demonstrate that dietary vitamin B3 partially regulates plasma NAM and NAM-derived metabolites, but not their tissue levels. We found that NAD de novo synthesis from tryptophan contributes to plasma and tissue NAM, likely by providing substrates for NAD-degrading enzymes. We also demonstrate that tissue NAM is mainly generated by endogenous metabolism and that the NADase CD38 is the main enzyme that produces tissue NAM. Tissue-specific CD38-floxed mice revealed that CD38 activity on endothelial and immune cells is the major contributor to tissue steady-state levels of NAM in tissues like spleen and heart. Our findings uncover the presence of different pools of NAM in the body and a central role for CD38 in regulating tissue NAM levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna D. Zeidler
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Claudia C.S. Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Karina S. Kanamori
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sonu Kashyap
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jair M. Espindola-Netto
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Katie Thompson
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Gina Warner
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Fernanda S. Cabral
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Thais R. Peclat
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lilian Sales Gomez
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sierra A. Lopez
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Miles K. Wandersee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Renee A. Schoon
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kimberly Reid
- Interdisciplinary School of Health of Sciences, University Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Keir Menzies
- Interdisciplinary School of Health of Sciences, University Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Felipe Beckedorff
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Human Genetics, Biomedical Research Building, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Joel M. Reid
- Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10115 Berlin, Germany,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph G. Meyer
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Mirella L. Meyer-Ficca
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84332, USA
| | - Eduardo Nunes Chini
- Signal Transduction and Molecular Nutrition Laboratory, Kogod Aging Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA,Corresponding author
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13
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Cui X, Shi E, Li J, Li Y, Qiao Z, Wang Z, Liu M, Tang W, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Xie Y, Zhen J, Wang X, Yi F. GPR87 promotes renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis by accelerating glycolysis and mitochondrial injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 189:58-70. [PMID: 35843477 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the best predictor of renal survival. However, current treatments for CKD remain extremely limited. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed to either stop or reverse CKD progression. The present study was designed to explore the potential role of GPR87, a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family, in the pathogenesis of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. It was found that GPR87 was significantly induced in the kidney, especially in tubular areas, from different mouse models of renal fibrosis, including unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) nephropathy, aristolochic acid nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy, respectively. Tubule-specific GPR87 deletion dramatically ameliorated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in UUO mice. Mechanistically, GPR87 accelerated glycolysis and mitochondrial injury by YAP-hexokinase-2 signaling, thereby promoting renal fibrosis. Importantly, the upregulation of GPR87 was also found in the kidney from patients with various CKD, indicating that the induction of GPR87 may be a common feature of human kidney diseases. Collectively, our studies for the first time demonstrate that GPR87 plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis at least in part by accelerating glycolysis and mitochondrial injury, suggesting that targeting GPR87 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Enhua Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yujia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhe Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yusheng Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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14
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The significance of NAD + metabolites and nicotinamide N-methyltransferase in chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6398. [PMID: 35430611 PMCID: PMC9013399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) metabolism contributes to the initiation and progression of age-associated diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a nicotinamide (NAM) metabolizing enzyme, regulates both NAD + and methionine metabolism. Although NNMT is expressed abundantly in the kidney, its role in CKD and renal fibrosis remains unclear. We generated NNMT-deficient mice and a unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) model and conducted two clinical studies on human CKD to investigate the role of NNMT in CKD and fibrosis. In UUO, renal NNMT expression and the degraded metabolites of NAM increased, while NAD + and NAD + precursors decreased. NNMT deficiency ameliorated renal fibrosis; mechanistically, it (1) increased the DNA methylation of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and (2) improved renal inflammation by increasing renal NAD + and Sirt1 and decreasing NF-κB acetylation. In humans, along with CKD progression, a trend toward a decrease in serum NAD + precursors was observed, while the final NAD + metabolites were accumulated, and the level of eGFR was an independent variable for serum NAM. In addition, NNMT was highly expressed in fibrotic areas of human kidney tissues. In conclusion, increased renal NNMT expression induces NAD + and methionine metabolism perturbation and contributes to renal fibrosis.
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15
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Fontecha-Barriuso M, Lopez-Diaz AM, Carriazo S, Ortiz A, Sanz AB. Nicotinamide and acute kidney injury. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:2453-2462. [PMID: 34950458 PMCID: PMC8690056 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a recent issue of ckj, Piedrafita et al. reported that urine tryptophan and kynurenine are reduced in cardiac bypass surgery patients that develop acute kidney injury (AKI), suggesting reduced activity of the kynurenine pathway of nicotinamide (NAM) adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) synthesis from tryptophan. However, NAM supplementation aiming at repleting NAD+ did not replete kidney NAD+ and did not improve glomerular filtration or reduce histological injury in ischaemic-reperfusion kidney injury in mice. The lack of improvement of kidney injury is partially at odds with prior reports that did not study kidney NAD+, glomerular filtration or histology in NAM-treated wild-type mice with AKI. We now present an overview of research on therapy with vitamin B3 vitamers and derivate molecules {niacin, Nicotinamide [NAM; niacinamide], NAM riboside [Nicotinamide riboside (NR)], Reduced nicotinamide riboside [NRH] and NAM mononucleotide} in kidney injury, including an overview of ongoing clinical trials, and discuss the potential explanations for diverging reports on the impact of these therapeutic approaches on pre-clinical acute and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fontecha-Barriuso
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Lopez-Diaz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- IRSIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Research Institute-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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