LncRNA XIST engages in psoriasis via sponging miR-338-5p to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and inflammation

A Review of MicroRNAs and lncRNAs in Atherosclerosis as Well as Some Major Inflammatory Conditions Affecting Atherosclerosis

It is generally accepted that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. The link between atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via metabolic, inflammatory, and immunoregulatory pathways is well established. The aim of our review was to summarize the associations between selected microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and atherosclerosis, psoriasis, T2DM, and RA. We reviewed the role of miR-146a, miR-210, miR-143, miR-223, miR-126, miR-21, miR-155, miR-145, miR-200, miR-133, miR-135, miR-221, miR-424, let-7, lncRNA-H19, lncRNA-MEG3, lncRNA-UCA1, and lncRNA-XIST in atherosclerosis and psoriasis, T2DM, and RA. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a method of intracellular signal transduction. Their function depends on surface expression, cargo, and the cell from which they originate. The majority of the studies that investigated lncRNAs and some miRs had relatively small sample sizes, which limits the generalizability of their findings and indicates the need for more research. Based on the studies reviewed, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-145, miR-200, miR-133, and lncRNA-H19 are the most promising potential biomarkers and, possibly, therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis as well as T2DM, RA, and psoriasis.

The Mechanisms of Long Non-coding RNA-XIST in Ischemic Stroke: Insights into Functional Roles and Therapeutic Potential

Ischemic stroke, which occurs due to the occlusion of cerebral arteries, is a common type of stroke. Recent research has highlighted the important role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development of cerebrovascular diseases, specifically ischemic stroke. Understanding the functional roles of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke is crucial, given their potential contribution to the disease pathology. One noteworthy lncRNA is X-inactive specific transcript (XIST), which exhibits downregulation during the early stages of ischemic stroke and subsequent upregulation in later stages. XIST exert its influence on the development of ischemic stroke through interactions with multiple miRNAs and transcription factors. These interactions play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the condition. In this review, we have provided a comprehensive summary of the functional roles of XIST in ischemic stroke. By investigating the involvement of XIST in the disease process, we aim to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic stroke and potentially identify novel therapeutic targets.

Construction of LncRNA-mediated CeRNA network for investigating the immune pathogenesis of myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a cardiovascular disease that seriously threatens human health. However, an immune-related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network has not been reported in MI.

METHODS

The GSE66360, GSE19339, GSE97320, GSE61741, and GSE168281 datasets were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) from MI patients and healthy controls were screened and an immune-related ceRNA network was constructed. Furthermore, the key long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs) highly related to the immune mechanism of MI were identified utilizing the random walk with restart algorithm. Finally, the expression of the hub genes was further verified in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets, and quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed for the MI patients and healthy controls.

RESULTS

A total of 184 differentially expressed immune-related genes(DE-IRGs) and 432 DE-miRNAs were obtained, and an immune-related ceRNA network comprising 1421 lncRNAs, 61 DE-miRNAs, and 139 DE-IRGs was constructed. According to the order of stress, betweenness, and closeness, NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST were identified as key lncRNAs. Moreover, random walk with restart analysis also suggested that NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, and XIST are key lncRNAs. Subsequently, a ceRNA network of 10 hub genes and 3 lncRNAs was constructed. Finally, we found that the expression of FCER1G and TYROBP significantly differed between MI patients and control individuals in the GSE66360, GSE19339, and GSE97320 datasets. qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP was significantly elevated in MI tissue samples compared to healthy control tissue samples.

CONCLUSION

NEAT1, KCNQ1OT1, XIST, FCER1G, and TYROBP are involved in MI and can be used as molecular biomarkers for the screening and diagnosis of MI. Furthermore, the immune system plays an essential role in the onset and progression of MI.

The LINC01176-miR-218-5p-IL-36G Network is Responsible for the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis by Promoting Inflammation

Purpose

Psoriasis is an incurable chronic inflammatory skin disease. The exact function and regulatory mechanism of non-coding RNA upregulation in psoriasis remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network of psoriasis and LINC01176 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Patients and Methods

We performed miRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA sequencing analysis in pretreatment and treatment psoriatic tissues and normal tissues, constructed an lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression network and screened mRNA-associated pathways using bioinformatics analysis. We further validated the regulatory role of LINC01176-miR-218-5p on the proliferation and inflammation of the psoriatic model by dual-luciferase reporter assay, cell transfection, CCK-8 method, TUNEL staining and animal model construction method. An lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA coexpression network was successfully constructed by RNA-seq data analysis.

Results

We obtained the relationship between LINC01176, miR-218-5p and IL36-G. Analysis of the apoptotic and proliferative capacity of the transfected cells showed that miR-218-5p up-regulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. A mouse model of psoriasis was successfully established. Phenotypic observations revealed that keratin-forming cells in mice coated with LINC01176-shRNA emulsifier were significantly lower than those in the model group and close to those in the normal group. HE and immunohistochemical experiments were performed, and the results showed the role and mechanism of action of LINC01176-shRNA. Suppression of LINC01176 significantly inhibited the expression of IL-36G in psoriatic tissues. LINC01176 showed a targeting and positive correlation with IL36-G expression.

Conclusion

Our study shows that LINC01176 promotes the proliferation and invasion of keratinocytes and inhibits apoptosis by targeting miR-218-5p, which acts as a repressor of the psoriasis-associated IL-36G. The shRNA-LINC01176 emulsion showed potential treatment capability in alleviating symptoms of psoriasis.

Comprehensive LncRNA and Potential Molecular Mechanism Analysis in Noninfectious Uveitis

Purpose

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is noncoding RNA and have played a key role or be treated as a biomarker in a variety of diseases such as tumors. However, extensive lncRNA analysis for uveitis has not been explored completely. In this study, we analyzed the lncRNAs with altered expression in peripheral blood comprehensively for three major autoimmune diseases (ankylosing spondylitis [AS], Behҫet's disease [BD], and sarcoidosis) to search potential hub gene and molecular mechanism for noninfectious uveitis.

Methods

In total, we included 18 patients with AS and 12 patients with sarcoidosis versus 25 controls for GSE18781; we also included 15 patients with BD versus 14 controls for GSE17114 in this study. The lncRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels were determined by microarray using serum samples from patients and healthy controls.

Results

Twenty-one lncRNAs and 1073 mRNAs were detected in patients with AS, 4 lncRNAs and 62 mRNAs in patients with BD, and 196 lncRNAs and 5376 mRNAs in patients with sarcoidosis. Thus, we suspected lncRNA XIST and MIAT, mRNA FCGBP, CD247, CTSW, AES, NCR3, TIGIT, CASP5, DUSP2, and TBX21 may be the most possible hub genes for AS, BD, and sarcoidosis. These RNAs were involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokine pathways.

Conclusions

In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified lncRNAs with altered expression in three major autoimmune diseases that may combine with noninfectious uveitis. This study provides novel insights into the molecular pathogenetic mechanisms and key information toward developing new diagnostic biomarkers and special therapeutic targets for noninfectious uveitis in AS, BD, and sarcoidosis.

Translational Relevance

LncRNAs and their potential mechanisms provide new strategies for prevention and treatment for noninfectious uveitis in patients with AS, BD, and sarcoidosis.