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Quintela-Carvalho G, Luz NF, Celes FS, Zanette DL, Andrade D, Menezes D, Tavares NM, Brodskyn CI, Prates DB, Gonçalves MS, de Oliveira CI, Almeida RP, Bozza MT, Andrade BB, Borges VM. Heme Drives Oxidative Stress-Associated Cell Death in Human Neutrophils Infected with Leishmania infantum. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1620. [PMID: 29218050 PMCID: PMC5703736 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Free heme is an inflammatory molecule capable of inducing migration and activation of neutrophils. Here, we examine the heme-driven oxidative stress-associated cell death mechanisms in human neutrophils infected with Leishmania infantum, an etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). We first performed exploratory analyses in a population of well characterized treatment-naïve VL patients as well as uninfected controls, who were part of previously reported studies. We noted a positive correlation between serum concentrations of heme with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and lactate deydrogenase, as well as, a negative correlation between heme values and peripheral blood neutrophils counts. Moreover, in vitro infection with L. infantum in the presence of heme enhanced parasite burden in neutrophils, while increasing the production of reactive oxygen species and release of neutrophilic enzymes. Additional experiments demonstrated that treatment of infected neutrophils with ferrous iron (Fe+2), a key component of the heme molecule, resulted in increased parasite survival without affecting neutrophil activation status. Furthermore, stimulation of infected neutrophils with heme triggered substantial increases in HO-1 mRNA expression as well as in superoxide dismutase-1 enzymatic activity. Heme, but not Fe+2, induced oxidative stress-associated cell death. These findings indicate that heme promotes intracellular L. infantum survival via activation of neutrophil function and oxidative stress. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of immunopathogenic mechanisms involving neutrophils in VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Quintela-Carvalho
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil.,Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Baiano (IFBaiano), Santa Inês, Brazil
| | - Nívea F Luz
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fabiana S Celes
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Dalila L Zanette
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Diego Menezes
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (ITP), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Natália M Tavares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Claudia I Brodskyn
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Deboraci B Prates
- Departamento de Biomorfologia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Marilda S Gonçalves
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Camila I de Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
| | - Roque P Almeida
- Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), Aracaju, Brazil
| | - Marcelo T Bozza
- Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Multinational Organization Network Sponsoring Translational and Epidemiological Research (MONSTER) Initiative, Salvador, Brazil.,Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Laureate Universities, Salvador, Brazil.,Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Valeria M Borges
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil.,Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Brazil
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Scharfstein J, Ramos PIP, Barral-Netto M. G Protein-Coupled Kinin Receptors and Immunity Against Pathogens. Adv Immunol 2017; 136:29-84. [PMID: 28950949 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For decades, immunologists have considered the complement system as a paradigm of a proteolytic cascade that, acting cooperatively with the immune system, enhances host defense against infectious organisms. In recent years, advances made in thrombosis research disclosed a functional link between activated neutrophils, monocytes, and platelet-driven thrombogenesis. Forging a physical barrier, the fibrin scaffolds generated by synergism between the extrinsic and intrinsic (contact) pathways of coagulation entrap microbes within microvessels, limiting the systemic spread of infection while enhancing the clearance of pathogens by activated leukocytes. Insight from mice models of thrombosis linked fibrin formation via the intrinsic pathway to the autoactivation of factor XII (FXII) by negatively charged "contact" substances, such as platelet-derived polyphosphates and DNA from neutrophil extracellular traps. Following cleavage by FXIIa, activated plasma kallikrein (PK) initiates inflammation by liberating the nonapeptide bradykinin (BK) from an internal domain of high molecular weight kininogen (HK). Acting as a paracrine mediator, BK induces vasodilation and increases microvascular permeability via activation of endothelial B2R, a constitutively expressed subtype of kinin receptor. During infection, neutrophil-driven extravasation of plasma fuels inflammation via extravascular activation of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Whether liberated by plasma-borne PK, tissue kallikrein, and/or microbial-derived proteases, the short-lived kinins activate immature dendritic cells via B2R, thus linking the infection-associated innate immunity/inflammation to the adaptive arm of immunity. As inflammation persists, a GPI-linked carboxypeptidase M removes the C-terminal arginine from the primary kinin, converting the B2R agonist into a high-affinity ligand for B1R, a GPCR subtype that is transcriptionally upregulated in injured/inflamed tissues. As reviewed here, lessons taken from studies of kinin receptor function in experimental infections have shed light on the complex proteolytic circuits that, acting at the endothelial interface, reciprocally couple immunity to the proinflammatory KKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Scharfstein
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences (CCS), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Pablo I P Ramos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Brazil
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