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Belete D, Fekadie E, Kassaw M, Fenta M, Jegnie A, Mulu T, Adane G, Abebe W, Amare A. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:512. [PMID: 39075410 PMCID: PMC11285531 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06714-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections are global issues that disproportionately affect developing countries. Pregnancy-related HBV and HCV infections are associated with a high risk of vertical transmission and complications for the mother as well as the newborn. Therefore, this study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Guhala Primary Hospital, Northwestern Ethiopia. METHODS A hospital-based retrospective study was conducted from July to September 2022 on HBV and HCV registered books from September 1, 2017, to August 30, 2019, for a year. The presence of HBsAg and anti-HCV in serum was detected using the One Step Cassette Style HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody test kit. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. RESULTS In this study, a total of 2252 participants for HBsAg and 538 participants for ant-HCV rapid tests of records in the laboratory logbook were included. The mean age of the study participants was 25.6years (± 5.8SD). The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was 6.0% (134/2252) and 2.4% (13/538), respectively. There were 0.4% (2/538) coinfection results between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION In this study, intermediate seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection was detected among pregnant women attending antenatal care. The Hepatitis B virus was predominantly higher among pregnant women aged between 25 and 34 years. To manage and stop the potential vertical transmission of these viral agents during the early stages of pregnancy, routine prenatal testing for HBV and HCV infections should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debaka Belete
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Engidayehu Fekadie
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melkamu Kassaw
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Fenta
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanu Jegnie
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tigist Mulu
- School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Gashaw Adane
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Wondwossen Abebe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azanaw Amare
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
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Larebo YM, Anshebo AA, Abdo RA, Behera SK, Gopalan N. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305838. [PMID: 39012904 PMCID: PMC11251621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Africa exhibits a considerably high prevalence of the hepatitis B virus among pregnant women. Furthermore, there is a discernible lack of a well-established surveillance system to adequately monitor and comprehend the epidemiology of the hepatitis B virus, particularly among pregnant women. The eradication efforts of the virus in Africa have been impeded by the significant disease burden in the region, and there is a lack of evidence regarding the pooled prevalence of the hepatitis B virus in Africa. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis aims to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Africa. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed, Advanced Google Scholar, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library. The search spanned from July 2013 to July 2023 and included all relevant articles published within this period. To identify potentially eligible articles, we conducted a comprehensive manual review of the reference lists of the identified studies. Our review encompassed articles from the African Journal Online. The analysis focused on observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals that reported the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive testing among pregnant women. We utilized the Newcastle-Ottawa critical appraisal checklist to assess the methodological quality of each paper. Finally, a meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. RESULTS Out of the 774 studies identified, 31 studies involving 33,967 pregnant women were selected for the meta-analysis. According to the random-effects model, the combined prevalence of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women was 6.77% [95% CI: 5.72, 7.83]. The I2 statistic was calculated to be 95.57% (p = 0.00), indicating significant heterogeneity among the studies. The high I2 value of 95.57% suggests a substantial degree of heterogeneity. A subgroup meta-analysis revealed that factors such as time-dependent bias, sample size dependence, or individual variation among study participants contributed to this heterogeneity (p-difference < 0.05). CONCLUSION According to the findings of this study, the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B infection among pregnant women in Africa was found to be intermediate-high. It is recommended that policymakers implement hepatitis B virus immunization programs targeting pregnant women and their new-born babies at higher risk of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilma Markos Larebo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Alemu Anshebo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Ritbano Ahmed Abdo
- Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Sujit Kumar Behera
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Natarajan Gopalan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Life Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
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Djaogol T, Périères L, Marcellin F, Diouf A, Carrieri MP, Diallo A, Boyer S. Hepatitis B prevention and treatment needs in women in Senegal (ANRS 12356 AmBASS survey). BMC Public Health 2023; 23:825. [PMID: 37143029 PMCID: PMC10161542 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is prevalent in West Africa, epidemiological data on HBV infection in women remain scarce. We studied i) hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence and its correlates, ii) HBV screening history and serological status awareness, iii) MTCT risk and treatment needs in Senegalese women. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based serosurvey for HBsAg positivity was conducted in 2018-2019 in the rural area of Niakhar (Fatick region, Senegal). Participants were offered home-based HBV screening and answered face-to-face questionnaires. HBsAg-positive participants underwent clinical and biological assessments. Data were weighted and calibrated to be representative of the area's population. Logistic regression models helped identify factors associated with HBsAg-positivity in adult women (> 15 years old). RESULTS HBsAg prevalence in adult women was 9.2% [95% confidence interval: 7.0-11.4]. Factors associated with HBsAg-positivity were being 15-49 years old (ref: ≥ 50), living in a household with > 2 other HBsAg-positive members, and knowing someone with liver disease. Only 1.6% of women had already been tested for HBV; no one who tested HBsAg positive was already aware of their serological status. In women 15-49 years old, 5% risked MTCT and none were eligible for long-term antiviral treatment. CONCLUSIONS Adult women have a high HBsAg prevalence but a low MTCT risk. Low rates of HBV screening and serological status awareness argue for the adoption of systematic screening during pregnancy using free and rapid diagnostic tests. Additionally, screening household members of HBsAg-positive women may greatly improve the cascade of care in rural Senegal. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT03215732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tchadine Djaogol
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM, Institut Bergonié, BPH, U1219, CIC-P 1401, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lauren Périères
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
- VITROME, Campus IRD-UCAD, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Fabienne Marcellin
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Maria Patrizia Carrieri
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sylvie Boyer
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de La Santé & Traitement de L'Information Médicale, ISSPAM, Marseille, France.
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High Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Borumeda General Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1395238. [PMID: 36072475 PMCID: PMC9441365 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1395238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis are considered as the cause of solemn health problem for the human kind, particularly among pregnant women in the 21th century. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection among pregnant women attending at Borumeda General Hospital, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Borumeda General Hospital from April to May, 2020. A consecutive total of 124 pregnant women who were attending at the antenatal clinic (ANC) of the hospital were included. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the associated factors and some sociodemographic characteristics. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected from each study participant, and a laboratory test using a rapid HBsAg and anti-HCV kit was done. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results The mean age of the study subjects was 25.81 (±5.967) years. The overall seroprevalence of either HBV or HCV infections among the study participants was 14 (11.3%). HBsAg and anti-HCV were positive among 10 (8.1%) and 4 (3.2%) study participants, respectively. There was no coinfection result between HBV and HCV among pregnant women. Pregnant women who had abortion history [AOR 5.723; 95% CI 1.100-29.785, P value = 0.038] and hospitalization history with IV medication [AOR 6.939; 95% CI 1.017-47.322, P value = 0.048] exhibited statistically significant association with HBV infection. Conclusions Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infections among pregnant women was high, and the rate of HBV particularly can be considered in the high endemic category of the WHO classification scheme. Continuous screening of pregnant mothers, provision of hepatitis B vaccine for females at the child-bearing age, and health education to create awareness about HBV and HCV should be implemented.
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Kafeero HM, Ndagire D, Ocama P, Kudamba A, Walusansa A, Sendagire H. Prevalence and predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in east Africa: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies published from 2005 to 2020. Arch Public Health 2021; 79:167. [PMID: 34537079 PMCID: PMC8449462 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-021-00686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the general population in east Africa is not well documented. In this meta-analysis, we examined 37 full published research articles to synthesise up-to-date data on the prevalence and predictors of the HBV burden for the effective prevention and management of the virus in our region. METHODS We examined 37 full published research articles found using PubMed, Scopus, African Journal Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar between May and October 2020. Dichotomous data on HBV prevalence and predictors of infection were extracted from the individual studies. The HBV prevalence, test of proportion, relative risk, and I2 statistics for heterogeneity were calculated using MedCalc software version 19.1.3. Begg's tests was used to test for publication bias. Sources of heterogeneity were analysed through sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and sub-group analysis at 95% CI. P < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of HBV was generally high (6.025%), with publications from Kenya (8.54%), Uganda (8.454%) and those from between 2011 and 2015 (8.759%) reporting the highest prevalence (P < 0.05). Blood transfusion, scarification, promiscuity, HIV seropositivity, and being male were independent predictors significantly associated with HBV infection (P < 0.05), with the male sex being the most strongly associated predictor of HBV infection. Meta-regressions for the pooled HBV prevalence and sample size, as well as the year of publication, lacked statistical significance (P > 0.05). Omitting the study with the largest sample size slightly increased pooled HBV prevalence to 6.149%, suggesting that the studies are robust. Begg's test showed no evidence of publication bias for overall meta-analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The burden of HBV is still high, with the male sex, blood transfusion, body scarification, and HIV seropositivity being potential predictors of infection. Thus, it is important to scale up control and prevention measures targeting persons at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Mukasa Kafeero
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda.
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Dorothy Ndagire
- Department of Plant Sciences, Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Ocama
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ali Kudamba
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Abdul Walusansa
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hakim Sendagire
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Habib Medical School, Islamic University in Uganda, P.O. Box 7689, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Belopolskaya M, Avrutin V, Kalinina O, Dmitriev A, Gusev D. Chronic hepatitis B in pregnant women: Current trends and approaches. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3279-3289. [PMID: 34163111 PMCID: PMC8218362 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i23.3279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a significant public health problem worldwide. The aim of the present review is to summarize the actual trends in the management of CHB in pregnant women. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women is usually comparable to that in the general population in the corresponding geographic area. All women have to be screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) during pregnancy. Additional examinations of pregnant women with CHB may include maternal hepatitis B e antigen, HBV viral load, alanine aminotransferase level, and HBsAg level. The management of pregnancy depends on the phase of the HBV infection, which has to be determined before pregnancy. In women of childbearing age with CHB, antiviral therapy can pursue two main goals: Treatment of active CHB, and vertical transmission prevention. During pregnancy, tenofovir is the drug of choice in both cases. A combination of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine against hepatitis B should be administered within the first 12 h to all infants born to mothers with CHB. In such cases, there are no contraindications to breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belopolskaya
- Polyclinical Department, Botkin's Infectious Disease Hospital, St-Petersburg 195067, Russia
- Chronic Viral Infectious Disease Lab, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Viktor Avrutin
- Institute for Systems Theory, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Olga Kalinina
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, St-Petersburg 197341, Russia
| | - Alexander Dmitriev
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St-Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Denis Gusev
- Botkin's Infectious Disease Hospital, St-Petersburg 195067, Russia
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Roble AK, Roba KT, Mengistie B, Abdurke Kure M. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Health Facilities in Jigjiga Town, Eastern Ethiopia. Int J Womens Health 2021; 12:1299-1310. [PMID: 33447090 PMCID: PMC7801816 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s276526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global public health problem affecting millions of people across the world. The risk of developing a chronic hepatitis B virus infection is affected by the age at the time of acquiring infection. For instance, around 95% of these infections are acquired during the perinatal period. Although evidences indicate the wider effects of hepatitis B virus and its negative consequences, there are limited studies and a scarcity of data in Eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining seroprevalence of HBV and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in the public health facilities of Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia, from March 4 to April 4, 2019. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was employed among pregnant women in the public health facilities of Jigjiga town, Eastern Ethiopia. A total of 589 pregnant women were enrolled in the study using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Five milliliters of venous blood samples was collected and tested for HBV using ELISA diagnostic test. The collected data were entered in to Epidata version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics was carried out using frequency tables and summary measures. Multivariable analysis was done to identify the true effects of the selected predictor variables on the outcome variable after controlling for possible confounders. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Results Overall, 8.5% (95% CI: 6.5–10.7) of the study participants were seropositive for HBsAg. Having any surgical history [AOR = 3.41, 95% CI (1.26–9.24)], family history of HBV [AOR = 4.96, 95% CI (2.11–10.60)], history of sharing sharps [AOR = 2.78, 95% CI (1.13–6.83)] and having multiple sexual partners [AOR = 6.12, 95% CI (2.12–17.64)] were significant predictors of HBV infection. Conclusion The seroprevalence of HBV was relatively high in this study area. Having a history of surgery, family history of hepatitis, history of sharing sharps and multiple sexual partners were significantly associated with HBV infection. Therefore, health information dissemination and awareness creation on mode of transmission of HBV are very crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurahman Kedir Roble
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Teji Roba
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Bizatu Mengistie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Abdurke Kure
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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Mudji J, Madinga B, Horsmans Y. Seroprevalence of Viral Hepatitis B and C and Knowledge of the Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women Attending Prenatal Care in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1096-1100. [PMID: 33399040 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) can significantly influence maternal and child health. Although HIV infection, malaria, and syphilis in pregnant women are likely to be systematically screened for and managed according to national guidelines in the Democratic Republic of Congo, there is no plan for HBV and HCV. Furthermore, there is no documentation regarding pregnant women's knowledge about HBV and HCV. This situation has motivated the researchers to undertake the current study, which was designed to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV. We have also assessed knowledge of the HBV infection among pregnant women who consulted for antenatal care for the first time at Vanga Evangelical Hospital in Vanga. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 457 pregnant women who attended antenatal care. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and previous medico-surgical data, as well as information related to women's HBV knowledge, were collected using a questionnaire. Rapid tests were used to detect HBV surface antigen and HCV antibodies. Most pregnant women were aged 20-24 years. Only 6.8% of respondents had knowledge of HBV, and the main source of this knowledge was health facilities (4.6%). Only 0.7% reported having been tested, whereas 98.5% said that they had not been offered a test. Overall, 18 (3.9%) participants were HBV positive and 22 (4.8%) were positive for HCV. There is limited knowledge about HBV and HCV among pregnant women in rural Vanga. All pregnant women should be screened during antenatal care, and a well-implemented program of management is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junior Mudji
- Département de médecine de famille et soin de santé Primaire, Université Protestante au Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Hôpital Evangélique de Vanga, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Blaise Madinga
- Département de médecine de famille et soin de santé Primaire, Université Protestante au Congo, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Hôpital Evangélique de Vanga, Kikwit, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Yves Horsmans
- Hepato-GastroenterologyDepartment, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels Belgium
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Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Determinants among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2020; 2020:9418475. [PMID: 32577077 PMCID: PMC7305536 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9418475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious and a global public health problem. The prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women is between 2.3% and 7.9%. HBV infection during pregnancy is associated with prenatal transmission to the fetus. HBV has an effective vaccine which reduces up to 96% of the transmission. Although different studies were conducted in Ethiopia, none of them showed the national prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the pooled prevalence of HBV and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for articles. All observational published studies were retrieved using relevant search terms in Google Scholar, African Online Journal, CINAHL, and PubMed databases. Newcastle-Ottawa assessment checklist for observational studies was used for critical appraisal of the included articles. The meta-analysis was done with STATA version 14 software. The I 2 statistics were used to test heterogeneity whereas Begg's and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias. Odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was presented using the forest plot. Results A total of twenty-three studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was 4.75% (95% CI: 4.06, 5.44). The subgroup analysis showed a higher prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in Gambella (7.9%) and the lowest in Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region (SNNPR) (2.3%). Associated factors with HBV infection include history of multiple sexual partner (OR = 6.02 (95%CI = 3.86, 9.36)), blood transfusion history (OR = 5.71 (95%CI = 3.25, 10.04)), abortion history (OR = 3.58 (95%CI = 2.10, 6.09)), and history of body tattoo (OR = 2.83 (95%CI = 1.55, 5.17)). Conclusions HBV infection among pregnant women is a common public health problem in Ethiopia. Multiple sexual partners, abortion history, blood transfusion history, and body tattoo were significantly associated with HBV infection. Policies and strategies should focus on factors identified in this study to improve the prevention of HBV among pregnant women.
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Kayondo SP, Byamugisha JK, Ntuyo P. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital, Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033043. [PMID: 32499255 PMCID: PMC7279652 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda, antenatal clinic. PARTICIPANTS We randomly selected 340 pregnant women attending their first antenatal visit at Mulago Hospital antenatal clinic. PRIMARY OUTCOME Hepatitis B surface antigen positivity. RESULTS We recruited 340 participants, with a mean age of 27±5.7 years, and a median gravidity of 3. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital, in our study, was 2.9% (95% CI 1.58% to 5.40%, n=10). Factors positively associated with hepatitis B virus infection were: marital status (adjusted OR (aOR)=11.37, p=0.002), having a hepatitis B positive family member (aOR=49.52, p<0.001) and having had a blood or body fluid splash to mucous membranes from a hepatitis B positive patient (aOR=61.69, p=0.015). Other factors such as age, socioeconomic status, number of sexual partners, HIV serostatus, piercing of ears and history of blood transfusion were not significantly associated with hepatitis B virus infection in this study. CONCLUSION The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Mulago Hospital was of intermediate endemicity. We found that marital status, having a hepatitis B positive family member at home and having had a blood or body fluid splash to mucous membranes from a hepatitis B positive patient were independently associated with hepatitis B infection. Factors such as age, HIV status, history of blood transfusion, piercing of ears and social status were not associated with hepatitis B status in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Peter Kayondo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Uganda, Uganda
| | - Josaphat K Byamugisha
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Makerere University/Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Ntuyo
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Makerere University/Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
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Ayele A, Abera D, Hailu M, Birhanu M, Desta K. Prevalence and associated risk factors for Hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:721. [PMID: 32429964 PMCID: PMC7236441 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08893-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, there is an increased flow of refugees into Ethiopia from neighboring countries. However, there are no post-arrival screening mechanisms for hepatitis B and C viruses which could be an additional burden for the local population. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for hepatitis B and C viruses among refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia. It also aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning hepatitis B and C viruses among participants. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 453 refugees in Gambella, Ethiopia from January until May 2018. A questionnaire was used to collect data on refugees' socio-demographic, risk factors, and KAP of hepatitis B and C infections. Five milliliters of blood sample were collected from each participant and the serum was used for HBsAg and anti-HCV antibody screening rapid tests. Positive samples were further tested by ELISA method. Data were performed using SPSS version 20, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV among refugees was 7.3% (33/453) and 2.0% (9/453) respectively. Of these, 6.8% (25/370) and 1.4% (5/370) of females were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV, whereas 9.6% (8/83) and 4.8% (4/83) of males were positive for HBsAg and anti-HCV. The age group of 18-29 and 30-41 years old were related to HCV infection (P = 0.003 and P = 0.020). However, proposed risk factors were not related to HBV and HCV infections. Knowledge assessment showed that 86.5% (392/453) did not know how HBV and HCV infections are transmitted, and 86.8% (393/453) had no information about the availability of HBV vaccine. CONCLUSION This study showed intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in a large refugee camp in Ethiopia. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus was found to increase with age, but no other risk factor for either virus identified as significant. Refugees' understanding of hepatitis B and C was very limited. This indicates the need for screening policy to be implemented and integrated with other health services and awareness creation about the infection in all refugee camps of Gambella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiyu Ayele
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ethiopian Airport, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Melese Hailu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Birhanu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Assosa University, Assosa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Prevalence and Knowledge of Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Pregnant Women in the Ningo-Prampram District, Ghana. Int J Hepatol 2020; 2020:7965146. [PMID: 32411482 PMCID: PMC7204257 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7965146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has been suggested to play a role in various adverse birth outcomes. The study determined the prevalence as well as knowledge of hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in the Ningo-Prampram District of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study using simple random sampling technique was used to recruit 213 pregnant women receiving antenatal care in three different health facilities (Prampram Polyclinic (PPC), Dangme Community Hospital (DCH), and Old Ningo Health Center (ONHC)) in the Ningo-Prampram District of Ghana from November 2018 to January 2019. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data which included participants' HBsAg test results, sociodemographic and gynaecological characteristics, and their level of knowledge on HBV infection. Knowledge of the participants on HBV infection was classified as either excellent, good, or poor based on their cumulative percentage scores from the questionnaire according to Al Rubaish system of classification. RESULTS Overall low-intermediate prevalence of HBV infection was 3.3%; however, PPC recorded the highest prevalence of 4.0% while DCH and ONHC recorded 2.82% and 2.50%, respectively. Statistically significant association was observed between HBV infection and the health facility. Majority (77.40%) of the study participants had poor knowledge on HBV infection while only 14 (6.57%) had excellent knowledge on HBV. Regarding excellent knowledge, 8 (11.0%) among the participants were demonstrated by the majority of those who received antenatal care from DCH. Generally, knowledge on HBV and the infection was poor among the study participants. Knowledge on HBV infection was found to be associated with residential status (p = 0.006), educational level (p < 0.001), occupation (p < 0.001), and gestational period (p < 0.001). Participant's knowledge was also significantly associated with the health facility (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION HBV infection among pregnant women is prevalent in the Ningo-Prampram District even though the prevalence is not very high. The majority of pregnant women in the Ningo-Prampram District inadequate knowledge on HBV infection and it mode of transmission. Intensive public health education on the HBV infection is required in the district to help prevent and manage future transmissions as well as inform the population about the negative side effects of the virus and the need to prevent it by way of vaccination.
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Alassan KS, Imorou RS, Sonombiti H, Salifou K, Ouendo EM. [Seroprevalence and factors associated with viral hepatitis B among pregnant women in Parakou, Republic of Benin]. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:226. [PMID: 31692755 PMCID: PMC6814903 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.226.19429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
L'objectif est de déterminer la séroprévalence et les facteurs associés à l'hépatite virale B chez les gestantes au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Départemental du Borgou (CHUD-B). Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique avec recueil prospectif des données. Elle a porté sur les gestantes suivies et/ou ayant accouchées au CHUD-B du 1er avril 2017 au 30 juin 2017. Étaient incluses, celles ayant données leur consentement à participer à l'étude. Les variables étudiées étaient les données sociodémographiques des gestantes et le résultat de l'AgHBs. La recherche de l'AgHBs sur les prélèvements sanguins des gestantes était faite par un test biologique de diagnostic rapide. Les résultats positifs étaient confirmés par la technique ELISA. Deux cent quatorze (214) gestantes étaient incluses dans l'étude. Leur âge moyen était de 26,73 ± 5,68 ans. L'âge médian de la grossesse en cours était de 31 semaines d'aménorrhée (SA) avec des extrêmes de 4 SA et 42 SA. Parmi elles, 30 femmes étaient dépistées positives à l'AgHBs soit une prévalence de 14,02%. Les facteurs associés à ce portage étaient la pratique des scarifications, l'antécédent personnel d'ictère et les antécédents familiaux d'hépatite virale B. La séroprévalence de l'hépatite virale B chez les gestantes au CHUD-B est élevée ce qui rend bien compte du problème majeur de santé publique que pose l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B sous nos cieux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Honorat Sonombiti
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHUD-B, Parakou, République du Bénin
| | - Kabibou Salifou
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, CHUD-B, Parakou, République du Bénin
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Daw MA, Daw AM, Sifennasr NEM, Draha AM, Daw AM, Daw AM, Ahmed MO, Mokhtar ES, El-Bouzedi A, Daw IM. The Epidemiology of Hepatitis D Virus in North Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ScientificWorldJournal 2018; 2018:9312650. [PMID: 30356409 PMCID: PMC6178169 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9312650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection has been considered a serious neglected pandemic, particularly in developing countries. The virus causes a more severe disease than mono infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). The epidemiology of HDV is not well documented in North Africa, which is known to be endemic for HBV. In this study, we explored the prevalence of HDV infection and also attempted to identify factors associated with hepatitis D positive status among chronic hepatitis B patients in North Africa. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched for all papers published between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2017, using appropriate strategies containing all related keywords, including North Africa, names of countries in the region, and all permutations of hepatitis D virus. The estimated prevalence of HDV in North Africa was calculated as an average of the pooled infection prevalence in each country weighted by the ratio of the country's hepatitis D virus population to the study's sample size in the survey data analysis. FINDINGS A total of 312 studies were identified and 32 were included in this study, with a total sample of 4907 individuals screened for HDV. There was considerable variability in the prevalence estimates of HDV within the countries of the region. The overall prevalence of HDV in the general population of North Africa was 5·01% (95% CI: 1·25-8·27) and in liver disease patients it was 20.7% (95% CI:9.87-44.53). Genotype-1 was the most prominent genotype reported in five published studies. Ten studies reported on HDV RNA in participants who were seropositive for HDV, and four studies highlighted the impact of demographic factors (sex and age). No study showed the impact of risk factors on the prevalence of HDV in North Africa. INTERPRETATION This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the burden of HDV in Northern Africa. There were significant differences in seroprevalence, study population, and diagnostic testing between the countries in the region. The results presented here will alert health professionals to implement clear policies based on evidence to diminish the burden of HDV infection. Such measures may include but are not restricted to improving the laboratory diagnostic tests and initiating patient data registries and blood screening. Further epidemiological and research studies are needed to explore the risk factors, coinfections, and approaches to increase testing for HDV, particularly in high-risk subpopulations, such as intravenous drug users and immigrants, and to define the consequences of HDV infection in North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Daw
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Amina M. Daw
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Nadia E. M. Sifennasr
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Aisha M. Draha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ahmed M. Daw
- Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ali M. Daw
- Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Mohamed O. Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ebtisam S. Mokhtar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Abdallah El-Bouzedi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Ibrahem M. Daw
- Department of Planning, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tripoli, CC 82668, Tripoli, Libya
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