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Twimukye A, Alhassan Y, Ringwald B, Malaba T, Myer L, Waitt C, Lamorde M, Reynolds H, Khoo S, Taegtmeyer M. Support, not blame: safe partner disclosure among women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy in South Africa and Uganda. AIDS Res Ther 2024; 21:14. [PMID: 38481233 PMCID: PMC10938717 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-024-00600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV partner disclosure rates remain low among pregnant women living with HIV in many African countries despite potential benefits for women and their families. Partner disclosure can trigger negative responses like blame, violence, and separation. Women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy have limited time to prepare for partner disclosure. We sought to understand challenges around partner disclosure and non-disclosure faced by women diagnosed with HIV late in pregnancy in South Africa and Uganda and to explore pathways to safe partner disclosure. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with pregnant women and lactating mothers living with HIV (n = 109), disaggregated by antenatal care (ANC) initiation before and after 20 weeks of gestation, male partners (n = 87), and health workers (n = 53). All participants were recruited from DolPHIN2 trial sites in Kampala (Uganda) and Gugulethu (South Africa). Topic guides explored barriers to partner disclosure, effects of non-disclosure, strategies for safe disclosure. Using the framework analysis approach, we coded and summarised data based on a socio-ecological model, topic guides, and emerging issues from the data. Data was analysed in NVivo software. RESULTS Our findings illustrate pregnant women who initiate ANC late experience many difficulties which are compounded by the late HIV diagnosis. Various individual, interpersonal, community, and health system factors complicate partner disclosure among these women. They postpone or decide against partner disclosure mainly for own and baby's safety. Women experience stress and poor mental health because of non-disclosure while demonstrating agency and resilience. We found many similarities and some differences around preferred approaches to safe partner disclosure among female and male participants across countries. Women and male partners preferred healthcare workers to assist with disclosure by identifying the 'right' time to disclose, mentoring women to enhance their confidence and communication skills, and providing professional mediation for partner disclosure and couple testing. Increasing the number of counsellors and training them on safe partner disclosure was deemed necessary for strengthening local health services to improve safe partner disclosure. CONCLUSION HIV diagnosis late in pregnancy amplifies existing difficulties among pregnant women. Late ANC initiation is an indicator for the likelihood that a pregnant woman is highly vulnerable and needs safeguarding. Respective health programmes should be prepared to offer women initiating ANC late in pregnancy additional support and referral to complementary programmes to achieve safe partner disclosure and good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelline Twimukye
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yussif Alhassan
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Beate Ringwald
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Thokozile Malaba
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catriona Waitt
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Helen Reynolds
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Tropical Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miriam Taegtmeyer
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
- Tropical Infectious Disease Unit, Liverpool University Hospital Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Tessema BT, Bune GT, Mamo ZB. Non-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Serostatus: Unmatched Case-Control Study in People Living with HIV in Public Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:313-324. [PMID: 37323770 PMCID: PMC10263022 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s405818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-disclosure of HIV-positive status (NDHPSS) is the individual's experience of hiding their HIV status from other people or groups. People who fail to reveal their HIV-positive serostatus risk contracting the virus again, not receiving the best possible care, and even dying. Purpose To assess predictors of NDHPSS in people living with HIV in public health facilities in Gedeo-Zone, Southern-Ethiopia. Methods In Gedeo-Zone, Southern Ethiopia, a facility-based, unmatched, case-control study was carried out from the first of February to March 30, 2022GC. With a case-to-control ratio of 1:1, a total of 360 respondents (89 cases and 271 controls) were involved. The respondents were chosen using a sequential sampling technique. EpiData-V-3.1 was used to enter the data, and SPSS-V-25 was used to analyse it. To determine the factors that were connected to the result, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed. AOR at the 95% confidence interval and p-values under 0.05 were utilised to explain their statistical significance. Results The study had 360 participants in total-271 controls and 89 cases-resulting in a response rate of 97.6%. The average age of the participants was 35.6 years (SD: 8.3). After adjusting the possible confounders, sex (AOR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.04-7.56), residence (AORs = 3.52, 95% CI: 2.83-9.39), WHO clinical stage I (AORs = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.9-22.1), short duration of ART follow-up care (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.65-10.73), and number of lifetime sexual partners (AOR = 6.9, 95% CI: 1.86-26.3) were significantly associated factors with the outcome. Conclusion According to this study, living in a rural area and being in WHO clinical stage one, in addition to being a woman and having multiple sexual partners during one's lifetime, were predictors of non-disclosure of an HIV-positive serostatus. As a result, encouraging people with HIV in WHO stage I and those who have had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime to disclose their status and expanding counselling services for rural residents and women have a substantial impact on reducing the HIV load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betelhem Tadesse Tessema
- Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Girma Tenkolu Bune
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Berhanu Mamo
- Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Science and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
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Kavuma D, Kirwana VB, Taani M. Factors Associated with HIV Positive Serostatus Disclosure to Sexual Partners Among Sexually Active Young People on Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Central Uganda. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2023; 15:293-311. [PMID: 37312814 PMCID: PMC10259591 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s407535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV serostatus disclosure is a fundamental HIV prevention and care strategy yet with a paucity of literature. This study comprehended the factors associated with HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among young people aged 15-24 years on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods This explanatory sequential study utilized quantitative data from 238 young people who had been on ART for over 12 months and were sexually active for at least 6 months in seven districts of Central Uganda. Pearson's Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression analysis at α=0.05 was used to determine the factors associated with serostatus disclosure among study participants. Qualitative data from 18 young people were collected using an in-depth interview guide and analyzed thematically. Results Non-disclosure was at 26.9%, one-way disclosure was at 24.4%, and two-way disclosure was at 48.7%. Participants who contracted HIV from their partners were three times more likely (RRR=2.752; 95% CI: 1.100-6.888) to have one-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Those who contracted HIV from their partners were twice more likely (RRR=2.357; 95% CI: 1.065-5.214) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who had a perinatal infection. Participants who stayed with their partners were four times more likely (RRR=3.869; 95% CI: 1.146-13.060) to have two-way disclosure than non-disclosure, compared to those who stayed with their parents. Young people disclosed because they were tired of secrecy and desired treatment adherence and did not disclose due to fear of stigma and losing their partners' support. Conclusion Many sexually active young people on ART did not disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners mainly due to poverty, having multiple-sexual partners, and stigma. Interventions fighting stigma, multiple-sexual relationships, and poverty among sexually active young people on ART should be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kavuma
- Mildmay Institute of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- School of Graduate Studies, Uganda Martyrs University-Nkozi, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Venantius Bbaale Kirwana
- Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning, Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights Alliance, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University School of Statistics and Applied Economics, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Taani
- Community Systems Strengthening, Mubende Region, Mildmay Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
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Lukyamuzi Z, Ssuna B, Mirembe RN, Mawanda D, Maena J, Nakalega R, Atuhaire P, Musoke P, Butler LM. Incidence of HIV disclosure among HIV affected heterosexual partners using a community health worker led mechanism in rural Uganda; a quasi-experimental study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:318. [PMID: 37170206 PMCID: PMC10173523 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV disclosure is vital in HIV management. Community Health Workers (CHW) were reported to support partner disclosure among HIV affected heterosexual partners with disclosure difficulties. However, time to disclosure attributed to use of CHW led disclosure support mechanism was not documented. This study compared the incidence of sexual partner disclosure among adults living with HIV (ALHIV) with CHW support and those without in the greater Luwero region, Uganda. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental study with two arms allocated by geographically determined clusters and adjusted for between-group differences; among ALHIV in the greater Luwero region of Uganda who had never disclosed to their current primary sexual partners. We allocated study clusters to either a CHW-led intervention or control arm. In both arms, we consecutively recruited participants; those in the intervention arm received CHW disclosure support in addition to routine care. The overall follow-up was six months, and the primary outcome was disclosure to the partner. We used survival analysis with proportional hazard ratios to determine the time to partner disclosure in both arms. RESULTS A total of 245 participants were enrolled, and 230 (93.9%) completed the study; of these, 112 (48.7%) were in the intervention and 118 (51.3%) in the control arm. The mean age was 31 ± 8 years with a range of 18 to 55 years; the majority were females, 176 (76.5%). The cumulative incidence of disclosure was higher in the intervention arm, 8.76 [95% CI: 7.20-10.67] per 1,000 person-days versus 5.15 [95%CI: 4.85-6.48] per 1,000 person-days in the control arm, log-rank test, X2 = 12.93, P < 0.001. Male gender, aHR = 1.82, tertiary education, aHR = 1.51, and relationship duration of > six months, aHR = 1.19 predicted disclosure. Prior disclosure to a relative, aHR = 0.55, and having more than one sexual partner in the past three months, aHR = 0.74, predicted non-disclosure. CONCLUSION CHW-led support mechanism increased the rate of sexual partner disclosure among ALHIV with disclosure difficulties. Therefore, to achieve the global targets of ending HIV, near location CHW-led disclosure support mechanism may be used to hasten HIV disclosure in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Lukyamuzi
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda.
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Bashir Ssuna
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium (U-TIRC), Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Nabisere Mirembe
- Infectious Diseases Institute (IDI), College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis Mawanda
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joel Maena
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rita Nakalega
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patience Atuhaire
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University, Johns Hopkins University (MU-JHU) Research Collaboration, Upper Mulago Hill Road, Kampala, Uganda
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Tibebu NS, Rade BK, Kebede AA, Kassie BA. Disclosure of HIV status to sexual partner and its associated factors among pregnant women living with HIV attending prenatal care in Amhara Regional state Referral Hospitals, Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280045. [PMID: 36649277 PMCID: PMC9844863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) status to sexual partners plays a significant role in the successful prevention and care of HIV infection. Pregnant women who did not reveal their HIV status to their sexual partners make the prevention and control efforts challenging. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess HIV status disclosure to sexual partners and associated factors among pregnant women living with HIV attending prenatal care in Amhara Regional state referral Hospitals, Ethiopia in 2021. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 17th, 2020 to March 1st, 2021. A total of 423 pregnant women living with HIV were participated in this study. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select all eligible women. Data was collected using a semi-structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. EPI INFO version 7 and SPSS version 21 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Both univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to find factors associated with women's disclosure status to a sexual partner. Statistical association was decided based on the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p-value of ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of disclosure of their HIV status to their sexual partners was 73% (95% CI: 68.9%, 77.3%). Being an urban resident (AOR = 5.04, 95% CI: 2.14, 11.81), diagnosed HIV before pregnancy (AOR = 7.77, 95% CI: 3.09, 19.52), disclosing their HIV status to others (AOR = 7.01, 95% CI: 3.78, 13.25), planned pregnancy (AOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.32, 4.57), and having good knowledge on HIV/AIDS prevention (AOR = 2.19, 95% CI:1.22, 3.94) were found to be statistically significant with women's disclosure of their HIV status to their sexual partner. CONCLUSION In this study, nearly three-fourth of pregnant women disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partner. Thus, setting strategies in preventing unplanned pregnancy, HIV diagnosed before pregnancy, and increasing knowledge of HIV prevention will have significant role in escalating women's disclosure status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebiyu Solomon Tibebu
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Bayew Kelkay Rade
- Department of General Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Azmeraw Ambachew Kebede
- Department of Clinical Midwifery, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belayneh Ayanaw Kassie
- Department of Women’s and Family Health, School of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Mosisa G, Mulisa D, Oluma A, Bayisa L, Merdassa E, Bayisa D, Tamiru A, Tolossa T, Chala Diriba D, Fetensa G, Wakuma B. HIV sero-status disclosure and associated factors among HIV positive women in East Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Implications for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission. Front Public Health 2022; 10:919410. [PMID: 36483255 PMCID: PMC9723243 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.919410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women's HIV-positive disclosure plays a pivotal role to achieve the goal of preventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) among pregnant women in particular. Although several primary studies were conducted in the different countries of East Africa, no study concluded the prevalence of women's HIV status disclosure and associated factors in East Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the pooled prevalence of disclosure status and associated factors among women in East Africa. Objectives To assess the pooled prevalence of HIV sero-status disclosure and associated factors among women in East Africa. Methods HINARI, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and STATA v 14.1 was used for the analysis. The Funnel plots and Egger's statistical test was used to check publication bias. Heterogeneity was assessed by conducting sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Result The pooled prevalence of sero-status disclosure among women in East Africa was 73.77% (95%CI 67.76, 79.77). Knowing partner's sero-status (OR = 10.04(95%CI 3.36, 31.84), married (OR = 2.46 (95%CI 1.23, 4.89), smooth relationship (OR = 3.30 (95%CI 1.39, 7.84), and discussion on HIV before the test (OR = 6.96 (95%CI 3.21, 15.05) were identified determinants of HIV sero-status disclosure. Conclusion The current systematic and meta-analysis revealed that nearly one-fourth of women had not disclosed HIV sero-status to at least one individual. Knowing the partner's HIV sero-status, being married, having a smooth relationship, and discussing on HIV before the test were determinants of disclosure status. Therefore, disclosure of HIV-positive sero-status among women living with HIV needs to be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getu Mosisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Mulisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Oluma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Emiru Merdassa
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Afework Tamiru
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
- Deakin Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Dereje Chala Diriba
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Getahun Fetensa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Lukyamuzi Z, Nabisere RM, Nakalega R, Atuhaire P, Kataike H, Ssuna B, Baroudi M, Kiweewa FM, Musoke P, Butler LM. Community Health Workers Improve HIV Disclosure Among HIV-Affected Sexual Partners in Rural Uganda: A Quasi-Experimental Study. GLOBAL HEALTH, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022; 10:e2100631. [PMID: 36316143 PMCID: PMC9622292 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-21-00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the efficacy of a community health worker (CHW)-led intervention in supporting disclosure among adults living with HIV in heterosexual relationships. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental study with 2 arms allocated by geographically determined clusters and adjusted for between-group differences among adults living with HIV in the greater Luwero region of Uganda who had never disclosed their status to their current primary sexual partners. Clusters were allocated to either a CHW-led intervention or a control arm. In both arms, participants were consecutively recruited. As opposed to receiving routine care for the control arm, participants in the intervention arm received additional CHW disclosure support. The overall follow-up was 6 months, and the primary outcome was disclosure to the sexual partner. Data were analyzed using a clustered modified Poisson regression model with robust standard errors to determine independent factors associated with disclosure. RESULTS Of the 245 participants who enrolled, 230 (93.9%) completed the study, and 112 (48.7%) of those were in the intervention arm. The median age was 30 (interquartile range=25-37) years, the majority were women (76.5%), and most (80%) did not know their partners' HIV status at study entry. At the end of follow-up, the overall disclosure prevalence was 74.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]=68.2, 79.9) and participants in the intervention arm were 51% more likely to disclose compared to those in the control (adjusted relative ratio [aRR]=1.51; 95% CI=1.28, 1.77). Men were 24% (aRR=1.24; 95% CI=1.07, 1.44) more likely to disclose compared to women, and membership in an HIV/AIDS association increased disclosure by 18% (aRR=1.18; 95% CI=1.01, 1.39). CONCLUSION CHW support improved disclosure among adults living with HIV in heterosexual relationships when compared to routine care. Therefore, CHW-led mechanisms may be utilized in increasing disclosure among adults living with HIV in heterosexual relationships in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Lukyamuzi
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ruth Mirembe Nabisere
- Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rita Nakalega
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patience Atuhaire
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hajira Kataike
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bashir Ssuna
- Uganda Tuberculosis Implementation Research Consortium, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mazen Baroudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Flavia Matovu Kiweewa
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lisa M Butler
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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Awareness of HIV serostatus by sex partners of women living with HIV in North-Central Nigeria: correlates and predictive analyses. J Biosoc Sci 2022; 54:572-582. [PMID: 34162450 PMCID: PMC8702574 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-communication of HIV status among sex partners is a notable hurdle in halting transmission, largely due to socio-cultural factors. This study aimed to predict the determinants of male partners' awareness of women's serostatus. A total of 8825 women of reproductive age living with HIV who were clients at five comprehensive HIV treatment centres in Benue State, North-Central Nigeria were surveyed between June and December 2017, and 6655 reported having a sexual partner at the time of the survey selected for analysis. A regression model was used to estimate the determinants of male partner awareness of serostatus from the perspective of women. Conditional marginal analyses were conducted to evaluate the marginal effects of identified predictors on the probability of outcomes. Partners of married women were found to have greater odds of being aware of their spouse's serostatus (adjusted OR (aOR): 3.20; 95%CI: 2.13-4.81) than non-married partners. Similarly, the odds of male partner awareness increased with the years women had been on antiretroviral therapy (aOR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.07-1.20). The probability of partners of married respondents being aware of their spouse's HIV serostatus was 97%. The conditional marginal effects of being educated to primary or higher level were 1.2 (95% CI: -0.2 to 2.7) and 1.8 (95% CI: 0.09-3.4) percentage points higher respectively when compared with women with no formal education. Being unemployed or being a trader significantly decreased the probability of partners being aware of respondents' serostatus when compared with farmers; conditional marginal effects of -6.7 (95% CI: -12.0 to -1.4) and -3.9 (95% CI: -5.7 to -2.2) percentage points, respectively. The study found that relationship status and girl-child education are factors that can improve communication of HIV status to sex partners. Policies and interventions aimed at improving the social determinants of health, and social support for healthy communications in relationships, are recommended to reduce HIV transmission between sex partners.
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Alhassan Y, Twimukye A, Malaba T, Myer L, Waitt C, Lamorde M, Colbers A, Reynolds H, Khoo S, Taegtmeyer M. "It's only fatness, it doesn't kill": a qualitative study on perceptions of weight gain from use of dolutegravir-based regimens in women living with HIV in Uganda. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:246. [PMID: 35729541 PMCID: PMC9210809 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimens have been recommended by the WHO as the preferred first-line and second-line HIV treatment in all populations. Evidence suggests an association with weight gain, particularly among black women. Our study investigated perceptions of weight gain from DTG-based regimen use on body image and adherence of antiretroviral therapy in women living with HIV (WLHIV) in Uganda. Methods Between April and June 2021, we conducted semi-structured interviews involving 25 WLHIV (adolescents, women of reproductive potential and post-menopausal women) and 19 healthcare professionals (clinicians, nurses, ART managers and counsellors) purposively selected from HIV clinics in Kampala. The interviews explored perceptions of body weight and image; experiences and management of weight related side effects associated with DTG; and knowledge and communication of DTG-related risks. Data was analysed thematically in NVivo 12 software. Results Our findings indicate WLHIV in Uganda commonly disliked thin body size and aspired to gain moderate to high level body weight to improve their body image, social standing and hide their sero-positive status. Both WLHIV and healthcare professionals widely associated weight gain with DTG use, although it was rarely perceived as an adverse event and was unlikely to be reported or to alter medication adherence. Clinical management and pharmacovigilance of DTG-related weight gain were hampered by the limited knowledge of WLHIV of the health risks of being over-weight and obesity; lack of diagnostic equipment and resources; and limited clinical guidance for managing weight gain and associated cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Conclusions The study highlights the significance of large body-size in promoting psychosocial wellbeing in WLHIV in Uganda. Although weight gain is recognized as a side effect of DTG, it may be welcomed by some WLHIV. Healthcare professionals should actively talk about and monitor for weight gain and occurrence of associated comorbidities to facilitate timely interventions. Improved supply of diagnostic equipment and support with sufficient guidance for managing weight gain for healthcare professionals in Uganda are recommended. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12905-022-01814-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yussif Alhassan
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | | | - Thokozile Malaba
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Landon Myer
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catriona Waitt
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.,Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammed Lamorde
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Angela Colbers
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Reynolds
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saye Khoo
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Miriam Taegtmeyer
- Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.,Tropical Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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Rahmalia A, Wisaksana R, Laga M, van Crevel R, Peeters Grietens K. Facilitators and barriers to status disclosure and partner testing of women living with HIV in Indonesia: a mixed methods study. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2022; 30:2028971. [PMID: 35167424 PMCID: PMC8856062 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2022.2028971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This mixed-methods study investigated HIV status disclosure and partner testing of women living with HIV (WLWH) in a concentrated epidemic setting in Bandung, Indonesia. The qualitative exploratory strand used theoretical sampling to carry out semi-structured interviews with 47 HIV-infected women with varying anti-retroviral therapy status. The quantitative strand included 122 female patients receiving HIV care at a referral clinic. HIV diagnosis made women reassess their sexual partnerships. Some lost their partner due to death or divorce. Women with a longstanding HIV infection often formed new partnerships. They disclosed their status to new partners without assistance from health providers; the type and stability of the partnership influenced decision to disclose. Fear of rejection prevented initial disclosure prior to bringing the new partners to a health provider. Disclosure did not always result in partner testing because of low risk-awareness or denial of the partner. Despite a similar proportion of status disclosure to partner (92.8%), only 53.7% of new partners of WLWH were tested in contrast to 89.7% of partners tested among WLWH who stayed with the same partner. In antenatal care, where same-day testing was often done for pregnant couples, more partners were tested. Overall, consistent condom use was low and HIV status forced WLWH who continued sex work to work at settings where condom use was not enforced. WLWH face barriers to HIV status disclosure and partner testing and would benefit from partnership counselling. Guidelines for partner notification and testing should include specific strategies for women with longstanding HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annisa Rahmalia
- Researcher, Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Correspondence:
| | - Rudi Wisaksana
- Head of HIV Research Group, Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Marie Laga
- Professor, Sexual Health and HIV, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Professor, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Peeters Grietens
- Professor, Head of Socio-Ecological Health Research (SEHR) Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Izudi J, Okoboi S, Lwevola P, Kadengye D, Bajunirwe F. Effect of disclosure of HIV status on patient representation and adherence to clinic visits in eastern Uganda: A propensity-score matched analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258745. [PMID: 34665842 PMCID: PMC8525739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status improves adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increases the chance of virological suppression and retention in care. However, information on the effect of disclosure of HIV status on adherence to clinic visits and patient representation is limited. We evaluated the effects of disclosure of HIV status on adherence to clinic visits and patient representation among people living with HIV in eastern Uganda. METHODS In this quasi-randomized study, we performed a propensity-score-matched analysis on observational data collected between October 2018 and September 2019 from a large ART clinic in eastern Uganda. We matched participants with disclosed HIV status to those with undisclosed HIV status based on similar propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio using the nearest neighbor caliper matching technique. The primary outcomes were patient representation (the tendency for patients to have other people pick-up their medications) and adherence to clinic visits. We fitted a logistic regression to estimate the effects of disclosure of HIV status, reported using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Of 957 participants, 500 were matched. In propensity-score matched analysis, disclosure of HIV status significantly impacts adherence to clinic visits (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.36) and reduced patient representation (OR = O.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.76). Sensitivity analysis showed robustness to unmeasured confounders (Gamma value = 2.2, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Disclosure of HIV status is associated with increased adherence to clinic visits and lower representation to collect medicines at the clinic. Disclosure of HIV status should be encouraged to enhance continuity of care among people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Izudi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Stephen Okoboi
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
- Infectious Diseases Institute, School of Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Lwevola
- Institute of Public Health and Management, Clarke International University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Damazo Kadengye
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), APHRC Campus, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Bajunirwe
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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12
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Benayew Shifraew M, Teshome Shiferaew M, Zeleke Mitiku H, Ayalew AF. HIV-Positive Status Disclosure to Sexual Partner and Associated Factors Among Adult HIV-Positive Patients in Debre Markos Town, 2019. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2021; 13:571-579. [PMID: 34079384 PMCID: PMC8163629 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s293017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive status non-disclosure to a sexual partner is a public health problem where a high prevalence of HIV infection is reported in a region with poor partner disclosure status. This study aimed to assess HIV-positive status disclosure to sexual partners and associated factors among adult HIV clients at Debre Markos town, Amhara Regional State Ethiopia, in 2019. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 406 adult HIV-positive clients in Debre Markos town from September 1 to 30, 2019. Epidata version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for data analysis were used. Bivariable and multivariable logistic analyses at (p<0.05) were performed. RESULTS From 421 study participants, 406 were participated giving response rate of 96.4%. The proportion of HIV status disclosure to sexual partner was 92.6%. Male sex (AOR = 2.863, 95%, CI = 1.147-7.146), urban residence (AOR = 2.438, 95% CI = 1.032-5.759), knowing sexual partner's HIV status (AOR = 2.749, 95% CI = 1.015-7.441), good anti-retroviral medication adherence status (AOR = 2.445, 95% CI = 1.023-5.845), and being a member of an anti-HIV club (AOR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.314-7.171) were factors significantly associated with HIV-positive status disclosure at p value <0.05. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION The proportion of HIV-positive status disclosure to sexual partners was high. This study recommended that it is better to promote antiretroviral treatment adherence counseling, mutual partner HIV testing, and membership of anti-HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) club through extensive health education with particular attention given to females and rural residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Benayew Shifraew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Teshome Shiferaew
- Departments of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Haymanot Zeleke Mitiku
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Amhara, Ethiopia
| | - Agumas Fentahun Ayalew
- Department of Public Health Salale, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
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13
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Ambissa M, Sendo EG, Assefa Y, Guta A. HIV-positive status disclosure to a sexual partner and associated factors among HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250637. [PMID: 33905432 PMCID: PMC8078815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnant women who disclose their HIV-positive status to their sexual partners have played an important role in reducing the risk of HIV/AIDS transmission to the baby during the antepartum, intrapartum, and postnatal periods. Studies are limited in the current study area in a similar arena. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of HIV-positive status disclosure and its associated factors among pregnant women. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 HIV-positive pregnant women in Dire Dawa administrative from March 12th to May 10th, 2020. Data were generated using a pretested structured questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the predictor variables associated with the disclosure of HIV-positive status among pregnant women to their sexual partners. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals at P-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the total, 135 (86.5%) of HIV-positive pregnant women disclosed their HIV status to their sexual partner. Christian followers (both Orthodox and Protestant) [AOR = 8.8, 95% CI: 2.3. 34] more likely to disclose HIV status to their sexual partner than those Muslims. Those participants who started practicing safer sex [AOR = 17.6, 95% CI: 4-77] and those women who had a smooth relationship before the HIV disclosure were [AOR = 14.7, 95% CI: 3-68.6] more likely to disclose HIV status to their sexual partner than their counterparts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of HIV serostatus disclosure by HIV-positive pregnant women attending antenatal care services to their sexual partners was encouraging. However, this does not mean that there is no need for further awareness and intervention. Hence, interventions to boost and support women in safely disclosing their HIV-positive status are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulusew Ambissa
- Black Lion Specialized Hospital, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Endalew Gemechu Sendo
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yeshi Assefa
- School of Nursing & Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Alemu Guta
- Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Tolossa T, Wakuma B, Besho M, Mulisa D, Fekadu G, Bayisa L, Tsegaye R. HIV serostatus disclosure and associated factors among HIV positive pregnant and lactating women at Nekemte public health facilities, western Ethiopia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248278. [PMID: 33739992 PMCID: PMC7978369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disclosure of Human Immune Virus (HIV) serostatus by pregnant and lactating women is crucial for the successful prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. However, little has been studied regarding the prevalence and factors associated with HIV status disclosure among HIV positive pregnant and lactating women in Ethiopia. METHODS An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Nekemte Public Health facilities among 380 pregnant and lactating women enrolled in universal antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment from January 2015-December, 2019. The data were collected by using a checklist, developed from Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) logbook, ART intake forms, and medical cards of the patients. Epidata version 3.2 was used for data entry, and then the data were exported to STATA version 14 for further analysis. The binary logistic regression model was employed to determine factors associated with the disclosure status among HIV positive pregnant and lactating women. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals was computed and statistical significance was declared when it is significant at a 5% level (p-value < 0.05). RESULTS A total of 380 women have participated in the study. Two hundred seventy-six (73.4%) of women had disclosed their HIV status to at least one individual. The study found living in urban (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.20), married women (OR = 4.16, 95% CI: 1.87, 9.24), higher educational status (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.31, 5.51), positive HIV status of partner (OR = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.17, 4.70), and being multipara (OR = 4.94, 95% CI: 2.29, 10.66) were independent determinants of HIV status disclosure. CONCLUSIONS HIV status disclosure among pregnant and lactating women in the study area was sub-optimal. Empowering women through education, encouraging partners for HIV testing, and enhancing active male involvement in HIV treatment and control programs should get due attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Merga Besho
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Diriba Mulisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Ginenus Fekadu
- School of Pharmacy, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Reta Tsegaye
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
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Mheidly N, Fares J. Health communication in low-income countries: A 60-year bibliometric and thematic analysis. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:163. [PMID: 32953895 PMCID: PMC7482704 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_384_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health communication is a field that uses social and behavioral models to improve health outcomes and raise awareness on major health risks that threaten human well-being. Low-income countries (LICs) suffer from the effects of communicable and noncommunicable diseases that are exacerbated by weak health-care systems, lack of awareness campaigns, and ineffective communication tactics. This work aims to explore health communication research in LICs to find strategies that help improve health outcomes in the future. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PubMed database was explored systematically for publications related to health communication from LICs between January 1, 1960, and January 1, 2020. Publications were categorized according to country of origin and were analyzed with respect to population size, gross domestic product (GDP), and primary school enrollment of each state as obtained from the World Bank Open Data. RESULTS Collectively, LICs published 796 contributions, comprising 1.08% of the total biomedical research published by LICs and 0.27% of the world's health communication research. Malawi had the highest number of publications per GDP, with 32.811 publications per billion US$. Uganda had the most contributions per population, with 9.579 publications per million persons. Ethiopia had the highest amount of contributions per primary school enrollment with a ratio of 2.461 publications per %gross. The role of health communication in promoting HIV awareness and prevention was the most common theme explored. Other infectious diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis, and Ebola, were also highlighted. Improving communication in health education was also explored. CONCLUSION Health communication is a rising field in LICs, with research focusing on disease prevention. Efforts to amplify research are key to effectively utilize the health communication models and improve health outcomes in LICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Mheidly
- Faculty of Information, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jawad Fares
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Charles J, Exavery A, Barankena A, Kuhlik E, Mubyazi GM, Abdul R, Koler A, Kikoyo L, Jere E. Determinants of undisclosed HIV status to a community-based HIV program: findings from caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children in Tanzania. AIDS Res Ther 2020; 17:42. [PMID: 32678036 PMCID: PMC7364533 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-020-00299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV status disclosure facilitates receipt of HIV prevention and treatment services. Although disclosure to sexual partners, family members or friends has been extensively studied, disclosure to community-based HIV programs is missing. This study assesses the magnitude of, and factors associated with undisclosed HIV status to a community-based HIV prevention program among caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Tanzania. Methods Data are from the USAID-funded Kizazi Kipya project that seeks to increase uptake of HIV, health, and social services by OVC and their caregivers in Tanzania. Data on OVC caregivers who were enrolled in the project during January–March 2017 in 18 regions of Tanzania were analyzed. Caregivers included were those who had complete information on their HIV status disclosure, household socioeconomic status, and sociodemographic characteristics. HIV status was self-reported, with undisclosed status representing all those who knew their HIV status but did not disclose it. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression, with caregivers’ HIV status disclosure being the outcome variable was conducted. Results The analysis was based on 59,683 OVC caregivers (mean age = 50.4 years), 71.2% of whom were female. Of these, 37.2% did not disclose their HIV status to the USAID Kizazi Kipya program at the time of enrollment. Multivariate analysis showed that the likelihood of HIV status non-disclosure was significantly higher among: male caregivers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.28); unmarried (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.03–1.23); widowed (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.07–1.18); those without health insurance (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.28–1.45); age 61 + years (OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.59–1.88); those with physical or mental disability (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25); and rural residents (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.34–1.86). HIV status non-disclosure was less likely with higher education (p < 0.001); and with better economic status (p < 0.001). Conclusion While improved education, economic strengthening support and expanding health insurance coverage appear to improve HIV status disclosure, greater attention may be required for men, unmarried, widowed, rural residents, and the elderly populations for their higher likelihood to conceal HIV status. This is a clear missed opportunity for timely care and treatment services for those that may be HIV positive. Further support is needed to support disclosure in this population.
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17
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Odiachi A, Sam-Agudu NA, Erekaha S, Isah C, Ramadhani HO, Swomen HE, Charurat M, Cornelius LJ. A mixed-methods assessment of disclosure of HIV status among expert mothers living with HIV in rural Nigeria. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232423. [PMID: 32353036 PMCID: PMC7192376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support provided by experienced and/or trained "expert" women living with HIV has been adopted by prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs across sub-Saharan Africa. While there is ample data on HIV status disclosure among non-expert women, there is little data on disclosure among such expert women, who support other women living with HIV. OBJECTIVE This study compared HIV disclosure rates between expert and non-expert mothers living with HIV, and contextualized quantitative findings with qualitative data from expert women. METHODS We compared survey data on HIV disclosure to male partners and family/friends from 37 expert and 100 non-expert mothers living with HIV in rural North-Central Nigeria. Four focus group discussions with expert mothers provided further context on disclosure to male partners, extended family and peers. Chi square and Fisher's exact tests were applied to quantitative data. Qualitative data were manually analyzed using a Grounded Theory approach. RESULTS Two-thirds of the 137 participants were 21-30 years old; 89.8% were married, and 52.3% had secondary-level education. Disclosure to male partners was higher among expert (100.0%) versus non-expert mothers (85.0%), p = 0.035. Disclosure to anyone (93.1% vs 80.8%, p = 0.156), and knowledge of male partners' HIV status were similar (75.7% versus 66.7%, p = 0.324) between expert and non-expert mothers, respectively. With respect to male partners, HIV serodiscordance rates were also similar (46.4% vs 55.6%, p = 0.433). Group discussions indicated that expert mothers did not consistently disclose to their mentored clients, with community-level stigma and discrimination stated as major reasons for this non-disclosure. CONCLUSIONS Expert mothers experience similar disclosure barriers as their non-expert peers, especially regarding disclosure outside of intimate relationships. Thus, attention to expert mothers' coping skills and disclosure status, particularly to mentored clients is important to maximize the impact of peer support in PMTCT. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registration number NCT01936753 (retrospective), September 3, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salome Erekaha
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Christopher Isah
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Habib O. Ramadhani
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Homsuk E. Swomen
- Sexual, Reproductive Health and Gender Unit, United Nations Population Fund, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Manhattan Charurat
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Llewellyn J. Cornelius
- School of Social Work and College of Public Health, University of Georgia Athens, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Nordberg B, Gabriel EE, Were E, Kaguiri E, Ekström AM, Kågesten A, Rautiainen S. Social concerns related to HIV status disclosure and participation in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV care among pregnant women in Kenya. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:225. [PMID: 32299386 PMCID: PMC7164265 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02907-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social concerns about unintentional HIV status disclosure and HIV-related stigma are barriers to pregnant women’s access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) care. There is limited quantitative evidence of women’s social and emotional barriers to PMTCT care and HIV disclosure. We aimed to investigate how social concerns related to participation in PMTCT care are associated with HIV status disclosure to partners and relatives among pregnant women living with HIV in western Kenya. Methods A cross-sectional study, including 437 pregnant women living with HIV, was carried out at enrolment in a multicentre mobile phone intervention trial (WelTel PMTCT) in western Kenya. Women diagnosed with HIV on the day of enrolment were excluded. To investigate social concerns and their association with HIV disclosure we used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and HIV-related characteristics, to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The majority (80%) had disclosed their HIV status to a current partner and 46% to a relative. Older women (35–44 years) had lower odds of disclosure to a partner (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.05–0.44) compared to women 18–24 years. The most common social concern was involuntary HIV status disclosure (reported by 21%). Concern about isolation or lack of support from family or friends was reported by 9%, and was associated with lower odds of disclosure to partners (OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.12–0.85) and relatives (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16–0.85). Concern about separation (reported by 5%; OR = 0.17; 95% CI: 0.05–0.57), and concern about conflict with a partner (reported by 5%; OR = 0.18; 95% CI: 0.05–0.67), was associated with lower odds of disclosure to a partner. Conclusions Compared to previous reports from Kenya, our estimated disclosure rate to a partner is higher, suggesting a possible improvement over time in disclosure. Younger pregnant women appear to be more likely to disclose, suggesting a possible decreased stigma and more openness about HIV among younger couples. Healthcare providers and future interventional studies seeking to increase partner disclosure should consider supporting women regarding their concerns about isolation, lack of support, separation, and conflict with a partner. PMTCT care should be organized to ensure women’s privacy and confidentiality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Nordberg
- Department of Global Public Health, Global and Sexual Health (GloSH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - Erin E Gabriel
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edwin Were
- Department of Reproductive Health, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - Anna Mia Ekström
- Department of Global Public Health, Global and Sexual Health (GloSH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Kågesten
- Department of Global Public Health, Global and Sexual Health (GloSH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Rautiainen
- Department of Global Public Health, Global and Sexual Health (GloSH), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
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