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Solís-Huerta F, Martinez-Guerra BA, Roman-Montes CM, Tamez-Torres KM, Rajme-Lopez S, Ortíz-Conchi N, López-García NI, Villalobos-Zapata GY, Rangel-Cordero A, Santiago-Cruz J, Xancal-Salvador LF, Méndez-Ramos S, Ochoa-Hein E, Galindo-Fraga A, Ponce-de-Leon A, Gonzalez-Lara MF, Sifuentes-Osornio J. Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Hospital-Acquired Infections in Hospitalized Patients with Severe COVID-19. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1108. [PMID: 37508204 PMCID: PMC10376785 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition of risk factors for hospital-acquired infections (HAI) in patients with COVID-19 is warranted. We aimed to describe factors associated with the development of HAI in patients with severe COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all adult patients admitted with severe COVID-19 between March 2020 and November 2020. The primary outcome was HAI development. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression models were constructed. Among 1540 patients, HAI occurred in 221 (14%). A total of 299 episodes of HAI were registered. The most common HAI were hospital-acquired/ventilation-associated pneumonia (173 episodes) and primary bloodstream infection (66 episodes). Death occurred in 387 (35%) patients and was more frequent in patients with HAI (38% vs. 23%, p < 0.01). Early mechanical ventilation (aOR 18.78, 95% CI 12.56-28.07), chronic kidney disease (aOR 3.41, 95% CI 1.4-8.27), use of corticosteroids (aOR 2.95, 95% CI 1.92-4.53) and tocilizumab (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.38-5.22), age ≥ 60 years (aOR 1.91, 95% CI 1.27-2.88), male sex (aOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.03-2.24), and obesity (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.03-2.15) were associated with HAI. In patients with severe COVID-19, mechanical ventilation within the first 24 h upon admission, chronic kidney disease, use of corticosteroids, use of tocilizumab, age ≥ 60 years, male sex, and obesity were associated with a higher risk of HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Solís-Huerta
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Medicine, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.M.R.-M.); (K.M.T.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (A.P.-d.-L.)
| | - Carla Marina Roman-Montes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.M.R.-M.); (K.M.T.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (A.P.-d.-L.)
| | - Karla Maria Tamez-Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.M.R.-M.); (K.M.T.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (A.P.-d.-L.)
| | - Sandra Rajme-Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.M.R.-M.); (K.M.T.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (A.P.-d.-L.)
| | - Narciso Ortíz-Conchi
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Norma Irene López-García
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Guadalupe Yvonne Villalobos-Zapata
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Andrea Rangel-Cordero
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Janet Santiago-Cruz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Luis Fernando Xancal-Salvador
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Steven Méndez-Ramos
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Eric Ochoa-Hein
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Hospital Epidemiology Department, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (E.O.-H.); (A.G.-F.)
| | - Arturo Galindo-Fraga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Hospital Epidemiology Department, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (E.O.-H.); (A.G.-F.)
| | - Alfredo Ponce-de-Leon
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (C.M.R.-M.); (K.M.T.-T.); (S.R.-L.); (A.P.-d.-L.)
| | - Maria Fernanda Gonzalez-Lara
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Infectious Diseases, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (N.O.-C.); (N.I.L.-G.); (G.Y.V.-Z.); (A.R.-C.); (J.S.-C.); (L.F.X.-S.); (S.M.-R.); (M.F.G.-L.)
| | - Jose Sifuentes-Osornio
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, General Direction, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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López Sánchez GF, López-Bueno R, Villaseñor-Mora C, Pardhan S. Comparison of Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors in Mexico in 2003 and 2014. Front Nutr 2022; 9:894904. [PMID: 35845804 PMCID: PMC9280272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.894904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Mexico is very high. This study aimed to compare the risk factors of diabetes mellitus in Mexican adults in 2003 and in 2014. Methods This study had a repeated cross-sectional design. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) from Mexico (Wave 0, 2003, and Wave 2, 2014) were compared. Self-reported diabetes mellitus (outcome) was evaluated with the yes/no question: "Have you ever been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (high blood sugar)?" Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential risk factors were conducted. Results In 11 years (2003-2014), the prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in Mexican adults increased by 2.6 times in those younger than 50 years (2003: 2.1%; 2014: 5.5%) and by 1.9 times in those ≥50 years (2003: 12.7%; 2014: 24.2%). In 2003, the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus were female sex (OR 1.344, 95% CI 1.176-1.536), age ≥50 years (OR 6.734, 95% CI 5.843-7.760), being overweight (OR 1.359, 95% CI 1.175-1.571), obesity (OR 1.871, 95% CI 1.583-2.211), and lower physical activity of <600 MET-minutes/week (OR 1.349, 95% CI 1.117-1.630). In 2014, the exposure characteristics significantly associated with diabetes mellitus were female sex (OR 1.244, 95% CI 1.025-1.511), older age ≥50 years (OR 4.608, 95% CI 3.260-6.515), being overweight (OR 1.649, 95% CI 1.305-2.083), obesity (OR 1.778, 95% CI 1.398-2.261), and in those who had not attended/completed primary school (OR 1.360, 95% CI 1.042-1.773). Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Mexico significantly increased from 2003 to 2014. Female sex, age older than 50 years, and being overweight or obese were significant risk factors in both 2003 and 2014. Not having completed primary school was a new significant risk factor in 2014. Public health policies and strategies should prioritize decreasing the high levels of overweight and obesity, and improve health literacy in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo F. López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Bueno
- Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Garcia-Rojas IJ, Omidakhsh N, Arah OA, Krause N. Blood Pressure Changes After a Health Promotion Program Among Mexican Workers. Front Public Health 2021; 9:683655. [PMID: 34249846 PMCID: PMC8261043 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.683655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular disease is becoming increasingly prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), and high blood pressure (BP) is one of the main risk factors. The efficacy and sustainability of worksite health promotion (WHP) programs for BP reduction in LMIC have yet to be determined. Methods: This non-randomized company-based trial evaluated 6- and 12-months effects of a WHP intervention on BP among 2,002 participating workers from seven Mexican companies. Intervention and control groups were assigned at the company level. The intervention included nutrition counseling, physical exercise, and stress management components. Mixed models assessed differences in BP change between intervention and control companies in intent-to-treat (ITT), per-protocol (PerP), and as-treated (AsTr) analyses, and also within-group changes stratified by company, intervention component, and baseline cardiovascular risk factor levels. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. We accounted for missing data and loss to follow-up using inverse probability of censoring weighting. Results: ITT analyses revealed mean BP change differences of -1.1 mmHg at 12 months (95% CI: -2.9; 0.6) in intervention companies relative to control companies. PerP and AsTr analyses confirmed this finding. Within-group analyses showed consistent BP reductions at both 6 and 12 months. Substantial differences in BP changes ranging from diastolic -6.1 mmHg, (95% CI: -11.2; -1.2) to systolic -13.0 mmHg (95% CI: -16.0; -10.1) were found among individuals with diabetes at baseline in intervention companies relative to control companies. Conclusion: After 1 year, WHP was associated with modest but uncertain BP reductions. Substantial reductions were mainly observed among diabetic workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel J. Garcia-Rojas
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Negar Omidakhsh
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Onyebuchi A. Arah
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Niklas Krause
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Fielding School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Curado DDSP, Gomes DF, Silva TBC, Almeida PHRF, Tavares NUL, Areda CA, da Silva EN. Direct cost of systemic arterial hypertension and its complications in the circulatory system from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system in 2019. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253063. [PMID: 34111216 PMCID: PMC8191920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), a global public health problem and the primary risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, has a significant financial impact on health systems. In Brazil, the prevalence of SAH is 23.7%, which caused 203,000 deaths and 3.9 million DALYs in 2015. OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost of SAH and circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system in 2019. METHODS A prevalence-based cost-of-illness was conducted using a top-down approach. The population attributable risk (PAR) was used to estimate the proportion of circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH. The direct medical costs were obtained from official Ministry of Health of Brazil records and literature parameters, including the three levels of care (primary, secondary, and tertiary). Deterministic univariate analyses were also conducted. RESULTS The total cost of SAH and the proportion of circulatory system diseases attributable to SAH was Int$ 581,135,374.73, varying between Int$ 501,553,022.21 and Int$ 776,183,338.06. In terms only of SAH costs at all healthcare levels (Int$ 493,776,445.89), 97.3% were incurred in primary care, especially for antihypertensive drugs provided free of charge by the Brazilian public health system (Int$ 363,888,540.14). Stroke accounted for the highest cost attributable to SAH and the third highest PAR, representing 47% of the total cost of circulatory diseases attributable to SAH. Prevalence was the parameter that most affected sensitivity analyses, accounting for 36% of all the cost variation. CONCLUSION Our results show that the main Brazilian strategy to combat SAH was implemented in primary care, namely access to free antihypertensive drugs and multiprofessional teams, acting jointly to promote care and prevent and control SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dalila Fernandes Gomes
- Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Camila Alves Areda
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Everton Nunes da Silva
- Graduate Program in Public Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
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Martínez-García M, Gutiérrez-Esparza GO, Roblero-Godinez JC, Marín-Pérez DV, Montes-Ruiz CL, Vallejo M, Hernández-Lemus E. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:631747. [PMID: 33708806 PMCID: PMC7940205 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.631747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complex etiology of CVD is known to be significantly affected by environmental and social factors. There is, however, a lag in our understanding of how population level components may be related to the onset and severity of CVD, and how some indicators of unsatisfied basic needs might be related to known risk factors. Here, we present a cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and Social Development Index (SDI) in adult individuals within a metropolitan urban environment. The six components of SDI as well as socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and risk behavior parameters were explored within the study population. As a result, several CVRF (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and sodium) were found in a higher proportion in the low or very low levels of the SDI, and this pattern occurs more in women than in men. Canonical analysis indicates a correlation between other socioeconomic features and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical factors (canonical coefficient = 0.8030). Further studies along these lines are needed to fully establish how to insert such associations into the design of health policy and interventions with a view to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in metropolitan urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Maite Vallejo
- Sociomedical Research, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Hernández-Lemus
- Computational Genomics Division, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bravo ML, Santiago-Angelino TM, González-Robledo LM, Nigenda G, Seiglie JA, Serván-Mori E. Incorporating genomic medicine into primary-level health care for chronic non-communicable diseases in Mexico: A qualitative study. Int J Health Plann Manage 2020; 35:1426-1437. [PMID: 32875630 PMCID: PMC7978503 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the viability of incorporating genomic medicine technology into the process of detecting and diagnosing chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) at primary-care facilities in Mexico, and to discuss its implications for health systems in other countries with similar characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted 29 semi-structured interviews with health authorities as well as providers and users of health services in the state of Morelos. We investigated knowledge of genomic technology among interviewees; the accessibility, management, and organization of health services; and CNCDs prevention, control, and care practices. RESULTS The incorporation of genomic medicine technology into the CNCDs primary-care process is viable. However, the following challenges were identified: a lack of knowledge and limited information among interviewees regarding the effectiveness and benefits of genomic medicine technology, coupled with the need to mobilize and reassign trained human resources for drawing, registering, safeguarding, transporting, and controlling the quality of the genetic samples, as well as for the outsourcing of private laboratory services. CONCLUSION Using genetic information to detect CNCDs at an early stage offers an enormous potential for upgrading CNCDs prevention and control efforts. This, in turn, could translate into more efficient and financially sustainable health systems in Mexico and other low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L. Bravo
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Gustavo Nigenda
- National School of Nursing and Obstetrics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Edson Serván-Mori
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Medina-Solís CE, Ávila-Burgos L, Borges-Yañez SA, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Sánchez-Pérez L, Zepeda-Zepeda MA, Lucas-Rincón SE, Medina-Solís JJ, Márquez-Corona MDL, Islas-Granillo H, Casanova-Rosado JF, Casanova-Rosado AJ, Minaya-Sánchez M, Villalobos-Rodelo JJ, Patiño-Marín N, Mendoza-Rodríguez M, Pontigo-Loyola AP, de la Rosa-Santillana R, Escoffié-Ramirez M, Fernández-Barrera MA, Maupomé G. Ecological study on needs and cost of treatment for dental caries in schoolchildren aged 6, 12, and 15 years: Data from a national survey in Mexico. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19092. [PMID: 32049814 PMCID: PMC7035119 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the treatment needs and the care index for dental caries in the primary dentition and permanent dentition of schoolchildren and to quantify the cost of care that would represent the treatment of dental caries in Mexico.A secondary analysis of data from the First National Caries Survey was conducted, which was a cross-sectional study conducted in the 32 states of Mexico. Based on dmft (average number of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth in the primary dentition) and DMFT (average number of decayed, extracted, and filled teeth in permanent dentition) information, a treatment needs index (TNI) and a caries care index (CI) were calculated.At age 6, the TNI for the primary dentition ranged from 81.7% to 99.5% and the CI ranged from 0.5% to 17.6%. In the permanent dentition, the TNI ranged from 58.8% to 100%, and the CI ranged from 0.0% to 41.2%. At age 12, the TNI ranged from 55.4% to 93.4%, and the CI ranged from 6.5% to 43.4%. At age 15, the TNI ranged from 50.4% to 98.4%, and the CI ranged from 1.4% to 48.3%. The total cost of treatment at 6 years of age was estimated to range from a purchasing power parity (PPP) of USD $49.1 to 287.7 million in the primary dentition, and from a PPP of USD $3.7 to 24 million in the permanent dentition. For the treatment of the permanent dentition of 12-year-olds, the PPP ranged from USD $13.3 to 85.4 million. The estimated cost of treatment of the permanent dentition of the 15-year-olds ranged from a PPP of USD $10.9 to 70.3 million. The total estimated cost of caries treatment ranged from a PPP of USD $77.1 to 499.6 million, depending on the type of treatment and provider (public or private).High percentages of TNI for dental caries and low CI values were observed. The estimated costs associated with the treatment for caries have an impact because they represent a considerable percentage of the total health expenditure in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo E. Medina-Solís
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
- Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry “Dr. Keisaburo Miyata” of School of Dentistry at Autonomous University State of Mexico, Toluca
| | - Leticia Ávila-Burgos
- Health Systems Research Centre at National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca
| | | | | | - Leonor Sánchez-Pérez
- Health Care Department, Metropolitan Autonomous University-Xochimilco, Mexico City
| | | | - Salvador E. Lucas-Rincón
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
- Clinic of Dental Specialties of the General Hospital of Pachuca, campus Arista of the Ministry of Health of Hidalgo, Pachuca
| | - June J. Medina-Solís
- Ministry of Education of Campeche, Sub-secretary of Educational Coordination, Direction of Coordination and Budgetary Management, Campeche
| | - María de L. Márquez-Corona
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | - Horacio Islas-Granillo
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | | | | | | | - Juan J. Villalobos-Rodelo
- Department of Epidemiology at Institute of Social Security and Services for Government Workers (ISSSTE), Culiacan
| | - Nuria Patiño-Marín
- Clinical Research Laboratory, Program of Doctorate in Dental Sciences at Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi
| | - Martha Mendoza-Rodríguez
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | - América P. Pontigo-Loyola
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | - Rubén de la Rosa-Santillana
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
- Clinic of Dental Specialties of the General Hospital of Pachuca, campus Arista of the Ministry of Health of Hidalgo, Pachuca
| | | | - Miguel A. Fernández-Barrera
- Academic Area of Dentistry of Institute of Health Sciences at Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca
| | - Gerardo Maupomé
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University/Purdue University, Indianapolis
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Wierzejska E, Giernaś B, Lipiak A, Karasiewicz M, Cofta M, Staszewski R. A global perspective on the costs of hypertension: a systematic review. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:1078-1091. [PMID: 32863997 PMCID: PMC7444692 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension, particularly untreated, leads to serious complications and contributes to high costs incurred by the whole society. The aim of the review was to carry out a social and economic comparison of various categories of hypertension costs from different countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was a systematic review. PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar databases were searched. Hypertension costs were analyzed in 8 cost categories. An attempt was made to determine whether selected economic and social factors (such as HDI or GDP) influenced hypertension costs. RESULTS The review included data from 15 countries: Brazil, Cambodia, Canada, China, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan, Mexico, Poland, Spain, USA, Vietnam and Zimbabwe. The papers included in the review were heterogeneous with respect to cost categories, which made comparisons difficult. The average total costs of hypertension for all the studied countries, calculated per person, amounted to 630.14 Int$, direct costs - 1,497.36 Int$, and indirect costs - 282.34 Int$. The ranking of countries by costs and by selected economic and social indices points at the possible relationship between these indices and hypertension costs. CONCLUSIONS The costs of hypertension calculated per country reached the region of several dozen billion Int$. Other sources usually showed lower costs than those presented in this review. This indicates a growth in costs from year to year and the future increasing burden on society. Globally uniform cost terminology and cost calculation standards need to be developed. That would facilitate making more informed decisions regarding fund allocation in hypertension management schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Wierzejska
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogusz Giernaś
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Lipiak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Karasiewicz
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mateusz Cofta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of International Health, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszewski
- Department of Hypertensiology, Angiology and Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacoeconomics in Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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