1
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Euler G, Parahuleva M. Monocytic microRNAs-Novel targets in atherosclerosis therapy. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38575391 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic proinflammatory disease of the vascular wall resulting in narrowing of arteries due to plaque formation, thereby causing reduced blood supply that is the leading cause for diverse end-organ damage with high mortality rates. Monocytes/macrophages, activated by elevated circulating lipoproteins, are significantly involved in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. The imbalance between proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages, arising from dysregulated macrophage polarization, appears to be a driving force in this process. Proatherosclerotic processes acting on monocytes/macrophages include accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages leading to foam cell formation, as well as dysfunctional efferocytosis, all of which contribute to the formation of unstable plaques. In recent years, microRNAs (miRs) were identified as factors that could modulate monocyte/macrophage function and may therefore interfere with the atherosclerotic process. In this review, we present effects of monocyte/macrophage-derived miRs on atherosclerotic processes in order to reveal new treatment options using miRmimics or antagomiRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Euler
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mariana Parahuleva
- Internal Medicine/Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Li Y, Li C, Fu Y, Wang R, Yang Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang G, Jiang H, Zou Y, Hu J, Guo C, Wang Y. Insulin-like growth factor 1 promotes the gonadal development of Pampus argenteus by regulating energy metabolism†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:227-237. [PMID: 37228017 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) is known to promote ovarian maturation by interacting with other hormones. However, the limited research on the role of Igf1 in the energy metabolism supply of gonads has hindered further exploration. To explore the role of Igf1 in gonadal development of silver pomfret, we analyzed the expression levels and the localization of igf1 mRNA and protein during testicular and ovarian development of silver pomfret. The results of the study showed upregulation of Igf1 in the critical period of vitellogenesis and sperm meiosis, which was found to be mainly expressed in the somatic cells of the gonads. Upon adding E2 and Igf1 to cultured gonadal tissues, the expression of energy-related genes was significantly increased, along with the E2-enhanced effect of Igf1 in the testis. Importantly, stimulation of both ovaries and testes with E2 and Igf1 led to a remarkable increase in the expression of vitellogenesis and meiosis-related genes. Therefore, we conclude that Igf1 promotes vitellogenesis and sperm meiosis by regulating gonadal energy production. Moreover, the expression of Igf1 in gonads is significantly regulated by E2. These findings provide new insights for the research of Igf1 in fish breeding, thus allowing the regulation of energy metabolism between growth and reproduction for successful reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaya Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yangfei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Enhancement, Marine Fishery Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiangbing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Huan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yushan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiabao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunyang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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3
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Gou B, Chu X, Xiao Y, Liu P, Zhang H, Gao Z, Song M. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Transcriptomic Reprogramming in Aging Cardiovascular Endothelial Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:900978. [PMID: 35615560 PMCID: PMC9124831 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.900978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The senescence of cardiovascular endothelial cells (ECs) is a major risk factor in the development of aging-related cardiovascular diseases. However, the molecular dynamics in cardiovascular EC aging are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the transcriptomic landscape of cardiovascular ECs during aging and observed that ribosome biogenesis, inflammation, apoptosis and angiogenesis-related genes and pathways changed with age. We also highlighted the importance of collagen genes in the crosstalk between ECs and other cell types in cardiovascular aging. Moreover, transcriptional regulatory network analysis revealed Jun as a candidate transcription factor involved in murine cardiovascular senescence and we validated the upregulation of Jun in aged cardiovascular ECs both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our study reveals the transcriptomic reprogramming in the aging murine cardiovascular ECs, which deepens the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cardiovascular aging and provides new insights into potential therapeutic targets against age-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pinxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Xu Y, Guo J, Zhang L, Miao G, Lai P, Zhang W, Liu L, Hou X, Wang Y, Huang W, Liu G, Gao M, Xian X. Targeting ApoC3 Paradoxically Aggravates Atherosclerosis in Hamsters With Severe Refractory Hypercholesterolemia. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:840358. [PMID: 35187136 PMCID: PMC8847384 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.840358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale ApoC3 plays a central role in the hydrolysis process of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins mediated by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which levels are positively associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although targeting ApoC3 by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), Volanesorsen markedly reduces plasma TG level and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), the cholesterol-lowering effect of ApoC3 inhibition and then the consequential outcome of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have not been reported in patients of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with severe refractory hypercholesterolemia yet. Objective To investigate the precise effects of depleting ApoC3 on refractory hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, we crossed ApoC3-deficient hamsters with a background of LDLR deficiency to generate a double knockout (DKO) hamster model (LDLR−/−, XApoC3−/−, DKO). Approach and Results On the standard laboratory diet, DKO hamsters had reduced levels of plasma TG and total cholesterol (TC) relative to LDLR−/− hamsters. However, upon high-cholesterol/high-fat (HCHF) diet feeding for 12 weeks, ApoC3 deficiency reduced TG level only in female animals without affecting refractory cholesterol in the circulation, whereas apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) levels were significantly increased in DKO hamsters with both genders. Unexpectedly, loss of ApoC3 paradoxically accelerated diet-induced atherosclerotic development in female and male LDLR−/− hamsters but ameliorated fatty liver in female animals. Further analysis of blood biological parameters revealed that lacking ApoC3 resulted in abnormal platelet (PLT) indices, which could potentially contribute to atherosclerosis in LDLR−/− hamsters. Conclusions In this study, our novel findings provide new insight into the application of ApoC3 inhibition for severe refractory hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Xu
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiabao Guo
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guolin Miao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingping Lai
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Gao
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism, Institute of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xunde Xian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Markofski MM, Flynn MG. Elevated circulating CD16+ monocytes and TLR4+ monocytes in older adults with multiple cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Exp Gerontol 2021; 154:111530. [PMID: 34450235 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We endeavored to examine relationships between circulating monocyte phenotype and cardio-metabolic disease risk, in healthy, older adults. We performed a secondary data analysis on men and women, 55-75 yr, who were assigned to groups based on cardio-metabolic risk factors other than age. Subject in the low risk group (n = 16, 12 females) had fewer than three risk factors. Subjects in the elevated risk group (n = 29, 19 females) had three or more risk factors. Along with baseline screening for fitness and body composition, resting blood samples were assessed for markers of inflammation including: monocyte phenotype (inflammatory monocytes), monocyte cell-surface TLR4 expression, and serum C-reactive protein. The low risk group had a smaller (19.3% difference; p < 0.0001) waist circumference and lower body fat weight (36.3%; p < 0.0001), but higher V̇02max (45.5%; p = 0.0019). There were no mean differences (p > 0.05) between the low and elevated risk groups for BMI, serum cholesterol, fasting glucose, or leg press 1RM. The low risk group had lower CRP (114.7%, p = 0.0002), higher CD14+CD16- (classical) monocytes (6.7%; p = 0.0231) and fewer CD14+CD16+ (inflammatory) monocytes (46.2%; p = 0.0243) than the elevated risk group. The low risk group also had a lower percentage of CD14+CD16- monocytes that were positive for TLR4 (14.0%; p = 0.0328). Older men and women with fewer cardio-metabolic risk factors had lower serum and cellular markers of inflammation and higher aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Markofski
- Deparment of Health & Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St., Houston, TX 77204, USA.
| | - Michael G Flynn
- HCA South Atlantic, 115 Central Island St., Charleston, SC 29492, USA.
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6
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Zhao G, Lu H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Garcia-Barrio MT, Chen YE, Zhang J. Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Endothelial Plasticity During Diabetic Atherogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689469. [PMID: 34095155 PMCID: PMC8170046 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, which is also the primary cause of mortality among diabetic patients. Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is a critical early step in the development of atherosclerosis and aggravated in the presence of concurrent diabetes. Although the heterogeneity of the organ-specific ECs has been systematically analyzed at the single-cell level in healthy conditions, their transcriptomic changes in diabetic atherosclerosis remain largely unexplored. Here, we carried out a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) study using EC-enriched single cells from mouse heart and aorta after 12 weeks feeding of a standard chow or a diabetogenic high-fat diet with cholesterol. We identified eight EC clusters, three of which expressed mesenchymal markers, indicative of an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). Analyses of the marker genes, pathways, and biological functions revealed that ECs are highly heterogeneous and plastic both in normal and atherosclerotic conditions. The metabolic transcriptomic analysis further confirmed that EndMT-derived fibroblast-like cells are prominent in atherosclerosis, with diminished fatty acid oxidation and enhanced biological functions, including regulation of extracellular-matrix organization and apoptosis. In summary, our data characterized the phenotypic and metabolic heterogeneity of ECs in diabetes-associated atherogenesis at the single-cell level and paves the way for a deeper understanding of endothelial cell biology and EC-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhen Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Haocheng Lu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Frankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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7
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Tsai MC, Huang SC, Chang WT, Chen SC, Hsu CL. Effect of Astaxanthin on the Inhibition of Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via Modulation of Lipogenesis and Fatty Acid Transport Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163598. [PMID: 32784687 PMCID: PMC7466122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as a condition of excessive fat tissue accumulation. It was the major factor most closely associated with lifestyle-related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of astaxanthin on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 0–25 µg/mL of astaxanthin for 0–48 h. The result indicated that astaxanthin significantly decreased the oil Red O stained material (OROSM), intracellular triglyceride accumulation, and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). At the molecular level, astaxanthin significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (p < 0.05). Moreover, target genes of PPARγ on the inhibition of lipogenesis, such as Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein (aP2), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were significantly down-regulated at a time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). These results suggested that astaxanthin efficiently suppressed lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its action is associated with the down-regulation of lipogenesis-related genes and the triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, astaxanthin can be developed as a potential nutraceutical ingredient for the prevention of obesity in a niche market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chih Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Shih-Chien Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Wei-Tang Chang
- Department of Nutrition and Health Nutrition, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan;
| | - Shiuan-Chih Chen
- Institute of Medicine and School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Lin Hsu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (M.-C.T.); (S.-C.H.)
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24730022
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8
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Yang J, Li X, Xu D. Research Progress on the Involvement of ANGPTL4 and Loss-of-Function Variants in Lipid Metabolism and Coronary Heart Disease: Is the "Prime Time" of ANGPTL4-Targeted Therapy for Coronary Heart Disease Approaching? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:467-477. [PMID: 32500296 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic studies have confirmed the definitive link among the loss-of-function variants of angiogenin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), significantly decreased plasma triglyceride (TG) levels, and reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The potential therapeutic effect of ANGPTL4 on dyslipidemia and CHD has been widely studied. OBJECTIVE This review provides a detailed introduction to the research progress on the involvement of ANGPTL4 in lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis and evaluates the efficacy and safety of ANGPTL4 as a therapeutic target for CHD. RELEVANT FINDINGS By inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, ANGPTL4 plays a vital role in the regulation of lipid metabolism and energy balance. However, the role of ANGPTL4 in regulating lipid metabolism is tissue-specific. ANGPTL4 acts as a locally released LPL inhibitor in the heart, skeletal muscle and small intestine, while ANGPTL4 derived from liver and adipose tissue mainly acts as an endocrine factor that regulates systemic lipid metabolism. As a multifunctional protein, ANGPTL4 also inhibits the formation of foam cells in macrophages, exerting an anti-atherogenic role. The function of ANGPTL4 in endothelial cells is still uncertain. The safety of ANGPTL4 monoclonal antibodies requires further evaluation due to their potential adverse effects. CONCLUSION The biological characteristics of ANGPTL4 are much more complex than those demonstrated by genetic studies. Future studies must elucidate how to effectively reduce the risk of CHD while avoiding potential atherogenic effects and other complications before the "prime time" of ANGPTL4-targeted therapy arrives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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9
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Lake JA, Abasht B. Glucolipotoxicity: A Proposed Etiology for Wooden Breast and Related Myopathies in Commercial Broiler Chickens. Front Physiol 2020; 11:169. [PMID: 32231585 PMCID: PMC7083144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast is one of several myopathies of fast-growing commercial broilers that has emerged as a consequence of intensive selection practices in the poultry breeding industry. Despite the substantial economic burden presented to broiler producers worldwide by wooden breast and related muscle disorders such as white striping, the genetic and etiological underpinnings of these diseases are still poorly understood. Here we propose a new hypothesis on the primary causes of wooden breast that implicates dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. Our hypothesis addresses recent findings that have suggested etiologic similarities between wooden breast and type 2 diabetes despite their phenotypic disparities. Unlike in mammals, dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism is not accompanied by an increase in plasma glucose levels but generates a unique skeletal muscle phenotype, i.e., wooden breast, in chickens. We hypothesize that these phenotypic disparities result from a major difference in skeletal muscle glucose transport between birds and mammals, and that the wooden breast phenotype most closely resembles complications of diabetes in smooth and cardiac muscle of mammals. Additional basic research on wooden breast and related muscle disorders in commercial broiler chickens is necessary and can be informative for poultry breeding and production as well as for human health and disease. To inform future studies, this paper reviews the current biological knowledge of wooden breast, outlines the major steps in its proposed pathogenesis, and examines how selection for production traits may have contributed to its prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juniper A. Lake
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Behnam Abasht
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
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10
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Kumar H, Iskender AU, Srikanth K, Kim H, Zhunushov AT, Chooq H, Jang GW, Lim Y, Song KD, Park JE. Transcriptome of Chicken Liver Tissues Reveals the Candidate Genes and Pathways Responsible for Adaptation into Two Different Climatic Conditions. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9121076. [PMID: 31816986 PMCID: PMC6940799 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing was used to profile the liver transcriptome of a Korean commercial chicken (Hanhyup) at two different environments (Korea and Kyrgyzstan) to investigate their role during acclimatization into different climatic conditions. Ten samples from each location were analyzed to identify candidate genes that respond to environmental changes such as altitude, humidity, temperature, etc. Sequencing reads were preprocessed, aligned with the reference genome, assembled and expressions were estimated through bioinformatics approaches. At a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 and fold change (FC) ≥2, we found 315 genes were DE. Out of 315 DE genes, 174 and 141 were up- and down-regulated respectively in the Kyrgyz environment. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with energy metabolism such as pyruvate and lactate metabolic processes, and glycerol catabolic process. Similarly, KEGG pathway analysis indicated pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, biosynthesis, citrate cycles were differentially enriched in the Kyrgyz environment. DEGs like TSKU, VTG1, SGK, CDK2, etc. in such pathways are highly involved in the adaptation of organisms into diverse climatic conditions. Our investigation may serve as a resource for the chicken industry, especially in exporting Hanhyup chicken from Korea to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himansu Kumar
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Asankadyr U. Iskender
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Science of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Krishnamoorthy Srikanth
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hana Kim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Asankadyr T. Zhunushov
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Academy of Science of Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, 720071, Kyrgyzstan;
| | - Hyojun Chooq
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gul Won Jang
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Youngjo Lim
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ki Duk Song
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Department of Animal Biotechnology, JeonBuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Division of Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea; (H.K.); (A.U.I.); (K.S.); (H.K.); (H.C.); (G.W.J.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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He PP, Jiang T, OuYang XP, Liang YQ, Zou JQ, Wang Y, Shen QQ, Liao L, Zheng XL. Lipoprotein lipase: Biosynthesis, regulatory factors, and its role in atherosclerosis and other diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 480:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Xue Z, Zhang Q, Yu W, Wen H, Hou X, Li D, Kou X. Potential Lipid-Lowering Mechanisms of Biochanin A. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3842-3850. [PMID: 28447802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have demonstrated that biochanin A (BCA) has a significant hypolipidemic effect. However, its mechanism of action is not clear. In this context, the effect of BCA on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemia in mice was determined. The results showed that treatment with a medium dose of biochanin A (BM) significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) 85% (from 1.196 ± 0.183 to 0.181 ± 0.0778 mM) and total cholesterol (TC) 39% (from 5.983 ± 0.128 to 3.649 ± 0.374 mM) levels, increased lipoprotein lipase (LPL) 96% (from 1.421 ± 0.0982 to 2.784 ± 0.177 U/mg protein) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) 78% (from 1.614 ± 0.0848 to 2.870 ± 0.0977 U/mg protein) activities, significantly improved fecal lipid levels, and lowered the epididymal fat index in hyperlipidemic mice compared with the HFD control mice (p < 0.05). In vitro, the high antioxidant capacity of BCA was determined by the FRAP assay, ABTS•+ scavenging method, and an ROS assay. In RAW 264.7 macrophages, a dose of 10 μM BCA significantly increased the cholesterol efflux by 18.7% compared with the control cells. Moreover, molecular docking of BCA on cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) (Asn24 and Thr27 at the N-terminal; Ala274 and Phe270 at the C-terminal) gave new insights into the role of BCA in preventing cholesterol ester transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Medical Plant Laboratory, Tianjin Research Center of Agricultural Biotechnology , Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Haichao Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaonan Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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13
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Xie W, Li L, Zhang M, Cheng HP, Gong D, Lv YC, Yao F, He PP, Ouyang XP, Lan G, Liu D, Zhao ZW, Tan YL, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. MicroRNA-27 Prevents Atherosclerosis by Suppressing Lipoprotein Lipase-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammatory Response in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157085. [PMID: 27257686 PMCID: PMC4892477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic lesions are lipometabolic disorder characterized by chronic progressive inflammation in arterial walls. Previous studies have shown that macrophage-derived lipoprotein lipase (LPL) might be a key factor that promotes atherosclerosis by accelerating lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNA-27 (miR-27) has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and inflammatory response. However, it has not been fully understood whether miR-27 affects the expression of LPL and subsequent development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE KO) mice. To address these questions and its potential mechanisms, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated THP-1 macrophages were transfected with the miR-27 mimics/inhibitors and apoE KO mice fed high-fat diet were given a tail vein injection with miR-27 agomir/antagomir, followed by exploring the potential roles of miR-27. MiR-27 agomir significantly down-regulated LPL expression in aorta and peritoneal macrophages by western blot and real-time PCR analyses. We performed LPL activity assay in the culture media and found that miR-27 reduced LPL activity. ELISA showed that miR-27 reduced inflammatory response as analyzed in vitro and in vivo experiments. Our results showed that miR-27 had an inhibitory effect on the levels of lipid both in plasma and in peritoneal macrophages of apoE KO mice as examined by HPLC. Consistently, miR-27 suppressed the expression of scavenger receptors associated with lipid uptake in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages. In addition, transfection with LPL siRNA inhibited the miR-27 inhibitor-induced lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokines secretion in ox-LDL-treated THP-1 macrophages. Finally, systemic treatment revealed that miR-27 decreased aortic plaque size and lipid content in apoE KO mice. The present results provide evidence that a novel antiatherogenic role of miR-27 was closely related to reducing lipid accumulation and inflammatory response via downregulation of LPL gene expression, suggesting a potential strategy to the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hai-Peng Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Gong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yun-Cheng Lv
- Laboratory of Clinical Anatomy, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Yao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xin-Ping Ouyang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Lan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen-Wang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yu-Lin Tan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Medical Research Center, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this article is to summarize the recent epidemiological, basic science, and pharmaceutical research linking apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) with the development and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS ApoC-III is an important emerging target linking hypertriglyceridemia with CVD. ApoC-III is a potent modulator of many established CVD risk factors, and is found on chylomicrons, very-low density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein particles. Recent studies show that in humans, apoC-III levels are an independent risk factor for CVD, and its presence on lipoproteins may promote their atherogenicity. This year, two large-scale epidemiological studies have linked mutations in apoC-III with increased incidence of CVD and hypertriglyceridemia. ApoC-III raises plasma triglycerides through inhibition of lipoprotein lipase, stimulation of very-low density lipoprotein secretion, and is a novel factor in modulating intestinal triglyceride trafficking. ApoC-III also stimulates inflammatory processes in the vasculature and the pancreas. The combination of raising plasma triglycerides and independently stimulating inflammatory processes makes apoC-III a valuable target for reducing the residual CVD risk in patients already on statin therapy, or for whom triglycerides are poorly controlled. Clinical trials on apoC-III antisense oligonucleotides are in progress. SUMMARY ApoC-III is a potent direct modulator of established CVD risk factors: plasma triglycerides and inflammation. Recent findings show that changes in apoC-III levels are directly associated with changes in cardiovascular risk and the atherogenicity of the lipoproteins on which apoC-III resides. Emerging roles of apoC-III include a role in directing the atherogenicity of high-density lipoprotein, intestinal dietary triglyceride trafficking, and modulating pancreatic β-cell survival. The combination of these roles makes apoC-III an important therapeutic target for the management and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Kohan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Yang Y, Thyagarajan N, Coady BM, Brown RJ. Cholesterol efflux from THP-1 macrophages is impaired by the fatty acid component from lipoprotein hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:632-6. [PMID: 25130461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is an extracellular lipase that primarily hydrolyzes triglycerides within circulating lipoproteins. Macrophage LPL contributes to atherogenesis, but the mechanisms behind it are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the products of lipoprotein hydrolysis generated by LPL promote atherogenesis by inhibiting the cholesterol efflux ability by macrophages. To test this hypothesis, we treated human THP-1 macrophages with total lipoproteins that were hydrolyzed by LPL and we found significantly reduced transcript levels for the cholesterol transporters ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), ABCG1, and scavenger receptor BI. These decreases were likely due to significant reductions for the nuclear receptors liver-X-receptor-α, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and PPAR-γ. We prepared a mixture of free fatty acids (FFA) that represented the ratios of FFA species within lipoprotein hydrolysis products, and we found that the FFA mixture also significantly reduced cholesterol transporters and nuclear receptors. Finally, we tested the efflux of cholesterol from THP-1 macrophages to apolipoprotein A-I, and we found that the treatment of THP-1 macrophages with the FFA mixture significantly attenuated cholesterol efflux. Overall, these data show that the FFA component of lipoprotein hydrolysis products generated by LPL may promote atherogenesis by inhibiting cholesterol efflux, which partially explains the pro-atherogenic role of macrophage LPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Narmadaa Thyagarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Breanne M Coady
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Robert J Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada.
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MicroRNA-467b targets LPL gene in RAW 264.7 macrophages and attenuates lipid accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine secretion. Biochimie 2012; 94:2749-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Goldberg IJ, Eckel RH, McPherson R. Triglycerides and heart disease: still a hypothesis? Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1716-25. [PMID: 21527746 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.226100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the basic and clinical science relating plasma triglycerides and cardiovascular disease. Although many aspects of the basic physiology of triglyceride production, its plasma transport, and its tissue uptake have been known for several decades, the relationship of plasma triglyceride levels to vascular disease is uncertain. Are triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, their influence on high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein, or the underlying diseases that lead to defects in triglyceride metabolism the culprit? Animal models have failed to confirm that anything other than early fatty lesions can be produced by triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Metabolic products of triglyceride metabolism can be toxic to arterial cells; however, these studies are primarily in vitro. Correlative studies of fasting and postprandial triglycerides and genetic diseases implicate very-low-density lipoprotein and their remnants and chylomicron remnants in atherosclerosis development, but the concomitant alterations in other lipoproteins and other risk factors obscure any conclusions about direct relationships between disease and triglycerides. Genes that regulate triglyceride levels also correlate with vascular disease. Human intervention trials, however, have lacked an appropriately defined population and have produced outcomes without definitive conclusions. The time is more than ripe for new and creative approaches to understanding the relationship of triglycerides and heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Ding YL, Wang YH, Huang W, Liu G, Ross C, Hayden MR, Yang JK. Glucose intolerance and decreased early insulin response in mice with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:40-6. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2009.009100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the key features of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes, caused by the overproduction and/or decreased clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, and significantly promotes the development of cardiovascular diseases in diabetes. However, the effect of severe HTG on glucose metabolism has not previously been determined. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency results in severe HTG in humans. By using LPL-deficient mice with severe HTG, we assessed the impact of severe HTG on insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in the present study. While young LPL-deficient mice (4 months of age) showed higher fasting blood glucose (7.42 ± 0.84 versus 4.8 ± 0.80 mmol/L, P < 0.01) and lower insulin concentrations (0.16 ± 0.03 versus 0.48 ± 0.14 ng/mL, P < 0.05), old mice (12 months of age) had higher insulin (1.70 ± 0.35 versus 0.77 ± 0.04 ng/mL, P < 0.05) but normal fasting blood glucose concentrations. Both young and old mice had elevated free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and exhibited decreased early insulin response; however, only old mice showed impaired glucose tolerance, as compared with wild-type mice of a similar age. Morphological assessment showed enlarged islets in old LPL-deficient mice. These findings suggest that different tests for glucose homeostasis may be needed for patients with LPL deficiency and severe HTG, even though their glucose concentrations are normal at initial screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lei Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Colin Ross
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Michael R Hayden
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730
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Enhanced atherothrombotic formation after oxidative injury by FeCl3 to the common carotid artery in severe combined hyperlipidemic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 385:563-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Zhang X, Qi R, Xian X, Yang F, Blackstein M, Deng X, Fan J, Ross C, Karasinska J, Hayden MR, Liu G. Spontaneous Atherosclerosis in Aged Lipoprotein Lipase–Deficient Mice With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia on a Normal Chow Diet. Circ Res 2008; 102:250-6. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.107.156554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhang
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Rong Qi
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Xunde Xian
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Fei Yang
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Michael Blackstein
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Xuming Deng
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Jianglin Fan
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Colin Ross
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Joanna Karasinska
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - Michael R. Hayden
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
| | - George Liu
- From the Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (X.Z., R.Q., X.X., F.Y., G.L.), Ministry of Education; and Department of Pathology (M.B.), Peking University, Beijing, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine (X.D.), Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Molecular Pathology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering (J.F.), University of Yamanashi, Japan; and Department of Medical Genetics (C.R., J.K
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Tabas I, Williams KJ, Borén J. Subendothelial lipoprotein retention as the initiating process in atherosclerosis: update and therapeutic implications. Circulation 2007; 116:1832-44. [PMID: 17938300 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.676890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 944] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The key initiating process in atherogenesis is the subendothelial retention of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Local biological responses to these retained lipoproteins, including a chronic and maladaptive macrophage- and T-cell-dominated inflammatory response, promote subsequent lesion development. The most effective therapy against atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease to date--low density lipoprotein-lowering drugs--is based on the principle that decreasing circulating apolipoprotein B lipoproteins decreases the probability that they will enter and be retained in the subendothelium. Ongoing improvements in this area include more aggressive lowering of low-density lipoprotein and other atherogenic lipoproteins in the plasma and initiation of low-density lipoprotein-lowering therapy at an earlier age in at-risk individuals. Potential future therapeutic approaches include attempts to block the interaction of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins with the specific subendothelial matrix molecules that mediate retention and to interfere with accessory molecules within the arterial wall that promote retention such as lipoprotein lipase, secretory sphingomyelinase, and secretory phospholipase A2. Although not the primary focus of this review, therapeutic strategies that target the proatherogenic responses to retained lipoproteins and that promote the removal of atherogenic components of retained lipoproteins also hold promise. The finding that certain human populations of individuals who maintain lifelong low plasma levels of apolipoprotein B lipoproteins have an approximately 90% decreased risk of coronary artery disease gives hope that our further understanding of the pathogenesis of this leading killer could lead to its eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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