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Slijkhuis N, Razzi F, Korteland SA, Heijs B, van Gaalen K, Duncker DJ, van der Steen AFW, van Steijn V, van Beusekom HMM, van Soest G. Spatial lipidomics of coronary atherosclerotic plaque development in a familial hypercholesterolemia swine model. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100504. [PMID: 38246237 PMCID: PMC10879031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is caused by plaque build-up, with lipids playing a pivotal role in its progression. However, lipid composition and distribution within coronary atherosclerosis remain unknown. This study aims to characterize lipids and investigate differences in lipid composition across disease stages to aid in the understanding of disease progression. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was used to visualize lipid distributions in coronary artery sections (n = 17) from hypercholesterolemic swine. We performed histology on consecutive sections to classify the artery segments and to investigate colocalization between lipids and histological regions of interest in advanced plaque, including necrotic core and inflammatory cells. Segments were classified as healthy (n = 6), mild (n = 6), and advanced disease (n = 5) artery segments. Multivariate data analysis was employed to find differences in lipid composition between the segment types, and the lipids' spatial distribution was investigated using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Through this process, MALDI-MSI detected 473 lipid-related features. NMF clustering described three components in positive ionization mode: triacylglycerides (TAG), phosphatidylcholines (PC), and cholesterol species. In negative ionization mode, two components were identified: one driven by phosphatidylinositol(PI)(38:4), and one driven by ceramide-phosphoethanolamine(36:1). Multivariate data analysis showed the association between advanced disease and specific lipid signatures like PC(O-40:5) and cholesterylester(CE)(18:2). Ether-linked phospholipids and LysoPC species were found to colocalize with necrotic core, and mostly CE, ceramide, and PI species colocalized with inflammatory cells. This study, therefore, uncovers distinct lipid signatures correlated with plaque development and their colocalization with necrotic core and inflammatory cells, enhancing our understanding of coronary atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Slijkhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Razzi
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Suze-Anne Korteland
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Imaging Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Volkert van Steijn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M M van Beusekom
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Sukhanov S, Higashi Y, Yoshida T, Danchuk S, Alfortish M, Goodchild T, Scarborough A, Sharp T, Jenkins JS, Garcia D, Ivey J, Tharp DL, Schumacher J, Rozenbaum Z, Kolls JK, Bowles D, Lefer D, Delafontaine P. Insulin-like growth factor 1 reduces coronary atherosclerosis in pigs with familial hypercholesterolemia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165713. [PMID: 36602878 PMCID: PMC9990768 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although murine models of coronary atherosclerotic disease have been used extensively to determine mechanisms, limited new therapeutic options have emerged. Pigs with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH pigs) develop complex coronary atheromas that are almost identical to human lesions. We reported previously that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) reduced aortic atherosclerosis and promoted features of stable plaque in a murine model. We administered human recombinant IGF-1 or saline (control) in atherosclerotic FH pigs for 6 months. IGF-1 decreased relative coronary atheroma in vivo (intravascular ultrasound) and reduced lesion cross-sectional area (postmortem histology). IGF-1 increased plaque's fibrous cap thickness, and reduced necrotic core, macrophage content, and cell apoptosis, consistent with promotion of a stable plaque phenotype. IGF-1 reduced circulating triglycerides, markers of systemic oxidative stress, and CXCL12 chemokine levels. We used spatial transcriptomics (ST) to identify global transcriptome changes in advanced plaque compartments and to obtain mechanistic insights into IGF-1 effects. ST analysis showed that IGF-1 suppressed FOS/FOSB factors and gene expression of MMP9 and CXCL14 in plaque macrophages, suggesting possible involvement of these molecules in IGF-1's effect on atherosclerosis. Thus, IGF-1 reduced coronary plaque burden and promoted features of stable plaque in a pig model, providing support for consideration of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Sukhanov
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yusuke Higashi
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Svitlana Danchuk
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mitzi Alfortish
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Traci Goodchild
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy Scarborough
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Thomas Sharp
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - Jan Ivey
- Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Darla L. Tharp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schumacher
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zach Rozenbaum
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Douglas Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - David Lefer
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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3
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Wang D, Xu X, Zhao M, Wang X. Accelerated miniature swine models of advanced atherosclerosis: A review based on morphology. Cardiovasc Pathol 2020; 49:107241. [PMID: 32554057 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2020.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to accelerate development of atherosclerosis(AS) in miniature swine models, varieties of strategies and methods have been explored. In addition to traditional methods such as high cholesterol feeding and balloon injury, new methods such as familial hypercholesterolemia induced by gene editing and intramural injection have been applied in recent years. Although it has been claimed that these methods have successfully aggravated lesion areas and stenosis, lesion features induced by different strategies have shown heterogeneity in morphology. In addition, time consumption, high cost, and unavailability are problems that restrict application of these AS models. Here, we summarize strategies and methods to accelerate AS models and further analyze their values, advantages, and shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayang Wang
- Cardiovascular Department, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Third Department of Neurology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Mingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xian Wang
- Cardiovascular Insititute, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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4
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Andreadou I, Schulz R, Badimon L, Adameová A, Kleinbongard P, Lecour S, Nikolaou PE, Falcão-Pires I, Vilahur G, Woudberg N, Heusch G, Ferdinandy P. Hyperlipidaemia and cardioprotection: Animal models for translational studies. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5287-5311. [PMID: 31769007 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and therefore, many animal model have been developed to mimic the human abnormal elevation of blood lipid levels. In parallel, extensive research for the alleviation of ischaemia/reperfusion injury has revealed that hyperlipidaemia is a major co-morbidity that attenuates the cardioprotective effect of conditioning strategies (preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning) and that of pharmacological interventions by interfering with cardioprotective signalling pathways. In the present review article, we summarize the existing data on animal models of hypercholesterolaemia (total, low density and HDL abnormalities) and hypertriglyceridaemia used in ischaemia/reperfusion injury and protection from it. We also provide recommendations on preclinical animal models to be used for translations of the cardioprotective strategies into clinical practice. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Risk factors, comorbidities, and comedications in cardioprotection. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.23/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Center of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute for Heart Research, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ines Falcão-Pires
- Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Research Institute-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institut für Pathophysiologie, Westdeutsches Herz- und Gefäßzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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Poloni DM, Dangles O, Vinson JA. Binding of Plant Polyphenols to Serum Albumin and LDL: Healthy Implications for Heart Disease. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9139-9147. [PMID: 30784273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in industrialized nations. The initiating event in atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Binding with serum albumin and LDL of 41 polyphenols (major antioxidants in plant foods) constituting four classes of flavonoids, three types of phenolic acids, and seven polyphenol conjugate metabolites was investigated indirectly by fluorescence quenching and directly by affinity separation/high-performance liquid chromatography (four of the polyphenols). Stern-Volmer plots yielded K values for the two proteins. Polyphenol binding was significantly stronger for albumin than with LDL. K values were highly correlated with the lipophilicity of the polyphenols. The number of polyphenol molecules determined by quenching was ∼1 for both proteins. Direct analysis under saturation conditions yielded from 2 to 13 molecules of polyphenols/LDL particle. Multiple substituent effects on binding were analyzed. Evidence was put forward that binding of polyphenols to these proteins is protective for CVD by multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Poloni
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center , University of Scranton , 925 Ridge Row , Scranton , Pennsylvania 18510 , United States
| | - Olivier Dangles
- Avignon University, INRA, UMR408 SQPOV , 84000 Avignon , France
| | - Joe A Vinson
- Department of Chemistry, Loyola Science Center , University of Scranton , 925 Ridge Row , Scranton , Pennsylvania 18510 , United States
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Martin KH, Lindsey BD, Ma J, Nichols TC, Jiang X, Dayton PA. Ex Vivo Porcine Arterial and Chorioallantoic Membrane Acoustic Angiography Using Dual-Frequency Intravascular Ultrasound Probes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2294-307. [PMID: 27260246 PMCID: PMC5653969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of blood vessels within a developing atherosclerotic plaque has been found to be correlated with increased plaque vulnerability and ensuing cardiac events, however, detection of coronary intraplaque neovascularization poses a significant challenge in the clinic. We describe here a new in vivo intravascular ultrasound imaging method using a dual-frequency transducer to visualize contrast flow in microvessels with high specificity. This method uses a specialized transducer capable of exciting contrast agents at a low frequency (5.5 MHz) while detecting their nonlinear superhamonics at a much higher frequency (37 MHz). In vitro evaluation of the approach was performed in a microvascular phantom to produce 3-D renderings of simulated vessel patterns and to determine image quality metrics as a function of depth. Furthermore, we describe the ability of the system to detect microvessels both ex vivo using porcine arteries and in vivo using the chorioallantoic membrane of a developing chicken embryo with optical confirmation. Dual-frequency contrast-specific imaging was able to resolve vessels similar in size to those found in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques at clinically relevant depths. The results of this study add to the support for further evaluation and translation of contrast-specific imaging in intravascular ultrasound for the detection of vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Heath Martin
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brooks D Lindsey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jianguo Ma
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy C Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Lindsey BD, Martin KH, Jiang X, Dayton PA. Adaptive windowing in contrast-enhanced intravascular ultrasound imaging. ULTRASONICS 2016; 70:123-35. [PMID: 27161022 PMCID: PMC4899141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is one of the most commonly-used interventional imaging techniques and has seen recent innovations which attempt to characterize the risk posed by atherosclerotic plaques. One such development is the use of microbubble contrast agents to image vasa vasorum, fine vessels which supply oxygen and nutrients to the walls of coronary arteries and typically have diameters less than 200μm. The degree of vasa vasorum neovascularization within plaques is positively correlated with plaque vulnerability. Having recently presented a prototype dual-frequency transducer for contrast agent-specific intravascular imaging, here we describe signal processing approaches based on minimum variance (MV) beamforming and the phase coherence factor (PCF) for improving the spatial resolution and contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) in IVUS imaging. These approaches are examined through simulations, phantom studies, ex vivo studies in porcine arteries, and in vivo studies in chicken embryos. In phantom studies, PCF processing improved CTR by a mean of 4.2dB, while combined MV and PCF processing improved spatial resolution by 41.7%. Improvements of 2.2dB in CTR and 37.2% in resolution were observed in vivo. Applying these processing strategies can enhance image quality in conventional B-mode IVUS or in contrast-enhanced IVUS, where signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low and resolution is at a premium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks D Lindsey
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, CB7575 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - K Heath Martin
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, CB7575 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Xiaoning Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, 3282 Engineering Building III, Campus Box 7910, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States; Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, CB7575 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, CB7575 Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States; Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Marsico Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Nichols TC, Merricks EP, Bellinger DA, Raymer RA, Yu J, Lam D, Koch GG, Busby WH, Clemmons DR. Oxidized LDL and Fructosamine Associated with Severity of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in Insulin Resistant Pigs Fed a High Fat/High NaCl Diet. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132302. [PMID: 26147990 PMCID: PMC4492503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-resistant subjects develop more severe and diffuse coronary artery atherosclerosis than insulin-sensitive controls but the mechanisms that mediate this atherosclerosis phenotype are unknown. Research Objective To determine the metabolic parameters that associate with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis in insulin resistant pigs fed a high fat/high NaCl diet. Key Methods The primary endpoint was severity of coronary atherosclerosis in adult pigs (Sus scrofa, n = 37) fed a high fat diet that also contained high NaCl (56% above recommended levels) for 1 year. Principal Findings Twenty pigs developed severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis (i.e., severe = intimal area as a percent medial area > 200% in at least 2 coronary artery cross sections and diffuse distal = intimal area as a percent medial area ≥ 150% over 3 sections separated by 2 cm in the distal half of the coronary artery). The other 17 pigs had substantially less coronary artery atherosclerosis. All 37 pigs had blood pressure in a range that would be considered hypertensive in humans and developed elevations in total and LDL and HDL cholesterol, weight gain, increased backfat, and increased insulin resistance (Bergman Si) without overt diabetes. Insulin resistance was not associated with atherosclerosis severity. Five additional pigs fed regular pig chow also developed increased insulin resistance but essentially no change in the other variables and little to no detectible coronary atherosclerosis. Most importantly, the 20 high fat/high NaCl diet -fed pigs with severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis had substantially greater increases (p< 0.05) in oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and fructosamine consistent with increased protein glycation. Conclusion In pigs fed a high fat/high NaCl diet, glycated proteins are induced in the absence of overt diabetes and this degree of increase is associated with the development of severe and diffuse distal coronary artery atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Nichols
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth P. Merricks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dwight A. Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Robin A. Raymer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Diana Lam
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gary G. Koch
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Walker H. Busby
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David R. Clemmons
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Behler RH, Czernuszewicz TJ, Wu CD, Nichols TC, Zhu H, Homeister JW, Merricks EP, Gallippi CM. Acoustic radiation force beam sequence performance for detection and material characterization of atherosclerotic plaques: preclinical, ex vivo results. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2013; 60:2471-87. [PMID: 24297014 PMCID: PMC4097991 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2013.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This work presents preclinical data demonstrating performance of acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based elasticity imaging with five different beam sequences for atherosclerotic plaque detection and material characterization. Twelve trained, blinded readers evaluated parametric images taken ex vivo under simulated in vivo conditions of 22 porcine femoral arterial segments. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out to quantify reader performance using spatially-matched immunohistochemistry for validation. The beam sequences employed had high sensitivity (sens) and specificity (spec) for detecting Type III+ plaques (sens: 85%, spec: 79%), lipid pools (sens: 80%, spec: 86%), fibrous caps (sens: 86%, spec: 82%), calcium (sens: 96%, spec: 85%), collagen (sens: 78%, spec: 77%), and disrupted internal elastic lamina (sens: 92%, spec: 75%). 1:1 single-receive tracking yielded the highest median areas under the ROC curve (AUC), but was not statistically significantly higher than 4:1 parallel-receive tracking. Excitation focal configuration did not result in statistically different AUCs. Overall, these results suggest ARF-based imaging is relevant to detecting and characterizing plaques and support its use for diagnosing and monitoring atherosclerosis.
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10
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Ge W, Krueger CG, Weichmann A, Shanmuganayagam D, Varghese T. Displacement and strain estimation for evaluation of arterial wall stiffness using a familial hypercholesterolemia swine model of atherosclerosis. Med Phys 2012; 39:4483-92. [PMID: 22830780 PMCID: PMC3412431 DOI: 10.1118/1.4722746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To track variations in the deformation of the arterial wall noninvasively by estimating the accumulated displacement and strain over a cardiac cycle may provide useful indicators of vascular health. METHODS In this paper, we propose an approach to track a region of interest (ROI) locally and estimate arterial stiffness variation in a familial hypercholesterolemic swine model of spontaneous atherosclerosis that allows for systematic and reproducible study of progression of the disease mechanism. RESULTS Strain and displacement indices may be derived from the variations of the accumulated displacement and accumulated strain (obtained from the gradient of the accumulated displacement) over a cardiac cycle to predict not only the likelihood of developing vascular diseases, but also the sites where they may occur. Currently, an ROI thickness value of less than one mm within the arterial wall is necessary for the axial accumulated displacement and strain to obtain reproducible estimates. CONCLUSIONS Accumulated axial displacement and strain estimation on the artery wall shown in this paper indicate the repeatability of these measurements over several cardiac cycles and over five familial hypercholesterolemic swine. Our results also demonstrate the need for a small region of interest within the arterial walls for accurate and robust estimates of arterial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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11
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Metzger B, Barnes D, Reed J. A Comparison of Pectin, Polyphenols, and Phytosterols, Alone or in Combination, to Lovastatin for Reduction of Serum Lipids in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Swine. J Med Food 2009; 12:854-60. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2008.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B.T. Metzger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D.M. Barnes
- Standard Process, Inc., Palmyra, Wisconsin, USA
| | - J.D. Reed
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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12
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YORIOKA N, TANIGUCHI Y, ITO T, SHAO JC, MASAKI T, YAMASHITA K, YAMAMOTO M, YAMAKIDO M. Lipid risk factors for atherosclerotic carotid artery disease in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.1998.tb00330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Nichols TC, Busby WH, Merricks E, Sipos J, Rowland M, Sitko K, Clemmons DR. Protease-resistant insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-4 inhibits IGF-I actions and neointimal expansion in a porcine model of neointimal hyperplasia. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5002-10. [PMID: 17640990 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IGF-I has been shown to play a role in the progression of atherosclerosis in experimental animal models. IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) binds to IGF-I and prevents its association with receptors. Overexpression of a protease-resistant form of IGFBP-4 has been shown to inhibit the ability of IGF-I to stimulate normal smooth muscle cell growth in mice. Based on these observations, we prepared a protease-resistant form of IGFBP-4 and infused it into hypercholesterolemic pigs. Infusion of the protease-resistant mutant inhibited lesion development by 53.3 +/- 6.1% (n = 6; P < 0.01). Control vessels that received an equimolar concentration of IGF-I and the protease-resistant IGFBP-4 showed no reduction in lesion size compared with control lesions that were infused with vehicle. Infusion of a nonmutated form of IGFBP-4 did not significantly inhibit lesion development. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen analysis showed that the mutant IGFBP-4 appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. The area occupied by extracellular matrix was also reduced proportionally compared with total lesion area. Immunoblotting revealed that the mutant IGFBP-4 remained intact, whereas the wild-type IGFBP-4 that was infused was proteolytically cleaved. Further analysis of the lesions revealed that a marker protein, IGFBP-5, whose synthesis is stimulated by IGF-I, was decreased in the lesions that received the protease-resistant, IGFBP-4 mutant, whereas there was no change in lesions that received wild-type IGFBP-4 or the mutant protein plus IGF-I. These findings clearly illustrate that infusion of protease-resistant IGFBP-4 into the perilesion environment results in inhibition of cell proliferation and attenuation of the development of neointima. The findings support the hypothesis that inhibiting IGFBP-4 proteolysis in the lesion microenvironment could be an effective means for regulating neointimal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Nichols
- Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 8024 Burnett-Womack, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7170, USA
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Dumont D, Behler RH, Nichols TC, Merricks EP, Gallippi CM. ARFI imaging for noninvasive material characterization of atherosclerosis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2006; 32:1703-11. [PMID: 17112956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Revised: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 07/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States, with 70% of CVD mortalities the result of sequelae of atherosclerosis. An urgent need for enhanced delineation of vulnerable plaques has catalyzed the development of novel atherosclerosis imaging strategies that use X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance and ultrasound modalities. As suggested by the pathophysiology of plaque development and progression to vulnerability, insight to the focal material, i.e., mechanical, properties of arterial walls and plaques may enhance atherosclerosis characterization. We present acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) ultrasound in application to mechanically characterizing a raised focal atherosclerotic plaque in an iliac artery extracted from a relevant pig model. ARFI results are correlated to matched immunohistochemistry, indicating elastin and collagen composition. In regions of degraded elastin, slower recovery rates from peak ARFI-induced displacements were observed. In regions of collagen deposition, lower ARFI-induced displacements were achieved. This work demonstrates ARFI for characterizing the material nature of an atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Ibrahim Z, Busch J, Awwad M, Wagner R, Wells K, Cooper DKC. Selected physiologic compatibilities and incompatibilities between human and porcine organ systems. Xenotransplantation 2006; 13:488-99. [PMID: 17059572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2006.00346.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of donor organs is a major barrier to clinical organ transplantation. Although xenotransplantation is considered one of the alternatives to human organ transplantation, there are immunologic and physiologic incompatibilities between humans and pigs. With the exception of coagulation, the major potential physiologic incompatibilities relating to function of the kidney, heart, liver, lungs, pancreatic islets, and hormones are reviewed. Some of these physiologic differences can be overcome by producing genetically altered pigs to improve compatibility with humans. The possibility of producing such pigs for organ transplantation is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhaib Ibrahim
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Bellinger DA, Merricks EP, Nichols TC. Swine Models of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Insulin Resistance, Glucose Tolerance, and Cardiovascular Complications. ILAR J 2006; 47:243-58. [PMID: 16804199 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.47.3.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dwight A Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Lee M, Kim JQ, Kim J, Oh H, Park M. Studies on the plasma lipid profiles, and LCAT and CETP activities according to hyperlipoproteinemia phenotypes (HLP). Atherosclerosis 2001; 159:381-9. [PMID: 11730818 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipoproteinemia phenotypes (HLP), one of genetic disorders with an estimated prevalence of 0.5-2% in the general population, is responsible for 10% of premature CHD. After first screening with the high cholesterol (>6.47 mM/l) and triglyceride (TG) (>2.6 mM/l) levels without medication, subjects were typed for HLP classification. Differential metabolic effects of HLP types on plasma lipid profiles and the reverse cholesterol transport system (RCT) were studied in 196 HLP types (91.2%) and 19 non-HLP (8.8%). A total of 45% of subjects had primary HLP and the others had NIDDM (10.7%), hypertension (9.3%) and other chronic diseases. Type IV HLP (58.6%) was most predominant and Types IIa, IIb, III and V comprised 16.7, 12.1, 2.3 and 1.4% of the HLP. Type I was not found. Plasma lipids excluding apo A-I and Lp(a) were significantly different among HLP compared to non-HLP (P<0.001). Since Type V and III impact the clearance of TG-riched lipoproteins, TG and VLDL-C levels were higher in V and III. TG and LDL-C were higher in Type II than those in the others because of defect of LDL receptors. LCAT activity, lower in Type III and Type IV and highest in Type V, was highly associated with plasma free cholesterol levels and the ratio of apoB/apoA and LDL/HDL. CETP activity was highest in Type V due to high VLDL-C and TG and low HDL-C. The ratio of LCAT/CETP was not different among HLP types but was significantly lower in HLP than in non-HLP. CETP increased 2-3 times as well as LCAT decreased among HLP patients compared to non-HLP. We conclude non-HLP subjects with high cholesterol and TG levels do not always mean high risk of CHD and the intervention effects of HLP types would lead to impose the risk of CHD by the impact of RCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, 249-1, Dongsun-dong, Sungbuk-ku, 136-742, Seoul, South Korea.
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Ribalta J, La Ville AE, Vallvé JC, Girona J, Masana L. Evidence against alterations in Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity in familial combined hyperlipidemia. Atherosclerosis 1998; 138:383-9. [PMID: 9690923 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9150(98)00043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides are characteristic of familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) which may also present with reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) plays a key role in reverse cholesterol transport by converting unesterified cholesterol to cholesterol ester in the process of maturation of HDL in the presence of its activator, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. We hypothesised that alterations in LCAT activity or plasma concentrations or gene sequence of apo A-I could influence HDL metabolism in these patients. We studied cholesterol concentrations of high density lipoprotein subfractions and LCAT activity in 25 FCHL subjects and 48 controls. Total HDL (p=0.018) and HDL2 (p=0.008) were significantly decreased in the FCHL group compared with controls. After analyses with adjusted data only HDL2 remained significantly decreased in the FCHL group (p=0.050). The LDLc/HDLc and A-I/HDLc ratios were significantly elevated in the FCHL group (p <0.0001), the latter suggesting the existence of compositional differences in the HDL particles of the FCHL individuals. LCAT activity assessed in the FCHL (19.94+/-3.95 nmol/ml per h) and control (20.13+/-6.86 nmol/ml per h) groups showed no statistically significant differences. A significant positive correlation of LCAT activity with total HDL (r=0.42), HDL3 cholesterol (r=0.46) and apolipoprotein A-I (r=0.47) was observed in affected subjects but not in controls. An association between a Ga(-75)-A variation in the promoter region of the apo A-I gene and elevated concentrations of apo A-I (p=0.009) and apo C-III (p=0.041) was observed. This association was strongly influenced by the status of the subject providing further evidence for a regulatory role of this genetic region in the expression of FCHL. Our data suggests that LCAT activity is normal in FCHL and, therefore, does not account for the abnormalities observed in these patients essentially with regard to the HDL2 subfraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ribalta
- Unitat de Recerca de Lipids, Facultat de Medicina, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rouirai Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Pond WG, Mersmann HJ. Genetically diverse pig models for neonatal cholesterol nutrition: A review. Nutr Res 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0271-5317(96)00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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