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Krohn JB, Neubauer C, Fischer S, Oberkanins C, Katus HA, Gleissner CA. Optimisation of individual cardiovascular risk assessment in a German coronary artery disease cohort using a commercial test for genetic polymorphisms - a pilot study. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:124-134. [PMID: 36189773 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2116810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Assessment of cardiovascular risk using established risk scores such as ESC SCORE2 or PROCAM insufficiently emphasise the role of genetic factors. We hypothesise that commercially available genetic assays may provide additional information on hereditary cardiovascular risk in a timely and cost-efficient manner. METHODS In a cohort of 51 patients treated for coronary artery disease (CAD) at University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, a subgroup of patients with "unstable" CAD (i.e. recurrent acute coronary syndrome) was identified and compared to patients with "stable" disease (i.e. chronic coronary syndrome). Gene array analysis using a commercial assay for 15 potentially pathogenic polymorphisms revealed our cohort's genetic risk profile regarding atherosclerotic/thromboembolic events. Improvement of cardiovascular risk assessment based on established risk scores was analysed using net reclassification, logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Discriminatory capacity of traditional risk scores such as SCORE2 or PROCAM with regard to stable and unstable CAD groups was poor (ROC AUC <0.5). Patients with "unstable" CAD exhibited a significantly increased frequency of pathogenic eNOS 894 T and MTHFR 1298 C polymorphisms compared to "stable" CAD patients, and information on these polymorphisms individually as well as combinations with additional polymorphisms included in the assay such as ACE D/D or PAI-1 5 G variants markedly improved risk prediction compared to SCORE2/PROCAM alone (ROC AUC ≥0.75). CONCLUSION Commercially available assays for genetic polymorphisms may provide valuable information on individual genetic cardiovascular risk, potentially guiding future primary and/or secondary preventative therapies for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jona B Krohn
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Neubauer
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Medipro Medizinische Diagnostische Produkte GmbH, Hockenheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian A Gleissner
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Stroke Centre, Rottal-Inn Kliniken KU, Eggenfelden, Germany
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2
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Uluturk M, Sabirli R, Kemanci A, Seyit M, Ozen M, Oskay A, Koseler A, Turkcuer I. Investigation of Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Concentration and ACE Gene Polymorphism in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia Admitted to the Emergency Department. Cureus 2022; 14:e31201. [PMID: 36505135 PMCID: PMC9728626 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study seeks to investigate the distribution of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism and serum levels in patients with viral pneumonia and predict which polymorphism will lead to severe progression of the disease. Methodology The serum ACE levels and ACE gene polymorphisms were successfully evaluated with respect to subsequent viral pneumonia using records of 100 patients with viral pneumonia and 100 healthy controls. Results ACE serum concentration was statistically significantly elevated. ACE serum concentration with a cut-off value of ≥5,256.05 pg/mL had 85.3% sensitivity and 83.2% selectivity. In addition, patients with ACE genotype D/D were 0.08 times more likely to manifest severe lung involvement than those with I/I, and patients with the I/D genotype were 0.02 times more likely than their counterparts with I/I. The computed tomography findings of the patients revealed that ACE serum concentration was significantly effective in discriminating between mild and moderate-to-severe lung involvement. No significant difference was observed between the blood parameters and ACE genotype distributions. Conclusions I/D polymorphism likely affects the expression of the ACE gene and/or the function of the angiotensin I converting enzyme. The D/D genotype is associated with vessel wall thickness and higher blood pressure. Strong evidence was found between D/D and I/D genotypes in the patient cohort concerning genotypes and ACE serum concentration. Further analysis showed that ACE serum levels were more elevated in the D/D genotype compared to the I/D genotype in the patient cohort.
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3
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Kostka J, Sikora J, Guligowska A, Kostka T. Quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity are inversely related to angiotensin converting enzyme activity in older men. F1000Res 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 34354813 PMCID: PMC8287535 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51208.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Methods which potentially could prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function are still being sought. There are various attempts to use pharmacological agents to prevent loss of muscle mass, but the effectiveness of many of them still needs to be confirmed. One of the promising therapeutics are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and lowering of serum ACE activity. The goal of this study was to assess if taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) can modify muscle performance in older men as well as to assess the association of serum ACE activity with muscle strength, power, muscle contraction velocity and functional performance. Methods: Seventy-nine older men took part in the study. Muscle function was assessed with hand grip strength, maximum power relative to body mass (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (Ʋopt) of the knee extensor muscles. Anthropometric data, ACE activity and functional performance were also measured. Results: Negative correlations between ACE activity and Pmax (rho=-0.29, p=0.04) as well as Ʋopt (rho=-0.31, p=0.03) in a group of patients not taking ACEI and between ACE activity and Ʋopt (rho=-0.22, p=0.05) in the whole group of men were found. Positive relationship between age and ACE activity was demonstrated (rho=0.26, p=0.02). Age was the only selected variable in the multiple regression analyses to determine both Pmax and Ʋopt. Conclusions: Serum ACE activity negatively associates to muscle power and muscle contraction velocity. The issues related to the impact of taking ACEI on the maintenance of muscle function and functional performance in older man require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostka
- Department of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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4
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Kostka J, Sikora J, Guligowska A, Kostka T. Quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity are inversely related to angiotensin converting enzyme activity in older men. F1000Res 2021; 10:184. [PMID: 34354813 PMCID: PMC8287535 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.51208.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Methods which potentially could prevent age-related loss of muscle mass and function are still being sought. There are various attempts to use pharmacological agents to prevent loss of muscle mass, but the effectiveness of many of them still needs to be confirmed. One of the promising therapeutics are Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and lowering of serum ACE activity. The goal of this study was to assess if taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) can modify muscle performance in older men as well as to assess the association of serum ACE activity with muscle strength, power, muscle contraction velocity and functional performance. Methods: Seventy-nine older men took part in the study. Muscle function was assessed with hand grip strength, maximum power relative to body mass (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (Ʋopt) of the knee extensor muscles. Anthropometric data, ACE activity and functional performance were also measured. Results: Negative correlations between ACE activity and Pmax (rho=-0.29, p=0.04) as well as Ʋopt (rho=-0.31, p=0.03) in a group of patients not taking ACEI and between ACE activity and Ʋopt (rho=-0.22, p=0.05) in the whole group of men were found. Positive relationship between age and ACE activity was demonstrated (rho=0.26, p=0.02). Age was the only selected variable in the multiple regression analyses to determine both Pmax and Ʋopt. Conclusions: Taking ACEI is not associated with a functional performance in older men of the same age and with the same anthropometric parameters. Serum ACE activity negatively associates to muscle power and muscle contraction velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostka
- Department of Gerontology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Guligowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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5
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Vladeanu MC, Bojan IB, Bojan A, Iliescu D, Badescu MC, Badulescu OV, Badescu M, Georgescu CA, Ciocoiu M. Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene D-allele and the severity of coronary artery disease. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3407-3411. [PMID: 32905120 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An important goal is to diagnose patients in early stages, in order to reduce acute cardiovascular events. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is an important element for the cardiovascular system, through its actions on hydro-salin balance and vascular tone. ACE polymorphism consists of insertions (I)/deletions (D) and there are 3 genotypes: II, ID, DD. It is speculated that the DD genotype may be a genetic basis for severe CAD, while the II genotype may have a protective effect on the coronary arteries. The present study included 154 patients with acute coronary syndroms admitted to the Institute for Cardiovascular Disease 'George I.M. Georgescu', Iasi. The patients underwent coronary angiography in order to assess the severity of the lesions and the ACE genotypes were determined for each patient. The genotypes were correlated with the severity of the vessel-disease and the exposure to classic risk factors. It was concluded that the D-allele is associated with a greater risk for acute coronary events and severe coronary stenosis, especially when risk genotype and risk phenotype interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Cristina Vladeanu
- Department of Physiopathology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iris Bararu Bojan
- Department of Physiopathology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Bojan
- Department of Surgical Sciences, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Iliescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Minerva Codruta Badescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Viola Badulescu
- Department of Physiopathology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Magda Badescu
- Department of Physiopathology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Physiopathology, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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6
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Ghorbani E, Mohammadi M, Malakouti SK, Mohammadi-Kangarani H, Abdollahi E, Torab M, Rahimi-Moghaddam P. Association of ACE Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism with Suicidal Attempt in an Iranian Population. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:31-41. [PMID: 32720141 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in suicide. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene is a key component in this system. The relationship between insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene with suicide attempt (SA) is controversial. According to previous studies, allele D in this polymorphism has been considered as a potential risk factor for suicide. However, no study has been conducted in Iran to investigate this matter. This case-control study has focused on investigating the association of ACE I/D polymorphism (rs1799752) with SA in an Iranian population. The frequency of genotypes was 14% for II, 55% for ID, and 31% for DD in the case group (100 persons), and 18% for II, 74% for ID, and 8% for DD in control group (100 persons). Results show there was a significant difference in the distribution of ACE I/D polymorphism genotypes in men with SA compared to controls, as well as in women with SA compared to controls. Also, there was a significant association between DD genotype and the risk of SA compared to II genotype as reference. The severity of depression was significantly different between DD and II genotypes in SA group. According to the results, we suggest that the presence of DD genotype is possibly associated with an increased risk of SA. Maybe part of that is related to severity of depression in DD genotypes carriers of ACE I/D polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghorbani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadi
- School of Pharmacy, Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Kazem Malakouti
- Mental Health Research Center, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry-School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Mansour Torab
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Rahimi-Moghaddam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, 1449614525, Iran.
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7
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Oliveira-Paula GH, Pereira SC, Tanus-Santos JE, Lacchini R. Pharmacogenomics And Hypertension: Current Insights. PHARMACOGENOMICS & PERSONALIZED MEDICINE 2019; 12:341-359. [PMID: 31819590 PMCID: PMC6878918 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s230201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a multifactorial disease that affects approximately one billion subjects worldwide and is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular events, including coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents. Therefore, adequate blood pressure control is important to prevent these events, reducing premature mortality and disability. However, only one third of patients have the effective control of blood pressure, despite several classes of antihypertensive drugs available. These disappointing outcomes may be at least in part explained by interpatient variability in drug response due to genetic polymorphisms. To address the effects of genetic polymorphisms on blood pressure responses to the antihypertensive drug classes, studies have applied candidate genes and genome wide approaches. More recently, a third approach that considers gene-gene interactions has also been applied in hypertension pharmacogenomics. In this article, we carried out a comprehensive review of recent findings on the pharmacogenomics of antihypertensive drugs, including diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, and calcium channel blockers. We also discuss the limitations and inconsistences that have been found in hypertension pharmacogenomics and the challenges to implement this valuable approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sherliane C Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose E Tanus-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Lacchini
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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8
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Pinheiro DS, Santos RS, Jardim PCBV, Silva EG, Reis AAS, Pedrino GR, Ulhoa CJ. The combination of ACE I/D and ACE2 G8790A polymorphisms revels susceptibility to hypertension: A genetic association study in Brazilian patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221248. [PMID: 31430320 PMCID: PMC6701835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is a multifactorial condition that already affects one third of the worldwide population. The identification of candidate genes for hypertension is a challenge for the next years. Nevertheless, the small contribution of each individual genetic factor to the disease brings the necessity of evaluate genes in an integrative manner and taking into consideration the physiological interaction of functions. Angiotensin I-converting enzymes, ACE and ACE2, are key regulators of blood pressure that have counterbalance roles by acting on vasoactive peptides from Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS). Insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of ACE gene and single nucleotide polymorphism G8790A of ACE2 gene have been associated with susceptibility to SAH, but the literature is controversial. We proposed to evaluate these two polymorphisms jointly exploring the combined effects of ACE and ACE2 genotypes on SAH susceptibility, an approach that have not been done yet for ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms. METHODS AND FINDINGS This genetic association study included 117 hypertensive (mean age 59.7 years) patients and 123 normotensive and diabetes-free controls (mean age 57.5 years). ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms were genotyped by SYBR Green real-time PCR and RFLP-PCR, respectively. Crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) values were calculated to estimate the susceptibility to SAH development. It was obtained homogeneity regarding distribution by sex, age range, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) between case and control groups. No-association was verified for each gene individually, but the combination of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms on female gender revealed a significative association for DD/G_ carriers who had a 3-fold increased risk to SAH development (p = 0.03), with a stronger susceptibility on DD/GG carriers (7-fold increased risk, p = 0.01). The D allele of ACE showed association with altered levels of lipid profile variables on case group (VLDL-cholesterol, p = 0.01) and DD genotype in all individuals analysis (triglycerides, p = 0.01 and VLDL-cholesterol, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the combination of ACE and ACE2 polymorphisms effects may play a role in SAH predisposition been the DD/G_ genotype the susceptibility profile. This result allowed us to raise the hypothesis that an increased activity of ACE (prohypertensive effects) in conjunction with reduced ACE2 activity (antihypertensive effects) could be the underlining mechanism. The association of ACE D allele with lipid alterations indicate that this can be a marker of poor prognostic on SAH evolution and contribute to CVD development. Although these preliminary findings must be confirmed by further researches with larger sample size, we could observe that the integrative analysis of ACE and ACE2 can be an informative tool in hypertension understanding that needs to be explored in new studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise S. Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Santos
- Department of Nature Sciences (LEdoC), Special Academic Unit of Human Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo C. B. Veiga Jardim
- League of Hypertension, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Elisangela G. Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Angela A. S. Reis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R. Pedrino
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cirano J. Ulhoa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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9
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Nouryazdan N, Adibhesami G, Birjandi M, Heydari R, Yalameha B, Shahsavari G. Study of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, enzyme activity and oxidized low density lipoprotein in Western Iranians with atherosclerosis: a case-control study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:184. [PMID: 31370787 PMCID: PMC6676562 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been indicated that Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism (rs4646994) could be regarded as a genetic factor that raises the risk of CAD through its impact on the activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II level. The present study seeks to examine the relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism with the risk of atherosclerosis. Moreover, its potential effects on ACE activity and oxLDL level are investigated. Methods In this study, 145 healthy individuals and 154 patients (143 males and 156 females) were selected among the subjects referred to Shahid Madani Hospital. Atherosclerosis was determined in all subjects with gold standard angiography. Blood samples were collected, used to isolate white blood cells (WBC) and serum separation. The DNA was extracted and the polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The enzyme activity was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results This study indicated that patients with atherosclerosis had higher levels of oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (oxLDL) and ACE activity (P < 0.05) as compared to controls. Although we found a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism genotype and the allele with atherosclerosis in the male group, there were no association when the entire patient group was compared to the entire control group. Conclusion Our study revealed the ACE I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene may not be an independent risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis and evaluation of ACE activity level is more important in evaluating the risk of disease. The researchers found no relation between ACE I/D polymorphism and atherosclerosis and also between types of genotype, ACE activity, and OxLDL level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Glavizh Adibhesami
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Birjandi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Yalameha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Shahsavari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. .,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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10
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Temel SG, Ergoren MC, Yilmaz I, Oral HB. The use of ACE INDEL polymorphism as a biomarker of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans with Mediterranean-style diet. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:576-580. [PMID: 30414419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The ACE INDEL gene polymorphisms are strongly associated with CAD. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ACE INDEL polymorphism and CAD in Turkish Cypriots whose are expected to have Mediterranean-style diet. 273 Turkish Cypriot descent volunteer subjects (186 controls and 87 CAD patients) participated in this study. Genotyping for the ACE INDEL polymorphism was performed by PCR-RFLP analysis. Biochemical parameters except the glucose and triglyceride lipid level were all within normal limits. Glucose level was found significant (p = 0.019) and triglyceride level was observed at the borderline for significance (p = 0.050) in participants according to WHO guidelines. With the respect to the genotype and allele distributions of ACE INDEL, the results showed statistically significant in CAD patients (p = 0.034) and not significant (p = 0.190) in controls. Haplotype analysis showed that D allele was more frequent in patients compared to controls. Thus, there is a statistically significant association with CAD disease with DD genotypes (p = 0.030) in Turkish Cypriot population. The results indicated that ACE INDEL polymorphism is an important predictor of coronary artery disease in Turkish Cypriots. Although 47% of the studied Turkish Cypriot population carry the D allele (p = 0.07), protocols should be developed for prevention strategies immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehime Gulsun Temel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Cerkez Ergoren
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus; Experimental Health Sciences Research Center (DESAM), Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Izel Yilmaz
- Department of Medical Immunology, Institute of Health Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Haluk Barbaros Oral
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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11
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Hmimech W, Idrissi HH, Diakite B, Korchi F, Baghdadi D, Tahri Joutey Hassani Idrissi H, Haboub M, Habbal R, Nadifi S. Impact of I/D polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene on myocardial infarction susceptibility among young Moroccan patients. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:763. [PMID: 29268798 PMCID: PMC5740925 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-3039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Our case–control study aimed to access the potential association of insertion/deletion (I/D) ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) gene polymorphism with myocardial infarction (MI) risk of occurrence among a sample of Moroccan patients, especially young ones. Results Distribution of I/D ACE gene variant among cases vs controls, showed that healthy controls carried out higher frequency of wild type allele I compared to cases (23.5% vs 21.79% respectively), when cases were carrying higher frequency of mutant allele D (78.21% vs 76.5% for controls). Patients were-after this- divided into two groups of < 45 and > 55 years of age, to investigate whether or not younger patients carried out higher frequency of the mutant allele D, than older ones. As expected, < 45 years old patients carried out more DD genotype than older ones (68.9% vs 54.6% respectively), and higher frequency of mutant allele D (81.08% vs 75% respectively). Besides, a tendency to a positive association was found under the recessive genetic transmission model (OR [95% CI] = 1.85 [0.93–3.69], P = 0.08), suggesting that the I/D ACE polymorphism may be associated with MI occurrence among younger patients (< 45 years of age). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-017-3039-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiam Hmimech
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, 19, Street TarikIbnouZiad, B. P: 9154, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hind Hassani Idrissi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, 19, Street TarikIbnouZiad, B. P: 9154, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Brehima Diakite
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, 19, Street TarikIbnouZiad, B. P: 9154, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Farah Korchi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Dalila Baghdadi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Meriem Haboub
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachida Habbal
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Center IbnRochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sellama Nadifi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University Hassan II, 19, Street TarikIbnouZiad, B. P: 9154, Casablanca, Morocco
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Pan Y, Lu H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and susceptibility to Kawasaki disease: a meta-analysis. Afr Health Sci 2017; 17:991-999. [PMID: 29937869 PMCID: PMC5870280 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v17i4.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D polymorphism has been reported to be associated with Kawasaki disease (KD), but studies to date present conflicting results. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to derive a more precise estimation of the association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and KD risk. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI and Wangfang databases were retrievaled to identify for relevant studies from inception to May 2017. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata 12.0 software. RESULTS A total of 6 case-control studies comprising 634 patients and 458 controls were included in the meta-analysis, and we found a significant association between the ACE I/D polymorphism and KD risk (D vs I:OR = 0.81, 95%CI = 0.31-2.11;DD vs II: OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 0.42-2.54; DI vs II: OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.09-1.90; dominant model: OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.11-1.85; recessive model: OR = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.44-3.29 ). When stratified by sample size>200, this polymorphism is associated with an increased the risk of KD. CONCLUSION The I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene may be associated with susceptibility to KD.
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Kostka J, Sikora J, Kostka T. Relationship of quadriceps muscle power and optimal shortening velocity with angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in older women. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1753-1760. [PMID: 29089749 PMCID: PMC5656348 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s146494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to assess whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is related to muscle function (strength, power and velocity), as well as to assess if ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and other angiotensin system blocking medications (ASBMs) influence muscle performance in elderly women. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-five community-dwelling elderly women took part in this study. Anthropometric data, blood ACE activity analysis, maximum power (Pmax) and optimal shortening velocity (υopt) of the knee extensor muscles, handgrip strength, physical activity (PA) and functional performance were measured. RESULTS Women taking ACEI were on average almost 2 years older than the women who did not take ACEI. They took more medicines and were also characterized by significantly lower level of ACE, but they did not differ in terms of PA level, results of functional performance and parameters characterizing muscle functions. No correlations of ACE activity with Pmax and handgrip strength, as well as with PA or functional performance were found. Higher ACE activity was connected with lower υopt for women who did not take any ASBMs (rho =-0.37; p=0.01). CONCLUSION Serum ACE activity was not associated with muscle strength, power and functional performance in both ASBM users and nonusers, but was associated with optimal shortening velocity of quadriceps muscles in older women. Further prospective studies are needed to assess if ACEIs or other ASBMs may slow down the decline in muscle function and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre
- Department of Physical Medicine
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kostka
- Department of Geriatrics, Healthy Ageing Research Centre
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RAS Genetic Variants in Interaction with ACE Inhibitors Drugs Influences Essential Hypertension Control. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:88-95. [PMID: 28577874 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS Essential Hypertension (EH) is a common disorder associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. To investigate how genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) influence EH control with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor drugs (ACEI). METHODS A case-control, cross-sectional population-based nested study (n = 142) included hypertensive subjects treated with ACEI drugs, either lisinopril or enalapril (20 mg, once daily) as monotherapy for 24 weeks. In total seven possible polymorphisms of RAS genes were genotyped. The association between those polymorphisms and the changes in blood pressure were observed in the 24 week treatment. RESULTS Statistically significant associations of I, G, T, M and G alleles of ACE (I/D, G2350A), AGT (M235T, T175M and G-6A) respectively were observed in essential hypertensive subjects. The decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure after 24 weeks of treatment of the patients carrying II, GG, and TT genotypes were greater than the groups carrying DD, AA, MM, MM and GG of I/D, G2350A, M235T, T174M and G-6A genotypes respectively. In contrast, No significant difference was observed between renin gene polymorphisms (Bg/I and MboI) and hypertensives. CONCLUSIONS Although this study shows a possible association of polymorphisms of RAS genes with the risk of non-control of HT in ACEI-treated patients and indicates the importance of all this system's components in regulating HT, it needs to be replicated in other data sources.
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Milionis HJ, Kostapanos MS, Vakalis K, Theodorou I, Bouba I, Kalaitzidis R, Georgiou I, Elisaf MS, Siamopoulos KC. Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes on the treatment response of patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 8:181-9. [PMID: 18205097 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2007.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the influence of clinical, biochemical and genetic markers on the response to antihypertensive treatment in patients with essential hypertension and the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods. Measurements of anthropometric indices, blood pressure (BP), and metabolic parameters were obtained from the medical records of 132 (77 women) newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensive patients. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes polymorphisms (including ACE I/D, angiotensinogen M235T, angiotensin II type 1 receptor [AT1-receptor] A1166C) were determined. Response to treatment was defined as BP less than 140/90 mmHg. Results. Patients with MetS (n=60) had higher systolic BP and pulse pressure and a more atherogenic lipid profile than patients without MetS.The frequencies of the ACE and the AT1-receptor gene polymorphisms were similar between patients with and without MetS. Response to treatment was positively associated with pulse pressure, and the presence of the C allele as well as the AC genotype of the AT1-receptor gene and inversely with age after adjustment for confounding factors. Conclusions. RAAS genes distribution does not differ between hypertensive patients with and without the MetS. Higher baseline pulse pressure levels, the presence of the C allele and/or the AC genotype may be in favour of a better response to structured antihypertensive treatment in patients with MetS. However, these findings need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haralampos J Milionis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael S Kostapanos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Vakalis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Theodorou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioanna Bouba
- Laboratory of Human Reproductive Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Rigas Kalaitzidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Georgiou
- Laboratory of Human Reproductive Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Moses S Elisaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kostas C Siamopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Outpatient Hypertension Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Woo N, Kim SK, Kang SH. Voltage-programming-based capillary gel electrophoresis for the fast detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism with high sensitivity. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:3230-8. [PMID: 27307099 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A voltage-programming-based capillary gel electrophoresis method with a laser-induced fluorescence detector was developed for the fast and highly sensitive detection of DNA molecules related to angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, which has been reported to influence predisposition to various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. Various voltage programs were investigated for fast detection of specific DNA molecules of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism as a function of migration time and separation efficiency to establish the effect of voltage strength to resolution. Finally, the amplified products of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism (190 and 490 bp DNA) were analyzed in 3.2 min without losing resolution under optimum voltage programming conditions, which were at least 75 times faster than conventional slab gel electrophoresis. In addition, the capillary gel electrophoresis method also successfully applied to the analysis of real human blood samples, although no polymorphism genes were detected by slab gel electrophoresis. Consequently, the developed voltage-programming capillary gel electrophoresis method with laser-induced fluorescence detection is an effective, rapid analysis technique for highly sensitive detection of disease-related specific DNA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nain Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Saleem S, Azam A, Maqsood SI, Muslim I, Bashir S, Fazal N, Riaz M, Ali SHB, Niazi MK, Ishaq M, Waheed NK, Qamar R, Azam M. Role of ACE and PAI-1 Polymorphisms in the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144557. [PMID: 26658948 PMCID: PMC4679138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we determined the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene polymorphisms with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its sub-clinical classes in Pakistani type 2 diabetic patients. A total of 353 diabetic subjects including 160 DR and 193 diabetic non retinopathy (DNR) as well as 198 healthy controls were genotyped by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ACE Insertion/Deletion (ID) polymorphism, rs4646994 in intron 16 and PAI-1 4G/5G (deletion/insertion) polymorphism, rs1799768 in promoter region of the gene. To statistically assess the genotype-phenotype association, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to the genotype data of DR, DNR and control individuals as well as the subtypes of DR. The ACE genotype ID was found to be significantly associated with DR (p = 0.009, odds ratio (OR) 1.870 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04–3.36]) and its sub-clinical class non-proliferative DR (NPDR) (p = 0.006, OR 2.250 [95% CI = 1.098–4.620]), while PAI polymorphism did not show any association with DR in the current cohort. In conclusion in Pakistani population the ACE ID polymorphism was observed to be significantly associated with DR and NPDR, but not with the severe form of the disease i.e. proliferative DR (PDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Azam
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Irfan Muslim
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaheena Bashir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Fazal
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Moeen Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Khizar Niazi
- Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ishaq
- Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Khalida Waheed
- Tufts University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (RQ); (MA)
| | - Maleeha Azam
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (RQ); (MA)
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Al-Hazzani A, Daoud MS, Ataya FS, Fouad D, Al-Jafari AA. Renin-angiotensin system gene polymorphisms among Saudi patients with coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:8. [PMID: 25984491 PMCID: PMC4389886 DOI: 10.1186/2241-5793-21-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The polymorphisms in the components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are important in the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) in some individuals. Our objectives in the present investigation were to determine whether three RAS polymorphisms, angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D), angiotensin receptor II (Ang II AT2 - C3123A) and angiotensinogen (AGT-M235T), are associated with CAD in the Saudi population. We recruited 225 subjects with angiographically confirmed CAD who had identical ethnic backgrounds and 110 control subjects. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) technique was used to detect polymorphisms in the RAS gene. RESULTS Within the CAD group, for the ACE I/D genotype, DD was found in 64.4%, 26.3% carried the ID genotype, and 9.3% carried the II genotype. Within the control group, the DD genotype was found in 56.4%, 23.6% carried the ID genotype, and 20% carried the II genotype. The odds ratio (OR) of the ACE DD vs II genotype with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was 2.45 (1.26-4.78), with p = 0.008. For the Ang II AT2 receptor C3123A genotype, within the CAD group, CC was found in 39.6%, 17.8% carried the CA genotype, and 42.6% carried the AA genotype. Within the control group, CC was found in 39.1%, 60.9% carried the CA genotype, and there was an absence of the AA genotype. The OR of the Ang II AT2 receptor C3123A CC vs AA genotypes (95% CI) was 0.01, with p = 0.0001. A significant association with CAD was shown. For the AGT-M235T genotype, within the CAD group, MM was found in 24.0%, 43.6% carried the MT genotype and 32.4% carried the TT genotype. Within the control group, MM was found in 26.4%, 45.5% carried the TT genotype and 28.2% carried the MT genotype. The OR of MM vs TT (95% CI) was 0.79 (0.43 to 1.46), which was insignificant. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between the ACE I/D and Ang II AT2 receptor C3123A polymorphisms and CAD, however, no association was detected between the AGT M235T polymorphism and CAD in the Saudi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Hazzani
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11459 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Daoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia ; King Fahd Unit Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital, Cairo University, El-Manial, Cairo, 11562 Egypt
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Dalia Fouad
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Jafari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
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Gender specific association of RAS gene polymorphism with essential hypertension: a case-control study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:538053. [PMID: 24860821 PMCID: PMC4016835 DOI: 10.1155/2014/538053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) polymorphisms have been studied as candidate risk factors for hypertension with inconsistent results, possibly due to heterogeneity among various genetic and environmental factors. A case-control association study was conducted to investigate a possible involvement of polymorphisms of three RAS genes: AGT M235T (rs699), ACE I/D (rs4340) and G2350A (rs4343), and AGTR1 A1166C (rs5186) in essential hypertensive patients. A total of 211 cases and 211 controls were recruited for this study. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method. The genotype and allele distribution of the M235T variant differed significantly in hypertensives and normotensives (OR-CI = 2.62 (1.24–5.76), P = 0.006; OR-CI = 0.699 (0.518–0.943), P = 0.018), respectively. When the samples were segregated based on sex, the 235TT genotype and T allele were predominant in the female patients (OR-CI = 5.68 (1.60-25.10), P = 0.002; OR-CI = 0.522 (0.330–0.826), P = 0.005) as compare to the male patients (OR-CI = 1.54 (1.24–5.76), P = 0.34; OR-CI = 0.874 (0.330–0.826), P = 0.506), respectively. For ACE DD variant, we found overrepresentation of “I”-allele (homozygous II and heterozygous ID) in unaffected males which suggest its protective role in studied population (OR-CI = 0.401 (0.224–0.718); P = 0.0009). The M235T variant of the AGT is significantly associated with female hypertensives and ACE DD variant could be a risk allele for essential hypertension in south India.
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Sipahi T, Budak M, Şen S, Ay A, Şener S. Association Between ACE Gene Insertion (I)/Deletion (D) Polymorphism and Primary Hypertension in Turkish Patients of Trakya Region. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2006.10817350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Gontijo CC, Guerra Amorim CE, Godinho NMO, Toledo RCP, Nunes A, Silva W, Da Fonseca Moura MM, De Oliveira JCC, Pagotto RC, De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães M, De Oliveira SF. Brazilian quilombos: A repository of Amerindian alleles. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 26:142-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carvalho Gontijo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Guerra Amorim
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Oliveira Godinho
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Instituto de Criminalística Leonardo Rodrigues; 74425-030 Goiânia GO Brazil
| | - Rafaela Cesare Parmezan Toledo
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Adriana Nunes
- Departamento de Arqueologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Wellington Silva
- Faculdade Adventista da Bahia; Caixa Postal 18 44300-000 Cachoeira BA Brazil
| | | | | | - Rubiani C. Pagotto
- Departamento de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Rondônia; 76801-059 Porto Velho RO Brazil
| | - Maria De Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Silviene Fabiana De Oliveira
- Laboratório de Genética, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília; 70910-900 Brasília DF Brazil
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine; University of Connecticut Health Center; 06032 Farmington CT, USA
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Kalita J, Misra UK, Kumar B, Somarajan BI, Kumar S, Mittal B. ACE and ADD1 gene in extra and intracranial atherosclerosis in ischaemic stroke. Neurol Res 2013; 35:429-34. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132813y.0000000161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayantee Kalita
- Department of NeurologySanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,
| | - Usha K Misra
- Department of NeurologySanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,
| | - Bishwanath Kumar
- Department of NeurologySanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,
| | - Bindu I Somarajan
- Department of NeurologySanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of RadiodiagnosisSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India,
| | - Balraj Mittal
- Department of Medical GeneticsSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Ulasli SS, Eyuboglu FO, Verdi H, Atac FB. Associations between endothelial nitric oxide synthase A/B, angiotensin converting enzyme I/D and serotonin transporter L/S gene polymorphisms with pulmonary hypertension in COPD patients. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:5625-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gender specificity of a genetic variant of angiotensin-converting enzyme and risk of coronary artery disease. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:4959-65. [PMID: 23661020 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Etiological factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) involve a wide range of gene and environmental interactions. One of the systems being implicated in the pathophysiology of CAD is the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). However, the genetic polymorphisms of this system have not been widely studied in Iranian patients diagnosed with CAD. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between six gene polymorphisms of RAS components and CAD in a sample of Iranian population. A total of 374 participants were enrolled in a case/control study. The presence of CAD was determined by coronary angiography. Genotyping of six RAS gene polymorphisms was performed using a modified PCR-RFLP method. Our results revealed, for the first time, a significant independent association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) A-240T polymorphism and incidence of CAD among Iranian women (P=0.005, OR=20.4, 95% CI=2.49-41.2). There has also been a significant difference in genotype distribution of ACE A-240T (P=0.008) and angiotensin II receptor type 2 C3123A polymorphism (P=0.032) in Iranian female participants. In conclusion, TT genotype of ACE A-240T seems to be a genetic risk factor for CAD in Iranian women.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism in north Indian population with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 2013; 17:1029-37. [PMID: 23371888 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-012-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A deletion of 287-bp Alu repeat of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) gene is associated with hypertension. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of ACE (I/D) polymorphism in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Genotyping of ACE (I/D) gene polymorphism and estimation of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (SACE) activity were done in 813 subjects who underwent polysomnography. Of these, 395 were apneics and 418 were non-apneics. RESULTS The frequencies of II genotype (OR = 1.8, 95 % CI 1.26-2.60, p = 0.001) and I allele (OR = 1.4, 95 % CI 1.13-1.69, p = 0.001) of ACE gene were found to be significantly increased in patients with OSA as compared to patients without OSA. Frequency of II genotype was significantly decreased (OR = 0.46, 95 % CI 0.28-0.77, p = 0.003) in OSA patients with hypertension. In contrast, the frequencies of ID (OR = 1.80, 95 % CI 1.08-2.99, p = 0.024) and DD genotypes (OR = 2.15, 95 % CI 1.30-3.57, p = 0.003) were significantly increased in this group. The activity of SACE was significantly decreased in the apneic group as compared to the non-apneic group (OR = 0.99, 95 % CI 0.98-1.00, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that II genotype confers susceptibility towards development of OSA whereas DD genotype confers susceptibility towards hypertension irrespective of OSA.
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Bernstein KE, Ong FS, Blackwell WLB, Shah KH, Giani JF, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Shen XZ, Fuchs S, Touyz RM. A modern understanding of the traditional and nontraditional biological functions of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 65:1-46. [PMID: 23257181 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for converting angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. However, ACE is a relatively nonspecific peptidase that is capable of cleaving a wide range of substrates. Because of this, ACE and its peptide substrates and products affect many physiologic processes, including blood pressure control, hematopoiesis, reproduction, renal development, renal function, and the immune response. The defining feature of ACE is that it is composed of two homologous and independently catalytic domains, the result of an ancient gene duplication, and ACE-like genes are widely distributed in nature. The two ACE catalytic domains contribute to the wide substrate diversity of ACE and, by extension, the physiologic impact of the enzyme. Several studies suggest that the two catalytic domains have different biologic functions. Recently, the X-ray crystal structure of ACE has elucidated some of the structural differences between the two ACE domains. This is important now that ACE domain-specific inhibitors have been synthesized and characterized. Once widely available, these reagents will undoubtedly be powerful tools for probing the physiologic actions of each ACE domain. In turn, this knowledge should allow clinicians to envision new therapies for diseases not currently treated with ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Bernstein
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis 2021, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Narne P, Ponnaluri KC, Singh S, Siraj M, Ishaq M. Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphism, angiographically defined coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:478-86. [PMID: 22679279 DOI: 10.1177/1470320312448947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of ACE gene I/D polymorphism on the development and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We screened 283 T2DM patients, inclusive of 160 patients with angiographically defined CAD, 73 patients with MI, 89 patients without MI and 121 T2DM individuals with no evidence of CAD for ACE gene I /D polymorphism. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and alleles of ACE gene I/D polymorphism between T2DM+CAD and T2DM (non-CAD) groups. However, a significant association of this polymorphism with MI in T2DM+CAD patients (p=0.024) was observed. Further analysis revealed that the frequencies of the DD and ID genotypes increased with the number of stenosed coronary vessels (p=0.026). The DD genotype and the D allele were more frequent in the subgroup of T2DM patients with multivessel CAD (p=0.01) than in individuals with single vessel stenosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal a significant relationship between ACE gene I/D polymorphism, multivessel CAD and also the occurrence of MI in T2DM individuals with significant coronary stenoses in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimala Narne
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, India. Hyderabad , India.
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Firouzabadi N, Tajik N, Bahramali E, Bakhshandeh H, Ebrahimi SA, Maadani M, Rasoulian M, Mobasheri T, Shafiei M. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism with coronary artery disease in Iranian patients with unipolar depression. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:1347-52. [PMID: 22683751 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Major depressive disorder (MDD) is an increasingly recognized risk factor of coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genetic polymorphisms and CAD in a sample of depressed Iranian patients. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 191 patients with a history of unipolar depression were enrolled in a case/control study. The presence of MDD was reconfirmed at study entry using DSM-IV criteria and CAD was diagnosed by coronary angiography. Genotyping of six RAS genes polymorphisms was performed by a modified PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS DD genotype of ACE I/D was independently associated with the incidence of CAD in depressed patients (P=0.011, OR=9.41, 95% CI: 1.68-17.81). Moreover, serum creatinine (P=0.033, OR=11.91, 95%CI: 7.23-15.62) was an independent predictor of CAD among depressed individuals. CONCLUSION ACE I/D polymorphism may play a major role in the development of CAD amongst Iranian depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Firouzabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Nakamura E, Okamoto T, Nagaya K, Hayashi T. Maternal deletion allele of Angiotensin-converting enzyme gene is associated with fetal growth restriction. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2012; 15:114-7. [PMID: 22150532 DOI: 10.2350/11-09-1092-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between maternal and fetal angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion or deletion polymorphism and birth size, angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion or deletion polymorphisms of 470 Japanese pairs of mothers and infants were genotyped. The relationships between maternal and fetal angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion or deletion polymorphisms and birth sizes (weight, length, head circumference, and the incidence of small-for-gestational age status) were analyzed. No relationship between fetal angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype and birth size was observed. In contrast, the incidence of small-for-gestational age status in babies whose mothers had 1 or 2 deletion alleles was greater than that in babies whose mothers had 2 insertion alleles (7% vs 3%, P = 0.045). Maternal deletion allele of angiotensin-converting enzyme is associated with fetal growth restriction in the Japanese normal population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiki Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical College, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan.
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Srivastava K, Sundriyal R, Meena PC, Bhatia J, Narang R, Saluja D. Association of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (Insertion/Deletion) Gene Polymorphism with Essential Hypertension in Northern Indian Subjects. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 16:174-7. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2011.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamna Srivastava
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Sundriyal
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prakash C. Meena
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Narang
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Li ZH, Pan XM, Han BW, Han HB, Zhang Z, Gao LB. No association between ACE polymorphism and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 13:210-5. [PMID: 22064901 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311426168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays pivotal roles not only in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis but also in the process of tumorigenesis. A common ACE I/D polymorphism has been found to be functional, with the D allele displaying a higher plasma ACE level and ACE activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the ACE I/D polymorphism was related to the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The study included 175 patients with NPC and 279 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The ACE I/D polymorphism was identified by a polymerase chain reaction analysis. No association was found between the ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of NPC (ID vs. II: odds ratio [OR] = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51-1.17; DD vs. II: OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.56-1.72, respectively). This finding indicates that the ACE I/D polymorphism may not play a role in susceptibility to NPC. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding, especially in ethnically disparate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Li
- Secondary Department of General Surgery, Luo Yang Central Hospital, PR China
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The association between ACE polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer in a Chinese population. Clin Biochem 2011; 44:1223-6. [PMID: 21843521 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) plays crucial roles not only in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis but also in the pathology of carcinomas. An insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism in intron 16 of ACE gene was identified to be functional. We aimed to investigate the association between ACE I/D polymorphism and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). DESIGN AND METHODS Using genomic DNA from 241 CRC patients and 299 control subjects, we genotyped the ACE I/D polymorphism using a polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS We found that patients carrying the D allele were associated with an increased risk of developing poorly differentiated cancer and metastasis compared with those carrying the I allele (OR=1.54, 95%CI, 1.04-2.28; OR=1.56, 95%CI, 1.08-2.26, respectively), although no significant association was observed between cases and controls in overall analysis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the ACE I/D polymorphism is likely to play a role in CRC progression.
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Yan W, Zhang Y, Shan Z, Wang Q, Huang Y, Wang C, Yan K. Tagging SNPs in REN, AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes and response of renin activity, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations to antihypertensive treatment in Kazakans. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:581-7. [PMID: 21810897 DOI: 10.1177/1470320311418266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polymorphisms of REN, AGTR1 and AGTR2 may be associated with responses of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity phenotypes to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) antihypertensive treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 400 first diagnosed Kazak hypertensives were randomly allocated to two groups and received a 3-week course of either captopril and atenolol as monotherapy under double blinding. Genotype-phenotype association analyses were performed by covariance analyses between baseline level and responses of blood pressure, renin, angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations with tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in REN, AGTR1 and AGTR2 genes. A false discovery rate method was used to adjust multiple testing. RESULTS After adjustment for multiple testing, we found that the G allele of rs6676670 (T/G) in intron 1 of REN was significantly associated with higher baseline aldosterone concentrations (p < 0.0001, explained variance (EV) = 2.3%). Significant associations after adjustments were also found between the A allele of rs2887284, with higher baseline renin activity (p = 0.022, EV = 1.0%), higher responses of renin (p = 0.018 EV = 5.4%), and higher responses of angiotensin II (p = 0.0255, EV = 3.13%) to the treatment of ACEI. The carriers of the A allele of rs2887284 appeared to be more sensitive to the ACEI treatment. CONCLUSION rs2887284 in intron 9 of REN is associated with the response of renin and angiotensin II levels to ACEI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Yan
- Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Parenica J, Goldbergova MP, Kala P, Jarkovsky J, Poloczek M, Manousek J, Prymusova K, Kubkova L, Tomcikova D, Toman O, Tesak M, Tomandl J, Vasku A, Spinar J. ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism has a mild influence on the acute development of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2010; 10:60. [PMID: 21162760 PMCID: PMC3022786 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-10-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated the associations among angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, ACE activity and post-myocardial infarction (MI) left ventricular dysfunction and acute heart failure (AHF) early after presentation with MI with ST-segment elevation (STEMI). Methods A total of 556 patients with STEMI treated by primary PCI (421 patients without AHF and 135 patients with AHF) were the study population. The activity of BNP, NT-ProBNP and ACE were measured at hospital admission and 24 h after MI onset. Left ventricular angiography was done before PCI; echocardiography was undertaken between the third and fifth day after MI. Results In comparison with the II genotypes group, the DD/ID group had a higher level of ACE activity upon hospital admission (p < 0.001). We found a significantly higher level of ACE activity in patients with moderate LV dysfunction (EF 40-54%) in comparison both with patients with preserved LV function (EF ≥55%) and with patients with severe LV dysfunction (p = 0.028). A non-significant trend towards a higher incidence of mild AHF (22.1% vs. 16.02%, p = 0,093), a significantly higher value of end-systolic volume (ESV/BSA) (30.0 ± 12.3 vs. 28.5 ± 13.0; p < 0.05) and lower EF (50.2 ± 11.1 vs. 52.7 ± 11.7; p < 0.05) in the DD/ID genotypes group was noted. Even after multiple adjustments according to multivariate models, the EF for the DD/ID group remained significantly lower (p = 0,033). The DD/ID genotypes were associated with a significantly higher risk of EF <45% (OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.28; 3.25]). Conclusions These results suggest that the I/D polymorphism of ACE is associated with the development of LV dysfunction in the acute phase after STEMI. We demonstrated for the first time an association of the low ACE activity with the severe LV dysfunction, although patients with moderate LV dysfunction had higher level ACE activity than patients with preserved LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Parenica
- Cardiology Department, Faculty Hospital Brno, Jihlavska 20, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Abboud N, Ghazouani L, Kaabi B, Ben-Hadj-Khalifa S, Addad F, Marwen M, Almawi WY, Mahjoub T. Evaluation of the Contribution of Renin Angiotensin System Polymorphisms to the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Among Tunisians. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2010; 14:661-6. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2010.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Abboud
- Research Unit of Hematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Lakhder Ghazouani
- Research Unit of Hematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Belhassen Kaabi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Ecology of Parasites, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Ben-Hadj-Khalifa
- Research Unit of Hematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fawzi Addad
- Intensive Care Unit of Cardiology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahjoub Marwen
- Intensive Care Unit of Cardiology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Y. Almawi
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Touhami Mahjoub
- Research Unit of Hematological and Autoimmune Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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Morris BJ. HYPOTHESIS: AN ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME/GENOTYPE, PRESENT IN ONE IN THREE CAUCASIANS, IS ASSOCIATED WITH AN INCREASED MORTALITY RATE. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.1996.tb03054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Wenquan Niu, Yue Qi, Pingjin Gao, Dingliang Zhu. Review: Association between angiotensin converting enzyme G2350A polymorphism and hypertension risk: a meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2010; 12:8-14. [PMID: 20639399 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310375859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: An exonic polymorphism G2350A (rs4343) in angiotensin converting enzyme (protein: ACE; gene: ACE) was shown to exert the most significant influence on plasma ACE levels. We therefore performed a meta-analysis to investigate association of ACE G2350A polymorphism with hypertension. Methods: Published case-control studies in English were identified. A total of four studies with 1699 cases and 1274 controls were identified. A random-effects model was performed irrespective of the between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate. Results: Compared with 2350G, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a protective effect on hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56—1.18; p = .28). Similarly, comparisons of 2350AA and 2350GA with 2350GG generated a nonsignificant reduced risk, respectively. Under the dominant model, the ACE 2350A allele conferred a reduced hypertension risk and such associations were divergent between Han Chinese and Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan. Under the recessive model, this protective effect was totally reversed (OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77—1.33; p = .94). Subgroup analyses indicated a significant protective effect of ACE 2350A compared with 2350G among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan (OR = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42—0.71; p < .00001). No publication biases were observed. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the ACE 2350A allele is associated with a significantly reduced hypertension risk among Muslims from the Arab Gulf and Pakistan, yet an elevated risk among Han Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China, , Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China, Sino-French Research Center for Life Science and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung & Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China, Sino-French Research Center for Life Science and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Karayannis G, Tsezou A, Giannatou E, Papanikolaou V, Giamouzis G, Triposkiadis F. Polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system and natriuretic peptide receptor A genes in patients of Greek origin with a history of myocardial infarction. Angiology 2010; 61:737-43. [PMID: 20529973 DOI: 10.1177/0003319710373091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the association between (CA)n repeat polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT), 250 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (I/D) of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism (TCTG)n of renin (REN), (CT)n repeat polymorphism of the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) genes, and the presence and extent of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Greek patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 158 post-MI patients referred for coronary angiography were compared with 144 controls. The SS genotype of the AGT gene was related with an increased risk for 3-vessel CAD (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-3.61; P = .041), whereas the SL genotype was related with a decreased risk (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.22-0.87; P = .019). Moreover, there was a trend for the SL genotype of the REN gene toward increased risk for CAD. There was a significant association between (CA)n polymorphism of the AGT gene and the extent of CAD in Greek patients with a history of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Karayannis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
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PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for angiotensin-converting enzyme. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2010; 20:143-6. [PMID: 19898265 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283339bf3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains one of the most common and challenging arrhythmias encountered in clinical practice. While familial forms had remained mostly unknown, in this last decade, the identification of genetic defects, which mainly affect ionic currents, has been the key in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the inherited form of the arrhythmia. Despite the limited prevalence of the familial disease, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that cause familial AF will likely facilitate understanding of the more common acquired forms of the disease. Therefore, as data keep unravelling, clinicians can expect that soon better therapeutic and preventive options for this arrhythmia will emerge from the discoveries in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, School of Medicine, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Di Pasquale P, Cannizzaro S, Scalzo S, Giubilato A, Maringhini G, Giambanco F, Sarullo F, Tarsia G, Giammanco M, Gaspare P, Paterna S. Relationship between ACE-DD polymorphism and diastolic performance in healthy subjects. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2009; 38:93-7. [PMID: 15204234 DOI: 10.1080/14017430410026746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ACE-D allele has been associated with cardiovascular disease. The study evaluates the relationship between the ACE-ID genotypes and diastolic function in healthy subjects after 6 years of follow-up. METHODS Two hundred and seventy-five healthy volunteers aged 25-55 years had normal physical examination, 12-lead ECG, acceptable echocardiographic windows and echocardiogram at entry. Venous blood was drawn for DNA analysis. RESULTS Two hundred and forty-two subjects completed 6 years of follow-up. Three genetically distinct groups were obtained: ACE-DD group (n=71, 26F/45M, mean age 48 +/- 7 years); ACE-ID (n=115, 39F/76M, mean age 40 +/- 7 years); and ACE-II (n=56, 20F/36M, mean age 47 +/- 6 years). Significant differences in E/A ratio were found between ACE-DD and ACE-ID, and ACE II (p=0.028, <0.0001, 0.0001), respectively. After 6 years, echocardiography showed a significant reduction of E/A ratio in the ACE-DD group, p=0.0001. CONCLUSION The data suggest that ACE-DD is associated with deteriorating myocardial diastolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Di Pasquale
- Division of Cardiology Paolo Borsellino, G.F. Ingrassia Hospital, Via Val Platani 3, IT-90144 Palermo, Italy.
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Medi C, Kalman JM, Haqqani H, Vohra JK, Morton JB, Sparks PB, Kistler PM. Tachycardia-Mediated Cardiomyopathy Secondary to Focal Atrial Tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:1791-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kuroki S, Ikeda U, Maeda Y, Sekiguchi H, Shimada K. Lack of association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and vasospastic angina. Clin Cardiol 2009; 20:873-6. [PMID: 9377825 PMCID: PMC6655318 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960201015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS It has been suggested that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene is an independent risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, but its relation to vasospastic angina has not been fully proven. In the present study, we investigated the possible relationship between the ACE I/D genotype and vasospastic angina. METHODS We explored the distribution of the ACE genotype in 20 patients with vasospastic angina without fixed coronary artery stenosis, 55 angina patients with fixed coronary artery stenosis, and 30 control subjects without coronary artery disease. RESULTS The frequency of the DD genotype in patients with vasospastic angina (DD: 30.0%, ID: 20.0%, II: 50.0%) did not differ from that in the control subjects (DD: 23.3%, ID: 26.7%, II: 50.0%), while the frequency in patients with coronary artery stenosis (DD: 43.7%, ID: 21.8%, II: 34.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control subjects. The frequency of the D allele also did not differ between patients with vasospastic angina (0.40) and control subjects (0.37), while the frequency was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery stenosis (0.55). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the ACE DD genotype is a potent genetic risk factor for organic coronary artery disease, while it confers no appreciable increase in risk of vasospastic angina. These results also suggest the diversity of the pathogenesis of vascular lesions in these two types of coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kuroki
- Department of Cardiology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi, Japan
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Azuma J, Nonen S. Chronic heart failure: β-blockers and pharmacogenetics. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:3-17. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-008-0566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism insertion (I) or deletion (D) has been widely studied in different populations, and linked to various functional effects and associated with common diseases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the ACE I/D frequency in different populations and geographic location; ACE I/D allele frequency in the Lebanese population and ACE II genotype contribution to the geographic trend were also identified. Five hundred and seventy healthy volunteers were recruited from the Lebanese population. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction; products were then identified by gel electrophoresis. The frequencies of the different ACE I/D genotypes were determined and tested for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). To assess the relationship between ACE I/D frequency and geographic location, and to identify how the Lebanese population contributes to the geographic trend in ACE I/D frequencies, Eurasian population samples and Asians were incorporated in the analyses from the literature. The frequency of the I allele in the Lebanese population was 27% and the corresponding II genotype was at a frequency of 7.37% (in HWE; P=0.979). The ACE I allele and genotype frequencies show an association with longitude, with frequencies increasing eastwards and westwards from the Middle East.
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Isbir SC, Tekeli A, Ergen A, Yilmaz H, Ak K, Civelek A, Zeybek U, Arsan S. Genetic polymorphisms contribute to acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting. Heart Surg Forum 2007; 10:E439-44. [PMID: 17921131 DOI: 10.1532/hsf98.20071117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury is one of the most serious complications after cardiac surgery. Genetic polymorphisms are reported to be associated with postoperative renal impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between selected gene polymorphisms and acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. METHODS Two hundred forty-eight elective coronary artery bypass grafting procedure patients were enrolled in the study. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) II, ID, and DD, apolipoprotein E (APO E), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AGTR1) A1166C genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Plasma levels of ACE were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery was graded according to the RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end-stage kidney disease) classification. RESULTS In our study, 21.8% of patients had acute renal impairment after cardiac surgery. Among the 54 patients with acute kidney injury, ACE D allele frequency was 0.620. The plasma levels of ACE were significantly higher in the D allele carriers (P = .018). Three of the 54 patients with acute kidney injury were APO E epsilon 4 allele carriers (P = .002). AGTR1 C allele carriers constituted 46% of all patients with postoperative acute kidney injury. There was no statistically significant difference between A allele homozygotes and C allele carriers with respect to postoperative renal dysfunction (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS The present findings support the hypothesis that ACE I/D and APO E gene polymorphisms may play a role in the development of acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery. However, AGTR1 does not have a unique association with postoperative renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim C Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Hsieh YY, Lee CC, Chang CC, Wang YK, Yeh LS, Lin CS. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion-related genotypes and allele are associated with higher susceptibility of endometriosis and leiomyoma. Mol Reprod Dev 2007; 74:808-14. [PMID: 17186537 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis and leiomyoma display features similar to malignancy, requiring neovascularization to proliferation and growth. Altered vascular-related genes might be related to the development of endometriosis and leiomyoma. Polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) genes have been linked with some vascular diseases. This study investigates whether ACE I/D gene polymorphisms could be used as markers of susceptibility in endometriosis and leiomyoma. Women were divided into three groups: (1) endometriosis (n = 125); (2) leiomyoma (n = 120); (3) normal controls (n = 128). Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral leukocyte. ACE I/D gene polymorphisms in intron 16 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) Genotypes and allelic frequencies in both groups were compared. We observed the genotype distribution and allele frequency of ACE I/D gene polymorphisms in both groups were significantly different. Proportions of ACE*I homozygote/heterozygote/D homozygote in both groups were: (1) 50.4/24/25.6%; (2) 25/23.33/51.67%; (3) 10.2/29.7/60.1%. Proportions of I/D alleles in each group were: (1) 62.4/37.6%; (2) 36.7/63.3%; (3) 25/75%. We concluded that ACE*I/D gene polymorphisms are associated with endometriosis and leiomyoma susceptibilities. ACE*I-related genotypes and allele are strongly related to the occurrence of endometriosis and moderately related to the occurrence of leiomyoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yuan Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mazo EB, Gamidov SI, Mamedov MN, Iremashvili VV. Association between the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene and erectile dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Int J Impot Res 2007; 20:68-72. [PMID: 17673929 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijir.3901598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) in Russian men with metabolic syndrome (MS). A total of 331 men with MS were studied. All patients underwent complex evaluation including the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. The ACE I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Overall, 182 men (55.0%) had ED according to the IIEF erectile function domain score. In the ED group, the prevalence of DD genotype was found to be significantly higher compared to the non-ED group (P<0.001). In both groups, patients with DD genotype were significantly younger than patients with other genotypes (P<0.001). In addition, in the ED group, the disease affected patients with DD genotype at a significantly younger age (P<0.001). Obtained results give evidence to support the finding that the D allele is a risk factor for the micro- and macrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Mazo
- Department of Urology, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Ertas FS, Hasan T, Ozdol C, Gulec S, Atmaca Y, Tulunay C, Karabulut H, Kocum HT, Dincer I, Kose KS, Erol C. Relationship between angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphism and severity of aortic valve calcification. Mayo Clin Proc 2007; 82:944-50. [PMID: 17673063 DOI: 10.4065/82.8.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism in patients with degenerative aortic valve calcification (AVC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Our study consisted of 305 Turkish patients of European descent (139 male, 166 female; mean plus or minus age, 68 plus or minus 9 years) referred to our echocardiography laboratory for aortic valve evaluation between June 2, 2003, and April 29, 2005. The severity of AVC was graded from 1 to 6 by echocardiography. We used polymerase chain reaction to determine ACE gene polymorphism. RESULTS The ACE insertion/deletion genotype distributions for the study population were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (chi square equals 3.5, P equals .18). The study population was divided into 3 groups based on the severity of AVC: those with grade 1 calcification were in group 1, those with grades 2 to 4 in group 2, and those with grades 5 to 6 in group 3. Group 1 patients were significantly younger, less likely to have hypertension and diabetes, and had higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The genotype frequencies were significantly different among groups, with the insertion/insertion genotype being less prevalent in group 3 patients. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of severe AVC were hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 5.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 11.0; P less than .001), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 2.7; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 4.9; P equals .001), and the deletion/deletion and insertion/deletion vs insertion/insertion genotype (OR, 3.2; 95 percent CI, 1.5 to 7.2; P equals .004). CONCLUSION These results suggest that ACE gene polymorphism may be associated with severe AVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih S Ertas
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University School of Medicine, Bilkent-3 Ufuk Sitesi D1/1, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Singer JB, Holdaas H, Jardine AG, Fellstrøm B, Os I, Bermann G, Meyer JM. Genetic analysis of fluvastatin response and dyslipidemia in renal transplant recipients. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:2072-8. [PMID: 17563401 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700076-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Assessment of Lescol in Renal Transplantation clinical trial demonstrated the efficacy of fluvastatin in reducing cardiovascular (CV) disease in renal transplant recipients. The study included a voluntary pharmacogenetic component, enrolling 1,404 patients, which allowed association testing of baseline measures and longitudinal analysis of the 707 fluvastatin-treated and 697 placebo-treated individuals. A candidate gene approach, examining 42 polymorphisms in 18 genes, was used to test for association between selected polymorphisms and major adverse cardiac events, graft failure, change in LDL and HDL cholesterol, and baseline LDL and HDL cholesterol. Reported associations between cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and baseline HDL cholesterol were replicated, with four previously implicated single nucleotide polymorphisms significantly associated in males and one in females; tests of reported associations between CETP and CV disease yielded varying results. We found no evidence for genetic factors affecting fluvastatin response. Polymorphisms in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) previously reported to affect the efficacy of pravastatin did not show a similar effect on the reduction of LDL cholesterol by fluvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Singer
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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