1
|
Alrafiah A, Alofi E, Almohaya Y, Hamami A, Qadah T, Almaghrabi S, Hakami N, Alrawaili MS, Tayeb HO. Angiogenesis Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Patients. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4893-4900. [PMID: 34588795 PMCID: PMC8473716 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s331868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stroke is a global health issue, and ischemic stroke is among the most common strokes affecting many people worldwide. Throughout ischemic stroke, various immune cells counter its effect by releasing cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic molecules. These molecules can work as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis and monitoring of the progress of ischemic stroke. The current study investigated the use of angiogenic molecules as biomarkers in ischemic stroke patients. Methods The samples were obtained from twenty healthy subjects and nineteen patients with ischemic stroke. Multiplex assay was used to measure the serum levels of angiogenic biomarkers, including endoglin, VEGF-A, endothelin-1, G-CSF, and angiopoietin-2. All data were analyzed using an unpaired Student’s t-test. Correlations between measured parameters were made using Pearson correlations. Results Angiopoietin-2, VEGF-A, endothelin-1, and endoglin levels in stroke patients were significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Nevertheless, G-CSF level showed a non-significant increase in patients compared to controls. The correlation coefficient of measured angiogenic biomarkers among patients showed significant correlations between endoglin, angiopoietin, VEGF-A, and endothelin-1. Discussion The angiogenic factors were significantly increased in patients with ischemic stroke, which may help in the early detection of ischemic stroke and consequently prompt treatment and better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziza Alrafiah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtisam Alofi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Almohaya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Hamami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Qadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safa Almaghrabi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moafaq S Alrawaili
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haythum O Tayeb
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ke X, Liu C, Wang Y, Ma J, Mao X, Li Q. Netrin-1 promotes mesenchymal stem cell revascularization of limb ischaemia. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2016; 13:145-56. [PMID: 26818229 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115611594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the effect and mechanism of action of Netrin-1 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in angiogenesis. Tube formation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed in cell culture. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells or Netrin-1-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were injected into the ischaemic area of the rat hind limb on the first day after surgery. Laser Doppler perfusion imaging was performed to analyse the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in plasma and muscles, and immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to analyse angiogenesis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in medium containing Netrin-1 markedly increased the number of tubes formed and the migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with the untreated control group. The function of Netrin-1 in tube formation and migration is similar to vascular endothelial growth factor, and combined with vascular endothelial growth factor, Netrin-1 has more enhanced effect than in the other three groups. The Netrin-1-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell group had better augmented blood-perfusion scores and vessel densities, as well as improved function of the ischaemic limb than that of the group injected with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells individually) or the control group (treated with medium). These results suggest that Netrin-1 has the ability to augment the angiogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and improve the function of the ischaemic hind limb by increasing the level of vascular endothelial growth factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjin Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoming Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Talwar T, Srivastava MVP. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and other growth factors in post-stroke recovery. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014; 17:1-6. [PMID: 24753650 PMCID: PMC3992742 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.128519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major health problem world-wide and its burden has been rising in last few decades. Until now tissue plasminogen activator is only approved treatment for stroke. Angiogenesis plays a vital role for striatal neurogenesis after stroke. Administration of various growth factors in an early post ischemic phase, stimulate both angiogenesis and neurogenesis and lead to improved functional recovery after stroke. However vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic factor for neurovascularization and neurogenesis in ischemic injury can be modulated in different ways and thus can be used as therapy in stroke. In response to the ischemic injury VEGF is released by endothelial cells through natural mechanism and leads to angiogenesis and vascularization. This release can also be up regulated by exogenous administration of Mesenchymal stem cells, by various physical therapy regimes and electroacupuncture, which further potentiate the efficacy of VEGF as therapy in post stroke recovery. Recent published literature was searched using PubMed and Google for the article reporting on methods of up regulation of VEGF and therapeutic potential of growth factors in stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Talwar
- Department of Neurology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- W Cwikiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Hospital, Ann Arbor 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fantidis P, Fernández-Ortiz A, Aragoncillo P, Pérez De Prada T, Sanmartín M, López J, Sabaté M, Escaned J, Alfonso F, Hernández R, Bañuelos C, Macay C. [Effect of cAMP on the function of endothelial cells and fibromuscular proliferation after the injury of the carotid and coronary arteries in a porcine model]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2001; 54:981-9. [PMID: 11481113 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-8932(01)76434-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Reendothelization of damaged blood vessels protects against the vascular injury response. We evaluated in vivo whether a systemic increase in cAMP accelerates reendothelization and attenuates intimal hyperplasia in injured swine carotid and coronary arteries. METHODS Both carotid arteries of 10 swines were subjected to balloon injury. Five animals had been treated with 2 ml (10 mg) of Forskolin, an activator of the adenylate cyclase, and another 5 with 2 ml of saline solution. These animals were sacrificed at day 8, and carotid artery reendothelization was evaluated. The descendent coronary (DC) artery of another 19 pigs was injured by atherotome. Nine animals had been treated with 2 ml of Forskolin, and another 10 with 2 ml of saline solution. These animals were sacrificed at day 28, with myointimal proliferation and arterial geometric remodelation being evaluated. Likewise, in these animals intracellular cAMP levels were measured at baseline and 28 and 60 minutes after saline solution or Forskolin administration and 90 min after arterial injury. RESULTS Eight days after balloon injury, carotid artery reendothelization was greater in the Forskolin-treated group compared with the control group (p = 0.02), and the number of CD31 positive cells was statistically increased in the treated group (38 +/- 11 cells) versus controls (11 +/- 9 cells). Although the degree of vascular injury caused by atherotome was similar in all of the arteries in the control group, restenosis was only observed in 40% of these animals. Correlation analysis demonstrated that intracellular cAMP may condition arterial geometric remodeling and the diameter of the lumen after vascular injury. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cAMP may promote reendothelization and attenuate fibromuscular proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Fantidis
- Servicios de Cardiología Intervencionista, Hospital Clinico San Corlos, Madrid.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Poliakova L, Kovesdi I, Wang X, Capogrossi MC, Talan M. Vascular permeability effect of adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer to the rabbit and rat skeletal muscle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 118:339-47. [PMID: 10425008 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(99)70225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular endothelial growth factor has been used in preclinical studies and phase 1 and 2 clinical trials as a potent mediator of therapeutic angiogenesis; however, its ability to enhance the vascular permeability may be a source of potential complications. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the intramuscular injection of an adenovirus vector coding for the 121-amino acid form of vascular endothelial growth factor (Ad.VEGF(121 )) on vascular permeability and edema development in rabbits and rats. METHODS Different concentrations of Ad.VEGF(121 ) ranging from 10(5) to 10(10) plaque-forming units/mL (3 x 10(6)-3 x 10(11) particles/mL) were injected into hind limb or forelimb muscles of Wistar rats or rabbits. The size of the scrotum, the circumferences of limbs, and the concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor in the serum were measured daily after injection. RESULTS The injection of different concentrations of Ad.VEGF(121 ) into the hind limb muscles of rabbits led to a dose-dependent scrotal edema in rabbits at concentrations higher than 10(7) plaque-forming units/mL (P =.002). The edema developed slowly, reached its maximum level 6 days after the injection, and spontaneously resolved thereafter. At concentrations higher than 10(9) plaque-forming units/mL the scrotal edema was accompanied by skin necrosis (P =.0001). No scrotal edema was observed in rats. CONCLUSIONS The massive species-specific scrotal edema accompanied by skin ulceration and necrosis was observed only in rabbits treated with Ad.VEGF(121 ) in concentrations exceeding therapeutic doses. The therapeutic doses of Ad.VEGF(121 ) resulted in only moderate transient scrotal edema in rabbits, suggesting that the potential for side effects of vascular endothelial growth factor therapy as a result of increased vascular permeability should not be very alarming for generally healthy patients and may not cause a significant clinical problem in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Poliakova
- Gene Therapy Unit, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanaka H, Sunamori M, Suzuki A, Sukhova GK, Libby P. Endothelial activation potentiates neointimal lesion formation in the rabbit aorta after balloon injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 811:448-58. [PMID: 9186622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mak KH, Topol EJ. Clinical trials to prevent restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 811:255-84; discussion 284-8. [PMID: 9186603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K H Mak
- Department of Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hedin U, Wahlberg E. Gene therapy and vascular disease: potential applications in vascular surgery. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1997; 13:101-11. [PMID: 9091140 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-5884(97)80004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology have generated methods that are used to enhance diagnosis and treatment of a variety of human diseases. More recently modification of gene expression in cells by gene transfer has been introduced as a new therapeutic modality. The targeting of vascular cells with this method is appealing not only for anatomical reasons, but also because endovascular techniques provide access to the vasculature and makes site-specific delivery possible. Over the past few years, gene transfer has been widely used to explore the pathophysiology of vascular diseases in experimental models and available data suggests that this method may eventually become a therapeutic alternative for vascular disorders such as restenosis, graft failure, and critical ischaemia. In the following we discuss the methodology of gene transfer, its tentative use in vascular diseases related to vascular surgery, and the problems associated with this new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Hedin
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Powell RJ, Carruth JA, Basson MD, Bloodgood R, Sumpio BE. Matrix-specific effect of endothelial control of smooth muscle cell migration. J Vasc Surg 1996; 24:51-7. [PMID: 8691527 DOI: 10.1016/s0741-5214(96)70144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration is a critical element in the development of intimal hyperplasia. The effect of endothelial cells (ECs) on SMC migration and the modulation of this cell-to-cell interaction by extracellular matrix is not well understood. METHODS To examine this relationship SMCs and ECs were cocultured on opposite sides of a semipermeable membrane and were compared with SMCs cultured alone. To assess migration SMCs were plated at confluent density into the center of the membrane with a steel fence. After the fence was removed, SMCs were treated for 2 hours with mitomycin C (20 micrograms/ml) to assess migration independent of proliferation. Cell migration was measured with morphometry. Experiments were performed on plastic and membranes coated with fibronectin or type I collagen (n > or = 8/group). Cell adhesiveness was quantitated by cell attachment and spreading assays. RESULTS ECs stimulated SMC migration by 187% when compared with SMCs cultured alone on plastic and by 160% when cultured on fibronectin (p < 0.01). Type I collagen stimulated migration of SMCs cultured alone and prevented EC stimulated migration in cocultured SMCs (p < 0.01). Cell adhesiveness was significantly increased in cocultured SMCs compared with SMCs cultured alone regardless of whether cells were cultured on plastic (EC/SMC, 13.5 +/- 0.6 SMCs/high power field vs SMC, 8.9 +/- 0.5, p < 0.01), fibronectin (16.3 +/- 0.8 vs 12.3 +/- 0.7, p < 0.01) or type I collagen (15.5 +/- 1.0 vs 12.4 +/- 0.6, p < 0.01). ECs increased SMC cell spreading on plastic and fibronectin when compared with SMCs cultured alone. No difference in SMC cell spreading was seen in the presence or absence of ECs when cells were cultured on type I collagen. EC-SMC contact was not required; EC-conditioned media alone increased SMC migration by 75% when compared with SMCs cultured alone. Our data suggest that ECs increase SMC migration by a diffusable molecule that may also alter SMC adhesion molecule expression. Extracellular matrix composition can attenuate these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R J Powell
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Keiser JA, Ryan MJ. Hemodynamic effects of epidermal growth factor in conscious rats and monkeys. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:4957-61. [PMID: 8643511 PMCID: PMC39387 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.10.4957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic application of growth factors to human disease has become closer to reality with the advent of faster means of synthesizing these molecules and novel drug delivery strategies. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) belongs to a large family of molecules with the ability to modulate growth. Purified extracts of EGF have been used clinically to modulate gastrointestinal secretion of hormones and accelerate healing. EGF is also reported to have both vascular smooth muscle contractile and relaxing activity Cardiovascular studies were performed with the bioactive 48-amino acid fragment of human EGF in rodents and primates to determine the effects of EGF on blood pressure and heart rate in conscious animals. Intravenous infusion of EGF induced an initial pressor response in rats followed by a prolonged decrease in blood pressure. In contrast, in monkeys, EGF had dose-related blood pressure-lowering effects only; significant hypotension was observed at doses ranging from 3 to 300 microg/kg i.v. Hypotension was associated with modest tachycardia in both species. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hemodynamic effects of EGF in primates, and it clearly documents that the mitogenic role of growth factors such as EGF is but one aspect of their physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Keiser
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research, Warner-Lambert Company, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|