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Corvino AR, Russo V, Monaco MGL, Garzillo EM, Guida D, Comune A, Parente E, Lamberti M, Miraglia N. Vasovagal Syncope at Work: A Narrative Review for an Occupational Management Proposal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5460. [PMID: 37107742 PMCID: PMC10138125 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Syncope is a complex clinical manifestation that presents considerable diagnostic difficulties and, consequently, numerous critical issues regarding fitness for work, especially for high-risk tasks. To date, it is impossible to quantify the exact impact of syncope on work and public safety since it is highly improbable to identify loss of consciousness as the fundamental cause of work or driving-related accidents, especially fatal injuries. Working at high-risk jobs such as public transport operators, in high elevations, or with exposure to moving parts, construction equipment, fireworks, or explosives demand attention and total awareness. Currently, no validated criteria or indicators are available for occupational risk stratification of a patient with reflex syncope to return to work. By drawing inspiration from the updated literature, this narrative review intends to summarise the leading knowledge required regarding the return to work for subjects affected by syncope. According to the available data, the authors highlighted some key findings, summarised in macro-items, such as defined risk stratification for vasovagal accidents, return to work after a critical event, and a focus on pacemaker (PM) implementation. Lastly, the authors proposed a flowchart for occupational physicians to help them manage the cases of workers affected by syncope and exposed to levels of risk that could represent a danger to the workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Corvino
- Experimental Medicine Department-Hygiene, Occupational, and Forensic Medicine Division-Occupational Forensic Area, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.C.); (D.G.); (M.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”—Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (A.C.); (E.P.)
| | | | | | - Daniele Guida
- Experimental Medicine Department-Hygiene, Occupational, and Forensic Medicine Division-Occupational Forensic Area, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.C.); (D.G.); (M.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Angelo Comune
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”—Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (A.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Erika Parente
- Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”—Monaldi Hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.R.); (A.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Monica Lamberti
- Experimental Medicine Department-Hygiene, Occupational, and Forensic Medicine Division-Occupational Forensic Area, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.C.); (D.G.); (M.L.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Miraglia
- Experimental Medicine Department-Hygiene, Occupational, and Forensic Medicine Division-Occupational Forensic Area, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.R.C.); (D.G.); (M.L.); (N.M.)
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Franciosi S, Abrams DJ, Ingles J, Sanatani S. Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Paediatric Population. CJC PEDIATRIC AND CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 2022; 1:45-59. [PMID: 37969243 PMCID: PMC10642157 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjcpc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Sudden cardiac arrest in the young is a rare event with a range of potential causes including cardiomyopathies, ion channelopathies, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Investigations into the cause involve a multidisciplinary team, including cardiologists, geneticists, and psychologists. In addition to a detailed medical history, family history and circumstances surrounding the event are important in determining the cause. Clinical investigations including an electrocardiogram are fundamental in diagnosis and should be interpreted cautiously because some children may have atypical presentations and an evolving phenotype. The potential for misdiagnosis exists that could lead to incorrect long-term management strategies. If an inherited condition is suspected, genetic testing of the patient and cascade screening of family members is recommended with genetic counselling and psychological support. Medical management is left to the treating physician acknowledging that a clear diagnosis cannot be made in approximately half of cases. Secondary prevention implantable defibrillators are widely deployed but can be associated with complications in young patients. A plan for safe return to activity is recommended along with a proper transition of care into adulthood. Broad screening of the general population for arrhythmia syndromes is not recommended; preventative measures include screening paediatric patients for risk factors by their primary care physician. Several milestone events or activities that take place in youth could be used as opportunities to promote safety. Further work into risk stratification of this paediatric population through patient registries and greater awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator use in saving lives is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Franciosi
- BC Children’s Hospital Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dominic J. Abrams
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jodie Ingles
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shubhayan Sanatani
- BC Children’s Hospital Heart Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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The impact of age, type 2 diabetes and hypertension on heart rate variability during rest and exercise at increasing levels of heat stress. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1249-1259. [PMID: 35239038 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04916-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN), cardiac autonomic modulation is markedly attenuated during exercise-heat stress. However, the extent to which this impairment is evident under increasing levels of heat stress remains unknown. METHODS We examined heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate of cardiac autonomic modulation, during incremental exercise-heat stress exposures in young (20-30 years) and middle-aged-to-older individuals (50-70 years) without and with T2D and HTN. Thirteen young and healthy (Young, n = 13) and 37 older men without (Older, n = 14) and with HTN (n = 13) or T2D (n = 10) performed 180-min treadmill walking at a fixed metabolic rate (~ 200 W/m2; ~ 3.5 METs) in a differing wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT; 16 °C, 24 °C, 28 °C, and 32 °C). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and core temperature measurements were recorded throughout. Data were analysed using 5-min averaged epochs following 60-min exercise, which represented the last common timepoint across groups and conditions. RESULTS Ageing did not significantly reduce HRV during increasing exercise-heat stress (all p > 0.050). However, T2D and HTN modified HRV during exercise-heat stress such that Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) α1 (p = 0.012) and the cardiac sympathetic index (p = 0.037) were decreased compared to Older in all except the warmest WBGT condition (32 °C). CONCLUSION Our unique observations indicate that, relative to their younger counterparts, HRV in healthy older individuals is not perturbed during exercise heat-stress. However, relative to their age-matched healthy counterparts, HRV is reduced during exercise-heat stress in individuals with age-associated chronic conditions, indicative of cardiac autonomic dysfunction.
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Abstract
This article deals with the treatment and application of cardiac biosignals, an excited accelerometer, and a gyroscope in the prevention of accidents on the road. Previously conducted studies say that the seismocardiogram is a measure of cardiac microvibration signals that allows for detecting rhythms, heart valve opening and closing disorders, and monitoring of patients' breathing. This article refers to the seismocardiogram hypothesis that the measurements of a seismocardiogram could be used to identify drivers' heart problems before they reach a critical condition and safely stop the vehicle by informing the relevant departments in a nonclinical manner. The proposed system works without an electrocardiogram, which helps to detect heart rhythms more easily. The estimation of the heart rate (HR) is calculated through automatically detected aortic valve opening (AO) peaks. The system is composed of two micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs) to evaluate physiological parameters and eliminate the effects of external interference on the entire system. The few digital filtering methods are discussed and benchmarked to increase seismocardiogram efficiency. As a result, the fourth adaptive filter obtains the estimated HR = 65 beats per min (bmp) in a still noisy signal (SNR = −11.32 dB). In contrast with the low processing benefit (3.39 dB), 27 AO peaks were detected with a 917.56-ms peak interval mean over 1.11 s, and the calculated root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.1942 m/s2 when the adaptive filter order is 50 and the adaptation step is equal to 0.933.
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Cooper M, Berent T, Auer J, Berent R. Recommendations for driving after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and the use of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 132:770-781. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Guettler N, Bron D, Manen O, Gray G, Syburra T, Rienks R, d'Arcy J, Davenport ED, Nicol ED. Management of cardiac conduction abnormalities and arrhythmia in aircrew. Heart 2020; 105:s38-s49. [PMID: 30425085 PMCID: PMC6256301 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseasesi are the most common cause of loss of flying licence globally, and cardiac arrhythmia is the main disqualifier in a substantial proportion of aircrew. Aircrewii often operate within a demanding physiological environment, that potentially includes exposure to sustained acceleration (usually resulting in a positive gravitational force, from head to feet (+Gz)) in high performance aircraft. Aeromedical assessment is complicated further when trying to discriminate between benign and potentially significant rhythm abnormalities in aircrew, many of whom are young and fit, have a resultant high vagal tone, and among whom underlying cardiac disease has a low prevalence. In cases where a significant underlying aetiology is plausible, extensive investigation is often required and where appropriate should include review by an electrophysiologist. The decision regarding restriction of flying activity will be dependent on several factors including the underlying arrhythmia, associated pathology, risk of incapacitation and/or distraction, the type of aircraft operated, and the specific flight or mission criticality of the role performed by the individual aircrew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Guettler
- German Air Force Center for Aerospace Medicine, Fuerstenfeldbruck, Germany
| | - Dennis Bron
- Aeromedical Centre, Swiss Air Force, Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Manen
- Aviation Medicine Department, AeMC, Percy Military Hospital, Clamart, France
| | - Gary Gray
- Canadian Forces Environmental Medical Establishment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Syburra
- Cardiac Surgery Department, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Rienk Rienks
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht and Central Military Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna d'Arcy
- Royal Air Force Aviation Clinical Medicine Service, RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, RAF Henlow, Bedfordshire, UK
| | - Eddie D Davenport
- Aeromedical Consult Service, USAF School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward D Nicol
- Royal Air Force Aviation Clinical Medicine Service, RAF Centre of Aviation Medicine, RAF Henlow, Bedfordshire, UK
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Imberti JF, Vitolo M, Proietti M, Diemberger I, Ziacchi M, Biffi M, Boriani G. Driving restriction in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: an overview of worldwide regulations. Expert Rev Med Devices 2020; 17:297-308. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2020.1742108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo F. Imberti
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Natural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Vitolo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Natural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Proietti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan and Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Sant’Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Sant’Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Speciality Medicine, Sant’Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Natural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico Di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Brignole M, Moya A, de Lange FJ, Deharo JC, Elliott PM, Fanciulli A, Fedorowski A, Furlan R, Kenny RA, Martín A, Probst V, Reed MJ, Rice CP, Sutton R, Ungar A, van Dijk JG. Practical Instructions for the 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:e43-e80. [PMID: 29562291 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Margulescu AD, Anderson MH. A Review of Driving Restrictions in Patients at Risk of Syncope and Cardiac Arrhythmias Associated with Sudden Incapacity: Differing Global Approaches to Regulation and Risk. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2019; 8:90-98. [PMID: 31114682 PMCID: PMC6528027 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2019.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to drive is a highly valued freedom in the developed world. Sudden incapacitation while driving can result in injury or death for the driver and passengers or bystanders. Cardiovascular conditions are a primary cause for sudden incapacitation and regulations have long existed to restrict driving for patients with cardiac conditions at high risk of sudden incapacitation. Significant variation occurs between these rules in different countries and legislatures. Quantification of the potential risk of harm associated with various categories of drivers has attempted to make these regulations more objective. The assumptions on which these calculations are based are now old and less likely to reflect the reality of modern driving. Ultimately, a more individual assessment of risk with a combined assessment of the medical condition and the patient's driving behaviour may be appropriate. The development of driverless technologies may also have an impact on decision making in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei D Margulescu
- Morriston Cardiac Centre, Department of Cardiology, Morriston Hospital NHS Trust Swansea, UK
| | - Mark H Anderson
- Morriston Cardiac Centre, Department of Cardiology, Morriston Hospital NHS Trust Swansea, UK
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Reibis R, Salzwedel A, Abreu A, Corra U, Davos C, Doehner W, Doherty P, Frederix I, Hansen D, Christine Iliou M, Vigorito C, Völler H. The importance of return to work: How to achieve optimal reintegration in ACS patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1358-1369. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319839263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The vocational reintegration of patients after an acute coronary syndrome is a crucial step towards complete convalescence from the social as well as the individual point of view. Return to work rates are determined by medical parameters such as left ventricular function, residual ischaemia and heart rhythm stability, as well as by occupational requirement profile such as blue or white collar work, night shifts and the ability to commute (which is, in part, determined by physical fitness). Psychosocial factors including depression, self-perceived health situation and pre-existing cognitive impairment determine the reintegration rate to a significant extent. Patients at risk of poor vocational outcomes should be identified in the early period of rehabilitation to avoid a reintegration failure and to prevent socio-professional exclusion with adverse psychological and financial consequences. A comprehensive healthcare pathway of acute coronary syndrome patients is initiated by cardiac rehabilitation, which includes specific algorithms and assessment tools for risk stratification and occupational restitution. As the first in its kind, this review addresses determinants and legal aspects of reintegration of patients experiencing an acute coronary syndrome, and offers practical advice on reintegration strategies particularly for vulnerable patients. It presents different approaches and scientific findings in the European countries and serves as a recommendation for action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Reibis
- Center of Rehabilitation Research, University of Potsdam, Germany
- Cardiac Outpatient Clinic Park Sanssouci, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annett Salzwedel
- Center of Rehabilitation Research, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ana Abreu
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital de Santa Marta, Portugal
| | - Ugo Corra
- Cardiologic Rehabilitation Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Salvatore Maugeri, Italy
| | | | - Wolfram Doehner
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology (Virchow Klinikum), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ines Frederix
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | | | | | - Carlo Vigorito
- Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Heinz Völler
- Center of Rehabilitation Research, University of Potsdam, Germany
- Klinik am See, Rehabilitation Center for Internal Medicine, Germany
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Cardiopatía y conducción de vehículos: novedades en las legislaciones europea y española. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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García Lledó A, Valdés Rodríguez E, Ozcoidi Val M. Heart Disease and Vehicle Driving: Novelties in European and Spanish Law. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 71:892-894. [PMID: 30029976 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García Lledó
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Valdés Rodríguez
- Unidad de Programas de Aptitud Psicofísica, Subdirección General de Formación y Educación Vial, Dirección General de Tráfico, Ministerio del Interior, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ozcoidi Val
- Gabinete Psicotécnico HU-0001, Centro de Reconocimiento de Conductores, Huesca, Spain
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2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: Executive summary. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e218-e254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks-incidence, effect, and implications for driver licensing. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2017; 49:271-280. [PMID: 28730420 PMCID: PMC5543197 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-017-0272-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have an ongoing risk of sudden incapacitation that may cause traffic accidents. However, there are limited data on the magnitude of this risk after inappropriate ICD therapies. We studied the rate of syncope associated with inappropriate ICD therapies to provide a scientific basis for formulating driving restrictions. Methods Inappropriate ICD therapy event data between 1997 and 2014 from 50 Japanese institutions were analyzed retrospectively. The annual risk of harm (RH) to others posed by a driver with an ICD was calculated for private driving habits. We used a commonly employed annual RH to others of 5 in 100,000 (0.005%) as an acceptable risk threshold. Results Of the 4089 patients, 772 inappropriate ICD therapies occurred in 417 patients (age 61 ± 15 years, 74% male, and 65% secondary prevention). Patients experiencing inappropriate therapies had a mean number of 1.8 ± 1.5 therapy episodes during a median follow-up period of 3.9 years. No significant differences were found in the age, sex, or number of inappropriate therapies between patients receiving ICDs for primary or secondary prevention. Only three patients (0.7%) experienced syncope associated with inappropriate therapies. The maximum annual RH to others after the first therapy in primary and secondary prevention patients was calculated to be 0.11 in 100,000 and 0.12 in 100,000, respectively. Conclusions We found that the annual RH from driving was far below the commonly cited acceptable risk threshold. Our data provide useful information to supplement current recommendations on driving restrictions in ICD patients with private driving habits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10840-017-0272-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Watanabe E, Abe H, Watanabe S. Driving restrictions in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators and pacemakers. J Arrhythm 2017; 33:594-601. [PMID: 29255507 PMCID: PMC5728711 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) improve the survival in patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. However, these patients have an ongoing risk of sudden incapacitation that may cause harm to individuals and others when driving. Considerable disagreement exists about whether and when these patients should be allowed to resume driving after ICD therapies. This information is critical for the management decisions to avoid future potentially lethal incidents and unnecessary restrictions for ICD patients. The cardiac implantable device committee of the Japanese Heart Rhythm Society reassessed the risk of driving for ICD patients based on the literature and domestic data. We reviewed the driving restrictions of ICD patients in various regions and here present updated Japanese driving restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Abe
- Department of Heart Rhythm Management, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Medical Center, Mito, Japan
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Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, Cohen MI, Forman DE, Goldberger ZD, Grubb BP, Hamdan MH, Krahn AD, Link MS, Olshansky B, Raj SR, Sandhu RK, Sorajja D, Sun BC, Yancy CW. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e155-e217. [PMID: 28286247 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shen WK, Sheldon RS, Benditt DG, Cohen MI, Forman DE, Goldberger ZD, Grubb BP, Hamdan MH, Krahn AD, Link MS, Olshansky B, Raj SR, Sandhu RK, Sorajja D, Sun BC, Yancy CW. 2017 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Patients With Syncope: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 70:620-663. [PMID: 28286222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Many patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) want to participate in sports and many need or wish to operate a personal motor vehicle. Healthcare providers need to advise patients regarding restrictions related to these activities in the context of the clinical indication for the ICD. Ethical considerations need to be considered when advising ICD patients of restrictions to reduce risk of injury to themselves and to others when participating in either sports or driving. Shared decision-making is necessary to have ICD patients understand and comply with recommended restrictions. Guidelines have been developed based on available studies; however, studies assessing the need for ICD patients to restrict these activities are observational and often out of date. More recent studies challenge driving and sports restrictions that are recommended by the guidelines. Recommendations to ICD patients must be individualized yet be compliant with the guidelines, and need to adapt to changes in a patients' condition.
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Implantable cardioverter defibrillators and permanent pacemakers: prevalence and patient outcomes after trauma. Am J Surg 2016; 212:953-960. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Goyal P, Maurer MS. Syncope in older adults. J Geriatr Cardiol 2016; 13:380-6. [PMID: 27594863 PMCID: PMC4984568 DOI: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Parag Goyal
- Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathew S Maurer
- Clinical Cardiovascular Research Lab for the Elderly, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Meuser TM, Berg-Weger M, Carr DB, Shi S, Stewart D. Clinician Effectiveness in Assessing Fitness to Drive of Medically At-Risk Older Adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64:849-54. [PMID: 27100580 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To model the relative contributions of driver data and clinical judgments to clinical ratings of driver capability for a state licensing authority and to compare ratings with on-road test results. DESIGN Retrospective, logistic regression. SETTING Missouri Driver License Bureau. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 60 and older (N = 652; 52% male) evaluated by a physician of their choosing and a portion subsequently road tested (n = 286). MEASUREMENTS Clinical data from an evidence-based physician statement (Form 1528). A three-level rating (likely capable, unclear, not capable) was collapsed into two outcomes (0 likely capable; 1 unclear, not capable) as the dependent variable. Independent variables (predictors) were age, sex, driving exposure, recent crash or police action, number of medical conditions, medication side effects, driver insight, and disease functional severity rating for driving. RESULTS Three variables in the model (Nagelkerke coefficient of determination = 0.64; P < .001) were significant in the expected direction: disease functional severity for driving (odds ratio (OR = 6.65), insight (OR = 2.35), and age (OR = 1.06). Proportionately more drivers rated likely capable (73%) passed the road test than those rated unclear or not capable (62%). CONCLUSION Judgments of disease severity, decrements in driver insight, and older age influenced clinician ratings of driving capability. Correspondence of physician ratings to on-road test outcomes was imperfect, highlighting the complexities in translation of clinical judgments to on-road performance. Both means of assessment have important and additive roles in driver licensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Meuser
- Department of Sociology, Gerontology and Gender, University of Missouri at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marla Berg-Weger
- College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David B Carr
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Science, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.,Division of Neurorehabilitation, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Shaoxuan Shi
- School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Stewart
- School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri
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2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: Executive Summary. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016; 67:1575-1623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Olshansky B. On the Road Again After Vasovagal Syncope? JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2016; 2:209-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, Calkins H, Conti JB, Deal BJ, Estes III NM, Field ME, Goldberger ZD, Hammill SC, Indik JH, Lindsay BD, Olshansky B, Russo AM, Shen WK, Tracy CM, Al-Khatib SM. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:e136-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abstract
The occurrence of syncope while driving has obvious implications for personal and public safety. Neurally mediated syncope is the most common type of syncope in general and, thereby, also while driving. The presence of structural heart disease (reduced ejection fraction, previous myocardial infarction, significant congenital heart disease) potentially leads to high risk and should determine driving restrictions pending clarification of underlying heart disease and etiology of syncope. The clinical approach to syncope evaluation and recommendations for driving should not differ, whether or not the syncopal spell occurred while driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Guzman
- Syncope & Autonomic Disorders Unit, Department of Medicine, Hamilton General Hospital, McMaster University, McMaster Wing Room 601, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Carlos A Morillo
- Syncope & Autonomic Disorder Unit, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, David Braley CVSRI, Room C-3-120, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada.
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ED evaluation and management of implantable cardiac defibrillator electrical shocks. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1140-7. [PMID: 26993075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with implantable cardiac defibrillators not infrequently present to the emergency department after experiencing an implantable cardiac defibrillator shock. This review considers the management of such patients in the emergency department, including appropriate, inappropriate, and phantom shocks as well as electrical storm.
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Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, Calkins H, Conti JB, Deal BJ, Estes NAM, Field ME, Goldberger ZD, Hammill SC, Indik JH, Lindsay BD, Olshansky B, Russo AM, Shen WK, Tracy CM, Al-Khatib SM. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: Executive summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Heart Rhythm 2015; 13:e92-135. [PMID: 26409097 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, Calkins H, Conti JB, Deal BJ, Estes NAM, Field ME, Goldberger ZD, Hammill SC, Indik JH, Lindsay BD, Olshansky B, Russo AM, Shen WK, Tracy CM, Al-Khatib SM. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline for the Management of Adult Patients With Supraventricular Tachycardia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 67:e27-e115. [PMID: 26409259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim MH, Zhang Y, Sakaguchi S, Goldberger JJ. Time course of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy and implications for guideline-based driving restrictions. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:1728-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jirsch J, Siddiqi M, Smyth P, Maximova K. Bias in counseling of seizure patients following a transient impairment of consciousness: differential adherence to driver fitness guidelines. Seizure 2015. [PMID: 26216680 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine primary care physicians' counseling as well as patients' driving behaviors following seizure and non-seizure events impairing consciousness in the community. METHODS Patients attending a rapid-referral first seizure clinic were entered into the study if they were deemed medically-unfit to drive according to national guidelines for driving licensure: had experienced a seizure or an unexplained episode of lost consciousness, and had a valid driver's license at the time of their index event. Risk of physician counseling in the community regarding driving cessation in the interval between initial primary care assessment and neurological consultation was examined as a primary outcome, and patient driving cessation was examined as a secondary outcome. RESULTS 106 of 192 (55%) patients attending clinic met guideline criteria requiring driver fitness counseling in the primary care community, and 89 patients (46%) were deemed medically-unfit to drive following the initial specialist consultation appointment. Among medically unfit driver cases, 73% were ultimately deemed to have experienced a seizure and 27% had experienced a non-seizure event (e.g. syncope, PNES). Driver fitness counseling was more likely for seizure than non-seizure cases (unadjusted odds ratio: 4.14, p<0.05), as was patient driving cessation (5.10, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Physician compliance with clinical practice guidelines appears strongly biased when counseling about driving following an episode of transient impairment in consciousness. The failure of the primary care medical community to apply driver fitness counseling equitably to both seizure and non-seizure drivers may have ramifications upon public safety or conversely disease-related quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Jirsch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 2E3-31 WMC, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2B7.
| | - Maria Siddiqi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 2E3-31 WMC, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2B7.
| | - Penelope Smyth
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, 2E3-31 WMC, 8440-112 St, Edmonton, Canada T6G 2B7.
| | - Katerina Maximova
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405-87 Ave, Edmonton, Canada T6G 1C9.
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Barbic F, Casazza G, Zamunér AR, Costantino G, Orlandi M, Dipaola F, Capitanio C, Achenza S, Sheldon R, Furlan R. Driving and Working with Syncope. Auton Neurosci 2014; 184:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Key issues of daily life in adults with congenital heart disease. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 106:404-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Hradec J, Táborský M, Toušek F, Skalická H. Assessing cardiac patients for fitness to drive motor vehicles. Expert consensus statement of the Czech Society of Cardiology-2012 update. COR ET VASA 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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SHAH HEMAL, MEZU URE, PATEL DIVYANG, FLANIGAN SUSAN, HREYBE HAITHAM, ADELSTEIN EVAN, JAIN SANDEEP, LANG VOLKER, SABA SAMIR. Mechanisms of Inappropriate Defibrillator Therapy in a Modern Cohort of Remotely Monitored Patients. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2013; 36:547-52. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 11/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HEMAL SHAH
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - URE MEZU
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - DIVYANG PATEL
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - SUSAN FLANIGAN
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - HAITHAM HREYBE
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - EVAN ADELSTEIN
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | - SANDEEP JAIN
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
| | | | - SAMIR SABA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
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Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NAM, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hammill SC, Hayes DL, Hlatky MA, Newby LK, Page RL, Schoenfeld MH, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO, Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, DiMarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NAM, Ferguson TB, Hammill SC, Karasik PE, Link MS, Marine JE, Schoenfeld MH, Shanker AJ, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Stevenson WG, Varosy PD. 2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update incorporated into the ACCF/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 61:e6-75. [PMID: 23265327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Velázquez-Rodríguez E, Pacheco-Bouthillier A, Rodríguez-Piña H, Deras-Mejía LM. [The electrophysiology of Wolff-Parkinson-White in the asymptomatic patient with activity or with high professional risk]. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2012; 82:282-9. [PMID: 23164744 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the electrophysiological characteristics in subjects with asymptomatic Wolff-Parkinson-White with sports activities or high professional responsibility. METHODS Nineteen subjects, mean age 33 ± 13 years (group A). The electrophysiological characteristics were compared with a matched group with symptomatic WPW (group B). RESULTS At baseline the anterograde refractory period and the anterograde conduction 1:1 over the accessory pathway were longer in group A (300 ± 48 ms vs 262 ± 32 ms, p < 0.05 and 355 ± 108 ms vs 307 ± 86 ms, p < 0.05), respectively. None of group A had a anterograde refractory period< 250 ms and 58% showed absence of retrograde conduction over the accessory pathway vs 4% of group B (p < 0.001). Induction of tachycardia was significantly less in group A (5%) than in group B (92%) (p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation was induced in only one of group A vs 32% of group B (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION We confirm the benign electrophysiological characteristics in asymptomatic compared to symptomatic subjects. Poor anterograde conduction along with absence of retrograde conduction explains the low frequency of tachyarrhythmias and would not support the routine investigation of all asymptomatic subjects. But, due to possible consequences, remains the systematic indication for preventive ablation in the subgroup of asymptomatic subjects with sporting activities or high professional responsibility.
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Banning AS, Ng GA. Driving and arrhythmia: a review of scientific basis for international guidelines. Eur Heart J 2012; 34:236-44. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Mylotte D, Sheahan RG, Nolan PG, Neylon MA, McArdle B, Constant O, Diffley A, Keane D, Nash PJ, Crowley J, Daly K. The implantable defibrillator and return to operation of vehicles study. Europace 2012; 15:212-8. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Jentzer JC, Jentzer JH. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With and Without Defibrillator in a Commercial Truck Driver with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and New York Heart Association Class III Heart Failure. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2012; 4:169-180. [PMID: 26939814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Commercial drivers warrant tighter restrictions to their driving privileges than private drivers. Patients with cardiac disease who are at risk of consciousness-impairing arrhythmias are not allowed to drive commercially. Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or heart failure symptoms are permanently disqualified from commercial driving. A biventricular pacemaker without defibrillator can improve symptoms and mortality in selected patients with heart failure. Biventricular pacing may have antiarrhythmic effects that may reduce the added benefit of a defibrillator. Motor vehicle collisions resulting from arrhythmic events are infrequent. The interests of public safety must outweigh individual liberties when driving safety is in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Jentzer
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Scaife Hall, Suite B-571.3, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Abstract
Athletes may present with palpitations, syncope, or arrest resulting in the diagnosis of arrhythmia, or screening may result in diagnosis of conditions with predisposition to arrhythmia. This chapter focuses on 3 common arrhythmic conditions in athletes-atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), and the athlete with an implanted device. (1) Atrial fibrillation: most studies show that atrial fibrillation is more common in competitive athletes, particularly those participating in long-term endurance sports. Postulated mechanisms include morphologic changes such as atrial dilatation, autonomic changes such as increased vagal tone, or inflammatory changes due to sports participation. Treatment options include long-term antiarrhythmic agents, "pill in the pocket" medications, or radiofrequency ablation, a highly successful procedure in athletes. (2) Premature ventricular contractions: data conflict on whether the incidence of PVCs is increased in highly trained individuals. Very frequent PVCs in athletes, however, can be a manifestation of underlying heart disease, and athletes presenting with PVCs should undergo evaluation. In the absence of underlying heart disease, PVCs do not carry a poor prognosis, and US guidelines do not recommend restriction from sports. (3) Implanted devices: the safety of sports for the athlete with an implanted device is unknown, and current guidelines recommend against participation in vigorous competitive sports, based on postulated risks including failure to defibrillate and risk of injury. Many athletes with defibrillators and pacemakers do participate in sports. Ongoing research will better delineate the risks of sports for the athlete with an implanted device.
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Link MS, Exner DV, Anderson M, Ackerman M, Al-Ahmad A, Knight BP, Markowitz SM, Kaufman ES, Haines D, Asirvatham SJ, Callans DJ, Mounsey JP, Bogun F, Narayan SM, Krahn AD, Mittal S, Singh J, Fisher JD, Chugh SS. HRS policy statement: clinical cardiac electrophysiology fellowship curriculum: update 2011. Heart Rhythm 2011; 8:1340-56. [PMID: 21699868 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Link
- Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Thijssen J, Borleffs CJW, van Rees JB, de Bie MK, van der Velde ET, van Erven L, Bax JJ, Cannegieter SC, Schalij MJ. Driving restrictions after implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: an evidence-based approach. Eur Heart J 2011; 32:2678-87. [PMID: 21646229 PMCID: PMC3205477 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Little evidence is available regarding restrictions from driving following implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation or following first appropriate or inappropriate shock. The purpose of the current analysis was to provide evidence for driving restrictions based on real-world incidences of shocks (appropriate and inappropriate). Methods and results A total of 2786 primary and secondary prevention ICD patients were included. The occurrence of shocks was noted during a median follow-up of 996 days (inter-quartile range, 428–1833 days). With the risk of harm (RH) formula, using the incidence of sudden cardiac incapacitation, the annual RH to others posed by a driver with an ICD was calculated. Based on Canadian data, the annual RH to others of 5 in 100 000 (0.005%) was used as a cut-off value. In both primary and secondary prevention ICD patients with private driving habits, no restrictions to drive directly following implantation, or an inappropriate shock are warranted. However, following an appropriate shock, these patients are at an increased risk to cause harm to other road users and therefore should be restricted to drive for a period of 2 and 4 months, respectively. In addition, all ICD patients with professional driving habits have a substantial elevated risk to cause harm to other road users during the complete follow-up after both implantation and shock and should therefore be restricted to drive permanently. Conclusion The current analysis provides a clinically applicable tool for guideline committees to establish evidence-based driving restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joep Thijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden 2333 ZA, The Netherlands
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LOGANI SACHIN, GOTTLIEB MAIA, VERDINO RALPHJ, BAMAN TIMIRS, EAGLE KIMA, KIRKPATRICK JAMESN. Recovery of Pacemakers and Defibrillators for Analysis and Device Advance Directives: Electrophysiologists’ Perspectives. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2011; 34:659-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2011.03032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Experiences of Driving and Driving Restrictions in Recipients With an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator-The Patient Perspective. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2010; 25:E1-E10. [DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0b013e3181e0f881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Driving Guidelines and Restrictions in Patients With a History of Cardiac Arrhythmias, Syncope,or Implantable Devices. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2010; 12:443-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s11936-010-0088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vijgen J, Botto G, Camm J, Hoijer CJ, Jung W, Le Heuzey JY, Lubinski A, Norekvål TM, Santomauro M, Schalij M, Schmid JP, Vardas P. Consensus Statement: Consensus Statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association: Updated Recommendations for Driving by Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2010; 9:3-14. [PMID: 20170847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Vijgen
- Department of Cardiology, Virga Jesse Ziekenhuis, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Gianluca Botto
- Department of Cardiology, St. Anna Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - John Camm
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St. George's University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Werner Jung
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Villingen, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | | | - Andrzej Lubinski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tone M. Norekvål
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Martin Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Schmid
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Panos Vardas
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Heraklion Crete, Greece
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Kawata H, Noda T, Kurita T, Yamagata K, Yamada Y, Okamura H, Satomi K, Shimizu W, Suyama K, Aihara N, Isobe M, Kamakura S. Clinical Effect of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Replacements - When Should You Resume Driving After an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Replacement? -. Circ J 2010; 74:2301-7. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-10-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Kawata
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Takashi Noda
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Takashi Kurita
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kenichiro Yamagata
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Yuko Yamada
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kazuhiro Satomi
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kazuhiro Suyama
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Naohiko Aihara
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Mitsuaki Isobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shiro Kamakura
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
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