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Zhou Y, Wang T, Lu P, Wan Z, He H, Wang J, Li D, Li Y, Shu C. Exploring the Potential of MIM-Manufactured Porous NiTi as a Vascular Drug Delivery Material. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03558-1. [PMID: 38880816 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03558-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Porous nickel-titanium (NiTi) manufactured using metal injection molding (MIM) has emerged as an innovative generation of drug-loaded stent materials. However, an increase in NiTi porosity may compromise its mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. This study aims to explore the potential of porous NiTi as a vascular drug delivery material and evaluate the impact of porosity on its drug loading and release, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility. MIM, combined with the powder space-holder method, was used to fabricate porous NiTi alloys with three porosity levels. The mechanical properties of porous NiTi were assessed, as well as the surface cell growth capability. Furthermore, by loading rapamycin nanoparticles onto the surface and within the pores of porous NiTi, we evaluated the in vitro drug release behavior, inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, and inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. The results demonstrated that an increase in porosity led to a decrease in the mechanical properties of porous NiTi, including hardness, tensile strength, and elastic modulus, and a decrease in the surface cell growth capability, affecting both cell proliferation and morphology. Concurrently, the loading capacity and release duration of rapamycin were extended with increasing porosity, resulting in enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation in vitro and inhibition of neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. In conclusion, porous NiTi holds promise as a desirable vascular drug delivery material, but a balanced consideration of the influence of porosity on both mechanical properties and cytocompatibility is necessary to achieve an optimal balance among drug-loading and release performance, mechanical properties, and cytocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zicheng Wan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Vascular Disease Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, No. 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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2
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Todd M, Liu LB, Saul JM, Yazdani SK. Pre-clinical investigation of liquid sirolimus for local drug delivery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1184816. [PMID: 37781304 PMCID: PMC10540618 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1184816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sirolimus is currently being explored as an alternative drug to paclitaxel for the treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). To date, sirolimus has only been used as drug coatings for stents and balloons and no studies have yet demonstrated the delivery of sirolimus in liquid form. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of the delivery of liquid sirolimus into arterial segments in a benchtop peripheral artery bioreactor. Methods The feasibility to deliver liquid therapy was first tested on four drug delivery devices using a fluorescently tagged liquid drug and an ex vivo porcine artery benchtop model. The four devices included the Bullfrog micro-infusion device, ClearWay RX catheter, Occlusion perfusion catheter (OPC), and the targeted adjustable pharmaceutical administration system (TAPAS). Penetration of the fluorescently tagged drug was measured via microscopic imaging and quantification of the depth of drug penetration into all device-treated tissue. Based on the penetration outcome, we then selected a single device to deliver liquid sirolimus into the ex vivo porcine artery model undergoing physiological flow and pressure conditions. The liquid sirolimus-treated arteries were collected from the ex vivo bioreactor at 1- and 24-hour post-delivery and arterial drug retention analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results Fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that drug delivery with the OPC had greater drug penetration into the medial wall as compared to other devices (OPC: 234 ± 161 µm; TAPAS: 127 ± 68 µm; ClearWay: 118 ± 77 µm; Bullfrog: 2.12 ± 3.78 µm; p = 0.098). The results of the ex vivo flow-circuit bench top model showed that the OPC device successfully delivered the liquid sirolimus at 1-hour (5.17 ± 4.48 ng/mg) and 24-hour (0.78 ± 0.55 ng/mg). Conclusions These results demonstrate for the first time the ability to deliver liquid sirolimus directly to the medial layer of an artery via a liquid delivery catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan Todd
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Linda B. Liu
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Justin M. Saul
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States
| | - Saami K. Yazdani
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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3
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Capozzi A, Manganelli V, Riitano G, Caissutti D, Longo A, Garofalo T, Sorice M, Misasi R. Advances in the Pathophysiology of Thrombosis in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms and Signaling through Lipid Rafts. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030891. [PMID: 36769539 PMCID: PMC9917860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological features of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are related to the activity of circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) associated with vascular thrombosis and obstetric complications. Indeed, aPLs are not only disease markers, but also play a determining pathogenetic role in APS and exert their effects through the activation of cells and coagulation factors and inflammatory mediators for the materialization of the thromboinflammatory pathogenetic mechanism. Cellular activation in APS necessarily involves the interaction of aPLs with target receptors on the cell membrane, capable of triggering the signal transduction pathway(s). This interaction occurs at specific microdomains of the cell plasma membrane called lipid rafts. In this review, we focus on the key role of lipid rafts as signaling platforms in the pathogenesis of APS, and propose this pathogenetic step as a strategic target of new therapies in order to improve classical anti-thrombotic approaches with "new" immunomodulatory drugs.
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4
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Failing mitochondria and Coronary allograft vasculopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:742-744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Nakamura M, Yaku H, Ako J, Arai H, Asai T, Chikamori T, Daida H, Doi K, Fukui T, Ito T, Kadota K, Kobayashi J, Komiya T, Kozuma K, Nakagawa Y, Nakao K, Niinami H, Ohno T, Ozaki Y, Sata M, Takanashi S, Takemura H, Ueno T, Yasuda S, Yokoyama H, Fujita T, Kasai T, Kohsaka S, Kubo T, Manabe S, Matsumoto N, Miyagawa S, Mizuno T, Motomura N, Numata S, Nakajima H, Oda H, Otake H, Otsuka F, Sasaki KI, Shimada K, Shimokawa T, Shinke T, Suzuki T, Takahashi M, Tanaka N, Tsuneyoshi H, Tojo T, Une D, Wakasa S, Yamaguchi K, Akasaka T, Hirayama A, Kimura K, Kimura T, Matsui Y, Miyazaki S, Okamura Y, Ono M, Shiomi H, Tanemoto K. JCS 2018 Guideline on Revascularization of Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circ J 2022; 86:477-588. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nakamura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center
| | - Hitoshi Yaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Junya Ako
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Hirokuni Arai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Tohru Asai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyoshi Doi
- General and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiro Fukui
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshiaki Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daiichi Hospital
| | | | - Junjiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tatsuhiko Komiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kurashiki Central Hospital
| | - Ken Kozuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Yoshihisa Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Koichi Nakao
- Division of Cardiology, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hiroshi Niinami
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokyo Women’s Medical University
| | - Takayuki Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mitsui Memorial Hospital
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Hospital
| | - Masataka Sata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Hirofumi Takemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University
| | | | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Tomoyuki Fujita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Tokuo Kasai
- Department of Cardiology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Uonuma Kikan Hospital
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | - Susumu Manabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital
| | | | - Shigeru Miyagawa
- Frontier of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tomohiro Mizuno
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Noboru Motomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University
| | - Satoshi Numata
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | - Hirotaka Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Niigata City General Hospital
| | - Hiromasa Otake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Fumiyuki Otsuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Ken-ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tomoki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sakakibara Heart Institute
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Tomoaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital
| | - Nobuhiro Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center
| | | | - Taiki Tojo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Dai Une
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okayama Medical Center
| | - Satoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Koji Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takashi Akasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wakayama Medical University
| | | | - Kazuo Kimura
- Cardiovascular Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Takeshi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshiro Matsui
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University
| | - Shunichi Miyazaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University
| | | | - Minoru Ono
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroki Shiomi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kazuo Tanemoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School
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Chakraborty R, Chatterjee P, Dave JM, Ostriker AC, Greif DM, Rzucidlo EM, Martin KA. Targeting smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching in vascular disease. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:79-94. [PMID: 34617061 PMCID: PMC8489222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is central to vessel growth and remodeling, but also contributes to cardiovascular pathologies. New technologies including fate mapping, single cell transcriptomics, and genetic and pharmacologic inhibitors have provided fundamental new insights into the biology of VSMC. The goal of this review is to summarize the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic modulation and how these might be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Methods We summarize findings from extensive literature searches to highlight recent discoveries in the mechanisms underlying VSMC phenotypic switching with particular relevance to intimal hyperplasia. PubMed was searched for publications between January 2001 and December 2020. Search terms included VSMCs, restenosis, intimal hyperplasia, phenotypic switching or modulation, and drug-eluting stents. We sought to highlight druggable pathways as well as recent landmark studies in phenotypic modulation. Results Lineage tracing methods have determined that a small number of mature VSMCs dedifferentiate to give rise to oligoclonal lesions in intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. In atherosclerosis and aneurysm, single cell transcriptomics reveal a striking diversity of phenotypes that can arise from these VSMCs. Mechanistic studies continue to identify new pathways that influence VSMC phenotypic plasticity. We review the mechanisms by which the current drug-eluting stent agents prevent restenosis and note remaining challenges in peripheral and diabetic revascularization for which new approaches would be beneficial. We summarize findings on new epigenetic (DNA methylation/TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2, histone deacetylation, bromodomain proteins), transcriptional (Hippo/Yes-associated protein, peroxisome proliferator-activity receptor-gamma, Notch), and β3-integrin-mediated mechanisms that influence VSMC phenotypic modulation. Pharmacologic and genetic targeting of these pathways with agents including ascorbic acid, histone deacetylase or bromodomain inhibitors, thiazolidinediones, and integrin inhibitors suggests potential therapeutic value in the setting of intimal hyperplasia. Conclusions Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the remarkable plasticity of VSMCs may lead to novel approaches to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Payel Chatterjee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Allison C Ostriker
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Daniel M Greif
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Eva M Rzucidlo
- Department Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, McLeod Regional Medical Center, Florence, SC
| | - Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
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7
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McQueen A, Escuer J, Aggarwal A, Kennedy S, McCormick C, Oldroyd K, McGinty S. Do we really understand how drug eluted from stents modulates arterial healing? Int J Pharm 2021; 601:120575. [PMID: 33845150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The advent of drug-eluting stents (DES) has revolutionised the treatment of coronary artery disease. These devices, coated with anti-proliferative drugs, are deployed into stenosed or occluded vessels, compressing the plaque to restore natural blood flow, whilst simultaneously combating the evolution of restenotic tissue. Since the development of the first stent, extensive research has investigated how further advancements in stent technology can improve patient outcome. Mathematical and computational modelling has featured heavily, with models focussing on structural mechanics, computational fluid dynamics, drug elution kinetics and subsequent binding within the arterial wall; often considered separately. Smooth Muscle Cell (SMC) proliferation and neointimal growth are key features of the healing process following stent deployment. However, models which depict the action of drug on these processes are lacking. In this article, we start by reviewing current models of cell growth, which predominantly emanate from cancer research, and available published data on SMC proliferation, before presenting a series of mathematical models of varying complexity to detail the action of drug on SMC growth in vitro. Our results highlight that, at least for Sodium Salicylate and Paclitaxel, the current state-of-the-art nonlinear saturable binding model is incapable of capturing the proliferative response of SMCs across a range of drug doses and exposure times. Our findings potentially have important implications on the interpretation of current computational models and their future use to optimise and control drug release from DES and drug-coated balloons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair McQueen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Javier Escuer
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ankush Aggarwal
- Glasgow Computational Engineering Centre, Division of Infrastructure and Environment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Kennedy
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Keith Oldroyd
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sean McGinty
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Glasgow Computational Engineering Centre, Division of Infrastructure and Environment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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8
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Sciarretta S, Forte M, Frati G, Sadoshima J. The complex network of mTOR signaling in the heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:424-439. [PMID: 33512477 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates several intracellular and extracellular signals involved in the regulation of anabolic and catabolic processes. mTOR assembles into two macromolecular complexes, named mTORC1 and mTORC2, which have different regulators, substrates and functions. Studies of gain- and loss-of-function animal models of mTOR signaling revealed that mTORC1/2 elicit both adaptive and maladaptive functions in the cardiovascular system. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 are indispensable for driving cardiac development and cardiac adaption to stress, such as pressure overload. However, persistent and deregulated mTORC1 activation in the heart is detrimental during stress and contributes to the development and progression of cardiac remodeling and genetic and metabolic cardiomyopathies. In this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of mTOR in the cardiovascular system, both under basal conditions and during stress, such as pressure overload, ischemia and metabolic stress. Current data suggest that mTOR modulation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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9
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Xu J, Shi P, Zhao X, Shen P, Feng Y, Lu F, Shi D. Cell synchronization by Rapamycin improves the developmental competence of buffalos (Bubalus bubalis) somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:313-323. [PMID: 33219627 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study mainly explored the effects of Rapamycin on the growth of the Buffalo ear fibroblast (BEF) and embryonic developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The results show that the appropriate concentration (1 μM) of Rapamycin could significantly improve the proportion of the G0/G1 phase in BEF cells treated at a certain time (72 hr). Simultaneously, the percentage of the G0/G1 phase also was significantly higher than the serum starvation and control group. This may be related to Rapamycin inhibiting the phosphorylation of mTOR and affecting the expression of cell cycle-related genes (CDK2, CDK4, P27, CycleD1, and CycleD3). Besides, compared with the control group and serum-starved group, Rapamycin significantly decreased BEF cell apoptosis by reducing ROS generation. Moreover, these results also indicated that the proportion of BEF cells with normal chromosome multiples treated by Rapamycin is significantly higher than that of the serum-starved group (p < .05). Finally, this study explored the effects of Rapamycin and serum starvation on the embryonic developmental competence of SCNT. The results show that Rapamycin significantly increased the rate of 8-cell and blastocyst, compared with the control group and serum starvation group (p < .05). To summarize, these results indicate that Rapamycin improved the embryonic development competence of SCNT, which may be related to Rapamycin increasing the percentage of G0/G1 phase and maintaining BEF cell quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Penglei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fenghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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10
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The quest for effective pharmacological suppression of neointimal hyperplasia. Curr Probl Surg 2020; 57:100807. [PMID: 32771085 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Betala J, Bae S, Langan EM, LaBerge M, Lee JS. Combinatorial therapy of sirolimus and heparin by nanocarrier inhibits restenosis after balloon angioplasty ex vivo. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2020; 15:1205-1220. [PMID: 32340540 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-graft-polyethylenimine (PgP) as a dual drug-delivery carrier for sirolimus (SR) and heparin (Hep) to inhibit restenosis after balloon angioplasty. Materials & methods: SR was loaded in the hydrophobic core and negatively charged Hep complexed with the positively charged hydrophilic shell of PgP. SR- and Hep-loaded PgP was tested on rat aortic smooth muscle cells in vitro and injured porcine coronary arteries after balloon angioplasty ex vivo. Results & conclusion: SR and Hep loading efficiency in PgP were approximately 37 and 82%, respectively. SR- and Hep-loaded PgP treatment decreased smooth muscle cell proliferation up to 14 days post-treatment and decreased proliferation, collagen deposition and neointimal thickness and increased patency in porcine coronary arteries after balloon angioplasty ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Betala
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Sooneon Bae
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Eugene M Langan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC 29615, USA
| | - Martine LaBerge
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
| | - Jeoung Soo Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, USA
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12
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Osman I, He X, Liu J, Dong K, Wen T, Zhang F, Yu L, Hu G, Xin H, Zhang W, Zhou J. TEAD1 (TEA Domain Transcription Factor 1) Promotes Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Through Upregulating SLC1A5 (Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 5)-Mediated Glutamine Uptake. Circ Res 2020; 124:1309-1322. [PMID: 30801233 PMCID: PMC6493685 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.314187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: TEAD (TEA domain transcription factor) 1—a major effector of the Hippo signaling pathway—acts as an oncoprotein in a variety of tumors. However, the function of TEAD1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unclear. Objective: To assess the role of TEAD1 in vascular injury–induced smooth muscle proliferation and delineate the mechanisms underlying its action. Methods and Results: We found that TEAD1 expression is enhanced in mouse femoral artery after wire injury and correlates with the activation of mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) signaling in vivo. Using an inducible smooth muscle–specific Tead1 KO (knockout) mouse model, we found that specific deletion of Tead1 in adult VSMCs is sufficient to attenuate arterial injury–induced neointima formation due to inhibition of mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Furthermore, we found that TEAD1 plays a unique role in VSMCs, where it not only downregulates VSMC differentiation markers but also activates mTORC1 signaling, leading to enhanced VSMC proliferation. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing analysis, we identified Slc1a5 (solute carrier family 1 member 5)—a key glutamine transporter—as a novel TEAD1 target gene. SLC1A5 overexpression mimicked TEAD1 in promoting mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Moreover, depletion of SLC1A5 by silencing RNA or blocking SLC1A5-mediated glutamine uptake attenuated TEAD1-dependent mTORC1 activation and VSMC proliferation. Conclusions: Our study unravels a novel mechanism by which TEAD1 promotes VSMC proliferation via transcriptional induction of SLC1A5, thereby activating mTORC1 signaling and promoting neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Osman
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Xiangqin He
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology (T.W.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Fanzhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, China (F.Z.)
| | - Luyi Yu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Guoqing Hu
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China.,School of Life Sciences (X.H., H.X.), Nanchang University, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine (J.L., W.Z.), The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University (I.O., K.D., G.H., J.Z.)
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13
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Bellumkonda L, Patel J. Recent advances in the role of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors on cardiac allograft vasculopathy. Clin Transplant 2019; 34:e13769. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.13769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Bellumkonda
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA
| | - Jignesh Patel
- Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center Smidt Heart Institute Los Angeles CA USA
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14
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Ouyang C, Mu J, Lu Q, Li J, Zhu H, Wang Q, Zou MH, Xie Z. Autophagic degradation of KAT2A/GCN5 promotes directional migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by reducing TUBA/α-tubulin acetylation. Autophagy 2019; 16:1753-1770. [PMID: 31878840 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1707488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a fundamental process for degradation of macromolecules and organelles, occurs constitutively at a basal level and is upregulated in response to stress. Whether autophagy regulates protein acetylation and microtubule stability in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) migration, however, remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the histone acetyltransferase KAT2A/GCN5 (lysine acetyltransferase 2) binds directly to the autophagosome protein MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) via a conserved LC3-interacting region (LIR) domain. This interaction is required for KAT2A sequestration in autophagosomes and degradation by lysosomal acid hydrolases. Suppression of autophagy results in KAT2A accumulation. KAT2A functions as an acetyltransferase to increase TUBA/α-tubulin acetylation, promote microtubule polymerization and stability, ultimately inhibiting directional cell migration. Our findings indicate that deacetylation of TUBA and perturbation of microtubule stability via selective autophagic degradation of KAT2A are essential for autophagy-promoting VSMC migration. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATAT1: alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1; ATG: autophagy-related; BECN1: beclin 1; CQ: chloroquine; FBS: fetal bovine serum; GST: glutathione S-transferase; H4K16ac: histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation; HASMCs: human aortic smooth muscle cells; HBSS: Hank's buffered salt solution; HDAC6: histone deacetylase 6; hMOF: human males absent on the first; IP: immunoprecipitation; KAT2A/GCN5: lysine acetyltransferase 2A; Lacta: lactacystin; LIR: LC3-interaction region; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEFs: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MTOC: microtubule-organizing center; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PtdIns3K: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RUNX2: runt-related transcription factor 2; SIRT1: sirtuin 1; SIRT2: sirtuin 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhan Ouyang
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Mu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jian Li
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huaiping Zhu
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qilong Wang
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhonglin Xie
- Center of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University , Atlanta, GA, USA
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A novel de novo MTOR gain-of-function variant in a patient with Smith-Kingsmore syndrome and Antiphospholipid syndrome. Eur J Hum Genet 2019; 27:1369-1378. [PMID: 31053780 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the clinical, biochemical and genetic findings from a Spanish girl of Caucasian origin who presented with macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features, developmental delay, hypotonia, combined oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) deficiency, epilepsy and anti-phospholipid antibodies (aPL). Whole-exome sequencing (WES) uncovered a heterozygous variant in the MTOR gene (NM_004958.3: c.7235A>T: p.(Asp2412Val)) that encodes for the Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR. The substrates phosphorylation experiments demonstrated that this variant exerts its effect by gain-of-function (GOF) and autosomal dominant mechanism. GOF variants in this protein have been associated with Smith-Kingsmore syndrome (SKS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, seizure, developmental delay and dysmorphic facial features. Furthermore, the mTOR pathway has been demonstrated previously to be involved in many types of endothelium injuries including the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of aPL with recurrent vascular thrombosis. Therefore, our patient is the first one with an mTOR variant and diagnosed with SKS and APS. In conclusion, our data expand both the genetic and phenotypic spectrum associated with MTOR gene variants.
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16
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Ma Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Tang X. Development and evaluation of intramuscularly administered nano/microcrystal suspension. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:347-361. [PMID: 30827123 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1588248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Formulation of nanocrystals is one of the most important drug delivery systems for poorly soluble drug molecules. Nanocrystals are produced by techniques like precipitation, media milling, high-pressure homogenization, and so on. In order to achieve sustained release and higher absorption of nanosuspensions, intramuscularly administered nanosuspensions have been developed. As well, intramuscularly administered nanosuspensions have been implemented in order to improve the bioavailability of drug nanocrystals which have both a low oral bioavailability and cannot be administered by intravenous injection routes. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes studies that have focused on the production, classification, in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics of intramuscularly administered nanosuspensions. In order to avoid common drawbacks of intramuscularly administered nanosuspensions, such as tissue residues and some local tissue damage, nanosuspensions with a reduced administration volume of high drug loading and extended therapeutic effects are developed. EXPERT OPINION Intramuscularly administered nano/micro crystal suspensions have been developed for the treatment of various diseases such as schizophrenia, hormone disordered diseases, HIV and more. Additionally, intramuscularly administered nanosuspensions are also a good route for the development of traditional chinese medicines which have lower oral bioavailability and are not suitable for intravenous injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ma
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xing Tang
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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17
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Animal chronic total occlusion models: A review of the current literature and future goals. Thromb Res 2019; 177:83-90. [PMID: 30856383 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are commonly found in patients undergoing coronary angiography and is associated with poorer prognosis than in those patients with other forms of stable coronary artery disease. As such, with an increasing appreciation of this clinical entity, there is a need to identify, firstly the pathophysiological process driving its formation, as well as new percutaneous strategies for revascularisation with long term durability and improved outcomes. An appropriate, reliable and reproducible animal model is vital for both of these objectives. We review the prevalence of spontaneous collaterals in different species, as well as review the current literature with respect to animal models of CTOs, and compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of these differing models. Whilst both extrinsic compression models and endoluminal procedures may create situations analogous to a CTO in a human, the ideal animal model of a CTO will include an occluded artery, functional collaterals and a viable myocardium. This would allow study of the process driving collateral formation and arteriogenesis as well as percutaneous intervention strategies for both acute and long term benefits.
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18
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Eriksson P, Wallin P, Sjöwall C. Clinical Experience of Sirolimus Regarding Efficacy and Safety in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:82. [PMID: 30787878 PMCID: PMC6372521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment options constitute unmet needs for patients diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by sirolimus, a drug approved and in clinical use to prevent transplant rejection, has shown promising effects in lupus animal models as well as in patients with both antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE. Sirolimus inhibits antigen-induced T cell proliferation and increases the number of circulating regulatory T cells. Recently, sirolimus was tested in an open label phase 1/2 trial, including 43 patients with active SLE, resistant or intolerant to conventional medications. The results were encouraging showing a progressive improvement, including mucocutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations. At our university unit, we have more than 16 years' experience of sirolimus as treatment for non-renal manifestations of SLE. Herein, we retrospectively evaluated data on tolerance, dosage, affected organ systems, disease activity measures, corticosteroid reduction, concomitant immunosuppressive therapies, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) such as pain intensity, fatigue, well-being and quality-of-life (QoL) in 27 Caucasian patients with mildly active SLE. Musculoskeletal manifestation was the main reason for sirolimus treatment followed by skin involvement and leukocytopenia. Mean time on sirolimus was 47.1 (range 2-140) months. Decreasing global disease activity was observed, as measured by the clinical SLE disease activity index-2000, with a mean reduction of 2.5 points (range -10 to 0) and a corresponding mean reduction of the physician's global assessment (0-4) of 0.64 (range -2 to 0). The mean daily dose of corticosteroids (prednisolone) was reduced by 3.3 mg (-12.5 to 0). Non-significant trends toward improvements of QoL and pain intensity were found. Serious side-effects were not seen during sirolimus treatment, but early withdrawal due to nausea (n = 4) and non-serious infections (n = 2) appeared. This observational study, including longtime real-life use of sirolimus in SLE, is the largest to date and it essentially confirms the results of the recent phase 1/2 trial. Our data indicate that sirolimus is efficient in patients with musculoskeletal SLE manifestations, particularly arthritis and tendinitis. Further randomized controlled trials evaluating the potential benefits of sirolimus in SLE are warranted, but should aim to enroll patients with shorter disease duration, less accrued damage, and more diverse ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eriksson
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Philip Wallin
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sjöwall
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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19
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Fleetwood T, Cantello R, Comi C. Antiphospholipid Syndrome and the Neurologist: From Pathogenesis to Therapy. Front Neurol 2018; 9:1001. [PMID: 30534110 PMCID: PMC6275383 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune antibody-mediated condition characterized by thrombotic events and/or pregnancy morbidity in association with persistent positivity to antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The nervous system is frequently affected, as intracranial vessels are the most frequent site of arterial pathology. Over the course of years, many other neurological conditions not included in the diagnostic criteria, have been associated with APS. The pathogenic mechanisms behind the syndrome are complex and not fully elucidated. aPL enhance thrombosis, interfering with different pathways. Nevertheless, ischemic injury is not always sufficient to explain clinical features of the syndrome and immune-mediated damage has been advocated. This may be particularly relevant in the context of neurological complications. The reason why only a subgroup of patients develop non-criteria nervous system disorders and what determines the clinical phenotype are questions that remain open. The double nature, thrombotic and immunologic, of APS is also reflected by therapeutic strategies. In this review we summarize known neurological manifestations of APS, revisiting pathogenesis and current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Fleetwood
- Section of Neurology, Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberto Cantello
- Section of Neurology, Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Section of Neurology, Department of Translational Medicine University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre of Autoimmune Diseases University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
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20
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Yoshiyama T, Sugioka K, Naruko T, Nakagawa M, Shirai N, Ohsawa M, Yoshiyama M, Ueda M. Neopterin and Cardiovascular Events Following Coronary Stent Implantation in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:1105-1117. [PMID: 29593175 PMCID: PMC6224201 DOI: 10.5551/jat.43166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Neopterin is an activation marker for monocytes/macrophages. We prospectively investigated the predictive value of plasma neopterin levels on 2-year and long-term cardiovascular events in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) undergoing coronary stent implantation. METHODS We studied 123 consecutive patients with SAP who underwent primary coronary stenting (44 patients with bare metal stent: BMS group and 79 with drug-eluting stent: DES group). Plasma neopterin levels were measured on admission using HPLC. Moreover, one frozen coronary artery specimen after DES and three frozen coronary specimens after BMS were obtained by autopsy or endarterectomy, followed by immunohistochemical staining for neopterin. RESULTS Plasma neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients with cardiovascular events than in those without them (P<0.001). In subgroup analyses, higher levels of plasma neopterin in patients with cardiovascular events (P<0.001) and a positive correlation between neopterin levels and late lumen loss after stenting (P =0.008) were observed in the BMS group but not in the DES group (P=0.53 and P=0.17, respectively). In long-term cardiovascular events, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified the significance of the high-neopterin group as independent determinants of cardiovascular events (hazard ratio, 2.225; 95% CI, 1.283-3.857; P =0.004). Immunohistochemical staining showed abundant neopterin-positive macrophages in the neointima after BMS implantation but no neopterin-positive macrophages in the neointima after DES implantation. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that neopterin is associated with cardiovascular events after coronary stent implantation in patients with SAP. However, there might be a strong association between neopterin and cardiovascular events after BMS but not after DES in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Yoshiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiko Naruko
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiko Ohsawa
- Department of Pathology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshiyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makiko Ueda
- Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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21
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40 Years of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: History and Future Directions. J Pers Med 2018; 8:jpm8040033. [PMID: 30275411 PMCID: PMC6313463 DOI: 10.3390/jpm8040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of interventional cardiology has evolved significantly since the first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed 40 years ago. This evolution began with a balloon catheter mounted on a fixed wire and has progressed into bare-metal stents (BMS), first-generation drug-eluting stents (DES), second- and third-generation biodegradable polymer-based DES, and culminates with the advent of bioabsorbable stents, which are currently under development. Each step in technological advancement has improved outcomes, while new persisting challenges arise, caused by the stent scaffolds, the polymers employed, and the non-selective cytostatic and cytotoxic drugs eluted from the stents. Despite the promising technological advances made in stent technology, managing the balance between reductions in target lesion revascularization, stent thrombosis, and bleeding remain highly complex issues. This review summarizes the evolution of percutaneous coronary intervention with a focus on vascular dysfunction triggered by the non-selective drugs eluted from various stents. It also provides an overview of the mechanism of action of the drugs currently used in DES. We also discuss the efforts made in developing novel cell-selective drugs capable of inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells while allowing for complete reendothelialization. Lastly, in the era of precision medicine, considerations of patients’ genetic variance associated with myocardial infarction and in-stent restenosis are discussed. The combination of personalized medicine and improved stent platform with cell-selective drugs has the potential to solve the remaining challenges and improve the care of coronary artery disease patients.
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22
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Sakamoto A, Torii S, Jinnouchi H, Virmani R, Finn AV. Histopathologic and physiologic effect of overlapping vs single coronary stents: impact of stent evolution. Expert Rev Med Devices 2018; 15:665-682. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2018.1515012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sho Torii
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Aloke V. Finn
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Song Y, Huang Z, Liu X, Pang Z, Chen J, Yang H, Zhang N, Cao Z, Liu M, Cao J, Li C, Yang X, Gong H, Qian J, Ge J. Platelet membrane-coated nanoparticle-mediated targeting delivery of Rapamycin blocks atherosclerotic plaque development and stabilizes plaque in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE -/-) mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:13-24. [PMID: 30171903 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although certain success has been achieved in atherosclerosis treatment, tremendous challenges remain in developing more efficient strategies to treat atherosclerosis. Platelets have inherent affinity to plaques and naturally home to atherosclerotic sites. Rapamycin features potent anti-atherosclerosis effect, but its clinical utility is limited by its low concentration at the atherosclerotic site and severe systemic toxicity. In the present study, we used platelet membrane-coated nanoparticles (PNP) as a targeted drug delivery platform to treat atherosclerosis through mimicking platelets' inherent targeting to plaques. PNP displayed 4.98-fold greater radiant efficiency than control nanoparticles in atherosclerotic arterial trees, indicating its effective homing to atherosclerotic plaques in vivo. In an atherosclerosis model established in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, PNP encapsulating rapamycin significantly attenuated the progression of atherosclerosis and stabilized atherosclerotic plaques. These results demonstrated the perfect efficacy and pro-resolving potential of PNP as a targeted drug delivery platform for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Song
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyong Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonglian Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiatian Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenguang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Maciejewski-Duval A, Comarmond C, Leroyer A, Zaidan M, Le Joncour A, Desbois AC, Fouret JP, Koskas F, Cluzel P, Garrido M, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. mTOR pathway activation in large vessel vasculitis. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:99-109. [PMID: 30061014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC 1) drives the proinflammatory expansion of T helper (TH) type 1, TH17 cells and controls fibroblast proliferation, typical features of large vessel vasculitis (LVV) pathogenesis. Molecular pathways involved in arterial lesions of LVV are unknown. METHODS We evaluate mTORC pathway activation in vascular aorta lesions and in T cell homeostasis of patients with LVV. RESULTS Proliferation of both endothelial cells and vascular smooth-muscle cells was shown in vascular lesions in LVV. The vascular endothelium of proliferating aorta vessels from patients with LVV showed indications of activation of the mTORC1 pathway (S6RP phosphorylation). In cultured vascular endothelial cells, sera from patients with LVV stimulated mTORC1 through the phosphorylation of S6RP. mTORC1 activation was found also in Th1 and Th17 cells both systemically and in inflamed vessels. Patients with LVV exhibited a diminished S6RP phosphorylation in Tregs. Inhibition of mTORC1 pathway with rapamycin, increase Tregs and decrease effector CD4+IFNγ+, CD4+IL17+ and CD4+IL21+ T cells in patients with LVV. CONCLUSIONS We provided evidence that mTORC1 pathway has a central role in driving T cell inflammation and vascular lesions in LVV. Targeting mTORC pathway may represent a new therapeutic option in patients with LVV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maciejewski-Duval
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - C Comarmond
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, National Center for Autoimmune and Systemic Rare Disease, National Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - A Leroyer
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Vascular Research Center of Marseille, UMR-S 1076, Marseille, France
| | - M Zaidan
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Département de Néphrologie, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - A Le Joncour
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, National Center for Autoimmune and Systemic Rare Disease, National Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - A C Desbois
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, National Center for Autoimmune and Systemic Rare Disease, National Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - J P Fouret
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Laboratoire d'anatomopathologie, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - F Koskas
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, UPMC-Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - P Cluzel
- AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département d'Imagerie CardioVasculaire et de Radiologie Interventionnelle, UPMC Paris VI, INSERM-CNRS-LIB, Paris, France
| | - M Garrido
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - P Cacoub
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, National Center for Autoimmune and Systemic Rare Disease, National Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - D Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR 7211, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Inflammation-Immunopathologie-Biotherapie (DHU i2B), F-75005, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S 959, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, FRE3632, F-75005, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, National Center for Autoimmune and Systemic Rare Disease, National Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Amyloidosis, F-75013, Paris, France.
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Young-Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease is Associated with Major Cardiovascular Complications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050903. [PMID: 29751520 PMCID: PMC5981942 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background: Patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) might have a risk of cardiovascular diseases because several cardiovascular risk factors are occasionally associated with PKD patients. Data on the association between PKD and the risk of cardiovascular events, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stroke, and congestive heart failure (CHF), are scant. Methods: Patients aged ≥20 years who were newly diagnosed with PKD (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 753.12 and 753.13) between 2000 and 2011 were selected as a PKD cohort (N = 5157). The association between PKD and cardiovascular events was analyzed. Results: We randomly selected a comparison cohort of people without PKD, who were frequency-matched by sex, age, and index date of diagnosis. At the end of 2011, the PKD cohort had a 1.40-fold greater incidence of ACS compared with the comparison cohort (8.59 vs. 6.17 per 1000 person-years), in addition to a 1.40-fold greater incidence of stroke, a 1.49-fold greater incidence of CHF, and a 1.64-fold greater incidence of mortality. Conclusions: This retrospective cohort study shows that patients with PKD have an increased risk of cardiovascular events including ACS, stroke, and CHF as well as mortality, particularly in younger patients. Early identification is necessary to attenuate the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with PKD.
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Wang D, Uhrin P, Mocan A, Waltenberger B, Breuss JM, Tewari D, Mihaly-Bison J, Huminiecki Ł, Starzyński RR, Tzvetkov NT, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation as a therapeutic target. Part 1: molecular targets and pathways. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1586-1607. [PMID: 29684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of human death worldwide. Excessive proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells contributes to the etiology of such diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and pulmonary hypertension. The control of vascular cell proliferation is complex and encompasses interactions of many regulatory molecules and signaling pathways. Herein, we recapitulated the importance of signaling cascades relevant for the regulation of vascular cell proliferation. Detailed understanding of the mechanism underlying this process is essential for the identification of new lead compounds (e.g., natural products) for vascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 23, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăştur 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes M Breuss
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, 263136 Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Judit Mihaly-Bison
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Łukasz Huminiecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał R Starzyński
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany; NTZ Lab Ltd., Krasno Selo 198, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Sweet DR, Fan L, Hsieh PN, Jain MK. Krüppel-Like Factors in Vascular Inflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:6. [PMID: 29459900 PMCID: PMC5807683 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of inflammation in vascular disease is well recognized, involving dysregulation of both circulating immune cells as well as the cells of the vessel wall itself. Unrestrained vascular inflammation leads to pathological remodeling that eventually contributes to atherothrombotic disease and its associated sequelae (e.g., myocardial/cerebral infarction, embolism, and critical limb ischemia). Signaling events during vascular inflammation orchestrate widespread transcriptional programs that affect the functions of vascular and circulating inflammatory cells. The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of transcription factors central in regulating vascular biology in states of homeostasis and disease. Given their abundance and diversity of function in cells associated with vascular inflammation, understanding the transcriptional networks regulated by KLFs will further our understanding of the pathogenesis underlying several pervasive health concerns (e.g., atherosclerosis, stroke, etc.) and consequently inform the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Within this review, we will discuss the role of KLFs in coordinating protective and deleterious responses during vascular inflammation, while addressing the potential targeting of these critical transcription factors in future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sweet
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Liyan Fan
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Paishiun N Hsieh
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is 40 years old this year. From its humble beginnings of experimental work, PCI has transitioned over years with coronary artery stenting now a standard medical procedure performed throughout the world. Areas covered: The conversion from plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA) to the present era of drug eluting stents (DES) has been driven by many technological advances and large bodies of clinical trial evidence. The journey to present day practice has seen many setbacks, such as acute vessel closure with POBA; rates of instant restenosis with bare metal stents (BMS) and more recently, high rates of stent thrombosis with bioabsorbable platforms. This work discusses POBA, why there was a need for BMS, the use of inhibiting drugs to create 1st generation DES, the change of components to 2nd generation DES, the use of absorbable drug reservoirs and platforms, and possible future directions with Prohealing Endothelial Progenitor Cell Capture Stents. Expert commentary: This paper reviews the evolution from the original pioneering work to modern day practice, highlighting landmark trials that changed practice. Modern day contemporary practice is now very safe based on the latest drug eluting stents and supported by large datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Naveed Ahmed
- a Cardiology , St Michael's Hospital Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Michael Kutryk
- a Cardiology , St Michael's Hospital Toronto , Toronto , Canada
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Lightell DJ, Moss SC, Woods TC. Upregulation of miR-221 and -222 in response to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 activity exacerbates neointimal hyperplasia in diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis 2017; 269:71-78. [PMID: 29276985 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes is associated with accelerated arterial intimal thickening that contributes to the increased cardiovascular disease seen in this population. In healthy arteries, intimal thickening is inhibited by elevated levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1, and intimal thickening is promoted by activation of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin to promote degradation of p27Kip1 protein. Recently, we reported that two microRNAs, miR-221 and -222, which promote intimal thickening via down-regulation of mRNA encoding p27Kip1, are elevated in the arteries of diabetic patients. To determine if these miRNAs are critical to the increased intimal thickening under diabetic conditions, we examined the regulation of p27Kip1in a mouse model of diabetes. METHODS Comparisons of p27Kip1 signaling in NONcNZO10 mice fed a diabetogenic versus control diet were performed using immunochemistry and real-time PCR. RESULTS Vascular smooth muscle cells and arteries of diabetic mice exhibited decreased levels of p27Kip1 that derived from destabilization of p27Kip1 mRNA in an extracellular signal response kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2) dependent manner. The activity of ERK-1/2 is increased in the arteries of diabetic mice and promotes an increase in miR-221 and -222. Inhibition of miR-221 and -222 restores normal levels of p27Kip1 mRNA and protein in the arteries of diabetic mice and reduces intimal thickening following wire injury. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest diabetes is accompanied by increases in arterial miR-221 and -222 expression that promotes intimal thickening. Inhibition of the increased miR-221 and -222 may be efficacious in the prevention of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Lightell
- Department of Physiology and the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Stephanie C Moss
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - T Cooper Woods
- Department of Physiology and the Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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XAV939 Inhibits Intima Formation by Decreasing Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Through Blocking Wnt Signaling. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2017; 68:414-424. [PMID: 27525574 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive proliferation, migration, and oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are key mechanisms involved in intima formation, which is the basic pathological process of in stent restenosis. This study aims at exploring the role of XAV939 in proliferation, migration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation of VSMCs, and hence evaluating its effects on intima formation. METHODS Carotid artery ligation models for C57BL/6 mice were established and gave them different intervention: saline, XAV939, Axin2 overexpression adenovirus, and negative control adenovirus. The intima formation was assayed by intima area and intima/media ratio. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, primary rat VSMCs were cultured and treated with XAV939 and platelet-derived growth factor-BB. EdU, direct cell counting, cell wound-healing assay, and flow cytometry were used to measure proliferation, migration, cell cycle, apoptosis, and ROS generation of VSMCs, respectively. By Western blot, we examined proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, p21, β-actin, JNK, phosphorylated JNK, Axin2 and β-catenin expression. Immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy were conducted to detect translocation of β-catenin. RESULTS XAV939 inhibited intima formation, which was exhibited by the loss of intima area and I/M ratio and attenuated proliferation, migration, and ROS generation, as well as promoted cell cycle arrest of VSMCs. Specifically, XAV939 inhibited Wnt pathway. CONCLUSIONS XAV939 attenuates intima formation because of its inhibition of proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs through suppression of Wnt signaling pathway.
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Teng Y, Wang Z, Li W, Yu J, Shan Z, Liang C, Wang S. Mitoxantrone suppresses vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and balloon injury-induced neointima formation: An in vitro and in vivo study. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2017; 17:339-348. [PMID: 28590233 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2017.2113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointima formation, which occurs after vascular injury due to vascular disease or interventions such as angioplasty and stent placement, is a complex process that involves multiple molecular and cellular mechanisms. The inhibition of neointima formation is vital to prevent restenosis of blood vessels. In the present study, we investigated whether the systemic administration of mitoxantrone can inhibit neointima formation, and evaluated the underlying mechanisms under in vitro and in vivo experimental conditions. In vitro, rat and human vascular smooth muscle cells (RVSMCs and HVSMCs) were stimulated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and treated with mitoxantrone or DMSO as a control. In vivo, 54 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and then intravenously administered with mitoxantrone. Cell proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle analysis was performed using flow cytometry, and protein expression was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We used monoclonal mouse anti-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibody for the detection of BrdU and anti-Topoisomerase II antibody for staining Type II topoisomerase (Topo II), one week after the ballon injury. In both RVSMCs and HVSMCs, mitoxantrone treatment induced Topo II degradation, as well as suppressed DNA replication, cell cycle progression, and VSMC proliferation. A reduction in intimal hyperplasia, intimal-to-medial area ratio, and Topo II level was observed in mitoxantrone-treated rats, as compared to the control (saline) group. Overall, our results indicate that systemic administration of mitoxantrone can reduce neointimal hyperplasia and, thus, represents a suitable option for restenosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Teng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Fan YL, Hou HW, Tay HM, Guo WM, Berggren PO, Loo SCJ. Preservation of Anticancer and Immunosuppressive Properties of Rapamycin Achieved Through Controlled Releasing Particles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2648-2657. [PMID: 28251512 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycin is commonly used in chemotherapy and posttransplantation rejection suppression, where sustained release is preferred. Conventionally, rapamycin has to be administered in excess due to its poor solubility, and this often leads to cytotoxicity and undesirable side effects. In addition, rapamycin has been shown to be hydrolytically unstable, losing its bioactivity within a few hours. The use of drug delivery systems is hypothesized to preserve the bioactivity of rapamycin, while providing controlled release of this otherwise potent drug. This paper reports on the use of microparticles (MP) as a means to tune and sustain the delivery of bioactive rapamycin for up to 30 days. Rapamycin was encapsulated (100% efficiency) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), or a mixture of both via an emulsion method. The use of different polymer types and mixture was shown to achieve a variety of release kinetics and profile. Released rapamycin was subsequently evaluated against breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and human lymphocyte cell (Jurkat). Inhibition of cell proliferation was in good agreement with in vitro release profiles, which confirmed the intact bioactivity of rapamycin. For Jurkat cells, the suppression of cell growth was proven to be effective up to 20 days, a duration significantly longer than free rapamycin. Taken together, these results demonstrate the ability to tune, sustain, and preserve the bioactivity of rapamycin using MP formulations. The sustained delivery of rapamycin could lead to better therapeutic effects than bolus dosage, at the same time improving patient compliance due to its long-acting duration.
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Siddique S, Risse J, Canaud G, Zuily S. Vascular Manifestations in Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS): Is APS a Thrombophilia or a Vasculopathy? Curr Rheumatol Rep 2017; 19:64. [PMID: 28871481 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-017-0687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized primarily by thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity. Chronic vascular lesions can also occur. While the underlying mechanisms of these vascular lesions are not entirely known, there have been multiple theories describing the potential process of vasculopathy in APS and the various clinical manifestations associated with it. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, it has been demonstrated that endothelial proliferation in kidneys can be explained by the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) pathway by antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). These data support the existence of an APS-related vasculopathy in different locations which can explain-in part-the different manifestations of APS. This review focuses on the various manifestations of APS as a result of APS-related vasculopathy, as well as pathophysiology, current screening, and treatment options for clinicians to be aware of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Siddique
- Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Jessie Risse
- CHRU de Nancy, Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center For Rare Vascular And Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Inserm U1116 at Lorraine University, Nancy, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Inserm U1151, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- CHRU de Nancy, Vascular Medicine Division and Regional Competence Center For Rare Vascular And Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Inserm U1116 at Lorraine University, Nancy, France
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Activation of mTOR is involved in anti-β 2 GPI/β 2 GPI-induced expression of tissue factor and IL-8 in monocytes. Thromb Res 2017; 157:103-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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Feng L, Ma X, Wang J, Tian Q. Up-regulation of 14-3-3β plays a role in intimal hyperplasia following carotid artery injury in diabetic Sprague Dawley rats by promoting endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:1237-1243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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Addison D, Seidelmann SB, Janjua SA, Emami H, Staziaki PV, Hallett TR, Szilveszter B, Lu MT, Cambria RP, Hoffmann U, Chan AW, Wirth LJ, Neilan TG. Human Papillomavirus Status and the Risk of Cerebrovascular Events Following Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Cancer. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006453. [PMID: 28855164 PMCID: PMC5634292 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Radiation therapy (RT) is a standard treatment for head and neck cancer; however, it is associated with inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis, and cerebrovascular events (CVEs; stroke or transient ischemic attack). Human papillomavirus (HPV) is found in nearly half of head and neck cancers and is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. Whether HPV confers an increased risk of CVEs after RT is unknown. Methods and Results Using an institutional database, we identified all consecutive patients treated with RT from 2002 to 2012 for head and neck cancer who were tested for HPV. The outcome of interest was the composite of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack, and the association between HPV and CVEs was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, competing risk analysis, and inverse probability weighting. Overall, 326 participants who underwent RT for head and neck cancer were tested for HPV (age 59±12 years, 75% were male, 9% had diabetes mellitus, 45% had hypertension, and 61% were smokers), of which 191 (59%) were tumor HPV positive. Traditional risk factors for CVEs were similar between HPV‐positive and ‐negative patients. Over a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, there were 18 ischemic strokes and 5 transient ischemic attacks (event rate of 1.8% per year). The annual event rate was higher in the HPV‐positive patients compared with the HPV‐negative patients (2.6% versus 0.9%, P=0.002). In a multivariable model, HPV‐positive status was associated with a >4 times increased risk of CVEs (hazard ratio: 4.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–13.2; P=0.008). Conclusions In this study, HPV‐positive status is associated with an increased risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack following RT for head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Addison
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara B Seidelmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sumbal A Janjua
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hamed Emami
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Pedro V Staziaki
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Travis R Hallett
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bálint Szilveszter
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael T Lu
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard P Cambria
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Annie W Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lori J Wirth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA .,Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Application of galangin, an active component of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Zingiberaceae), for use in drug-eluting stents. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8207. [PMID: 28811550 PMCID: PMC5557749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In clinical pathology, stent interposition is used to treat vascular disease but can lead to restenosis. Drug-eluting stents (DES) are most commonly used to suppress restenosis but can also have side effects. Therefore, we investigated the anti-proliferative effect and its possible target in vitro and in vivo. We found that Alpinia officinarum Hance (AO) extract efficiently inhibited VSMC proliferation by arresting the transition from the G0/G1 to the S phase via the up-regulation of p27KIP1 expression. Galangin (GA) was determined to be a significant component of this extract, with the same anti-proliferative activity as the raw extract. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining showed that both the AO extract and GA targeted the up-regulation of p27KIP1 expression. Therefore, we next examined the effect of these compounds in a cuff-injured neointimal hyperplasia model in vivo. In this animal model, both the AO extract and GA completely suppressed the neointima formation, and this inhibitory effect was also demonstrated to target the up-regulation of p27KIP1, including the suppression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Our findings indicate that AO extract and GA have a potent anti-proliferative activity, targeting the up-regulation of p27 expression. Thus, GA may represent an alternative medicine for use in DES.
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Kim KY, Park JH, Kim DH, Tsauo J, Kim MT, Son WC, Kang SG, Kim DH, Song HY. Sirolimus-eluting Biodegradable Poly-l-Lactic Acid Stent to Suppress Granulation Tissue Formation in the Rat Urethra. Radiology 2017; 286:140-148. [PMID: 28787263 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017170414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the use of sirolimus-eluting biodegradable stents (SEBSs) to suppress granulation tissue formation after stent placement in a rat urethral model. Materials and Methods All experiments were approved by the animal research committee. A total of 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three equal groups after biodegradable stent placement. Group A received control biodegradable stents. Groups B and C received stents coated with 90 µg/cm2 and 450 µg/cm2 sirolimus, respectively. Six rats in each group were sacrificed after 4 weeks; the remaining rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The therapeutic effectiveness of SEBSs was assessed by comparing the results of retrograde urethrography and histologic examination. Analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons was used to evaluate statistical differences. Results SEBS placement was technically successful in all rats. Urethrographic and histologic examinations revealed significantly less granulation tissue formation at both time points in the rats receiving SEBSs (groups B and C) compared with those that received control stents (group A) (P < .05 for all). There were no significant differences in urethrographic and histologic findings between groups B and C (P > .05 for all). However, the mean number of epithelial layers in group B was higher than that in group C at 4 weeks after stent placement (P < .001). Apoptosis increased in group C compared with groups A and B (P < .05 for all). Conclusion The use of SEBSs suppressed granulation tissue formation secondary to stent placement in a rat urethral model; local therapy with SEBSs may be used to decrease stent-related granulation tissue formation. © RSNA, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yung Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Jung-Hoon Park
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Jiaywei Tsauo
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Min Tae Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Woo-Chan Son
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Sung-Gwon Kang
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
| | - Ho-Young Song
- From the Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology (K.Y.K., J.H.P., J.T., M.T.K., S.G.K., H.Y.S.), Biomedical Engineering Research Center (J.H.P.), Department of Gastroenterology (Do Hoon Kim), and Department of Pathology (W.C.S.), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Republic of Korea; and Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill (J.H.P., Dong-Hyun Kim)
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Mattesini A, Bartolini S, Sorini Dini C, Valente S, Parodi G, Stolcova M, Meucci F, Di Mario C. The DESolve novolimus bioresorbable Scaffold: from bench to bedside. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:S950-S958. [PMID: 28894601 PMCID: PMC5583086 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.07.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The DESolve (Elixir Medical Corporation, Sunnyvale, California, USA) is a poly-L lactide-based polymer scaffold coated with the antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory drug novolimus. The scaffold biodegrades within one year with a complete resorption in two years and in vitro bench test have shown the ability to supply the necessary radial strength to support the vessel for the critical 3- to 4-month period after implant. The DESolve showed the unique self-correction property, which may reduce the incidence of minor malapposition after deployment. Overexpansion with DESolve is safe since a high capability resistance to fracture has been demonstrated with this scaffold. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available preclinical and clinical data regarding the DESolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Mattesini
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Bartolini
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sorini Dini
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Serafina Valente
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Guido Parodi
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Miroslava Stolcova
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Meucci
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- Structural Interventional Cardiology Unit, University Of Florence, AOU Careggi, Florence, Italy
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Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare Metal Stents for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2017; 101:851-857. [PMID: 27517730 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comparative effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) versus bare metal stents (BMS) has not been studied in the kidney transplant population. METHODS Using the US Renal Data System, we identified 3245 kidney transplant patients who underwent PCI between April 2003 and December 2010; 2400 and 845 patients received DES and BMS, respectively. We used propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting to create DES- and BMS-treated groups whose observed baseline characteristics were well-balanced. The associations between stent type and the outcomes of (1) death; (2) death or myocardial infarction (MI); (3) death, MI, or repeat revascularization (RR); and (4) hospitalized bleeding were compared using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Drug-eluting stent use increased during the study period, mirroring the trend described in the general population. In the propensity score-matched cohort, no significant association among DES (vs BMS) use and outcomes was observed at 1 and 2 years of follow-up. However, at 3 years, DES was associated with 20% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4-33%) lower risk of death, 15% (95% CI, 1-27%) lower risk of death or MI, and 14% (95% CI, 2-24%) lower risk of death, MI, or repeat revascularization. There were no significant differences in rates of hospitalized bleeding at any time point. Results were similar in the inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis. CONCLUSIONS In this retrospective study of US kidney transplant recipients undergoing PCI, DES was associated with better clinical outcomes beyond 2 years of follow-up.
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Qi W, Li Q, Liew CW, Rask-Madsen C, Lockhart SM, Rasmussen LM, Xia Y, Wang X, Khamaisi M, Croce K, King GL. SHP-1 activation inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in a rodent model of insulin resistance and diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:585-596. [PMID: 27933336 PMCID: PMC5672905 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4159-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Accelerated migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enhances arterial restenosis after angioplasty in insulin resistance and diabetes. Elevation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) induces apoptosis in the microvasculature. However, the role of SHP-1 in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis has not been clarified in insulin resistance and diabetes. METHODS We used a femoral artery wire injury mouse model, rodent models with insulin resistance and diabetes, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Further, we modulated SHP-1 expression using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses SHP-1 in VSMCs (Shp-1-Tg). SHP-1 agonists were also employed to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of SHP-1 by oxidised lipids. RESULTS Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited increased femoral artery intimal hyperplasia and decreased arterial SHP-1 expression compared with mice fed a regular diet. Arterial SHP-1 expression was also decreased in Zucker fatty rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats and in patients with type 2 diabetes. In primary cultured VSMCs, oxidised LDL suppressed SHP-1 expression by activating Mek-1 (also known as Map2k1) and increased DNA methylation of the Shp-1 promoter. VSMCs from Shp-1-Tg mice exhibited impaired platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation with a concomitant decrease in PDGF-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration. Similarly, HFD-fed Shp-1-Tg mice and mice treated with the SHP-1 inducer, Icariside II, were protected from the development of intimal hyperplasia following wire injury. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Suppression of SHP-1 by oxidised lipids may contribute to the excessive VSMC proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production and intimal hyperplasia observed in arteries from diabetes and insulin resistance. Augmenting SHP-1 levels is a potential therapeutic strategy to maintain stent patency in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle/physiology
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Zucker
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tunica Intima/metabolism
- Tunica Intima/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Weier Qi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Qian Li
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christian Rask-Madsen
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Samuel M Lockhart
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lars Melholt Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Center for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases (CIMA), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Xia
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Xuanchun Wang
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kevin Croce
- Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - George L King
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratories, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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Progenitor Cells for Arterial Repair: Incremental Advancements towards Therapeutic Reality. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:8270498. [PMID: 28232850 PMCID: PMC5292398 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8270498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary revascularization remains the standard treatment for obstructive coronary artery disease and can be accomplished by either percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Considerable advances have rendered PCI the most common form of revascularization and improved clinical outcomes. However, numerous challenges to modern PCI remain, namely, in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis, underscoring the importance of understanding the vessel wall response to injury to identify targets for intervention. Among recent promising discoveries, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have garnered considerable interest given an increasing appreciation of their role in vascular homeostasis and their ability to promote vascular repair after stent placement. Circulating EPC numbers have been inversely correlated with cardiovascular risk, while administration of EPCs in humans has demonstrated improved clinical outcomes. Despite these encouraging results, however, advancing EPCs as a therapeutic modality has been hampered by a fundamental roadblock: what constitutes an EPC? We review current definitions and sources of EPCs as well as the proposed mechanisms of EPC-mediated vascular repair. Additionally, we discuss the current state of EPCs as therapeutic agents, focusing on endogenous augmentation and transplantation.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to present an overview of the recent evidence regarding the use of bioresorbable scaffolds in percutaneous coronary intervention. RECENT FINDINGS Bioresorbable scaffolds represent a potentially unique engineering solution to the problems associated with metallic stents. The Absorb everolimus-eluting bioresorbable scaffold has been the most extensively tested of this class and is currently Food and Drug Administration-approved for use in the USA. While early studies suggested that it has comparable overall efficacy as compared to drug-eluting metallic stents, they also demonstrated a significantly increased risk of stent thrombosis. Bioresorbable scaffolds may be comparable to drug-eluting stents, though associated with an increased risk of stent thrombosis. They are a nascent technology with several competitive product designs in development and continued iterative technological improvements are expected over the next several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Nathan
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center, South Tower, 11th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Taisei Kobayashi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center, South Tower, 11th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel M Kolansky
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center, South Tower, 11th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L Wilensky
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center, South Tower, 11th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jay Giri
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Perelman Center, South Tower, 11th Floor, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Enhanced Rb/E2F and TSC/mTOR Pathways Induce Synergistic Inhibition in PDGF-Induced Proliferation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170036. [PMID: 28076433 PMCID: PMC5226788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays an essential role in proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The Rb/E2F and TSC/mTOR pathways contribute to the proliferation of VSMCs, but its exact roles in PDGF-induced proliferation are unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the roles of Rb/E2F and TSC/mTOR pathways in PDGF-induced proliferation in VSMCs. We found that PDGF stimulates the activity of E2F and mTOR pathways, and knockdown of either Rb or TSC2 increases PDGF-induced proliferation in VSMCs. More interestingly, we revealed that enhancing both E2F and mTOR activity leads to synergistic inhibition of PDGF-induced proliferation in VSMCs. We further identified that the synergistic inhibition effect is caused by the induced oxidative stress. Summarily, these data suggest the important regulations of Rb/E2F and TSC/mTOR pathways in PDGF-induced proliferation in VSMCs, and also present a promising way to limit deregulated proliferation by PDGF induction in VSMCs.
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Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a hypercoagulable state characterized by arterial and venous thromboses and pregnancy morbidity in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Although warfarin remains the main therapeutic choice in APS, there is still concern about its efficacy, safety, and patient compliance. Patients with refractory APS to conventional therapy as well as patients with non-classical manifestations of APS may have alternative treatment approaches. APS pathogenesis has been further elucidated over the past years identifying new molecules as potential new treatment targets. This review summarizes available data from in vitro and animal models and clinical studies on the role of new potential treatment approaches including new oral anticoagulants and immunoregulatory agents: direct thrombin or factor Xa inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine, statins, B cell inhibition, complement inhibition, peptide therapy, nuclear factor κB and p38 mitogen-activated kinase inhibitors, defibrotide, abciximab, mTOR inhibitor, and other potential targets. Large multicenter prospective studies of well-characterized APS patients are needed to assess the efficacy and safety profile of these potential treatment alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Andrade
- Rheumatology Department, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo 455, Third Floor, Room 3109, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tektonidou
- First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Academic Rheumatology Programme, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Lee SY, Bae IH, Park DS, Jang EJ, Shim JW, Lim KS, Park JK, Sim DS, Jeong MH. Comparison of dextran-based sirolimus-eluting stents and PLA-based sirolimus-eluting stents in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:301-310. [PMID: 27615559 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare dextran and Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) polymer stent coatings as mediators for sirolimus (SRL) drug elution in a porcine coronary model. The bare metal stent (BMS) surface was first coated with a layer of SRL and then either dextran (DSS, a natural polymer) or PLA (PSS, a synthetic polymer). The release velocity of SRL was slightly faster in DSS than PSS over the first 7 days (78.5% and 62.3%, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05) and continued to 28 days in both groups. The contact angle was dramatically decreased in DSS (38.7° ± 1.24) compared to BMS and PSS groups (72.7° ± 5.32 and 81.1º ± 1.70, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). Smooth muscle cell migration was arrested in both the DSS and PSS-treated groups compared to that in the nontreated group (4.2% ± 0.31, 5.8% ± 0.60, 80.0% ± 4.4, respectively, n = 10, p < 0.05). In the animal study, there were no significant differences in the injury score, the internal elastic lamina, and the lumen area among the groups. However, percent area stenosis was significantly decreased in the SRL-containing group (27.5% ± 2.52 in DSS and 27.9% ± 3.30 in PSS) compared to BMS (35.9% ± 3.51, p < 0.05). The fibrin score was higher in the PSS (2.9 ± 0.31) than BMS (2.1 ± 0.12) and DSS (2.5 ± 0.66). The inflammation score in the DSS (0.7 ± 0.21) was similar to that in the BMS (0.7 ± 0.12), which was dramatically lower than that PSS (1.5 ± 0.18, p < 0.005). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that endothelialization was increased and inflammation prevented in the DSS. These results suggest that dextran may be useful for the fabrication of drug eluting stent as an alternative existing synthetic polymer. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 301-310, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Youn Lee
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Bae
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Park
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jae Jang
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Shim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Park
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated by Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea.,Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung, 501-893, Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, 501-757, Republic of Korea
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Bienaimé F, Legendre C, Terzi F, Canaud G. Antiphospholipid syndrome and kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 91:34-44. [PMID: 27555120 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The antiphospholipid syndrome is a common autoimmune disease caused by pathogenic antiphospholipid antibodies, leading to recurrent thrombosis and/or obstetrical complications. Importantly for nephrologists, antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with various renal manifestations including large renal vessel thrombosis, renal artery stenosis, and a constellation of intrarenal lesions that has been termed antiphospholipid nephropathy. This last condition associates various degrees of acute thrombotic microangiopathy, proliferative and fibrotic lesions of the intrarenal vessels, and ischemic modifications of the renal parenchyma. The course of the disease can range from indolent nephropathy to devastating acute renal failure. The pejorative impact of antiphospholipid antibody-related renal complication is well established in the context of systemic lupus erythematous or after renal transplantation. In contrast, the exact significance of isolated antiphospholipid nephropathy remains uncertain. The evidence to guide management of the renal complications of antiphospholipid syndrome is limited. However, the recent recognition of the heterogeneous molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of intrarenal vascular lesions in antiphospholipid syndrome have opened promising tracks for patient monitoring and targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bienaimé
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Service d'Explorations Fonctionnelles, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Legendre
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Canaud
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Service de Néphrologie Transplantation Adultes, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
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Abstract
Although drug-eluting stents (DES) effectively improve the clinical efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention, a high risk of late stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis also exists after DES implantation. Anti-smooth muscle proliferation drugs, such as rapamycin, coating stents, not only inhibit the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells but also inhibit vascular endothelial cells and delay the reendothelialization. Therefore, the development of an ideal agent that protects vascular endothelial cells from rapamycin-eluting stents is of great importance for the next generation of DES. In this study, we demonstrated that rapamycin significantly inhibited the growth of rat aortic endothelial cells in both dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro. Cell apoptosis was increased and migration was decreased by rapamycin treatments in rat aortic endothelial cells in vitro. Surprisingly, treatment with curcumin, an active ingredient of turmeric, significantly reversed these detrimental effects of rapamycin. Moreover, curcumin increased the expression of vascular nitric oxide synthases (eNOS), which was decreased by rapamycin. Furthermore, caveolin-1, the inhibitor of eNOS, was decreased by curcumin. Knockdown of eNOS by small interfering RNA significantly abrogated the protective effects of curcumin. Taken together, our results suggest that curcumin antagonizes the detrimental effect of rapamycin on aortic endothelial cells in vitro through upregulating eNOS. Therefore, curcumin is a promising combined agent for the rescue of DES-induced reendothelialization delay.
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Tai S, Hu XQ, Peng DQ, Zhou SH, Zheng XL. The roles of autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Cardiol 2016; 211:1-6. [PMID: 26954728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.02.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, which is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism and links to several cellular pathways, impacts vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) survival and function. Activation of autophagy by intercellular and/or extracellular stimuli has protective effects on VSMCs against cell death, while on the contrary, overloading autophagy has been recognized as a deleterious process by excessive self-digestion. Alterations in autophagy has been documented in VSMC in response to various stimuli, resulting in modulation of VSMC functions, including proliferation, migration, matrix secretion, contraction/relaxation, and differentiation. Each of these changes in VSMC functions plays a critical role in the development of vascular diseases. Importantly, emerging evidence demonstrates that autophagy deficiency in VSMCs would contribute to atherosclerosis and restenosis, shedding novel light on therapeutic target of the vascular disorders. Herein, this review summarizes the recent progress associated with the roles of autophagy in VSMC and offers the perspectives to several challenges and future directions for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Tai
- Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Qun Hu
- Dept. of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dao-Quan Peng
- Dept. of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Zhou
- Dept. of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Dept. of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Dept. of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Qin Z, Cui B, Jin J, Song M, Zhou B, Guo H, Qian D, He Y, Huang L. The ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of restenosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 247:142-53. [PMID: 26919560 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1 (UBA1, E1), the apex of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, plays a critical role in protein degradation and in pathological processes. Whether UBA1 participates the development of vascular restenosis remains unknown. This study aims to determine the role of UBA1 in the development of balloon injury induced neointimal formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunostaining and western blots were used to examine the expression of the ubiquitinated protein in the injured carotid after angioplasty. Higher levels of ubiquitinated protein were observed in the neointima. Local delivery of potent chemical UBA1 inhibitor PYR-41 (100 μM) and UBA1 shRNA lentivirus both resulted in a substantial decrease in intimal hyperplasia at 2 weeks and 4 weeks after balloon injury. UBA1 inhibition also reduced Ki-67 positive cell percentage and inflammatory response in the carotid artery wall. We further determined that in vitro UBA1 inhibition was able to ameliorate TNF-α-induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation by reducing IκB degradation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). UBA1 inhibition also led to the accumulation of short-lived proteins such as p53, p21 and c-jun, which may account for the UBA1 inhibition-induced cell cycle delay. Thus, VSMCs proliferation was blocked. CONCLUSIONS UBA1 inhibition effectively suppresses neointimal thickening through its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results provide further evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is a potential new target for the prevention of vascular restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbao Song
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Guo
- Department of General Medicine, Training Base of Medical Service, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehui Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming He
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China.
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