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Wang D, Liu L, Li K, Cao H, Liu M, Chen Q, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Wang T. Eurycoma longifolia alkaloid components ameliorate hyperuricemic nephropathy via regulating serum uric acid level and relieving inflammatory reaction. J Nat Med 2023; 77:867-879. [PMID: 37433989 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease. We have previously showed the uric-acid-lowering effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack, yet the renal protective effect and mechanism of E. longifolia remain obscure. The mouse model of hyperuricemic nephropathy was induced by adenine combined with potassium oxonate in male C57BL/6 J mice. E. Longifolia alkaloid components could reduce the level of serum uric acid by regulating the expression of hepatic phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase (PRPS), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT), and renal urate transporter organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and ATP-binding box subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in HN mice. Additionally, E. Longifolia alkaloid components alleviated renal injury and function caused by hyperuricemia, which was characterized by improving renal histopathology, reducing urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. E. Longifolia alkaloid components treatment could reduce the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathways, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), and regulated activated normal T cell expression and secretion proteins (RANTES). Meanwhile, E. longifolia alkaloid components improved renal fibrosis, inhibited the transformation of calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule E (E-cadherin) to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) transformation, and decreased collagen 1 expression in HN mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Huiya Cao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yuzheng Wu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyang Lake Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Kritmetapak K, Charoensri S, Thaopanya R, Pongchaiyakul C. Elevated Serum Uric Acid is Associated with Rapid Decline in Kidney Function: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:945-953. [PMID: 33122937 PMCID: PMC7591020 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s277957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The long-term impact of changes in serum uric acid (SUA) concentration on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among the general population remains unclear. We investigated the longitudinal associations between changes in SUA and eGFR over 10 years in 1222 participants with baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Methods This was a 10-year retrospective cohort study conducted from 2007 to 2017. Rapid eGFR decline (defined as the highest quartile of change in eGFR between 2007 and 2017) and new-onset kidney disease (defined as an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at a 10-year follow-up) were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, SUA, fasting plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride at baseline. Results SUA was inversely correlated with eGFR, and the slopes of the SUA-eGFR regression lines were consistently steeper in females than males. A significant inverse correlation was also observed between 10-year changes in SUA and eGFR in both sexes. Multivariate analysis showed that every 1 mg/dL increase in SUA from baseline was associated with higher risk of rapid eGFR decline and new-onset kidney disease (OR 1.25; 95% CI 1.14–1.33 and OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.26–1.49, respectively). Furthermore, the subjects in the highest SUA quartile (>6.0 mg/dL) had a 2.45 times higher risk of rapid eGFR decline (95% CI 1.51–3.42) compared to those in the lowest SUA quartile (<3.9 mg/dL). Conclusion Elevated baseline SUA is an independent risk factor for rapid eGFR decline and new-onset kidney disease in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittrawee Kritmetapak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Suranut Charoensri
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Rattrai Thaopanya
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatlert Pongchaiyakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Park B, Park B, Lee HA, Lee S, Han H, Park E, Cho SJ, Kim HS, Kim YJ, Ha EH, Park H. Association between pre-and postnatal growth and longitudinal trends in serum uric acid levels and blood pressure in children aged 3 to 7 years. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:23. [PMID: 31959148 PMCID: PMC6971928 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-1922-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Uric acid has been identified as an important factor in the development of hypertension. If low birth weight (LBW) combined with catch-up growth (CUG) is associated with continuously elevated serum uric acid levels (SUA) level trajectories, LBW children who experience CUG may have an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Therefore, this cohort study analyzed longitudinal trends in SUA levels and changes in blood pressure in relation to pre- and postnatal growth over an extended follow-up period. Methods This prospective cohort study of 364 children from the Ewha Birth and Growth Cohort assessed the effects of pre- and postnatal growth status on SUA at 3, 5, and 7 years of age using a linear mixed model and the change in blood pressure over the 7-year follow-up period using a generalized linear model (analysis of covariance). CUG was defined as a change in weight (between birth and age 3) with a z-score > 0.67 for LBW subjects. The multivariate model considered sex, gestational age, and uric acid, height, and weight at 3 years of age. Results Children with LBW and CUG had higher SUA for the first 7 years of life compared to the normal birth weight group. This trend was particularly evident when comparing LBW children at term to children with normal birth weight. Within the group with LBW at term, children with greater CUG had higher SUA than children with normal birth weight, and this difference increased with age. Changes in the systolic blood pressure between 3 and 7 years of age were higher by 7.9 mmHg in children who experienced LBW and CUG compared with those who had a normal birth weight after adjusting for sex, gestational age, and height, weight, and uric acid at 3 years of age (p-value = 0.08). Conclusions The uric acid levels and changes in systolic blood pressure were consistently higher among LBW children who experienced CUG compared with NBW children for the first 7 years of life. LBW children who experienced greater weight gain from birth to age 3 had even higher uric acid levels compared with NBW children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomi Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.,National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonhwa Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunae Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
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Hu J, Wang D, Wu H, Yang Z, Yang N, Dong J. Long non-coding RNA ANRIL-mediated inflammation response is involved in protective effect of rhein in uric acid nephropathy rats. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:11. [PMID: 30675335 PMCID: PMC6335822 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) antisense non-coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL) in anti-inflammation of rhein in uric acid nephropathy (UAN) rats. Methods Rat models of UAN were induced by adenine and potassium oxonate. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to assess inflammation factor in serum and supernatant. ANRIL mRNA level was detected using real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunostaining was used to observe pathological changes of renal tissues in rats. Results ANRIL and inflammatory factor levels were highly expressed in patient with UAN. Furthermore, rhein showed an observable effect on anti-inflammatory and renal protection in UAN rats, rhein inhibited expressions of ANRIL in vivo or in vitro. Besides, ANRIL-mediated inflammatory response attenuated protective effect of rhein. Conclusions ANRIL-mediated inflammatory response attenuated the protective effect of rhein in UAN rats. This study showed an understanding of the role and mechanism of ANRIL in UAN, which provides a new target and therapy for the prevention and treatment of UAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Hu
- 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Daochun Wang
- 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Hao Wu
- 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- 2Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Na Yang
- 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Junjun Dong
- 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhangzhidong Road, Wuhan, 430060 China
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Lytvyn Y, Har R, Locke A, Lai V, Fong D, Advani A, Perkins BA, Cherney DZI. Renal and Vascular Effects of Uric Acid Lowering in Normouricemic Patients With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2017; 66:1939-1949. [PMID: 28408434 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher plasma uric acid (PUA) levels are associated with lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and higher blood pressure (BP) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to determine the impact of PUA lowering on renal and vascular function in patients with uncomplicated T1D. T1D patients (n = 49) were studied under euglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions at baseline and after PUA lowering with febuxostat (FBX) for 8 weeks. Healthy control subjects were studied under normoglycemic conditions (n = 24). PUA, GFR (inulin), effective renal plasma flow (para-aminohippurate), BP, and hemodynamic responses to an infusion of angiotensin II (assessment of intrarenal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [RAAS]) were measured before and after FBX treatment. Arterial stiffness, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (GMD), urinary nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory markers were measured before and after FBX treatment. Gomez equations were used to estimate arteriolar afferent resistance, efferent resistance (RE), and glomerular hydrostatic pressure (PGLO). FBX had a modest systolic BP-lowering effect in T1D patients (112 ± 10 to 109 ± 9 mmHg, P = 0.049) without impacting arterial stiffness, FMD, GMD, or NO. FBX enhanced the filtration fraction response to hyperglycemia in T1D patients through larger increases in RE, PGLO, and interleukin-18 but without impacting the RAAS. FBX lowered systolic BP and modulated the renal RE responses to hyperglycemia but without impacting the RAAS or NO levels, suggesting that PUA may augment other hemodynamic or inflammatory mechanisms that control the renal response to hyperglycemia at the efferent arteriole. Ongoing outcome trials will determine cardiorenal outcomes of PUA lowering in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Lytvyn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronnie Har
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Locke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vesta Lai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derek Fong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Advani
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lytvyn Y, Perkins BA, Cherney DZI. Uric acid as a biomarker and a therapeutic target in diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2015; 39:239-46. [PMID: 25600084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a long-standing microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in developed countries. Current therapeutic strategies used to prevent or delay diabetic nephropathy exert limited clinical protective effects and can have serious adverse effects. Thus, identification of new pharmacologic agents that protect against the initiation and progression of complications of diabetes is of the utmost importance. Uric acid (UA) recently emerged as an inflammatory factor that increases oxidative stress and promotes activation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. As a consequence, higher UA levels are associated with various stages of the onset and progression of diabetic nephropathy, including metabolic, cardiovascular and kidney function abnormalities. If UA-lowering drugs, such as the xanthine oxidase inhibitors, block the mechanisms responsible for micro- and macrovascular injury in diabetes, these agents could represent a critical step toward preventing the progression of diabetes. This review focuses on the evidence that supports serum UA levels as a biomarker of renal and cardiovascular risk and as a potential additional therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Lytvyn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Rates of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among Indigenous groups in Australia exceed non-Indigenous rates eight-fold. Using kidney volume as a surrogate for nephron number, we carried out a study to determine if Indigenous neonates have a smaller kidney volume (and thus a reduced nephron number) from birth compared with non-Indigenous neonates. We recruited term and preterm neonates (<32 weeks) at a tertiary care neonatal unit over a 12 months period. Preterm neonates were assessed (renal sonography and renal function measurement) at 32 weeks corrected age (CA) and again at 38 weeks CA when blood pressure was also measured. All term neonates were assessed in the first post-natal week, including renal sonography, renal function and blood pressure measurement. The primary outcome measured was total kidney volume (TKV) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was a secondary outcome. Data was available for 44 preterm (11 Indigenous) and 39 term (13 Indigenous) neonates. TKV of Indigenous neonates was significantly lower at 32 weeks [12.0 (2.0) v. 15.4 (5.1) ml; P=0.03] and 38 weeks CA [18.6 (4.0) v. 22.6 (5.9) ml; P=0.04] respectively. Term Indigenous neonates also had smaller kidney volumes compared with non-Indigenous neonates. Despite a smaller kidney volume (and reduced nephron number), Indigenous neonates did not have a significantly lower eGFR. Indigenous neonates achieve similar eGFRs to Non-Indigenous neonates, presumably through a higher single nephron filtration rate. This places Indigenous neonates at a greater risk of long-term kidney damage later in life.
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Lytvyn Y, Škrtić M, Yang GK, Yip PM, Perkins BA, Cherney DZI. Glycosuria-mediated urinary uric acid excretion in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F77-83. [PMID: 25377916 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00555.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma uric acid (PUA) is associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes but is less well understood in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our aim was to compare PUA levels and fractional uric acid excretion (FEUA) in patients with T1D vs. healthy controls (HC) during euglycemia and hyperglycemia. PUA, FEUA, blood pressure (BP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR-inulin), and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF-paraaminohippurate) were evaluated in patients with T1D (n = 66) during clamped euglycemia (glucose 4-6 mmol/l) and hyperglycemia (9-11 mmol/l), and in HC (n = 41) during euglycemia. To separate the effects of hyperglycemia vs. increased glycosuria, parameters were evaluated during clamped euglycemia in a subset of T1D patients before and after sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition for 8 wk. PUA was lower in T1D vs. HC (228 ± 62 vs. 305 ± 75 μmol/l, P < 0.0001). In T1D, hyperglycemia further decreased PUA (228 ± 62 to 199 ± 65 μmol/l, P < 0.0001), which was accompanied by an increase in FEUA (7.3 ± 3.8 to 11.6 ± 6.7, P < 0.0001). In T1D, PUA levels correlated positively with SBP (P = 0.029) and negatively with ERPF (P = 0.031) and GFR (P = 0.028). After induction of glycosuria with SGLT2 inhibition while maintaining clamped euglycemia, PUA decreased (P < 0.0001) and FEUA increased (P < 0.0001). PUA is lower in T1D vs. HC and positively correlates with SBP and negatively with GFR and ERPF in T1D. Glycosuria rather than hyperglycemia increases uricosuria in T1D. Future studies examining the effect of uric acid-lowering therapies should account for the impact of ambient glycemia, which causes an important uricosuric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Lytvyn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marko Škrtić
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary K Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul M Yip
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Bruce A Perkins
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Z I Cherney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
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Wang YP, Chen X, Zhang ZK, Cui HY, Wang P, Wang Y. Effects of a restricted fetal growth environment on human kidney morphology, cell apoptosis and gene expression. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:1028-35. [PMID: 25271252 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314543808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
| | - Zhi-Kun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
| | - Hong-Yan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology Obstetrics, China
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Su J, Wei Y, Liu M, Liu T, Li J, Ji Y, Liang J. Anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects of Rhizoma Dioscoreae septemlobae extracts and its main component dioscin via regulation of mOAT1, mURAT1 and mOCT2 in hypertensive mice. Arch Pharm Res 2014; 37:1336-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0413-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chen L, Lan Z, Lin Q, Mi X, He Y, Wei L, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Deng X. Polydatin ameliorates renal injury by attenuating oxidative stress-related inflammatory responses in fructose-induced urate nephropathic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 52:28-35. [PMID: 23137955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of studies have recently demonstrated that the oxidative stress, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation and the subsequent coordinated inflammatory responses played an important role in the pathogenesis of urate nephropathy (UN). Polydatin has been suggested to have the properties of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective effects. However, the possible protective and beneficial effects of polydatin on UN are not fully elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the potential beneficial effects and possible mechanisms of polydatin on UN. In this study, polydatin showed inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase to repress the level of serum uric acid in vivo and in vitro. Further investigations revealed that polydatin displayed little toxic effects and significantly ameliorated the renal function in fructose-induced UN mice. The nephroprotective activities of polydatin was not only due to the effects on remarkably attenuating the oxidative stress induced by uric acid, but also on markedly suppressing the oxidative stress-related inflammatory cascade, including decreasing the expressions of NF-κB p65, COX-2 and iNOS proteins and inhibiting the productions of TNF-α, PGE(2) and IL-1β. These findings elucidated that polydatin exhibited prominent nephroprotective activities and low toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Shi YW, Wang CP, Wang X, Zhang YL, Liu L, Wang RW, Ye JF, Hu LS, Kong LD. Uricosuric and nephroprotective properties of Ramulus Mori ethanol extract in hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:896-904. [PMID: 22967667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ramulus Mori, the branch of Morus alba, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat gout and hyperuricemia. AIM OF THIS STUDY To evaluate the uricosuric and nephroprotective effects of ethanol extract of Ramulus Mori (ERM) and explore its possible mechanisms in hyperuricemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC analysis was employed to determine the main constituents. Hyperuricemia was induced by potassium oxonate (250 mg/kg) in male mice. ERM (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) was orally administered to hyperuricemic and normal mice for 7 days. Serum and urine levels of uric acid, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Simultaneously, renal mRNA and protein levels of mouse urate transporter 1 (mURAT1), glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (mOAT1) and organic cation/carnitine transporters (mOCT1/2, mOCTN1/2) were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. RESULTS ERM mainly contained mulberroside A, oxyresveratrol, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, resveratrol, 7-hydroxycumarin and morin. ERM significantly reduced serum urate levels and increased 24h-urine urate excretion and fractional excretion of uric acid in hyperuricemic mice. It effectively restored oxonate-induced expression alteration of renal mURAT1, mGLUT9 and mOAT1, resulting in urate excretion enhancement. Moreover, ERM decreased serum creatinine and BUN levels and increased creatinine clearance, and up-regulated expression of mOCT1/2 and mOCTN1/2, contributing to kidney function improvement in this model. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ERM exerts the uricosuric and nephroprotective actions by the regulation of these renal organic ion transporters in hyperuricemic mice, and provide scientific support for the empirical use of Ramulus Mori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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DeBoer MD, Gurka MJ. Ability among adolescents for the metabolic syndrome to predict elevations in factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey 1999-2006. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2010; 8:343-53. [PMID: 20698802 DOI: 10.1089/met.2010.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare currently proposed sets of pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria for the ability to predict elevations in "surrogate" factors that are associated with metabolic syndrome and with future cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These surrogate factors were fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and uric acid. METHODS Waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1c, hsCRP, and uric acid measurements were obtained from 2,624 adolescent (12-18 years old) participants of the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We identified children with metabolic syndrome as defined by six commonly used sets of pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria. We then defined elevations in the surrogate factors as values in the top 5% for the cohort and calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each set of metabolic syndrome criteria and for each surrogate factor. RESULTS Current pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria exhibited variable sensitivity and specificity for surrogate predictions. Metabolic syndrome criteria had the highest sensitivity for predicting fasting insulin (40-70%), followed by uric acid (31-54%), hsCRP (13-31%), and HbA1c (7-21%). The criteria of de Ferranti (which includes children with WC >75(th) percentile, compared to all other sets including children with WC >90(th) percentile) exhibited the highest sensitivity for predicting each of the surrogates, with only modest decrease in specificity compared to the other sets of criteria. However, the de Ferranti criteria also exhibited the lowest PPV values. Conversely, the pediatric International Diabetes Federation criteria exhibited the lowest sensitivity and the highest specificity. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric metabolic syndrome criteria exhibit moderate sensitivity for detecting elevations in surrogate factors associated with metabolic syndrome and with risk for future disease. Inclusion of children with more modestly elevated WC improved sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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Frank H, Graf J, Graf J, Amann-Gassner U, Bratke R, Daniel H, Heemann U, Hauner H. Effect of short-term high-protein compared with normal-protein diets on renal hemodynamics and associated variables in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90:1509-16. [PMID: 19812175 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-protein diets are effective for weight reduction; however, little is known about the potential adverse renal effects of such diets. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to compare the effect of a high-protein (HP) with a normal-protein (NP) diet on renal hemodynamics and selected clinical-chemical factors. DESIGN We prospectively studied the effect of an HP diet (2.4 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) with that of an NP diet (1.2 g x kg(-1) x d(-1)) on the glomerular filtration rate (assessed on the basis of sinistrin-an inulin analog-clearance) and renal plasma flow (para-aminohippuric acid clearance) by using the constant infusion technique. Filtration fraction and renal vascular resistance were calculated. Twenty-four healthy young men followed the 2 diet protocols for 7 d each in a crossover design. They were individually advised by a dietitian to achieve the planned protein intake by selecting normal foods under isocaloric conditions. Serum and urinary variables and renal hemodynamics were measured on day 7 of both diets. RESULTS The glomerular filtration rate (NP: 125 +/- 5 mL/min; HP: 141 +/- 8 mL/min; P < 0.001) and filtration fraction (NP: 23 +/- 5%; HP: 28 +/- 5%; P < 0.05) increased significantly with the HP diet. Renal plasma flow was not significantly different between the HP (496 +/- 25 mL/min) and NP (507 +/- 18 mL/min) phases. Renal vascular resistance was not significantly different between the NP (94 +/- 6 mm Hg x mL(-1) x min(-1)) and HP (99 +/- 8 mm Hg x mL(-1) x min(-1)) phases. Blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, glucagon, natriuresis, urinary albumin, and urea excretion increased significantly with the HP diet. CONCLUSIONS A short-term HP diet alters renal hemodynamics and renal excretion of uric acid, sodium, and albumin. More attention should be paid to the potential adverse renal effects of HP diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Frank
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Daoussis D, Panoulas V, Toms T, John H, Antonopoulos I, Nightingale P, Douglas KMJ, Klocke R, Kitas GD. Uric acid is a strong independent predictor of renal dysfunction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2009; 11:R116. [PMID: 19630964 PMCID: PMC2745798 DOI: 10.1186/ar2775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent evidence suggests that uric acid (UA), regardless of crystal deposition, may play a direct pathogenic role in renal disease. We have shown that UA is an independent predictor of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), and that CVD risk factors associate with renal dysfunction, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we investigated whether UA associates with renal dysfunction in patients with RA and whether such an association is independent or mediated through other comorbidities or risk factors for renal impairment. Methods Renal function was assessed in 350 consecutive RA patients by estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the six-variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. Risk factors for renal dysfunction were recorded or measured in all participants. Linear regression was used to test the independence of the association between GFR and UA. Results Univariable analysis revealed significant associations between GFR and age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, RA duration and UA. UA had the most powerful association with renal dysfunction (r = -0.45, P < 0.001). A basic model was created, incorporating all of the above parameters along with body mass index and gender. UA ranked as the first correlate of GFR (P < 0.001) followed by age. Adjustments for the use of medications (diuretics, low-dose aspirin, cyclooxygenase II inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and further adjustment for markers of inflammation and insulin resistance did not change the results. Conclusions UA is a strong correlate of renal dysfunction in RA patients. Further studies are needed to address the exact causes and clinical implications of this new finding. RA patients with elevated UA may require screening for renal dysfunction and appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Daoussis
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Pensnett Road, Dudley, West Midlands, UK.
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The association between fetal and postnatal growth status and serum levels of uric acid in children at 3 years of age. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:403-8. [PMID: 19214166 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2009.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that uric acid plays a causal role in the development of hypertension in relation to birth weight. The aim of the study was to elucidate the effect of prenatal and/or postnatal growth status on serum uric acid levels in children at 3 years of age. METHODS A total of 178 children from the birth cohort at Ewha Womans University Hospital were followed. Anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and serum uric acid were measured at 3 years of age. RESULTS The level of serum uric acid was significantly higher in hypertensive children (3.8 mg/dl) than in nonhypertensive children (3.4 mg/dl). Preterm birth and lower placental weight were the preterm factors significantly associated with increased serum uric acid in early childhood. In addition, current weight, body mass index, and change-in-weight s.d. score from birth to current were also associated with serum uric acid level. Both the first- and fourth-quartile groups for weight and weight gain presented higher levels of serum uric acid. We found that the highest uric acid level belonged to the group of preterm or low birth weight (LBW) and higher change in weight s.d. score. Children who were born at full term or with a normal birth weight and lower change in weight s.d. score had the lowest serum uric acid levels. CONCLUSION Preterm birth and a subsequent high rate of postnatal weight gain are risk factors for increased serum uric acid levels in early childhood.
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an enzymatically active homologue of angiotensin-converting enzyme that degrades angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and other peptides. Recent studies have shown that under pathologic conditions, ACE2 expression in the kidney is altered. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies dealing with pharmacologic interventions that modulate ACE2 expression. ACE2 amplification may have a potential therapeutic role for kidney disease and hypertension.
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Weiner DE, Tighiouart H, Elsayed EF, Griffith JL, Salem DN, Levey AS. Uric acid and incident kidney disease in the community. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1204-11. [PMID: 18337481 PMCID: PMC2396939 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Uric acid may mediate aspects of the relationship between hypertension and kidney disease via renal vasoconstriction and systemic hypertension. To investigate the relationship between uric acid and subsequent reduced kidney function, limited-access data of 13,338 participants with intact kidney function in two community-based cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risks in Communities and the Cardiovascular Health Study, were pooled. Mean baseline serum uric acid was 5.9 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, mean baseline serum creatinine was 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, and mean baseline estimated GFR was 90.4 +/- 19.4 ml/min/1.73 m(2). During 8.5 +/- 0.9 yr of follow-up, 712 (5.6%) had incident kidney disease defined by GFR decrease (>or=15 ml/min/1.73 m(2) with final GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)), while 302 (2.3%) individuals had incident kidney disease defined by creatinine increase (>or=0.4 mg/dl with final serum creatinine >1.4 mg/dl in men and 1.2 mg/dl in women). In GFR- and creatinine-based logistic regression models, baseline uric acid level was associated with increased risk for incident kidney disease (odds ratio 1.07 [95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.14] and 1.11 [95% confidence interval 1.02 to 1.21] per 1-mg/dl increase in uric acid, respectively), after adjustment for age, gender, race, diabetes, systolic BP, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, alcohol use, education, lipids, albumin, hematocrit, baseline kidney function and cohort; therefore, elevated serum uric acid level is a modest, independent risk factor for incident kidney disease in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Ritz E. Cardiovascular Literature—Beyond Nephrology. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2008. [DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abeles AM, Park JY, Pillinger MH, Cronstein BN. Update on gout: Pathophysiology and potential treatments. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2007; 11:440-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-007-0231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Panoulas VF, Douglas KMJ, Milionis HJ, Nightingale P, Kita MD, Klocke R, Metsios GS, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Elisaf MS, Kitas GD. Serum uric acid is independently associated with hypertension in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Hum Hypertens 2007; 22:177-82. [PMID: 17960169 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is highly prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum uric acid (SUA) has been associated with HT in the general population. The mutual exclusion of gout and RA, and the systemic inflammatory component of RA may alter this association in this patient population. We explored a potential association between SUA levels and HT in RA and evaluated whether this association is independent of HT risk factors, RA characteristics and relevant drugs. A total of 400 consecutive RA patients were assessed. SUA and complete biochemical profile were measured. Demographic, HT-related factors, RA characteristics and drugs were assessed as potential covariates. Results were analysed using binary logistic models to test the independence of the association between SUA and HT. SUA levels were higher in hypertensive compared to normotensive RA patients (5.44+/-1.6 mg dl(-1) (323.57+/-95.17 micromol l(-1)) vs 4.56+/-1.1 mg dl(-1) (271.23+/-65.43 micromol l(-1)), P<0.001). When adjusted for HT risk factors, renal function, RA characteristics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, oral prednisolone, cyclosporine, leflunomide and low-dose aspirin, the odds of being a hypertensive RA patient per 1 mg dl(-1)(59.48 micromol l(-1)) SUA increase were significantly increased: OR=1.59 (95% CI: 1.21-2.1, P=0.001). This was also significant for the subgroup of patients who were not on diuretics (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.1-2.05; P=0.011). This cross-sectional study suggests that SUA levels are independently associated with HT in RA patients. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to confirm and further explore the causes and implications of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- V F Panoulas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
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