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Tsuge M, Uda K, Eitoku T, Matsumoto N, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H. Roles of Oxidative Injury and Nitric Oxide System Derangements in Kawasaki Disease Pathogenesis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15450. [PMID: 37895129 PMCID: PMC10607378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile vasculitis that occurs mostly in children younger than five years. KD involves multiple intricately connected inflammatory reactions activated by a cytokine cascade. Despite therapeutic advances, coronary artery damage may develop in some patients, who will be at risk of clinical cardiovascular events and even sudden death. The etiology of KD remains unclear; however, it may involve both genetic and environmental factors leading to aberrant inflammatory responses. Given the young age of onset, prenatal or perinatal exposure may be etiologically relevant. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a post-infectious hyper-inflammatory disorder associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has features that overlap with those of KD. Available evidence indicates that vascular endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the sequence of events leading to the development of cardiovascular lesions in KD. Oxidative stress and the dysregulation of the nitric oxide (NO) system contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses related to this disease. This review provides current evidence and concepts highlighting the adverse effects of oxidative injury and NO system derangements on the initiation and progression of KD and potential therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular pathologies in affected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Kazuhiro Uda
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
| | - Takahiro Eitoku
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701-0192, Japan;
| | - Naomi Matsumoto
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takashi Yorifuji
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (N.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (K.U.); (H.T.)
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Verma N, Despa F. The association between renal accumulation of pancreatic amyloid-forming amylin and renal hypoxia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1104662. [PMID: 36875454 PMCID: PMC9978768 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1104662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing worldwide and is associated with diabetic states (obesity, prediabetes and type-2 diabetes mellitus). The kidney is intrinsically susceptible to low oxygen (hypoxia) and renal hypoxia plays a vital role in the progression of CKD. Recent studies suggest an association between CKD and renal deposition of amyloid-forming amylin secreted from the pancreas. Renal accumulation of amyloid-forming amylin is associated with hypertension, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of hypoxia signaling in the kidney. In this review we will discuss potential associations between renal amylin amyloid accumulation, hypertension, and mechanism of hypoxia-induced kidney dysfunction, including activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Honda M, Tsuboi A, Minato-Inokawa S, Takeuchi M, Kurata M, Yamamoto A, Hirota Y, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Elevated Blood Pressure (≥120/80 mmHg) Is Associated with Elevated Serum Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Low Birth Weight, and Family History of Diabetes in Young Normal Weight Japanese Women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2021; 20:88-93. [PMID: 34978864 DOI: 10.1089/met.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We examined whether elevated blood pressure (BP) (≥120/80 mmHg) was associated with several anthropometric, metabolic, and clinical variables, including the family history of type 2 diabetes (FHD) and low birth weight, in young normal weight Japanese women. Methods: BP, body composition, and fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, and adipokines were measured in 332 young Japanese women. They received a questionnaire on birth weight and FHD. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was 2.4% and that of positive FHD was 22.9%. Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance averaged <1.5 and did not differ cross-sectionally between 32 women with elevated BP and 300 women with normal BP although mean body mass index was higher in the former than in the latter (21.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2 vs. 20.8 ± 2.2 kg/m2, P = 0.02). Women with elevated BP had higher fat mass index (P = 0.02) and trunk fat percentage (P = 0.04). They had lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 (both P = 0.01) while fasting triglycerides and apolipoprotein B did not differ. In addition, they had higher plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of low birth weight (9.4% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.03) and positive FHD (40.6% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.01) was higher in women with elevated BP. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that elevated BP was independently associated with PAI-1 [odds ratio (OR); 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.08, P = 0.001], low birth weight (OR: 12.3, 95% CI: 2.3-67.3, P = 0.04), and FHD (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.3-7.9, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Elevated BP was associated with positive FHD, low birth weight, and elevated serum PAI-1 in young normal weight Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuboi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Akane Yamamoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yushi Hirota
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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4
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Taniguchi A, Tsuge M, Miyahara N, Tsukahara H. Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101537. [PMID: 34679673 PMCID: PMC8533053 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system is continuously exposed to endogenous and exogenous oxidants. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema) and declining pulmonary function. It is increasingly obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the progression and amplification of the inflammatory responses related to this disease. First, we described the association between cigarette smoking, the most representative exogenous oxidant, and COPD and then presented the multiple pathophysiological aspects of ROS and antioxidative defense systems in the development and progression of COPD. Second, the relationship between nitric oxide system (endothelial) dysfunction and oxidative stress has been discussed. Third, we have provided data on the use of these biomarkers in the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in COPD and its progression and presented an overview of oxidative stress biomarkers having clinical applications in respiratory medicine, including those in exhaled breath, as per recent observations. Finally, we explained the findings of recent clinical and experimental studies evaluating the efficacy of antioxidative interventions for COPD. Future breakthroughs in antioxidative therapy may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Taniguchi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Mitsuru Tsuge
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Nobuaki Miyahara
- Department of Medical Technology, Okayama University Academic Field of Health Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Academic Field of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Banach M, Hosseinzadeh H. Quercetin and metabolic syndrome: A review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5352-5364. [PMID: 34101925 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of diseases that lead to mortality due to the development of cardiovascular problems. Quercetin, as an important flavonoid, has various properties such as decreasing blood pressure, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia, anti-oxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and cardio-protective effects. In this review article, we collected original articles from different sources such as Google Scholar, Medline, Scopus, and Pubmed, which is related to the effect of quercetin on the improvement of the signs of MetS, including elevated glucose level, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and blood pressure. According to these data, quercetin may also have a role in the management of metabolic disorders via different mechanisms such as increasing adiponectin, decreasing leptin, anti-oxidant activity, reduction of insulin resistance, the elevation of insulin level, and blocking of calcium channel. We have attempted to make some recommendations on the quercetin application in patients. However, it needs to do further clinical trials and more investigations to show the real clinical value of quercetin on metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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6
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Denkl B, Cordasic N, Huebner H, Menendez-Castro C, Schmidt M, Mocker A, Woelfle J, Hartner A, Fahlbusch FB. No evidence of the unfolded protein response in the placenta of two rodent models of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:449-463. [PMID: 33955453 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preeclampsia (PE) are associated with induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and increased placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Especially in PE, oxidative stress occurs relative to the severity of maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU) of the placental bed. On the premise that understanding the mechanisms of placental dysfunction could lead to targeted therapeutic options for human IUGR and PE, we investigated the roles of the placental UPR and oxidative stress in two rodent models of these human gestational pathologies. We employed a rat IUGR model of gestational maternal protein restriction, as well as an endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mouse model (eNOS-/-) of PE/IUGR. Placental expression of UPR members was analyzed via qRT-PCR (Grp78, Calnexin, Perk, Chop, Atf6, and Ern1), immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting (Calnexin, ATF6, GRP78, CHOP, phospho-eIF2α, and phospho-IRE1). Oxidative stress was determined via Western blotting (3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal). Both animal models showed a significant reduction of fetal and placental weight. These effects did not induce placental UPR. In contrast to human data, results from our rodent models suggest retention of placental plasticity in the setting of ER stress under an adverse gestational environment. Oxidative stress was significantly increased only in female IUGR rat placentas, suggesting a sexually dimorphic response to maternal malnutrition. Our study advances understanding of the involvement of the placental UPR in IUGR and PE. Moreover, it emphasizes the appropriate choice of animal models researching various aspects of these pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Denkl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nada Cordasic
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hanna Huebner
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Menendez-Castro
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marius Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Mocker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Erlangen University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Hartner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian B Fahlbusch
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Bukhari IA, Alorainey BI, Al-Motrefi AA, Mahmoud A, Campbell WB, Hammock BD. 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, lowers L-NAME-induced hypertension through suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme in rats. EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:8143-8150. [PMID: 32767352 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the efficacy of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor, TPPU on chronic NG-Nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in rats and its effects on plasma Angiotensin II (Ang II), cardiac Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) expressions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups. Two groups served as control and received orally either vehicle or TPPU (3 mg/kg) for five weeks. The other three groups were given L-NAME (50 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for five weeks. Two weeks after the L-NAME treatment, animals received orally either saline or TPPU (3 mg/kg/day) or lisinopril (10 mg/kg/day) daily for 3 weeks. Blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly. At the end of the experiment, plasma Ang II, cardiac ACE and AT1R protein and gene expressions were determined. RESULTS L-NAME caused a significant increase in BP of the animals. TPPU and lisinopril resulted in normalization of L-NAME-induced hypertension. They also caused a significant reduction in Ang II and ACE protein and gene expressions compared to L-NAME and vehicle-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that TPPU effectively lowers L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. The mechanism of its antihypertensive effect is likely mediated by the suppression of ACE gene and protein expression, leading to a lower Ang II level.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bukhari
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Morrow GB, Whyte CS, Mutch NJ. A Serpin With a Finger in Many PAIs: PAI-1's Central Function in Thromboinflammation and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:653655. [PMID: 33937363 PMCID: PMC8085275 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.653655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor (serpin) superfamily. PAI-1 is the principal inhibitor of the plasminogen activators, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). Turbulence in the levels of PAI-1 tilts the balance of the hemostatic system resulting in bleeding or thrombotic complications. Not surprisingly, there is strong evidence that documents the role of PAI-1 in cardiovascular disease. The more recent uncovering of the coalition between the hemostatic and inflammatory pathways has exposed a distinct role for PAI-1. The storm of proinflammatory cytokines liberated during inflammation, including IL-6 and TNF-α, directly influence PAI-1 synthesis and increase circulating levels of this serpin. Consequently, elevated levels of PAI-1 are commonplace during infection and are frequently associated with a hypofibrinolytic state and thrombotic complications. Elevated PAI-1 levels are also a feature of metabolic syndrome, which is defined by a cluster of abnormalities including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and elevated triglyceride. Metabolic syndrome is in itself defined as a proinflammatory state associated with elevated levels of cytokines. In addition, insulin has a direct impact on PAI-1 synthesis bridging these pathways. This review describes the key physiological functions of PAI-1 and how these become perturbed during disease processes. We focus on the direct relationship between PAI-1 and inflammation and the repercussion in terms of an ensuing hypofibrinolytic state and thromboembolic complications. Collectively, these observations strengthen the utility of PAI-1 as a viable drug target for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gael B Morrow
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire S Whyte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Mutch
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Fan L, Gao W, Liu Y, Jefferson JR, Fan F, Roman RJ. Knockout of γ-Adducin Promotes N G-Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl-Ester-Induced Hypertensive Renal Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:189-198. [PMID: 33414130 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified a region on chromosome 1 associated with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) hypertension-induced renal disease in fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats. This region contains a mutant γ-adducin (Add3) gene that impairs renal blood flow (RBF) autoregulation, but its contribution to renal injury is unknown. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that knockout (KO) of Add3 impairs the renal vasoconstrictor response to the blockade of nitric oxide synthase and enhances hypertension-induced renal injury after chronic administration of L-NAME plus a high-salt diet. The acute hemodynamic effect of L-NAME and its chronic effects on hypertension and renal injury were compared in FHH 1Brown Norway (FHH 1BN) congenic rats (WT) expressing wild-type Add3 gene versus FHH 1BN Add3 KO rats. RBF was well autoregulated in WT rats but impaired in Add3 KO rats. Acute administration of L-NAME (10 mg/kg) raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly in both strains, but RBF and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell by 38% in WT versus 15% in Add3 KO rats. MAP increased similarly in both strains after chronic administration of L-NAME and a high-salt diet; however, proteinuria and renal injury were greater in Add3 KO rats than in WT rats. Surprisingly, RBF, GFR, and glomerular capillary pressure were 41%, 82%, and 13% higher in L-NAME-treated Add3 KO rats than in WT rats. Hypertensive Add3 KO rats exhibited greater loss of podocytes and glomerular nephrin expression and increased interstitial fibrosis than in WT rats. These findings indicate that loss of ADD3 promotes L-NAME-induced renal injury by altering renal hemodynamics and enhancing the transmission of pressure to glomeruli. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A mutation in the γ-adducin (Add3) gene in fawn-hooded hypertensive rats that impairs autoregulation of renal blood flow is in a region of rat chromosome 1 homologous to a locus on human chromosome 10 associated with diabetic nephropathy. The present results indicate that loss of ADD3 enhanced NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive renal injury by altering the transmission of pressure to the glomerulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenjun Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joshua R Jefferson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Cavalcante GL, Ferreira FN, da Silva MTB, Soriano RN, Filho ALMM, Arcanjo DDR, Sabino JPJ. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition prevents alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control and gastric motility in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2020; 256:117915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Domingos-Souza G, Santos-Almeida FM, Meschiari CA, Ferreira NS, Pereira CA, Martinez D, Dias DPM, Silva LEV, Castania JA, Tostes RC, Fazan R. Electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus lowers arterial pressure and improves heart rate variability in L-NAME hypertensive conscious rats. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:1057-1067. [PMID: 32358534 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of long-term (48 h) electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus (CS) in hypertensive rats. L-NAME-treated (10 days) Wistar rats were implanted with a catheter in the femoral artery and a miniaturized electrical stimulator attached to electrodes positioned around the left CS, encompassing the CS nerve. One day after implantation, arterial pressure (AP) was directly recorded in conscious animals for 60 min. Square pulses (1 ms, 3 V, 30 Hz) were applied intermittently (20/20 s ON/OFF) to the CS for 48 h. After the end of stimulation, AP was recorded again. Nonstimulated rats (control group) and rats without electrodes around the CS (sham-operated) were also studied. Next, the animals were decapitated, and segments of mesenteric resistance arteries were removed to study vascular function. After the stimulation period, AP was 16 ± 5 mmHg lower in the stimulated group, whereas sham-operated and control rats showed similar AP between the first and second recording periods. Heart rate variability (HRV) evaluated using time and frequency domain tools and a nonlinear approach (symbolic analysis) suggested that hypertensive rats with electrodes around the CS, stimulated or not, exhibited a shift in cardiac sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic tone. The relaxation response to acetylcholine in endothelium-intact mesenteric arteries was enhanced in rats that underwent CS stimulation for 48 h. In conclusion, long-term CS stimulation is effective in reducing AP levels, improving HRV and increasing mesenteric vascular relaxation in L-NAME hypertensive rats. Moreover, only the presence of electrodes around the CS is effective in eliciting changes in HRV similar to those observed in stimulated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean Domingos-Souza
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | | | - César Arruda Meschiari
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Health and Sports Science Center, Federal University of Acre, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
| | - Nathanne S Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila A Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diana Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | | | - Luiz Eduardo Virgílio Silva
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaci Airton Castania
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Tata CM, Sewani-Rusike CR, Oyedeji OO, Mahlakata F, Shauli M, Nkeh-Chungag BN. Senecio serratuloides extract prevents the development of hypertension, oxidative stress and dyslipidemia in nitric oxide-deficient rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 17:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2018-0073/jcim-2018-0073.xml. [PMID: 32045353 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2018-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a silent killer with no obvious signs and symptoms; thus, it is crucial to prevent its development. Oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia are associated risk factors for developing hypertension. This study aimed at investigating the role of a crude extract of Senecio serratuloides in preventing the development of hypertension, oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in a rat model of nitric oxide deficiency. Methods Female Wistar rats were co-treated with Nω-Nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (40 mg/kg) and the hydroethanolic extract of S. Serratuloides (HESS150 or HESS300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. Twenty-hour urine samples were collected weekly during the study. At the end of the study serum, heart and kidneys were harvested for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results The higher dose (300 mg/kg) of the extract was more effective in preventing increase in systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic (p<0.05) blood pressure. At the end of the treatment period HESS300 treated rats had significantly (p<0.01) higher concentration of creatinine (91.24 ± 6 mg/dL) in urine and significantly (6.36 ± 0.4 mg/24 h; 0.001) lower proteinuria compared to L-NAME control rats (55.75 ± 8 mg/dL and 18.92 ± 2 mg/24 h, respectively). Creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate were lower in the L-NAME control group compared to all treatment groups. HESS300 prevented L-NAME-induced decrease in serum angiotensin II concentration, significantly decreased malondialdehyde concentration in serum (p<0.05) and kidneys (p<0.001). It also significantly (p<0.001) decreased low-density lipoprotein concentration while increasing the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It showed cardio- and reno-protective effects and significantly (p<0.01) prevented collagen deposition in these target organs. Conclusion These findings demonstrate the potential of S. Serratuloides in protecting rats from developing hypertension, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Constance Rufaro Sewani-Rusike
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
| | - Opeopluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | | | - Mathulo Shauli
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, p/bag x1,NMD Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa
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Tata CM, Ndinteh D, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Oyedeji OO, Sewani-Rusike CR. Fractionation and bioassay-guided isolation of antihypertensive components of Senecio serratuloides. COGENT MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2020.1716447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Mungho Tata
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University Mthatha 5117 South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Derek Ndinteh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg Johannesburg South Africa
| | | | - Opeopluwa Oyehan Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare PBX1314 Alice Eastern Cape Province 5700 South Africa
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Lerman LO, Kurtz TW, Touyz RM, Ellison DH, Chade AR, Crowley SD, Mattson DL, Mullins JJ, Osborn J, Eirin A, Reckelhoff JF, Iadecola C, Coffman TM. Animal Models of Hypertension: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2019; 73:e87-e120. [PMID: 30866654 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, yet the precise cause of elevated blood pressure often cannot be determined. Animal models have been useful for unraveling the pathogenesis of hypertension and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. The utility of animal models for improving the understanding of the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of hypertension and its comorbidities depends on their validity for representing human forms of hypertension, including responses to therapy, and on the quality of studies in those models (such as reproducibility and experimental design). Important unmet needs in this field include the development of models that mimic the discrete hypertensive syndromes that now populate the clinic, resolution of ongoing controversies in the pathogenesis of hypertension, and the development of new avenues for preventing and treating hypertension and its complications. Animal models may indeed be useful for addressing these unmet needs.
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Belisário AR, da Silva AAS, Silva CVM, de Souza LMG, Wakabayashi EA, Araújo SDA, Simoes-e-Silva AC. Sickle cell disease nephropathy: an update on risk factors and potential biomarkers in pediatric patients. Biomark Med 2019; 13:967-987. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major chronic complications of sickle cell disease (SCD) is sickle cell nephropathy. The aim of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology, natural history, clinical manifestations, risk factors, biomarkers and therapeutic approaches for sickle cell nephropathy, focusing on studies with pediatric patients. The earliest manifestation of renal disease is an increase in the glomerular filtration rate. A finding that may also be observed in early childhood is microalbuminuria. Nephrin, KIM-1, VGFs, chemokines and renin-angiotensin system molecules have emerged as potential early markers of renal dysfunction in SCD. In regards to a therapeutic approach, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers seem to be effective for the control of albuminuria in adults with SCD, although new studies in children are needed. The precise moment to begin renoprotection in SCD patients who should be treated remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Belisário
- Centro de Tecidos Biológicos de Minas Gerais, Fundação Hemominas, Rua das Goiabeiras, 779, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais 33400-000, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ariadna AS da Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Cristiane VM Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Larissa MG de Souza
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Eduarda A Wakabayashi
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Stanley de A Araújo
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Ana C Simoes-e-Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30130-100, Brazil
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Ding L, Cheng P, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang YX, Cai GW, Huang GY, Gao S. The protective effects of polysaccharide extract from Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on Ang II-induced HUVECs injury, L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:127. [PMID: 31196042 PMCID: PMC6567637 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula, which has been reported to exert effective protection against cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and myocarditis. Methods Cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and different concentrations of aqueous layer extracts (AqE). Subsequently nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were detected. In addition, fifty Kunming mice were randomized into control, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAME+AqE, L-NAME+XJEK and L-NAME+fosinopril treatment groups. Following 8 weeks of treatment, the cardiac hemodynamic index was measured, relaxation of the aorta was examined and pathological changes were observed. Colorimetric analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to determine the relevant indicators in plasma and cardiac tissues. Results The in vitro study results demonstrated that AqE could preserve endothelial function (NO, 21.05 ± 2.03 vs. 8.64 ± 0.59; eNOS, 1.08 ± 0.17 vs.0.73 ± 0.06). In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that compared with the control group, treatment with AqE could enhance a high hemodynamic state (left ventricular systolic pressure, 116.76 ± 9.96 vs.114.5 ± 15.16), improve endothelial function (NO, 7.98 ± 9.64 vs. 1.66 ± 3.11; eNOS, 19.78 ± 3.18 vs.19.38 ± 3.85), suppress oxidative stress (OS) (superoxide dismutase, 178.17 ± 13.78 vs. 159.38 ± 18.86; malondialdehyde, 0.77 ± 0.13 vs.1.25 ± 0.36) and reverse cardiovascular remodeling. Conclusion Polysaccharide from XJEK exerts protective effects against Ang II-induced injury in HUVECs and L-NAME-induced hypertension in mice and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to improving endothelial dysfunction, OS and the inflammation status in mice.
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Protective effect of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang on cardiovascular remodeling in high salt-induced hypertensive mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:1551-1562. [PMID: 30783421 PMCID: PMC6364186 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) on high salt-induced hypertensive mice. Mice with high-salt diet-induced hypertension were divided into four groups: Control (standard diet alone for 8 weeks), model (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks and intragastric administration of distilled water for the last 4 weeks), XJEK + high-salt-treated (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks and intragastric administration of XJEK for the last 4 weeks) and irbesartan + high-salt-treated (diet containing 8% NaCl for 8 weeks with intragastric administration of irbesartan for the last 4 weeks). The hemodynamic index and cardiac pathological changes in the hypertensive mice were then examined. An aortic ring apparatus was used to detect acetylcholine-dependent endothelium relaxation function. Colorimetric analysis was applied to determine serum nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde content; ELISA was employed to measure brain natriuretic peptide, serum angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 content and aldosterone; and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in cardiac tissues. XJEK improved the heart systolic and diastolic function, ameliorated hemodynamic parameters and cardiovascular remodeling indices, blunted the cardiac pathological changes and improved endothelial dysfunction (ED) via boosting eNOS activity, promoting NO bioavailability and decreasing serum Ang II content. Furthermore, treatment with XJEK inhibited the increase of IL-1β and TNF-α expression and the decrease of IL-10 expression in cardiac tissues, and ameliorated oxidative stress status. Therefore, XJEK exerted protective effects against high salt-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in mice via improving ED, restoring pro- and anti-inflammatory factor balance and decreasing oxidative stress.
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Beaini S, Saliba Y, Hajal J, Smayra V, Bakhos JJ, Joubran N, Chelala D, Fares N. VEGF-C attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9616-9630. [PMID: 30378108 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salt-sensitive hypertension is a major risk factor for renal impairment leading to chronic kidney disease. High-salt diet leads to hypertonic skin interstitial volume retention enhancing the activation of the tonicity-responsive enhancer-binding protein (TonEBP) within macrophages leading to vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) secretion and NOS3 modulation. This promotes skin lymphangiogenesis and blood pressure regulation. Whether VEGF-C administration enhances renal and skin lymphangiogenesis and attenuates renal damage in salt-sensitive hypertension remains to be elucidated. Hypertension was induced in BALB/c mice by a high-salt diet. VEGF-C was administered subcutaneously to high-salt-treated mice as well as control animals. Analyses of kidney injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and biochemical markers were performed in vivo. VEGF-C reduced plasma inflammatory markers in salt-treated mice. In addition, VEGF-C exhibited a renal anti-inflammatory effect with the induction of macrophage M2 phenotype, followed by reductions in interstitial fibrosis. Antioxidant enzymes within the kidney as well as urinary RNA/DNA damage markers were all revelatory of abolished oxidative stress under VEGF-C. Furthermore, VEGF-C decreased the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio and blood pressure as well as glomerular and tubular damages. These improvements were associated with enhanced TonEBP, NOS3, and lymphangiogenesis within the kidney and skin. Our data show that VEGF-C administration plays a major role in preserving renal histology and reducing blood pressure. VEGF-C might constitute an interesting potential therapeutic target for improving renal remodeling in salt-sensitive hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadia Beaini
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youakim Saliba
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joelle Hajal
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Viviane Smayra
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jules-Joel Bakhos
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Joubran
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Saint Georges Hospital, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dania Chelala
- Divisions of Nephrology and Anatomopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Physiology and Pathophysiology Research Laboratory, Pole of Technology and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Márquez-Ramírez CA, Hernández de la Paz JL, Ortiz-Avila O, Raya-Farias A, González-Hernández JC, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Salgado-Garciglia R, Saavedra-Molina A, Godínez-Hernández D, Cortés-Rojo C. Comparative effects of avocado oil and losartan on blood pressure, renal vascular function, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. Nutrition 2018; 54:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Emans TW, Janssen BJ, Joles JA, Krediet CP. Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Induces Renal Medullary Hypoxia in Conscious Rats. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009501. [PMID: 30371226 PMCID: PMC6201463 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal hypoxia, implicated as crucial factor in onset and progression of chronic kidney disease, may be attributed to reduced nitric oxide because nitric oxide dilates vasculature and inhibits mitochondrial oxygen consumption. We hypothesized that chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition would induce renal hypoxia. Methods and Results Oxygen-sensitive electrodes, attached to telemeters, were implanted in either renal cortex (n=6) or medulla (n=7) in rats. After recovery and stabilization, baseline oxygenation ( pO 2) was recorded for 1 week. To inhibit nitric oxide synthase, N-ω-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA; 40 mg/kg/day) was administered via drinking water for 2 weeks. A separate group (n=8), instrumented with blood pressure telemeters, followed the same protocol. L-NNA rapidly induced hypertension (165±6 versus 108±3 mm Hg; P<0.001) and proteinuria (79±12 versus 17±2 mg/day; P<0.001). Cortical pO 2, after initially dipping, returned to baseline and then increased. Medullary pO 2 decreased progressively (up to -19±6% versus baseline; P<0.05). After 14 days of L-NNA, amplitude of diurnal medullary pO 2 was decreased (3.7 [2.2-5.3] versus 7.9 [7.5-8.4]; P<0.01), whereas amplitudes of blood pressure and cortical pO 2 were unaltered. Terminal glomerular filtration rate (1374±74 versus 2098±122 μL/min), renal blood flow (5014±336 versus 9966±905 μL/min), and sodium reabsorption efficiency (13.0±0.8 versus 22.8±1.7 μmol/μmol) decreased (all P<0.001). Conclusions For the first time, we show temporal development of renal cortical and medullary oxygenation during chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in unrestrained conscious rats. Whereas cortical pO 2 shows transient changes, medullary pO 2 decreased progressively. Chronic L-NNA leads to decreased renal perfusion and sodium reabsorption efficiency, resulting in progressive medullary hypoxia, suggesting that juxtamedullary nephrons are potentially vulnerable to prolonged nitric oxide depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja W. Emans
- Internal Medicine‐NephrologyAmsterdam UMC / Academic Medical Centre at the University of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ben J. Janssen
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyMaastricht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Nephrology and HypertensionUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - C.T. Paul Krediet
- Internal Medicine‐NephrologyAmsterdam UMC / Academic Medical Centre at the University of AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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Robles-Vera I, Toral M, de la Visitación N, Sánchez M, Romero M, Olivares M, Jiménez R, Duarte J. The Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum
Prevents Dysbiosis and Vascular Oxidative Stress in Rats with Hypertension Induced by Chronic Nitric Oxide Blockade. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800298. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Robles-Vera
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
| | | | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada; 18012 Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada; 18012 Granada Spain
| | - Mónica Olivares
- Laboratorio de Descubrimiento y Preclínica; Departamento de Investigación BIOSEARCH S.A.; 18004 Granada Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada; 18012 Granada Spain
- CIBERCV; 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; University of Granada; 18071 Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada; 18012 Granada Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomedicas (CIBM); 18100 Granada Spain
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Sekerci R, Acar N, Tepekoy F, Ustunel I, Keles-Celik N. Apelin/APJ expression in the heart and kidneys of hypertensive rats. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:196-204. [PMID: 29395316 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is an important health problem that is manifested by systemic arterial blood pressure being permanently elevated and leading to serious complications. Hypertension is the basis for coronary heart diseases, heart failure, kidney damage, cerebrovascular diseases. Due to ethical concerns, there is no detailed study of the mechanism, side effects and treatment of hypertension in humans. For this reason, specific studies related to the organ of hypertension are performed in experimental animals. The heart and kidney tissue, which are the most important organs that hypertension has damaged, have formed specific organs of our work. In our experimental study, a total of 35 (hypertensive group: 20, control group: 15) Rattus Norvegicus Wistar albino rats were used. In order to obtain our hypertension model, our experimental animals were given L-NAME together with drinking water for six weeks. After six weeks, the experimental procedures were terminated. Heart and kidney tissues of the hypertensive and control group were obtained. Expression of apelin and apelin receptor (APJ) was demonstrated by immunohistochemical and Western Blot protocols. Hypertrophic cardiac atrium of the hearts of the large cavities, interventricular septum and myocardium to the disintegration, as well as an increase in the diameter of the coronary artery has been observed. In general, kidney tissues of the hypertensive group showed narrowing in cortical renal structures and enlargement in structures in the renal medulla. As a result, in hypertensive cases, there was an increase in expression of Apelin and APJ receptor in heart tissue, and a decrease in expression of Apelin and APJ receptor in kidney tissue. We think that our findings may contribute to experimental or clinical studies related to hypertension and apelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahime Sekerci
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nuray Acar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Tepekoy
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ustunel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nigar Keles-Celik
- Department of Anatomy, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine Antalya, Turkey.
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Yoshikawa K, Umekawa T, Maki S, Kubo M, Nii M, Tanaka K, Tanaka H, Osato K, Kamimoto Y, Kondo E, Ikemura K, Okuda M, Katayama K, Miyoshi T, Hosoda H, Ma N, Yoshida T, Ikeda T. Tadalafil Improves L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester-Induced Preeclampsia With Fetal Growth Restriction-Like Symptoms in Pregnant Mice. Am J Hypertens 2017; 31:89-96. [PMID: 28992178 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of tadalafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, in treating preeclampsia (PE) with fetal growth restriction (FGR) using L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced PE with FGR in pregnant mice as our experimental model. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups 11 days postcoitum (d.p.c.). A control group of dams (C dam) received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A L-NAME-treated group received 1 mg/ml L-NAME dissolved in CMC. The L-NAME-treated dams were divided into 2 subgroups 13 d.p.c. One subgroup continued to receive L-NAME (L dams). The other subgroup received L-NAME with 0.08 mg/ml tadalafil suspended in CMC (TL dams). Maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria were assessed 16 d.p.c. Fetal weight was recorded, and placentas and maternal kidneys were collected 17 d.p.c. RESULTS Maternal SBP, proteinuria, and fetal weight were improved for TL dams compared to L dams. The placental concentration of placental growth factor (PlGF) was higher for TL dams than for the C and L dams. The placental maternal blood sinuses of L dams were narrower than those of C dams, but those of TL dams improved to a similar width as C dams. Glomerular oxidative stress was ameliorated in TL dams compared to L dams. CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil dilates the placental maternal blood sinuses, which leads to increase PlGF production, and contributes to facilitate fetal growth and improve maternal SBP. Moreover, tadalafil ameliorates glomerular damage by reducing oxidative stress. These results suggest that tadalafil is a candidate for treatment of PE with FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Yoshikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Umekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shintaro Maki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Michiko Kubo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kayo Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Osato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Kamimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Eiji Kondo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikemura
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Japan
| | | | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takekazu Miyoshi
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hosoda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Ning Ma
- Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Matrix Biology, Pathology and Matrix Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ikeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Özen N, Nasırcılar Ülker S, Ülker P, Özcan F, Aslan M, Şentürk ÜK, Basralı F. Effect of 20-HETE inhibition on L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 40:292-302. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1368540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Özen
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Pınar Ülker
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Özcan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ümit Kemal Şentürk
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Basralı
- Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Meiri H, Osol G, Cetin I, Gizurarson S, Huppertz B. Personalized Therapy Against Preeclampsia by Replenishing Placental Protein 13 (PP13) Targeted to Patients With Impaired PP13 Molecule or Function. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2017; 15:433-446. [PMID: 29034064 PMCID: PMC5633742 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders affect about one third of all people aged 20 and above, and are treated with anti-hypertensive drugs. Preeclampsia (PE) is one form of such disorders that only develops during pregnancy. It affects ten million pregnant women globally and additionally causes fetal loss and major newborn disabilities. The syndrome's origin is multifactorial, and anti-hypertensive drugs are ineffective in treating it. Biomarkers are helpful for predict its development. Generic drugs, such as low dose aspirin, were proven effective in preventing preterm PE. However, it does not cure the majority of cases and many studies are underway for fighting PE with extended use of additional generic drugs, or through new drug development programs. This review focuses on placental protein 13 (PP13). This protein is only expressed in the placenta. Impaired PP13 DNA structure and/or its reduced mRNA expression leads to lower blood PP13 level that predict a higher risk of developing PE. Two polymorphic PP13 variants have been identified: (1) The promoter PP13 variant with an "A/A" genotype in the -98 position (versus "A/C" or "C/C"). Having the "A/A" genotype is coupled to lower PP13 expression, mainly during placental syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and, if associated with obesity and history of previous preeclampsia, it accurately predicts higher risk for developing the disorder. (2) A thymidine deletion at position 221 causes a frame shift in the open reading frame, and the formation of an early stop codon resulting in the formation of DelT221, a truncated variant of PP13. In pregnant rodents, both short- and long- term replenishment of PP13 causes reversible hypotension and vasodilation of uterine vessels. Long-term exposure is also accompanied by the development of larger placentas and newborns. Also, only w/t PP13 is capable of inducing leukocyte apoptosis, providing maternal immune tolerance to pregnancy. Based on published data, we propose a targeted PP13 therapy to fight PE, and consider the design and conduct of animal studies to explore this hypothesis. Accordingly, a new targeted therapy can be implemented in humans combining prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamutal Meiri
- Hy Laboratories, Rehovot, and TeleMarpe, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - George Osol
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Milano, Italy
- Department of Mother and Child, Hospital Luigi Sacco, and Center for Fetal Research “Giorgio Pardi”, Milano, Italy
| | - Sveinbjörn Gizurarson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Science, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology & Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Sex and gender differences in chronic kidney disease: progression to end-stage renal disease and haemodialysis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 130:1147-63. [PMID: 27252402 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex and gender differences are of fundamental importance in most diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Men and women with CKD differ with regard to the underlying pathophysiology of the disease and its complications, present different symptoms and signs, respond differently to therapy and tolerate/cope with the disease differently. Yet an approach using gender in the prevention and treatment of CKD, implementation of clinical practice guidelines and in research has been largely neglected. The present review highlights some sex- and gender-specific evidence in the field of CKD, starting with a critical appraisal of the lack of inclusion of women in randomized clinical trials in nephrology, and thereafter revisits sex/gender differences in kidney pathophysiology, kidney disease progression, outcomes and management of haemodialysis care. In each case we critically consider whether apparent discrepancies are likely to be explained by biological or psycho-socioeconomic factors. In some cases (a few), these findings have resulted in the discovery of disease pathways and/or therapeutic opportunities for improvement. In most cases, they have been reported as merely anecdotal findings. The aim of the present review is to expose some of the stimulating hypotheses arising from these observations as a preamble for stricter approaches using gender for the prevention and treatment of CKD and its complications.
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Kimura DC, Nagaoka MR, Borges DR, Kouyoumdjian M. Angiotensin II or epinephrine hemodynamic and metabolic responses in the liver of L-NAME induced hypertension and spontaneous hypertensive rats. World J Hepatol 2017; 9:781-790. [PMID: 28660012 PMCID: PMC5474724 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v9.i17.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study hepatic vasoconstriction and glucose release induced by angiotensin (Ang)II or Epi in rats with pharmacological hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).
METHODS Isolated liver perfusion was performed following portal vein and vena cava cannulation; AngII or epinephrine (Epi) was injected in bolus and portal pressure monitored; glucose release was measured in perfusate aliquots.
RESULTS The portal hypertensive response (PHR) and the glucose release induced by AngII of L-NAME were similar to normal rats (WIS). On the other hand, the PHR induced by Epi in L-NAME was higher whereas the glucose release was lower compared to WIS. Despite the similar glycogen content, glucose release induced by AngII was lower in SHR compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats although both PHR and glucose release induced by Epi in were similar.
CONCLUSION AngII and Epi responses are altered in different ways in these hypertension models. Our results suggest that inhibition of NO production seems to be involved in the hepatic effects induced by Epi but not by AngII; the diminished glucose release induced by AngII in SHR is not related to glycogen content.
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Carbon monoxide does not contribute to vascular tonus improvement in exercise-trained rats with chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition. Nitric Oxide 2017; 65:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A, Carlström M, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Association between Dietary Intakes of Nitrate and Nitrite and the Risk of Hypertension and Chronic Kidney Disease: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120811. [PMID: 28009811 PMCID: PMC5188466 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The association of habitual intakes of dietary nitrate (NO3−) and nitrite (NO2−) with blood pressure and renal function is not clear. Here, we investigated a potential effect of dietary NO3− and NO2− on the occurrence of hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: A total of 2799 Iranian adults aged ≥20 years, participating in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), were included and followed for a median of 5.8 years. Dietary intakes of NO3− and NO2− were estimated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Demographics, anthropometrics, blood pressure and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and during follow-up examinations. To identify the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HTN and CKD across tertile categories of residual energy-adjusted NO3− and NO2− intakes, multivariate logistic regression models were used. Results: Dietary intake of NO3− had no significant association with the risk of HTN or CKD. Compared to the lowest tertile category (median intake < 6.04 mg/day), the highest intake (median intake ≥ 12.7 mg/day) of dietary NO2− was accompanied with a significant reduced risk of HTN, in the fully adjusted model (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.33–0.98; p for trend = 0.054). The highest compared to the lowest tertile of dietary NO2− was also accompanied with a reduced risk of CKD (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.24–0.89, p for trend = 0.07). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that higher intakes of NO2− might be an independent dietary protective factor against the development of HTN and CKD, which are major risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm SE-171 76, Sweden.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19395-4763, Iran.
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Lin HY, Lee YT, Chan YW, Tse G. Animal models for the study of primary and secondary hypertension in humans. Biomed Rep 2016; 5:653-659. [PMID: 28105333 PMCID: PMC5228353 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is defined as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) >140 and 90 mmHg, respectively. Individuals with an SBP between 120 and 139, or DBP between 80 and 89 mmHg, are said to exhibit pre-hypertension. Hypertension can have primary or secondary causes. Primary or essential hypertension is a multifactorial disease caused by interacting environmental and polygenic factors. Secondary causes are renovascular hypertension, renal disease, endocrine disorders and other medical conditions. The aim of the present review article was to examine the different animal models that have been generated for studying the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying hypertension. Their advantages, disadvantages and limitations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Yin Wah Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1AG, UK
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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Casellas D, Herizi A, Artuso A, Mimran A, Jover B. Candesartan prevents L-NAME-induced cardio-renal injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats beyond hypotensive effects. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 2:S84-S90. [DOI: 10.1177/14703203010020011501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to assess the cardiovascular and renal protection afforded by angiotensin II type 1-receptor blockade against NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-exacerbated hypertension in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), in comparison with the antihypertensive drug, hydralazine. Male SHR were assigned to four groups (n=8 per group): no treatment (controls); L-NAME-treated group (20 mg/kg/day, 10 days, orally); co-treatment with L-NAME and hydralazine (15 mg/kg/day, by gavage); co-treatment with L-NAME and candesartan cilexetil (10 mg/kg/day, by gavage), i.e. at a dose that inhibited acute pressor responses to 5—20 ng angiotensin II. One animal died in the L-NAME group, and tail-cuff systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased significantly compared with controls to 201±5 mmHg. Albumin excretion increased 235-fold in L-NAME-treated rats. Heart weight index averaged 3.5±0.1 and 3.8±0.1 mg/g body weight (p<0.05) in control and L-NAME rats, respectively, indicating moderate cardiac hypertrophy induced by L-NAME. Preglomerular vascular lesions affected 63±6% of interlobular arteries and 10±2% of afferent arterioles (vs. 8±3 and 0.8±0.4% in controls, respectively). Hydralazine and candesartan cilexetil treatment similarly reduced SBP to 153±7, and 165±6 mmHg, respectively. However, candesartan provided more protection, in terms of no significant change in albuminuria (vs. 25-fold increase with hydralazine), regression of cardiac hypertrophy, frequency of vascular lesions and histological indices of renal injury maintained within control values. In conclusion, candesartan cilexetil prevented L-NAME-exacerbated hypertension and associated cardio-renal injury in young SHR, the beneficial effects exceeding those of hydralazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Casellas
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, Institut Universitaire
de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France,
| | - Abderraouf Herizi
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, Institut Universitaire
de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Annie Artuso
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, Institut Universitaire
de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Albert Mimran
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, Institut Universitaire
de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard Jover
- Groupe Rein et Hypertension, Institut Universitaire
de Recherche Clinique, Montpellier, France
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Itokua KE, Makulo JR, Lepira FB, Aloni MN, Ekulu PM, Sumaili EK, Bukabau JB, Mokoli VM, Longo AL, Kajingulu FM, Zinga CV, Nlandu YM, Engole YM, Akilimali PZ, Ngiyulu RM, Gini JL, Nseka NM. Albuminuria, serum antioxidant enzyme levels and markers of hemolysis and inflammation in steady state children with sickle cell anemia. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:178. [PMID: 27855647 PMCID: PMC5114808 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria in Sickle cell anemia (SCA). Antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) may play an important protective role. This study aimed to evaluate the association between albuminuria and these two antioxidant enzymes. METHODS We consecutively recruited Steady state children aged between 2 and 18 years old with established diagnosis of homozygous SCA in two hospitals of Kinshasa/DR Congo. The relationship between Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) and other variables of interest (age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, plasma GPx and Cu-Zn SOD, free plasmatic hemoglobin, LDH, indirect bilirubin, white blood cells (WBC), percentage of fetal hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, CRP) was analyzed by Bivariate correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient). Microalbuminuria was defined by urine albumin/creatinine ratio between 30 and 299 mg/g. RESULTS Seventy Steady state Black African children with SCA (56% boys; average age 9.9 ± 4.3 years; 53% receiving hydroxyurea) were selected. Prevalence of microalbuminuria was 11.8%. LDH (r = 0.260; p = 0.033) and WBC count (r = 0.264; p = 0.033) were positively correlated with UACR whereas GPx (- 0.328; p = 0.007) and Cu-Zn SOD (- 0.210; p = 0.091) were negatively correlated with UACR. CONCLUSIONS Albuminuria is associated with decreased antioxidant capacity and increased levels of markers of hemolysis and inflammation. Therefore, strategies targeting the reduction of sickling and subsequent hemolysis, oxidative stress and inflammation could help preventing or at least delaying the progression of kidney disease in SCA children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Itokua
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Robert Makulo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - François B Lepira
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michel N Aloni
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pépé M Ekulu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ernest K Sumaili
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Justine B Bukabau
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vieux M Mokoli
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Augustin L Longo
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François M Kajingulu
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Chantal V Zinga
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yannick M Nlandu
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Yannick M Engole
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Pierre Z Akilimali
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - René M Ngiyulu
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Lambert Gini
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Nephrology, Department of Pediatric, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nazaire M Nseka
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kinshasa Hospital, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
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Caron J, Michel PA, Dussaule JC, Chatziantoniou C, Ronco P, Boffa JJ. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy does not improve hypertensive nephropathy. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/11/e12699. [PMID: 27255359 PMCID: PMC4908482 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy (SWT) has been shown to improve myocardial dysfunction, hind limb ischemia, erectile function, and to facilitate cell therapy and healing process. These therapeutic effects were mainly due to promoting angiogenesis. Since chronic kidney diseases are characterized by renal fibrosis and capillaries rarefaction, they may benefit from a proangiogenic treatment. The objective of our study was to determine whether SWT could ameliorate renal repair and favor angiogenesis in L-NAME-induced hypertensive nephropathy in rats. SWT was started when proteinuria exceeded 1 g/mmol of creatinine and 1 week after L-NAME removal. SWT consisted of implying 0.09 mJ/mm(2) (400 shots), 3 times per week. After 4 weeks of SWT, blood pressure, renal function and urinary protein excretion did not differ between treated (LN + SWT) and untreated rats (LN). Histological lesions including glomerulosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis scores, tubular dilatation and interstitial fibrosis were similar in both groups. In addition, peritubular capillaries and eNOS, VEGF, VEGF-R, SDF-1 gene expressions did not increase in SWT-treated compared to untreated animals. No procedural complications or adverse effects were observed in control (C + SWT) and hypertensive rats (LN + SWT). These results suggest that extracorporeal kidney shock wave therapy does not induce angiogenesis and does not improve renal function and structure, at least in the model of hypertensive nephropathy although the treatment is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierre-Antoine Michel
- INSERM UNIT 1155, Paris, F-75020, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR S 1155, Paris, France Department of Nephrology, AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Paris, F-75020, France
| | - Jean-Claude Dussaule
- INSERM UNIT 1155, Paris, F-75020, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR S 1155, Paris, France Department of physiology, AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, F-75012, France
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- INSERM UNIT 1155, Paris, F-75020, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR S 1155, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Ronco
- INSERM UNIT 1155, Paris, F-75020, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR S 1155, Paris, France Department of Nephrology, AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Paris, F-75020, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Boffa
- INSERM UNIT 1155, Paris, F-75020, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6 UMR S 1155, Paris, France Department of Nephrology, AP-HP Hôpital Tenon, Paris, F-75020, France
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Jalal DI, Decker E, Perrenoud L, Nowak KL, Bispham N, Mehta T, Smits G, You Z, Seals D, Chonchol M, Johnson RJ. Vascular Function and Uric Acid-Lowering in Stage 3 CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 28:943-952. [PMID: 27620990 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016050521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in CKD. We evaluated whether lowering serum uric acid levels with allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in 80 participants ≥18 years of age with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (≥7 mg/dl in men and ≥6 mg/dl in women) randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive placebo or allopurinol for 12 weeks. Randomization was stratified according to presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. We measured vascular endothelial function by brachial artery flow-mediated dilation. No significant differences existed between groups at baseline; 61% of the participants had diabetes mellitus in both groups. The placebo and the allopurinol groups had baseline serum uric acid levels (SDs) of 8.7 (1.6) mg/dl and 8.3 (1.4) mg/dl, respectively, and baseline flow-mediated dilation values (SDs) of 6.0% (5.0%) and 4.8% (5.0%), respectively. Compared with placebo, allopurinol lowered serum uric acid significantly but did not improve endothelial function. In participants without diabetes mellitus, allopurinol associated with a trend toward improved flow-mediated dilation (+1.4% [3.9%] versus -0.7% [4.1%] with placebo), but this was not statistically significant (P=0.26). Furthermore, we did not detect significant differences between groups in BP or serum levels of markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, allopurinol effectively and safely lowered serum uric acid levels in adults with stage 3 CKD and asymptomatic hyperuricemia but did not improve endothelial function in this sample of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Jalal
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Emily Decker
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Loni Perrenoud
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kristen L Nowak
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Nina Bispham
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tapan Mehta
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Gerard Smits
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Zhiying You
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Douglas Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Michel Chonchol
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Santos AH, Casey MJ, Bucci CM, Rehman S, Segal MS. Nebivolol Effects on Nitric Oxide Levels, Blood Pressure, and Renal Function in Kidney Transplant Patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2016; 18:741-9. [PMID: 26692375 PMCID: PMC8031548 DOI: 10.1111/jch.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In hypertensive kidney transplant recipients, the effects of nebivolol vs metoprolol on nitric oxide (NO) blood level, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and blood pressure (BP) have not been previously reported. In a 12-month prospective, randomized, open-label, active-comparator trial, hypertensive kidney transplant recipients were treated with nebivolol (n=15) or metoprolol (n=15). Twenty-nine patients (nebivolol [n=14], metoprolol [n=15]) completed the trial. The primary endpoint was change in blood NO level after 12 months of treatment. Secondary endpoints were changes in eGFR, BP, and number of antihypertensive drug classes used. After 12 months of treatment, least squares mean change in plasma NO level in the nebivolol kidney transplant recipient group younger than 50 years was higher by 68.19% (99.17% confidence interval [CI], 13.02-123.36), 69.54% (99.17% CI, 12.71-126.37), and 66.80% (99.17% CI, 12.95-120.64) compared with the metoprolol group younger than 50 years, the metoprolol group 50 years and older, and the nebivolol group 50 years and older, respectively. The baseline to month 12 change in mean arterial BP, eGFR, and number of antihypertensive drug classes used was not significantly different between the treatment groups. In hypertensive kidney transplant recipients, nebivolol use in patients younger than 50 years increased blood NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso H Santos
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael J Casey
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Charles M Bucci
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Shehzad Rehman
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Mark S Segal
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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El-Sadek AE, Behery EG, Azab AA, Kamal NM, Salama MA, Abdulghany WE, Abdallah EAA. Arginine dimethylation products in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 9:22-7. [PMID: 27358729 PMCID: PMC4915955 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background arginine and its metabolites have been linked to pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to estimate serum levels of argninine (Arg), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in pediatric CKD patients and its relation to altered kidney function. Patients and methods 132 pediatric patients with CKD and 120 healthy age and sex matched controls were compared regarding; serum Arg, ADMA and SDMA levels. Results In comparison to their values in control subjects, serum Arg levels were significantly lower; serum ADMA levels were non-significantly higher, but serum SDMA levels were significantly higher in CKD patients (p values: < 0.000; = 0.054; <0.000, respectively). Calculated Arg/ADMA and Arg/SDMA ratios were significantly higher in patients compared to controls (p values: 0.001, and <0.000, respectively). However ADMA/SDMA ratio was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (p = 0.001. Serum Arg levels showed positive significant correlation, while serum ADMA and SDMA levels showed negative significant correlation with eGFR. Moreover, Arg/ADMA ratio showed negative significant correlation, while ADMA/SDMA ratio showed positive significant correlation with eGFR of patients. Regression analysis defined high serum SDMA level as persistently significant predictor for low eGFR. Conclusion Disturbed serum levels of arginine and its dimethyl derivatives may underlie development and/or progression of CKD. Elevated serum SDMA level is strongly correlated with impaired kidney functions and could be considered as a predictor for kidney functions deterioration and CKD progression. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms for pediatric CKD are multiple and interlocking. Disturbed serum levels of Arg and its dimethyl derivatives may underlie development and/or progression of CKD. Elevated serum SDMA level is strongly correlated with impaired kidney functions. Elevated SDMA level can be a predictor for kidney functions deterioration and CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram E El-Sadek
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Eman G Behery
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Azab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Kamal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Salama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Egypt
| | | | - Enas A A Abdallah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Ozturk N, Olgar Y, Aslan M, Ozdemir S. Effects of magnesium supplementation on electrophysiological remodeling of cardiac myocytes in L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:425-36. [PMID: 27193439 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9666-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiac hypertrophy and magnesium deficiency is suggested to be a contributing factor in the progression of this complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between intracellular free Mg(2+) levels and electrophysiological changes developed in the myocardium of L-NAME induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced by administration of 40 mg/kg of L-NAME for 6 weeks, while magnesium treated rats fed with a diet supplemented with 1 g/kg of MgO for the same period. L-NAME administration for 6 weeks elicited a significant increase in blood pressure which was corrected with MgO treatment; thereby cardiac hypertrophy developing secondary to hypertension was prevented. Cytosolic free magnesium levels of ventricular myocytes were significantly decreased with hypertension and magnesium administration restored these changes. Hypertension significantly decreased the fractional shortening with slowing of shortening kinetics in left ventricular myocytes whereas magnesium treatment was capable of restoring hypertension-induced contractile dysfunction. Long-term magnesium treatment significantly restored the hypertension-induced prolongation in action potentials of ventricular myocytes and suppressed Ito and Iss currents. In contrast, hypertension dependent decrement in intracellular Mg(2+) level did not cause a significant change in L-type Ca(2+) currents, SR Ca(2+) content and NCX activity. Nevertheless, hypertension mediated increase in superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and protein oxidation mitigated with magnesium treatment. In conclusion, magnesium administration improves mechanical abnormalities observed in hypertensive rat ventricular myocytes due to reduced oxidative stress. It is likely that, changes in intracellular magnesium balance may contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihal Ozturk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Semir Ozdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
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Goldberg I, Krause I. The Role of Gender in Chronic Kidney Disease. EUROPEAN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.33590/emj/10312319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common disease worldwide and is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This review discusses several aspects of the relationship between gender and CKD. While the prevalence of CKD tends to be higher in women, the disease is more severe in men, who also have a higher prevalence of end-stage renal disease. Most of the evidence in the current literature suggests a higher progression rate and mortality risk of CKD in men compared with women, except in post-menopausal women and diabetic patients. However, the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and the increase in the level of albuminuria are more prominent mortality risk factors among women. Sex hormones are thought to play a major role in the biological mechanisms associated with variability in CKD prevalence and characteristics between men and women. Animal studies have demonstrated the harmful influence of testosterone and protective influence of oestrogen on several biological processes that are involved in kidney injury. However, the role of sex hormones in explaining gender-related differences in CKD in humans has not yet been established. In summary, gender has an important influence on several aspects of CKD. Further research is needed to find additional gender-related characteristics in CKD and to identify the mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Goldberg
- Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Ilan Krause
- Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel.; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Tahmasebi Nejad Z, Ghasemi A, Azizi F. Serum nitric oxide is associated with the risk of chronic kidney disease in women: Tehran lipid and glucose study. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2016; 76:304-8. [PMID: 26956540 DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2016.1149880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim This study was conducted to investigate the association between serum nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods We recruited 3462 and 2504 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), for a cross-sectional and prospective analysis, respectively. Serum NOx concentrations were measured at baseline (2006-2008), and demographics, anthropometrics and biochemical variables were evaluated at baseline and again after 3 years (2009-2011). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD were defined. Association between serum NOx and CKD in the cross-sectional phase and the predictability of NOx in CKD occurrence were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models with adjustment for confounders. Results Mean age of participants was 45.0 ± 15.9 years at baseline and 40.5% were male. The prevalence of CKD was 17.9% (13.4% in men, 21.0% in women) at baseline, at which point, marginally significant odds of CKD in the highest tertile of serum NOx in men (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 0.96-2.45, p for trend = 0.047) and a significant odds of CKD in women (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.76-3.49, p for trend = 0.001) were observed. After a 3-year follow-up, in women, risk of CKD was higher in the highest compared to the lowest NOx tertiles (OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.10-3.14, p for trend = 0.032) but no significant association was observed in men. Conclusion Serum NOx level was found to be an independent predictor of CKD in women; it could be a valuable surrogate for prediction of renal dysfunction in women and help to identify high-risk subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- b Department of Clinical Nutrition and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology , National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Zhale Tahmasebi Nejad
- a Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- c Endocrine Physiology Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- d Endocrine Research Center , Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Fu Q, Colgan SP, Shelley CS. Hypoxia: The Force that Drives Chronic Kidney Disease. Clin Med Res 2016; 14:15-39. [PMID: 26847481 PMCID: PMC4851450 DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2015.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the United States the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) reached epidemic proportions in 2012 with over 600,000 patients being treated. The rates of ESRD among the elderly are disproportionally high. Consequently, as life expectancy increases and the baby-boom generation reaches retirement age, the already heavy burden imposed by ESRD on the US health care system is set to increase dramatically. ESRD represents the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A large body of evidence indicating that CKD is driven by renal tissue hypoxia has led to the development of therapeutic strategies that increase kidney oxygenation and the contention that chronic hypoxia is the final common pathway to end-stage renal failure. Numerous studies have demonstrated that one of the most potent means by which hypoxic conditions within the kidney produce CKD is by inducing a sustained inflammatory attack by infiltrating leukocytes. Indispensable to this attack is the acquisition by leukocytes of an adhesive phenotype. It was thought that this process resulted exclusively from leukocytes responding to cytokines released from ischemic renal endothelium. However, recently it has been demonstrated that leukocytes also become activated independent of the hypoxic response of endothelial cells. It was found that this endothelium-independent mechanism involves leukocytes directly sensing hypoxia and responding by transcriptional induction of the genes that encode the β2-integrin family of adhesion molecules. This induction likely maintains the long-term inflammation by which hypoxia drives the pathogenesis of CKD. Consequently, targeting these transcriptional mechanisms would appear to represent a promising new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Fu
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, La Crosse, WI
| | - Sean P Colgan
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Carl Simon Shelley
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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Hammes MS, Watson S, Coe FL, Ahmed F, Beltran E, Dhar P. Asymmetric dimethylarginine and whole blood viscosity in renal failure. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 59:245-55. [PMID: 24840340 DOI: 10.3233/ch-141843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal failure is a disease with accelerated atherosclerosis beginning with endothelial cell dysfunction. Factors affecting endothelial cell dysfunction include whole blood viscosity (WBV) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). The relationship in controls and renal failure was determined. METHODS 51 subjects, 20 controls, 11 renal transplant recipients, 10 chronic kidney disease and 10 end-stage renal disease patients had blood samples drawn for WBV, Hematocrit, and ADMA. WBV was measured at various shear rates from 10 s(-1) to 780 s(-1) at 37 °C. Hematocrit using CritSpin, and ADMA was assayed using an ELISA method. The significance between groups was compared by boxplots and analysis of variance. Linear relationships were shown by regression lines and correlation coefficients. RESULTS ADMA was elevated in all groups with renal failure when compared to controls (p < 0.05). Control subjects showed a positive correlation between ADMA and WBV, while those who received a renal transplant had a negative correlation (p < 0.05). The difference in ADMA comparing pre-dialysis to post-dialysis conditions was positive (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The positive relationship between WBV and ADMA in controls is a novel finding and allows for comparison with other groups. This relationship is dramatically altered in renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary S Hammes
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sydeaka Watson
- Department of Health Studies, Biostatistics Laboratory, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Frederic L Coe
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Faris Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Section, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Emily Beltran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Promila Dhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
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Suehiro T, Tsuruya K, Ikeda H, Toyonaga J, Yamada S, Noguchi H, Tokumoto M, Kitazono T. Systemic Aldosterone, But Not Angiotensin II, Plays a Pivotal Role in the Pathogenesis of Renal Injury in Chronic Nitric Oxide-Deficient Male Rats. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2657-66. [PMID: 25872005 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) causes progressive renal injury and systemic hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been conventionally regarded as one of the primary causes of renal injury. We reported previously that such renal injury was almost completely suppressed by both an Ang II type I receptor blocker and an aldosterone antagonist. The aldosterone antagonist also inhibited the systemic Ang II elevation. Therefore, it remains to be elucidated whether Ang II or aldosterone directly affects the development of such renal injury. In the present study, we investigated the role of aldosterone in the pathogenesis of renal injury induced by L-NAME-mediated chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in male Wistar rats (aged 10 wk). Serial analyses demonstrated that the renal injury and inflammation in L-NAME-treated rats was associated with elevation of both Ang II and aldosterone. To investigate the direct effect of aldosterone on the renal injury, we conducted adrenalectomy (ADX) and aldosterone supplementation in L-NAME-treated rats. In ADX rats, aldosterone was undetectable, and renal injury and inflammation were almost completely prevented by ADX, although systemic and local Ang II and blood pressure were still elevated. Aldosterone supplementation reversed the beneficial effect of ADX. The present study indicates that aldosterone rather than Ang II plays a central and direct role in the pathogenesis of renal injury by L-NAME through inflammation, independent of its systemic hemodynamic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaichi Suehiro
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Tsuruya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ikeda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Jiro Toyonaga
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Yamada
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Hideko Noguchi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Masanori Tokumoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (T.S., K.T., H.I., J.T., S.Y., H.N., T.K.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Integrated Therapy for Chronic Kidney Disease (K.T.), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and Department of Internal Medicine (S.Y., M.T.), Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0175, Japan
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Basralı F, Koçer G, Ülker Karadamar P, Nasırcılar Ülker S, Satı L, Özen N, Özyurt D, Şentürk ÜK. Effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure and vascular reactivity in nitric oxide synthase inhibition-induced hypertension model. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 37:633-42. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1036063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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McDonough AA, Nguyen MTX. Maintaining Balance Under Pressure: Integrated Regulation of Renal Transporters During Hypertension. Hypertension 2015; 66:450-5. [PMID: 26101347 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A McDonough
- From the Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.A.M., M.T.X.N.).
| | - Mien T X Nguyen
- From the Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles (A.A.M., M.T.X.N.)
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Almeida J, Duarte JO, Oliveira LA, Crestani CC. Effects of nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor or fluoxetine treatment on depression-like state and cardiovascular changes induced by chronic variable stress in rats. Stress 2015; 18:462-74. [PMID: 26068517 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2015.1038993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comorbidity between mood disorders and cardiovascular disease has been described extensively. However, available antidepressants can have cardiovascular side effects. Treatment with selective inhibitors of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) induces antidepressant effects, but whether the antidepressant-like effects of these drugs are followed by cardiovascular changes has not been previously investigated. Here, we tested in male rats exposed to chronic variable stress (CVS) the hypothesis that nNOS blockers are advantageous compared with conventional antidepressants in terms of cardiovascular side effects. We compared the effects of chronic treatment with the preferential nNOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) with those evoked by the conventional antidepressant fluoxetine on alterations that are considered as markers of depression (immobility in the forced swimming test, FST, decreased body weight gain and increased plasma corticosterone concentration) and cardiovascular changes caused by CVS. Rats were exposed to a 14-day CVS protocol, while being concurrently treated daily with either 7-NI (30 mg/kg) or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg). Fluoxetine and 7-NI prevented the increase in immobility in the FST induced by CVS and reduced plasma corticosterone concentration in stressed rats. Both these treatments also prevented the CVS-evoked reduction of the depressor response to vasodilator agents and baroreflex changes. Fluoxetine and 7-NI-induced cardiovascular changes independent of stress exposure, including cardiac autonomic imbalance, increased intrinsic heart rate and vascular sympathetic modulation, a reduction of the pressor response to vasoconstrictor agents, and impairment of baroreflex activity. Altogether, these findings provide evidence that fluoxetine and 7-NI have similar effects on the depression-like state induced by CVS and on cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeferson Almeida
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Josiane O Duarte
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Leandro A Oliveira
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
| | - Carlos C Crestani
- a Laboratory of Pharmacology , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University , UNESP, Araraquara, SP , Brazil and
- b Joint UFSCar-UNESP Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences , São Carlos, SP , Brazil
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Polichnowski AJ, Griffin KA, Picken MM, Licea-Vargas H, Long J, Williamson GA, Bidani AK. Hemodynamic basis for the limited renal injury in rats with angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F252-60. [PMID: 25477472 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00596.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ANG II is thought to increase the susceptibility to hypertension-induced renal disease (HIRD) via blood pressure (BP)-dependent and BP-independent pathways; however, the quantitative relationships between BP and HIRD have not been examined in ANG II-infused hypertensive rats. We compared the relationship between radiotelemetrically measured BP and HIRD in Sprague-Dawley rats (Harlan) chronically administered ANG II (300-500 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1), n = 19) for 4 wk versus another commonly employed pharmacological model of hypertension induced by the chronic administration of N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, 50 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), n = 23). [DOSAGE ERROR CORRECTED]. Despite the significantly higher average systolic BP associated with ANG II (191.1 ± 3.2 mmHg) versus l-NAME (179.9 ± 2.5 mmHg) administration, the level of HIRD was very modest in the ANG II versus l-NAME model as evidenced by significantly less glomerular injury (6.6 ± 1.3% vs. 11.3 ± 1.5%, respectively), tubulointerstitial injury (0.3 ± 0.1 vs. 0.7 ± 0.1 injury score, respectively), proteinuria (66.3 ± 10.0 vs. 117.5 ± 10.1 mg/day, respectively), and serum creatinine levels (0.5 ± 0.04 vs. 0.9 ± 0.07 mg/dl, respectively). Given that HIRD severity is expected to be a function of renal microvascular BP transmission, BP-renal blood flow (RBF) relationships were examined in additional conscious rats administered ANG II (n = 7) or l-NAME (n = 8). Greater renal vasoconstriction was observed during ANG II versus l-NAME administration (41% vs. 23% decrease in RBF from baseline). Moreover, administration of ANG II, but not l-NAME, led to a unique BP-RBF pattern in which the most substantial decreases in RBF were observed during spontaneous increases in BP. We conclude that the hemodynamic effects of ANG II may mediate the strikingly low susceptibility to HIRD in the ANG II-infused model of hypertension in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J Polichnowski
- Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois;
| | - Karen A Griffin
- Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Maria M Picken
- Department of Pathology Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Hector Licea-Vargas
- Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Jianrui Long
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Geoffrey A Williamson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Anil K Bidani
- Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital and Department of Medicine Loyola University, Maywood, Illinois
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Tain YL, Huang LT, Lee CT, Chan JYH, Hsu CN. Maternal citrulline supplementation prevents prenatal N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced programmed hypertension in rats. Biol Reprod 2014; 92:7. [PMID: 25395680 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.121384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) deficiency induced by the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) resulted in hypertension. L-citrulline (CIT) can be converted to L-arginine to generate NO. We examined whether maternal CIT supplementation can prevent L-NAME-induced programmed hypertension. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to four groups: control, L-NAME, control + citrulline (CIT), and L-NAME + citrulline (L-NAME+CIT). Pregnant rats received L-NAME administration at 60 mg/kg/day subcutaneously during pregnancy alone or with additional 0.25% l-citrulline solution in drinking water during the whole period of pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring were sacrificed at 12 wk of age. L-NAME exposure during pregnancy induces hypertension in the 12-wk-old offspring. Maternal CIT therapy prevented L-NAME-induced programmed hypertension, which was associated with a decreased asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) concentration and an increased L-arginine-to-ADMA ratio in the kidney, increased urinary cGMP levels, and decreased renal protein levels of type 3 sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE3). Together, our data suggest that the beneficial effects of CIT supplementation are attributed to its ability to increase NO level in the kidney and inhibition of NHE3 expression. Our results suggest that supplementing CIT in pregnant women with NO deficiency can improve fetal development and prevent programmed hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Linkow, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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48
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Sato Y, Sato W, Maruyama S, Wilcox CS, Falck JR, Masuda T, Kosugi T, Kojima H, Maeda K, Furuhashi K, Ando M, Imai E, Matsuo S, Kadomatsu K. Midkine Regulates BP through Cytochrome P450-Derived Eicosanoids. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:1806-15. [PMID: 25377079 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors have been attributed to cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), but the regulation and role of EETs in endothelial dysfunction remain largely unexplored. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for renal dysfunction, which is frequently accompanied by various systemic diseases induced by endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation. We previously reported that the endothelial growth factor midkine (MK) enhances hypertension in a model of CKD. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that MK regulates EET activity and thereby BP. MK gene-deleted mice were resistant to hypertension and developed less glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria after administration of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor in the setting of uninephrectomy. The hypertension observed in uninephrectomized wild-type mice after NOS inhibition was ameliorated by anti-MK antibody. MK-deficient mice produced higher amounts of EETs, and EETs dominantly regulated BP in these mice. Furthermore, MK administration to MK-deficient mice recapitulated the BP control observed in wild-type mice. EETs also dominantly regulated renal blood flow, which may influence renal function, in MK-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the MK/EET pathway is physiologically engaged in BP control and could be a target for the treatment of hypertension complicated by endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Sato
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nephrology
| | | | | | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and
| | - John R Falck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Masahiko Ando
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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49
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Silva BM, Barbosa TC, Neves FJ, Sales AK, Rocha NG, Medeiros RF, Pereira FS, Garcia VP, Cardoso FT, Nobrega ACL. eNOS gene haplotype is indirectly associated with the recovery of cardiovascular autonomic modulation from exercise. Auton Neurosci 2014; 186:77-84. [PMID: 25242530 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene decrease expression and activation of eNOS in vitro, which is associated with lower post-exercise increase in vasodilator reactivity in vivo. However, it is unknown whether such polymorphisms are associated with other eNOS-related phenotypes during recovery from exercise. Therefore, we investigated the impact of an eNOS haplotype containing polymorphic alleles at loci -786 and 894 on the recovery of cardiovascular autonomic function from exercise. Sedentary, non-obese, healthy subjects were enrolled [n = 107, age 32 ± 1 years (mean ± SEM)]. Resting autonomic modulation (heart rate variability, systolic blood pressure variability, and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity) and vascular reactivity (forearm hyperemic response post-ischemia) were assessed at baseline, 10, 60, and 120 min after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. Besides, autonomic function was assessed by heart rate recovery (HRR) immediately after peak exercise. Haplotype analysis showed that vagal modulation (i.e., HF n.u.) was significantly higher, combined sympathetic and vagal modulation (i.e., LF/HF) was significantly lower and total blood pressure variability was significantly lower post-exercise in a haplotype containing polymorphic alleles (H2) compared to a haplotype with wild type alleles (H1). HRR was similar between groups. Corroborating previous evidence, H2 had significantly lower post-exercise increase in vasodilator reactivity than H1. In conclusion, a haplotype containing polymorphic alleles at loci -786 and 894 had enhanced recovery of autonomic modulation from exercise, along with unchanged HRR, and attenuated vasodilator reactivity. Then, these results suggest an autonomic compensatory response of a direct deleterious effect of eNOS polymorphisms on the vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Physiology, Section of Exercise Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thales C Barbosa
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabricia J Neves
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Allan K Sales
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natalia G Rocha
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata F Medeiros
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Pereira
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius P Garcia
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane T Cardoso
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Antonio C L Nobrega
- Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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50
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Al-Waili N, Salom K, Al-Ghamdi A, Ansari MJ, Al-Waili A, Al-Waili T. Honey and cardiovascular risk factors, in normal individuals and in patients with diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. J Med Food 2014; 16:1063-78. [PMID: 24328699 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, hypercholesteremia, hypertension (HTN), and obesity are well-known risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Various medications are currently in use for management of these comorbidities. Undesirable side effects are unavoidable and the ultimate and ideal goal is hardly achieved. Honey and other bee products are widely used in traditional medicine for management of many diseases. Others and the authors have found potent biological activities of these products. Honey is now reintroduced in modern medicine as part of wound and burn management. Honey has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. More studies are exploring other aspects of honey activity such as its effect on blood sugar, body weight, lipid profile, C-reactive protein, nitric oxide, proinflammatory prostaglandins, and homocysteine. Growing evidence and scientific data support the use of honey in patients with diabetes, HTN, dyslipidemia, obesity, and CVD. This review discusses clinical and preclinical studies on potential influence of honey on diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk factors, and emphasizes the importance of conducting more clinical and controlled studies.
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