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Natarajan N, Florentin J, Johny E, Xiao H, O'Neil SP, Lei L, Shen J, Ohayon L, Johnson AR, Rao K, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Tavakoli S, Shiva S, Das J, Dutta P. Aberrant mitochondrial DNA synthesis in macrophages exacerbates inflammation and atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7337. [PMID: 39187565 PMCID: PMC11347661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a large body of evidence that cellular metabolism governs inflammation, and that inflammation contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis. However, whether mitochondrial DNA synthesis affects macrophage function and atherosclerosis pathology is not fully understood. Here we show, by transcriptomic analyzes of plaque macrophages, spatial single cell transcriptomics of atherosclerotic plaques, and functional experiments, that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) synthesis in atherosclerotic plaque macrophages are triggered by vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) under inflammatory conditions in both humans and mice. Mechanistically, VCAM-1 activates C/EBPα, which binds to the promoters of key mitochondrial biogenesis genes - Cmpk2 and Pgc1a. Increased CMPK2 and PGC-1α expression triggers mtDNA synthesis, which activates STING-mediated inflammation. Consistently, atherosclerosis and inflammation are less severe in Apoe-/- mice lacking Vcam1 in macrophages. Downregulation of macrophage-specific VCAM-1 in vivo leads to decreased expression of LYZ1 and FCOR, involved in STING signalling. Finally, VCAM-1 expression in human carotid plaque macrophages correlates with necrotic core area, mitochondrial volume, and oxidative damage to DNA. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of macrophage VCAM-1 in inflammation and atherogenesis pathology and proposes a self-acerbating pathway involving increased mtDNA synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjana Natarajan
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jonathan Florentin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ebin Johny
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Hanxi Xiao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Joint CMU-Pitt PhD program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott Patrick O'Neil
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Liqun Lei
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jixing Shen
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Lee Ohayon
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Aaron R Johnson
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Krithika Rao
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yanwu Zhao
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sina Tavakoli
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jishnu Das
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Systems Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Partha Dutta
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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2
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Song Z, Xue Z, Wang Y, Imran M, Assiri M, Fahad S. Insights into the roles of non-coding RNAs and angiogenesis in glioblastoma: An overview of current research and future perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130567. [PMID: 38242182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive type of primary brain cancer with a poor prognosis, and despite intensive research, survival rates have not significantly improved. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of GBM pathogenesis, including angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and invasion. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as regulators of angiogenesis in GBM. miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-10b, and miR-26a promote angiogenesis by targeting anti-angiogenic factors, while lncRNAs such as H19 and MALAT1 inhibit angiogenesis by regulating pro-angiogenic factors. CircRNAs, such as circSMARCA5 and circBACH2, also regulate angiogenesis through various mechanisms. Similarly, signaling pathways such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway play critical roles in angiogenesis and have been targeted for GBM therapy. However, resistance to anti-angiogenic therapies is a significant obstacle in clinical practice. Developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting ncRNAs and angiogenesis is a promising approach for GBM. Potential targets include miRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and downstream signaling pathways that regulate angiogenesis. This review highlights the critical roles of ncRNAs and angiogenesis in GBM pathogenesis and the potential for new therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways to improve the prognosis and quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoliang Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, SIR Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23200, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
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3
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Tanaka N, Sakamoto T. MT1-MMP as a Key Regulator of Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2187. [PMID: 37681919 PMCID: PMC10486781 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane type1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a member of metalloproteinases that is tethered to the transmembrane. Its major function in cancer progression is to directly degrade the extracellular matrix components, which are mainly type I-III collagen or indirectly type IV collagen through the activation of MMP-2 with a cooperative function of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2). MT1-MMP is expressed as an inactive form (zymogen) within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and receives truncation processing via furin for its activation. Upon the appropriate trafficking of MT1-MMP from the ER, the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface membrane, MT1-MMP exhibits proteolytic activities to the surrounding molecules such as extracellular matrix components and cell surface molecules. MT1-MMP also retains a non-proteolytic ability to activate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A) via factors inhibiting the HIF-1 (FIH-1)-Mint3-HIF-1 axis, resulting in the upregulation of glucose metabolism and oxygen-independent ATP production. Through various functions of MT1-MMP, cancer cells gain motility on migration/invasion, thus causing metastasis. Despite the long-time efforts spent on the development of MT1-MMP interventions, none have been accomplished yet due to the side effects caused by off-target effects. Recently, MT1-MMP-specific small molecule inhibitors or an antibody have been reported and these inhibitors could potentially be novel agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeharu Sakamoto
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata 573-1010, Japan;
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4
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Gauvin J, Frégeau G, Elimam H, Ménard L, Huynh D, Lê C, Ahsanullah A, Lubell WD, Ong H, Marleau S. A cyclic azapeptide ligand of the scavenger receptor CD36/SR-B2 reduces the atherosclerotic lesion progression and enhances plaque stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1204905. [PMID: 37332345 PMCID: PMC10270736 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1204905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial walls that develops at predisposed sites. As a major risk factor for adverse cardiovascular pathology, atherosclerosis can progress to myocardial infarction and stroke, due to the rupture of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophage uptake of modified lipoproteins and metabolic dysfunction contributes significantly to the initiation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. The cluster of differentiation 36 receptor [CD36 (SR-B2)] plays a key role in atherosclerotic lesion progression and acts as an efferocytic molecule in the resolution of advanced plaque. In previous studies, linear azapeptide CD36 ligands were shown to exhibit anti-atherosclerotic properties. In the present study, a novel potent and selective macrocyclic azapeptide CD36 ligand, MPE-298, has proven effective in protecting against atherosclerosis progression. Features of greater plaque stability were observed after 8 weeks of daily injections with the cyclic azapeptide in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed a high-fat high-cholesterol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Gauvin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hanan Elimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University-Kantara Branch, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Liliane Ménard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David Huynh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Catherine Lê
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahsanullah Ahsanullah
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - William D. Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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5
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Phair IR, Nisr RB, Howden AJM, Sovakova M, Alqurashi N, Foretz M, Lamont D, Viollet B, Rena G. AMPK integrates metabolite and kinase-based immunometabolic control in macrophages. Mol Metab 2023; 68:101661. [PMID: 36586434 PMCID: PMC9842865 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous mechanistic studies on immunometabolism have focused on metabolite-based paradigms of regulation, such as itaconate. Here, we, demonstrate integration of metabolite and kinase-based immunometabolic control by AMP kinase. METHODS We combined whole cell quantitative proteomics with gene knockout of AMPKα1. RESULTS Comparing macrophages with AMPKα1 catalytic subunit deletion with wild-type, inflammatory markers are largely unchanged in unstimulated cells, but with an LPS stimulus, AMPKα1 knockout leads to a striking M1 hyperpolarisation. Deletion of AMPKα1 also resulted in increased expression of rate-limiting enzymes involved in itaconate synthesis, metabolism of glucose, arginine, prostaglandins and cholesterol. Consistent with this, we observed functional changes in prostaglandin synthesis and arginine metabolism. Selective AMPKα1 activation also unlocks additional regulation of IL-6 and IL-12 in M1 macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Together, our results validate AMPK as a pivotal immunometabolic regulator in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain R Phair
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Raid B Nisr
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Andrew J M Howden
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Magdalena Sovakova
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Noor Alqurashi
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Douglas Lamont
- Centre for Advanced Scientific Technologies, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014 Paris, France.
| | - Graham Rena
- Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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6
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The Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase in Inflammation with a Focus on Infectious Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810546. [PMID: 36142454 PMCID: PMC9500641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling through the degradation of extracellular matrix components and are also involved in the inflammatory response by regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. Dysregulation in the inflammatory response and changes in the extracellular matrix by MMPs are related to the development of various diseases including lung and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, numerous studies have been conducted to understand the role of MMPs in disease pathogenesis. MMPs are involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases through a dysregulation of the activity and expression of MMPs. In this review, we discuss the role of MMPs in infectious diseases and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, we present the potential of MMPs as therapeutic targets in infectious diseases.
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7
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Gaul S, Shahzad K, Medert R, Gadi I, Mäder C, Schumacher D, Wirth A, Ambreen S, Fatima S, Boeckel JN, Khawaja H, Haas J, Brune M, Nawroth PP, Isermann B, Laufs U, Freichel M. Novel Nongenetic Murine Model of Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia-Associated Aggravated Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:813215. [PMID: 35350534 PMCID: PMC8957812 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.813215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Atherosclerosis, the main pathology underlying cardiovascular diseases is accelerated in diabetic patients. Genetic mouse models require breeding efforts which are time-consuming and costly. Our aim was to establish a new nongenetic model of inducible metabolic risk factors that mimics hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, or both and allows the detection of phenotypic differences dependent on the metabolic stressor(s). Methods and Results Wild-type mice were injected with gain-of-function PCSK9D377Y (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) mutant adeno-associated viral particles (AAV) and streptozotocin and fed either a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 or 20 weeks or a high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (Paigen diet, PD) for 8 weeks. To evaluate atherosclerosis, two different vascular sites (aortic sinus and the truncus of the brachiocephalic artery) were examined in the mice. Combined hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic (HGHCi) mice fed a HFD or PD displayed characteristic features of aggravated atherosclerosis when compared to hyperlipidemia (HCi HFD or PD) mice alone. Atherosclerotic plaques of HGHCi HFD animals were larger, showed a less stable phenotype (measured by the increased necrotic core area, reduced fibrous cap thickness, and less α-SMA-positive area) and had more inflammation (increased plasma IL-1β level, aortic pro-inflammatory gene expression, and MOMA-2-positive cells in the BCA) after 20 weeks of HFD. Differences between the HGHCi and HCi HFD models were confirmed using RNA-seq analysis of aortic tissue, revealing that significantly more genes were dysregulated in mice with combined hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia than in the hyperlipidemia-only group. The HGHCi-associated genes were related to pathways regulating inflammation (increased Cd68, iNos, and Tnfa expression) and extracellular matrix degradation (Adamts4 and Mmp14). When comparing HFD with PD, the PD aggravated atherosclerosis to a greater extent in mice and showed plaque formation after 8 weeks. Hyperlipidemic and hyperglycemic mice fed a PD (HGHCi PD) showed less collagen (Sirius red) and increased inflammation (CD68-positive cells) within aortic plaques than hyperlipidemic mice (HCi PD). HGHCi-PD mice represent a directly inducible hyperglycemic atherosclerosis model compared with HFD-fed mice, in which atherosclerosis is severe by 8 weeks. Conclusion We established a nongenetically inducible mouse model allowing comparative analyses of atherosclerosis in HCi and HGHCi conditions and its modification by diet, allowing analyses of multiple metabolic hits in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gaul
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Khurrum Shahzad
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ihsan Gadi
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Mäder
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angela Wirth
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saira Ambreen
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sameen Fatima
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hamzah Khawaja
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, German Diabetes Center (DZD), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter P. Nawroth
- Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, German Diabetes Center (DZD), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Department of Diagnostics, Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Balandeh E, Mohammadshafie K, Mahmoudi Y, Hossein Pourhanifeh M, Rajabi A, Bahabadi ZR, Mohammadi AH, Rahimian N, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Roles of Non-coding RNAs and Angiogenesis in Glioblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716462. [PMID: 34646821 PMCID: PMC8502969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the significant hallmarks of cancer is angiogenesis. It has a crucial function in tumor development and metastasis. Thus, angiogenesis has become one of the most exciting targets for drug development in cancer treatment. Here we discuss the regulatory effects on angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GBM) of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). These ncRNAs may function in trans or cis forms and modify gene transcription by various mechanisms, including epigenetics. NcRNAs may also serve as crucial regulators of angiogenesis-inducing molecules. These molecules include, metalloproteinases, cytokines, several growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and epidermal growth factor), phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforming growth factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Balandeh
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Yaser Mahmoudi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | | | - Ali Rajabi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razaghi Bahabadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Neda Rahimian
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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9
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McMahon M, Ye S, Pedrina J, Dlugolenski D, Stambas J. Extracellular Matrix Enzymes and Immune Cell Biology. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:703868. [PMID: 34527702 PMCID: PMC8436118 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.703868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by ECM metalloproteinases is increasingly being associated with regulation of immune cell function. ECM metalloproteinases, including Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) and ADAMs with Thombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTS) play a vital role in pathogen defence and have been shown to influence migration of immune cells. This review provides a current summary of the role of ECM enzymes in immune cell migration and function and discusses opportunities and limitations for development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting metalloproteinase expression and activity in the context of infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan McMahon
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Siying Ye
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jess Pedrina
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Dlugolenski
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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10
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Xia XD, Alabi A, Wang M, Gu HM, Yang RZ, Wang G, Zhang DW. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), lipid metabolism and therapeutic implications. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:513-526. [PMID: 34297054 PMCID: PMC8530520 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids exert many essential physiological functions, such as serving as a structural component of biological membranes, storing energy, and regulating cell signal transduction. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism can lead to dyslipidemia related to various human diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, lipid metabolism is strictly regulated through multiple mechanisms at different levels, including the extracellular matrix. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), a zinc-dependent endopeptidase, proteolytically cleaves extracellular matrix components, and non-matrix proteins, thereby regulating many physiological and pathophysiological processes. Emerging evidence supports the vital role of MT1-MMP in lipid metabolism. For example, MT1-MMP mediates ectodomain shedding of low-density lipoprotein receptor and increases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and the development of atherosclerosis. It also increases the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque by promoting collagen cleavage. Furthermore, it can cleave the extracellular matrix of adipocytes, affecting adipogenesis and the development of obesity. Therefore, the activity of MT1-MMP is strictly regulated by multiple mechanisms, such as autocatalytic cleavage, endocytosis and exocytosis, and post-translational modifications. Here, we summarize the latest advances in MT1-MMP, mainly focusing on its role in lipid metabolism, the molecular mechanisms regulating the function and expression of MT1-MMP, and their pharmacotherapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511500, China.,Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Adekunle Alabi
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Maggie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Hong-Mei Gu
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Rui Zhe Yang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
| | - Guiqing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Qingyuan People's Hospital), Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6R 2G3, Canada
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11
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Frégeau G, Sarduy R, Elimam H, Esposito CL, Mellal K, Ménard L, Leitão da Graça SD, Proulx C, Zhang J, Febbraio M, Soto Y, Lubell WD, Ong H, Marleau S. Atheroprotective and atheroregressive potential of azapeptide derivatives of GHRP-6 as selective CD36 ligands in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2020; 307:52-62. [PMID: 32721647 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Scavenger receptor class B member 3, also known as cluster of differentiation-36 (CD36) receptor, is involved in the uptake and accumulation of modified lipoprotein in macrophages, driving atherosclerosis progression. Azapeptide analogs of growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) have been developed as selective CD36 ligands and evaluated for their anti-atherosclerotic properties in apoe-/- mice. METHODS From 4 to 19 weeks of age, male apoe-/- mice were fed a high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) diet, then switched to normal chow and treated daily with 300 nmol/kg of MPE-001 ([aza-Tyr4]-GHRP-6) or MPE-003 ([aza-(N,N-diallylaminobut-2-ynyl)Gly4]-GHRP-6) for 9 weeks. In another protocol, mice were fed a HFHC diet throughout the study. RESULTS Azapeptides decreased lesion progression in the aortic arch and reduced aortic sinus lesion areas below pre-existing lesions levels in apoe-/- mice which were switched to chow diet. In mice fed a HFHC throughout the study, azapeptides reduced lesion progression in the aortic vessel and sinus. The anti-atherosclerotic effect of azapeptides was associated with a reduced ratio of iNOS+/CD206+ macrophages within lesions, and lowered plasma inflammatory cytokine levels. Monocytes from azapeptide-treated mice showed altered mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates, consistent with an M2-like phenotype. These effects were dependent on CD36, and not observed in apoe-/-cd36-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Azapeptides MPE-001 and MPE-003 diminished aortic lesion progression and reduced, below pre-existing levels, lesions in the aortic sinus of atherosclerotic mice. A relative increase of M2-like macrophages was observed in lesions, associated with reduced systemic inflammation. Development of CD36-selective azapeptide ligands merits consideration for treating atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Frégeau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Roger Sarduy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hanan Elimam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Cloé L Esposito
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Katia Mellal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Liliane Ménard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Caroline Proulx
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yosdel Soto
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - William D Lubell
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Marleau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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12
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Bondareva O, Tsaryk R, Bojovic V, Odenthal-Schnittler M, Siekmann AF, Schnittler HJ. Identification of atheroprone shear stress responsive regulatory elements in endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1487-1499. [PMID: 30785199 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Oscillatory shear stress (OSS) is an atheroprone haemodynamic force that occurs in areas of vessel irregularities and is implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Changes in signalling and transcriptional programme in response to OSS have been vigorously studied; however, the underlying changes in the chromatin landscape controlling transcription remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the changes in the regulatory element (RE) landscape of endothelial cells under atheroprone OSS conditions in an in vitro model. METHODS AND RESULTS Analyses of H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq enrichment and RNA-Seq in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells 6 h after onset of OSS identified 2806 differential responsive REs and 33 differentially expressed genes compared with control cells kept under static conditions. Furthermore, gene ontology analyses of putative RE-associated genes uncovered enrichment of WNT/HIPPO pathway and cytoskeleton reorganization signatures. Transcription factor (TF) binding motif analysis within RE sequences identified over-representation of ETS, Zinc finger, and activator protein 1 TF families that regulate cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis, implicating them in the development of atherosclerosis. Importantly, we confirmed the activation of EGR1 as well as the YAP/TAZ complex early (6 h) after onset of OSS in both cultured human vein and artery endothelial cells and, by undertaking luciferase assays, functionally verified their role in RE activation in response to OSS. CONCLUSIONS Based on the identification and verification of specific responsive REs early upon OSS exposure, we propose an expanded mechanism of how OSS might contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Bondareva
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, Münster, Germany
| | - Roman Tsaryk
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, Münster, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Vesna Bojovic
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, Münster, Germany
| | - Maria Odenthal-Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, Münster, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology, Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Domagkstrasse 15, Muenster, Germany
| | - Arndt F Siekmann
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, Münster, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hans-J Schnittler
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Vesaliusweg 2-4, Münster, Germany.,Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC 1003 - CiM), Westfälische Wilhelms University of Münster, Waldeyerstrasse 15, Münster, Germany
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13
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Ray A, Ray BK. Suppression of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in breast cancer cells by microRNA-125b-mediated attenuation of serum amyloid A activating factor-1 level. Oncoscience 2019; 6:337-348. [PMID: 31360737 PMCID: PMC6650169 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased level of an inflammation-responsive transcription factor called serum amyloid A-activating factor (SAF-1) has been linked to the pathogenesis in human breast cancer. SAF-1 is found to promote vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in breast carcinoma cells and boost angiogenesis. In an effort to develop a cellular mechanism to control VEGF expression, we sought to limit SAF-1 activity in breast cancer cells. We report here several targets within the SAF-1 mRNA for binding of microRNA-125b (miR-125b) and we show that VEGF expression is reduced in breast cancer cells when SAF-1 level is reduced with the microRNA action. Within the 3' un-translated region (UTR) of SAF-1 transcript, we have identified four highly conserved miR-125b responsive elements. We show that these miR-125b binding sites mediate repression of SAF-1 by miR-125b. Ectopic expression of miR-125b in nonmetastatic and metastatic breast cancer cells repressed SAF-1-mediated activity on VEGF promoter function and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion potentials in vitro. Together, these results suggest that termination of SAF-1 function by miR-125b could be developed as a potential anti-VEGF and anti-angiogenic agent, which has high clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bimal K Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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14
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Revealing the alternative promoter usage of SAF/MAZ gene by bichromatic fluorescent reporter construct. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20171668. [PMID: 30610159 PMCID: PMC6340948 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The large-scale identification of putative alternative promoters study shows more than 52% of human genes are regulated by alternative promoters. The human myc-associated zinc finger protein (SAF/MAZ) gene have SAF-1 and SAF-3 variants transcripted from two transcription start sites (TSSs). By using SAF/MAZ promoter as a model, we set up an approach to probe how the alternative promoters are regulated in real time. We have constructed the bichromatic fluorescent reporter driven by SAF/MAZ 5'-proximal promoter plasmids from which transactivation status of SAF-1 and SAF-3 alternative promoter could be monitored by EGFP and DsRed expression respectively. The results showed that the SAF-3 expression is regulated by alternative promoters. When the bichromatic fluorescent reporter was driven by -1692/+277 or -1401/+277 SAF/MAZ promoter the dominant expression of SAF-3 would be observed in comparison with SAF-1 expression. We also identified that Elk-1 is an inhibitory transcription factor for SAF-3 expression. The temporal diversity of SAF-1 and SAF-3 expressions can be observed via bichromatic fluorescent reporters. These imply that the bichromatic fluorescent reporter driven by alternative promoter construct might be a useful tool for decoding the temporal regulatory repertoire of alternative promoter in human genes.
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15
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Ernst D, Widera C, Baerlecken NT, Schlumberger W, Daehnrich C, Schmidt RE, Gabrysch K, Wallentin L, Witte T. Antibodies against MYC-Associated Zinc Finger Protein: An Independent Marker in Acute Coronary Syndrome? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1595. [PMID: 29209328 PMCID: PMC5702292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerosis is considered the pathophysiology underlying cardiovascular (CVD), cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases. Evidence supporting an autoimmune component is emerging, with imaging studies correlating MYC-associated zinc finger protein antibody (MAZ-Ab) optical density (OD) with plaque activity. This study compares MAZ-Ab OD on ELISA testing among patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACSs) to healthy controls and investigates the association of MAZ-Ab to traditional CVD risk factors. Methods Patients admitted with ACSs between August 2007 and July 2011 were included. Serum samples taken at presentation were retrospectively tested for MAZ-Ab and compared with serum from healthy volunteers with no CVD risk factors. Large-scale assessment of post-ACS prognostic relevance was performed using the established PLATO cohort. Results In total 174 ACS patients and 96 controls were included. Among ACS patients, median MAZ-Ab OD was higher compared with controls (0.46 vs. 0.27; p = 0.001). Although the majority of ACS patients (116/174; 67%) had suffered from a ST-elevation myocardial infarction, no significant differences in MAZ-Ab titers were evident between ACS subtypes (p = 0.682). No associations between MAZ-Ab OD and conventional CVD risk factors were identified. Large-scale testing revealed no prognostic stratification regarding reinfarction (OR 1.04 [95% CI: 0.94–1.16]; p = 0.436). Conclusion MAZ-Ab OD was higher or all ACS phenotypes compared with controls. Given current understanding of MAZ-Ab function, these findings support an autoimmune component to CVD independent of conventional risk factors and indeed the extent of end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ernst
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Widera
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Oldenburg, European Medical School Oldenburg-Groningen, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Niklas T Baerlecken
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katja Gabrysch
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiology, Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torsten Witte
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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16
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Zuo P, Zuo Z, Zheng Y, Wang X, Zhou Q, Chen L, Ma G. Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Deficiency Attenuates Atherosclerotic Lesion Progression and Instability in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:647. [PMID: 28959204 PMCID: PMC5603739 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Accumulating evidence suggests that protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 contributes to the pathophysiology of chronic inflammation on the vasculature. To directly examine the role of PAR-2 in atherosclerosis, we generated apolipoprotein E/PAR-2 double-deficient mice. Mice were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks starting at ages of 6 weeks. PAR-2 deficiency attenuated atherosclerotic lesion progression with reduced total lesion area, reduced percentage of stenosis and reduced total necrotic core area. PAR-2 deficiency increased fibrous cap thickness and collagen content of plaque. Moreover, PAR-2 deficiency decreased smooth muscle cell content, macrophage accumulation, matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression and neovascularization in plaque. Relative quantitative PCR assay using thoracic aorta revealed that PAR-2 deficiency reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. In vitro experiment, we found that PAR-2 deficiency reduced mRNA expression of interferon-γ, interleukin-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in macrophage under unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated conditions. These results suggest that PAR-2 deficiency attenuates the progression and instability of atherosclerotic plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qianxing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
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17
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Ernst D, Weiberg D, Baerlecken NT, Schlumberger W, Daehnrich C, Schmidt RE, Bengel FM, Derlin T, Witte T. Anti-MYC-associated zinc finger protein antibodies are associated with inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions on 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Atherosclerosis 2017; 259:12-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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18
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Iyer RP, Jung M, Lindsey ML. MMP-9 signaling in the left ventricle following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H190-8. [PMID: 27208160 PMCID: PMC4967202 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00243.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of cardiac wound healing responses that involve both the stimulation of robust inflammation to clear necrotic myocytes and tissue debris and the induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis to generate an infarct scar. The collective changes in myocardial structure and function are termed LV remodeling, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a key instigator of post-MI LV remodeling. Through direct molecular effects on ECM and inflammatory protein turnover as well as indirect effects on major cell types that coordinate cardiac wound healing, namely the infiltrating leukocytes and the cardiac fibroblasts, MMP-9 coordinates multiple aspects of LV remodeling. In this review, we will discuss recent research that has expanded our understanding of post-MI LV remodeling, including recent proteomic advances focused on the ECM compartment to provide novel functional and translational insights. This overview will summarize how our understanding of MMP-9 has evolved over the last decade and will provide insight into future directions that will drive our understanding of MMP-9-directed cardiac ECM turnover in the post-MI LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugmani Padmanabhan Iyer
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Mira Jung
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; and Research Service, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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19
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Ruddy JM, Ikonomidis JS, Jones JA. Multidimensional Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases to Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability: Multiple Mechanisms of Inhibition to Promote Stability. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:1-16. [PMID: 27327039 PMCID: PMC7196926 DOI: 10.1159/000446703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atherosclerotic disease continues to increase, and despite significant reductions in major cardiovascular events with current medical interventions, an additional therapeutic window exists. Atherosclerotic plaque growth is a complex integration of cholesterol penetration, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration, and neovascular invasion. A family of matrix-degrading proteases, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), contributes to all phases of vascular remodeling. The contribution of specific MMPs to endothelial cell integrity and VSMC migration in atherosclerotic lesion initiation and progression has been confirmed by the increased expression of these proteases in plasma and plaque specimens. Endogenous blockade of MMPs by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may attenuate proteolysis in some regions, but the progression of matrix degeneration suggests that MMPs predominate in atherosclerotic plaque, precipitating vulnerability. Plaque neovascularization also contributes to instability and, coupling the known role of MMPs in angiogenesis to that of atherosclerotic plaque growth, interest in targeting MMPs to facilitate plaque stabilization continues to accumulate. This article aims to review the contributions of MMPs and TIMPs to atherosclerotic plaque expansion, neovascularization, and rupture vulnerability with an interest in promoting targeted therapies to improve plaque stabilization and decrease the risk of major cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marie Ruddy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, S.C., USA
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20
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Transcription factor KLF6 upregulates expression of metalloprotease MMP14 and subsequent release of soluble endoglin during vascular injury. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:155-71. [PMID: 26850053 PMCID: PMC4819519 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
After endothelial injury, the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) translocates into the cell nucleus to regulate a variety of target genes involved in angiogenesis, vascular repair and remodeling, including components of the membrane transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) receptor complex such as endoglin and activin receptor-like kinase 1. The membrane metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14 or MT1-MMP) targets endoglin to release soluble endoglin and is involved in vascular inflammation and endothelial tubulogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of MMP14 expression during vascular wounding. In vitro denudation of monolayers of human endothelial cell monolayers leads to an increase in the KLF6 gene transcriptional rate, followed by an upregulation of MMP14 and release of soluble endoglin. Concomitant with this process, MMP14 co-localizes with endoglin in the sprouting endothelial cells surrounding the wound border. MMP14 expression at mRNA and protein levels is increased by ectopic KLF6 and downregulated by KLF6 suppression in cultured endothelial cells. Moreover, after wire-induced endothelial denudation, Klf6+/− mice show lower levels of MMP14 in their vasculature compared with their wild-type siblings. Ectopic cellular expression of KLF6 results in an increased transcription rate of MMP14, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that KLF6 interacts with MMP14 promoter in ECs, this interaction being enhanced during wound healing. Furthermore, KLF6 markedly increases the transcriptional activity of different reporter constructs of MMP14 gene promoter. These results suggest that KLF6 regulates MMP14 transcription and is a critical player of the gene expression network triggered during endothelial repair.
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21
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Di Gregoli K, George SJ, Jackson CL, Newby AC, Johnson JL. Differential effects of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 on atherosclerosis and monocyte/macrophage invasion. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 109:318-30. [PMID: 26645981 PMCID: PMC4724937 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS MMPs contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and instability, but the relative potency of their endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) as protective factors has not been defined. We therefore investigated the impact of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 knockout on atherosclerotic plaque burden and composition in apolipoprotein E-knockout (Apoe(-/-)) mice and studied the underlying effects on monocyte/macrophage behaviour. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of brachiocephalic artery plaques revealed comparable atherosclerotic lesion areas between TIMP-1(-/-) Apoe(-/-) or TIMP-2(-/-) Apoe(-/-) double deficient mice and relevant age-matched, strain-matched Apoe(-/-) controls after 8 weeks of high-fat feeding. However, lesions from TIMP-2(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice had higher levels of markers associated with plaque vulnerability, including increased macrophage: vascular smooth muscle cell ratios, larger necrotic core areas, reduced collagen contents, increased macrophage proliferation, and apoptosis frequencies, compared with TIMP-1(-/-)Apoe(-/-) and controls. In contrast, TIMP-1(-/-) Apoe(-/-) animals only had a significant reduction in vascular smooth muscle cell content compared with Apoe(-/-) controls. In vitro and in vivo findings implicated heightened monocyte/macrophage invasion in the detrimental effects observed on atherosclerotic plaque composition in TIMP-2(-/-) Apoe(-/-) mice. Moreover, TIMP-2 specifically decreased MMP-14-dependent monocyte/macrophage infiltration into sites of experimentally induced inflammation and established atherosclerotic lesions. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that TIMP-2 plays a greater protective role than TIMP-1 during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, in part by suppressing MMP-14-dependent monocyte/macrophage accumulation into plaques.
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22
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Zuo P, Zhou Q, Zuo Z, Wang X, Chen L, Ma G. Effects of the factor Xa inhibitor, fondaparinux, on the stability of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circ J 2015; 79:2499-508. [PMID: 26346031 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-15-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory disease that can lead to sudden cardiac events by plaque rupture and subsequent thrombosis. Factor Xa (FXa) not only occupies a crucial position in the coagulation cascade responsible for thrombin generation, but also has pro-inflammatory effects. The hypothesis that Fondaparinux, the selective FXa inhibitor, attenuates plaque progression and promotes stability of atherosclerotic lesions was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS Fondaparinux (5 mg/kg body weight/day) or 0.9% saline was intraperitoneally administered for 4 weeks to apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (n=12 per group) with established atherosclerotic lesions in the innominate arteries. Fondaparinux did not remarkably decrease the progression of atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, but increased the thickness of fibrous cap (P=0.049) and decreased the ratio of necrotic core (P=0.001) significantly. Moreover, Fondaparinux reduced the staining against Mac-2 (P=0.017), α-SMA (P=0.002), protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 (P=0.001), PAR-2 (P=0.003), CD-31 (P=0.024), MMP-9 (P=0.000), MMP-13(P=0.011), VCAM-1 (P=0.041) and the mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators (P<0.05) significantly, such as interleukin (IL)-6, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10 and Egr-1. CONCLUSIONS Fondaparinux, the selective FXa inhibitor, can promote the stability of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, possibly through inhibiting expression of the inflammatory mediators in plaque and reduced synthesis of MMP-9 and MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University
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Di Gregoli K, Jenkins N, Salter R, White S, Newby AC, Johnson JL. MicroRNA-24 regulates macrophage behavior and retards atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1990-2000. [PMID: 24990232 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our recent studies have highlighted membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 as a selective marker for an invasive subset of macrophages potentially related to atherosclerotic plaque progression. Moreover, colony stimulating factors (CSF) may exert divergent effects on macrophage MMP expression, possibly through microRNAs. We, therefore, aim to identify and test the pathophysiological role of microRNAs, which modulate macrophage MMP-14 expression in atherosclerotic plaque progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Compared with macrophage CSF-differentiated macrophages, granulocyte/macrophage CSF-matured macrophages exhibited reduced MMP-14 mRNA levels but increased protein expression and activity, which resulted in heightened macrophage invasion. MicroRNA-24, identified to target MMP-14, was accordingly increased in macrophage CSF compared with granulocyte/macrophage CSF macrophages. Silencing microRNA-24 in macrophage CSF macrophages significantly increased MMP-14 expression and enhanced their invasive capacity, mimicking granulocyte/macrophage CSF macrophages, and suggesting that granulocyte/macrophage CSF modulates MMP-14 protein expression and subsequent macrophage invasion in a microRNA-24-dependent manner. In human coronary atherosclerotic plaques, increased MMP-14 protein expression in foam cell macrophages was associated with lesions exhibiting histological characteristics associated with an unstable phenotype. Furthermore, microRNA-24 expression in these atherosclerotic plaques was inversely related to MMP-14 protein expression. Moreover, stable plaques contained higher microRNA-24 levels than unstable plaques, and microRNA-24 colocalized with foam cell macrophages that exhibited low MMP-14 protein expression. Finally, in atherosclerotic mice (apolipoprotein E-deficient), microRNA-24 inhibition increased plaque size and macrophage MMP-14 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data demonstrates that downregulation of microRNA-24 promotes an invasive macrophage subset and plays a novel regulatory role in MMP-14 proteolytic activity and, therefore, plaque stability, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Di Gregoli
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jenkins
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Salter
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen White
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew C Newby
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jason L Johnson
- From the School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom.
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Dhaouadi N, Li JY, Feugier P, Gustin MP, Dab H, Kacem K, Bricca G, Cerutti C. Computational identification of potential transcriptional regulators of TGF-ß1 in human atherosclerotic arteries. Genomics 2014; 103:357-70. [PMID: 24819318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TGF-ß is protective in atherosclerosis but deleterious in metastatic cancers. Our aim was to determine whether TGF-ß transcriptional regulation is tissue-specific in early atherosclerosis. The computational methods included 5 steps: (i) from microarray data of human atherosclerotic carotid tissue, to identify the 10 best co-expressed genes with TGFB1 (TGFB1 gene cluster), (ii) to choose the 11 proximal promoters, (iii) to predict the TFBS shared by the promoters, (iv) to identify the common TFs co-expressed with the TGFB1 gene cluster, and (v) to compare the common TFs in the early lesions to those identified in advanced atherosclerotic lesions and in various cancers. Our results show that EGR1, SP1 and KLF6 could be responsible for TGFB1 basal expression, KLF6 appearing specific to atherosclerotic lesions. Among the TFs co-expressed with the gene cluster, transcriptional activators (SLC2A4RG, MAZ) and repressors (ZBTB7A, PATZ1, ZNF263) could be involved in the fine-tuning of TGFB1 expression in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedra Dhaouadi
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France; Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jacques-Yuan Li
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Feugier
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Paule Gustin
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Houcine Dab
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Kacem
- Unité de Physiologie Intégrée, Laboratoire de Pathologies Vasculaires, Université de Carthage, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Giampiero Bricca
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Cerutti
- EA 4173 Génomique Fonctionnelle de l'Hypertension Artérielle, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Hôpital Nord-Ouest Villefranche-sur-Saône, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon, France.
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Stegemann C, Didangelos A, Barallobre-Barreiro J, Langley SR, Mandal K, Jahangiri M, Mayr M. Proteomic Identification of Matrix Metalloproteinase Substrates in the Human Vasculature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 6:106-17. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.112.964452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a key role in cardiovascular disease, in particular aneurysm formation and plaque rupture. Surprisingly, little is known about MMP substrates in the vasculature.
Methods and Results—
We used a proteomics approach to identify vascular substrates for 3 MMPs, 1 of each of the 3 major classes of MMPs: Human arteries were incubated with MMP-3 (a member of stromelysins), MMP-9 (considered a gelatinase), and MMP-14 (considered a member of the collagenases and of the membrane-bound MMPs). Candidate substrates were identified by mass spectrometry based on increased release from the arterial tissue on digestion, spectral evidence for proteolytic degradation after gel separation, and identification of nontryptic cleavage sites. Using this approach, novel candidates were identified, including extracellular matrix proteins associated with the basement membrane, elastic fibers (emilin-1), and other extracellular proteins (periostin, tenascin-X). Seventy-four nontryptic cleavage sites were detected, many of which were shared among different MMPs. The proteomics findings were validated by immunoblotting and by digesting recombinant/purified proteins with exogenous MMPs. As proof-of-principle, results were related to in vivo pathology by searching for corresponding degradation products in human aortic tissue with different levels of endogenous MMP-9.
Conclusions—
The application of proteomics to identify MMP targets is a new frontier in cardiovascular research. Our current classification of MMPs based on few substrates is an oversimplification of a complex area of biology. This study provides a more comprehensive assessment of potential MMP substrates in the vasculature and represents a valuable resource for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Stegemann
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Athanasios Didangelos
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Javier Barallobre-Barreiro
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Sarah R. Langley
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Kaushik Mandal
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Marjan Jahangiri
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
| | - Manuel Mayr
- From the King’s British Heart Foundation Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); The James Black Centre, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom (C.S., A.D., J.B.-B., S.L., M.M.); Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (K.M.); and Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George’s Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.J.)
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26
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Smits M, Wurdinger T, van het Hof B, Drexhage JAR, Geerts D, Wesseling P, Noske DP, Vandertop WP, de Vries HE, Reijerkerk A. Myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) is regulated by miR-125b and mediates VEGF-induced angiogenesis in glioblastoma. FASEB J 2012; 26:2639-47. [PMID: 22415301 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In patients with glioblastomas, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key mediator of tumor-associated angiogenesis. Glioblastomas are notorious for their capacity to induce neovascularization, driving continued tumor growth. Here we report that miR-125b is down-regulated in glioblastoma-associated endothelial cells, resulting in increased expression of its target, myc-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ), a transcription factor that regulates VEGF. The down-regulation of miR-125b was also observed on exposure of endothelial cells to glioblastoma-conditioned medium or VEGF, resulting in increased MAZ expression. Further analysis revealed that inhibition of MAZ accumulation by miR-125b, or by MAZ-specific shRNAs, attenuated primary human brain endothelial cell migration and tubule formation in vitro, phenomena considered to mimick angiogenic processes in vitro. Moreover, MAZ expression was elevated in brain blood vessels of glioblastoma patients. Altogether these results demonstrate a functional feed-forward loop in glioblastoma-related angiogenesis, in which VEGF inhibits the expression of miR-125b, resulting in increased expression of MAZ, which in its turn causes transcriptional activation of VEGF. This loop is functionally impeded by the VEGF receptor inhibitor vandetanib, and our results may contribute to the further development of inhibitors of tumor-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Smits
- Neuro-oncology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Lenglet S, Thomas A, Chaurand P, Galan K, Mach F, Montecucco F. Molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in atherosclerotic plaques. Thromb Haemost 2012; 107:409-16. [PMID: 22274652 DOI: 10.1160/th11-10-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction often result from the sudden rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. The subsequent arterial thrombosis occluding the vessel lumen has been widely indicated as the crucial acute event causing peripheral tissue ischaemia. A complex cross-talk between systemic and intraplaque inflammatory mediators has been shown to regulate maturation, remodeling and final rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes (released by several cell subsets within atherosclerotic plaques), which favour atherogenesis and increase plaque vulnerability. Thus, the assessment of intraplaque levels and activity of MMP might be of pivotal relevance in the evaluation of the risk of rupture. New imaging approaches, focused on the visualisation of inflammation in the vessel wall and plaque, may emerge as tools for individualised risk assessment and prevention of events. In this review, we summarize experimental findings of the currently available invasive and noninvasive imaging techniques, used to detect the presence and activity of MMPs in atherosclerotic plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lenglet
- Cardiology Division, Foundation for Medical Research, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Park JH, Park SM, Park KH, Cho KH, Lee ST. Analysis of apolipoprotein A-I as a substrate for matrix metalloproteinase-14. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 409:58-63. [PMID: 21549099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Substrates for matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-14 were previously identified in human plasma using proteomic techniques. One putative MMP-14 substrate was apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), a major component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In vitro cleavage assays showed that lipid-free apoA-I is a more accessible substrate for MMP-14 compared to lipid-bound apoA-I, and that MMP-14 is more prone to digest apoA-I than MMP-3. The 28-kDa apoA-I was cleaved into smaller fragments of 27, 26, 25, 22, and 14-kDa by MMP-14. ApoA-I sites cleaved by MMP-14 were determined by isotope labeling of C-termini derived from the cleavage and analysis of the labeled peptides by mass spectrometry, along with N-terminal sequencing of the fragments. Cleavage of apoA-I by MMP-14 resulted in a loss of ability to form HDL. Our results suggest that cleavage of lipid-free apoA-I by MMP-14 may contribute to reduced HDL formation, and this may be occurring during the development of various vascular diseases as lipid metabolism is disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Chen LC, Chen CC, Liang Y, Tsang NM, Chang YS, Hsueh C. A novel role for TNFAIP2: its correlation with invasion and metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:175-84. [PMID: 21057457 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that is present in the microenvironment of many tumors and is known to promote tumor progression. To examine how TNFα modulates the progression and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, we used Affymetrix chips to identify TNFα-inducible genes that are dysregulated in this tumor. Elevated expression of TNFAIP2, which encodes TNFα-inducible protein 2 and not previously known to be associated with cancer, was found and confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR of TNFAIP2 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the TNFAIP2 protein was highly expressed in tumor cells. Analysis of 95 nasopharyngeal carcinoma biopsy specimens revealed that high TNFAIP2 expression was significantly correlated with high-level intratumoral microvessel density (P=0.005) and low distant metastasis-free survival (P=0.001). A multivariate analysis further confirmed that TNFAIP2 was an independent prognostic factor for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P=0.002). In vitro, TNFα treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HK1 cells was found to induce TNFAIP2 expression, and siRNA-based knockdown of TNFAIP2 dramatically reduced the migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HK1 cells. These results collectively suggest for the first time that TNFAIP2 is a cell migration-promoting protein and its expression predicts distant metastasis. Our data suggest that TNFAIP2 may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Chyang Chen
- Chang Gung Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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30
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Hödar C, Assar R, Colombres M, Aravena A, Pavez L, González M, Martínez S, Inestrosa NC, Maass A. Genome-wide identification of new Wnt/beta-catenin target genes in the human genome using CART method. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:348. [PMID: 20515496 PMCID: PMC2996972 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of in silico predictions for understanding cellular processes is now widely accepted, and a variety of algorithms useful for studying different biological features have been designed. In particular, the prediction of cis regulatory modules in non-coding human genome regions represents a major challenge for understanding gene regulation in several diseases. Recently, studies of the Wnt signaling pathway revealed a connection with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. In this article, we construct a classification tool that uses the transcription factor binding site motifs composition of some gene promoters to identify new Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes potentially involved in brain diseases. Results In this study, we propose 89 new Wnt/β-catenin pathway target genes predicted in silico by using a method based on multiple Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis. We used as decision variables the presence of transcription factor binding site motifs in the upstream region of each gene. This prediction was validated by RT-qPCR in a sample of 9 genes. As expected, LEF1, a member of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor family (TCF/LEF1), was relevant for the classification algorithm and, remarkably, other factors related directly or indirectly to the inflammatory response and amyloidogenic processes also appeared to be relevant for the classification. Among the 89 new Wnt/β-catenin pathway targets, we found a group expressed in brain tissue that could be involved in diverse responses to neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). These genes represent new candidates to protect cells against amyloid β toxicity, in agreement with the proposed neuroprotective role of the Wnt signaling pathway. Conclusions Our multiple CART strategy proved to be an effective tool to identify new Wnt/β-catenin pathway targets based on the study of their regulatory regions in the human genome. In particular, several of these genes represent a new group of transcriptional dependent targets of the canonical Wnt pathway. The functions of these genes indicate that they are involved in pathophysiology related to Alzheimer's disease or other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hödar
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Expresión Génica, INTA, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Ray A, Dhar S, Shakya A, Ray P, Okada Y, Ray BK. SAF-3, a novel splice variant of the SAF-1/MAZ/Pur-1 family, is expressed during inflammation. FEBS J 2009; 276:4276-86. [PMID: 19583771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Cys2His2-type zinc finger transcription factor serum amyloid A activating factor 1 [SAF-1, also known as MAZ (myc-associated zinc finger protein) or Pur-1 (purine binding factor-1)] plays an important role in regulation of a variety of inflammation-responsive genes. An SAF-2 splice variant acting as a negative regulator of SAF-1 was identified previously, and the present study reports the identification of a novel SAF-3 splice variant that is expressed during inflammation. SAF-3 mRNA, isolated from a cDNA library produced from IL-1beta-induced cells, originates from a previously unknown first coding exon, and thereby contains a unique N-terminal domain but shares the same six zinc finger DNA-binding domains as present in SAF-1. In addition, a negatively functioning domain present at the N-terminus of SAF-1 and SAF-2 is spliced out in SAF-3. The expression of SAF-3 is very low in normal tissues and in cells grown under normal conditions. However, RT-PCR analysis of mRNAs from cytokine and growth factor-induced cells as well of mRNAs isolated from several diseased tissues revealed abundant expression of SAF-3. The transactivation potential of SAF-3 is much greater than that of the predominantly expressed splice variant SAF-1. These findings show that transcriptional regulation of downstream inflammation-responsive genes by SAF/MAZ/Pur-1 is likely to be more complex than previously assumed. In addition, we show that SAF-3 expression initiates from an upstream novel promoter. This is the first report of the existence of multiple promoters regulating expression of the SAF/MAZ/Pur-1 family of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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33
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Malle E, Sodin-Semrl S, Kovacevic A. Serum amyloid A: an acute-phase protein involved in tumour pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:9-26. [PMID: 18726069 PMCID: PMC4864400 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-008-8321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of acute-phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA) is largely regulated by inflammation- associated cytokines and a high concentration of circulating SAA may represent an ideal marker for acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. However, SAA is also synthesized in extrahepatic tissues, e.g. human carcinoma metastases and cancer cell lines. An increasing body of in vitro data supports the concept of involvement of SAA in carcinogenesis and neoplastic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that SAA might be included in a group of biomarkers to detect a pattern of physiological events that reflect the growth of malignancy and host response. This review is meant to provide a broad overview of the many ways that SAA could contribute to tumour development, and accelerate tumour progression and metastasis, and to gain a better understanding of this acute-phase reactant as a possible link between chronic inflammation and neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Malle
- Center of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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34
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Park JH, Park SM, Park SH, Cho KH, Lee ST. Cleavage and functional loss of human apolipoprotein E by digestion of matrix metalloproteinase-14. Proteomics 2008; 8:2926-35. [PMID: 18655030 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
By means of a degradomic approach applying proteomic techniques, we previously suggested that apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a substrate of matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14). Here we confirm that apoE is, in fact, a substrate of MMP-14 and also of MMP-7 and MMP-2 to a lesser extent. The 34 kDa apoE protein was initially processed by MMP-14 into fragments with molecular masses of 28, 23, 21, and 11 kDa. MMP-14 cleavage sites within the apoE protein were determined by C-terminal labeling of MMP-14-digested apoE fragments with isotope ((18)O/(16)O = 1:1) and identification of the doublet fragments or peptides showing 2 Da difference by MS, along with N-terminal sequencing of the fragments. It was determined that the primary MMP-14 cleavage sites were A(176)-I(177), P(183)-L(184), P(202)-L(203), and Q(249)-I(250). The MMP-14-mediated cleavage of apoE was consistent regardless of whether apoE existed in its lipid-bound or lipid-free form. Upon digestion with MMP-14, apoE loses its ability to suppress the platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration of rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Considering the important role of apoE for lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis protection, our findings suggest that MMP-14 plays an essential role for the development of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis as a result of degradation of apoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Protein Network Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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35
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Johnson JL, Sala-Newby GB, Ismail Y, Aguilera CM, Newby AC. Low tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 and high matrix metalloproteinase 14 levels defines a subpopulation of highly invasive foam-cell macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1647-53. [PMID: 18566294 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.170548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An excess of metalloproteinases (MMPs) over tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may favor atherosclerotic plaque rupture. We compared TIMP levels in nonfoamy and foam-cell macrophages (FCM) generated in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS In vivo generated rabbit FCM exhibited 84% reduced TIMP-3 protein compared to nonfoamy macrophages, and immunocytochemistry revealed a TIMP-3 negative subset (28%). Strikingly, only TIMP-3 negative FCM invaded a synthetic basement membrane, and invasion was inhibited by exogenous TIMP-3. TIMP-3 negative FCM also had increased proliferation and apoptosis rates compared to TIMP-3 positive cells, which were retarded by exogenous TIMP-3; this also reduced gelatinolytic activity. TIMP-3 negative FCM were found at the base of advanced rabbit plaques and in the rupture-prone shoulders of human plaques. To explain the actions of low TIMP-3 we observed a 26-fold increase in MT1-MMP (MMP-14) protein in FCM. Adding an MT1-MMP neutralizing antibody reduced foam-cell invasion, apoptosis, and gelatinolytic activity. Furthermore, MT1-MMP overexpressing and TIMP-3 negative FCM were found at the same locations in atherosclerotic plaques. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TIMP-3 is downregulated in a distinct subpopulation of FCM which have increased MMP-14. These cells are highly invasive and have increased proliferation and apoptosis, all properties expected to destabilise atherosclerotic plaques.
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Sierra JR, Corso S, Caione L, Cepero V, Conrotto P, Cignetti A, Piacibello W, Kumanogoh A, Kikutani H, Comoglio PM, Tamagnone L, Giordano S. Tumor angiogenesis and progression are enhanced by Sema4D produced by tumor-associated macrophages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:1673-85. [PMID: 18559453 PMCID: PMC2442644 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased evidence suggests that cancer-associated inflammation supports tumor growth and progression. We have previously shown that semaphorin 4D (Sema4D), a ligand produced by different cell types, is a proangiogenic molecule that acts by binding to its receptor, plexin B1, expressed on endothelial cells (Conrotto, P., D. Valdembri, S. Corso, G. Serini, L. Tamagnone, P.M. Comoglio, F. Bussolino, and S. Giordano. 2005. Blood. 105:4321–4329). The present work highlights the role of Sema4D produced by the tumor microenvironment on neoplastic angiogenesis. We show that in an environment lacking Sema4D, the ability of cancer cells to generate tumor masses and metastases is severely impaired. This condition can be explained by a defective vascularization inside the tumor. We demonstrate that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the main cells producing Sema4D within the tumor stroma and that their ability to produce Sema4D is critical for tumor angiogenesis and vessel maturation. This study helps to explain the protumoral role of inflammatory cells of the tumor stroma and leads to the identification of an angiogenic molecule that might be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rafael Sierra
- Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Newby AC. Metalloproteinases and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2008; 17:253-8. [PMID: 18021934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plaque rupture is the main cause of myocardial infarctions and strokes. Ruptured plaques have thin, highly inflamed, and collagen-poor fibrous caps that contain elevated levels of proteases, including metalloproteinases (MMPs), which might weaken plaque caps and promote rupture. On the other hand, MMPs facilitate migration and proliferation vascular smooth muscle cells, which should promote fibrous cap stability. Given the dual effects of MMPs, therapies should selectively target harmful MMPs or the processes that cause MMP activity to rise to destructive levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Newby
- University of Bristol, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol BS2 8HW.
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Schneider F, Sukhova GK, Aikawa M, Canner J, Gerdes N, Tang SMT, Shi GP, Apte SS, Libby P. Matrix-metalloproteinase-14 deficiency in bone-marrow-derived cells promotes collagen accumulation in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. Circulation 2008; 117:931-9. [PMID: 18250269 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.707448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial collagen plays a crucial structural role in arteries. Although in vitro results suggest collagenase activity for membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase type 1 (MMP-14), in vivo evidence for such a function in atherosclerosis remains scant. METHODS AND RESULTS Because Mmp14-/- mice die by 3 weeks of age, this study used lethally irradiated low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells of Mmp14-/- or Mmp14+/+ mice. In both groups, histological analyses of the aortic root revealed similar plaque size and macrophage and smooth muscle cell content after 8 or 16 weeks of atherogenic diet. By 16 weeks, however, the plaques of low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice engrafted with Mmp14-/- bone marrow (n=12) contained significantly more interstitial collagen than those receiving Mmp14+/+ bone marrow (n=14; P<0.05). In vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages from Mmp14-/- mice had significantly less interstitial collagenase activity than those from Mmp14+/+ mice both basally (P<0.01) and on tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulation (P<0.05). Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography of aortic extracts revealed that MMP-14 deficiency yielded decreased activation of pro-MMP-13 but not of pro-MMP-2 or pro-MMP-8. CONCLUSIONS MMP-14 from bone marrow-derived cells can influence the collagen content of mouse atheroma, a critical component of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Schneider
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center and Fondation Leducq Transatlantic Network on Atherothrombosis, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA
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Ray BK, Shakya A, Ray A. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in arthritic joint is regulated by SAF-1 transcription factor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:1774-82. [PMID: 17237427 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.3.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis by promoting angiogenesis in the synovial joint and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the synovial joint. Although ample information has been obtained on the mechanism of VEGF regulation during cancer and hypoxic condition, less is known about the control of VEGF expression during arthritis. From the studies on the experimentally induced arthritis in a transgenic mouse model that overexpresses a transcription factor, serum amyloid A activating factor-1 (SAF-1), leading to markedly higher levels of angiogenesis, synovial inflammation, and inflammatory cell infiltration, we have identified a novel mechanism of VEGF regulation. We present molecular evidence that VEGF expression is increased in SAF-1-transgenic mice and that SAF-1 induces VEGF transcription by directly binding to its promoter. Deletion of SAF-1 binding elements from the VEGF promoter as well as knockdown of endogenous SAF-1 markedly inhibited IL-1beta- and TGF-beta-mediated induction of VEGF expression in chondrocyte cells. By chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, in vivo, markedly higher levels of SAF-1 interaction with the VEGF promoter was detected in the cartilage tissues of arthritic mice as well as human osteoarthritic patients. Together, these results provide a new insight into the molecular mechanism of VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal K Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Kuge Y, Takai N, Ishino S, Temma T, Shiomi M, Saji H. Distribution Profiles of Membrane Type-1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in Rabbit Atherosclerosis: Comparison with Plaque Instability Analysis. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1634-40. [PMID: 17827712 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite increasing evidence that membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the possible links among these enzymes remain unclear. Accordingly, we investigated the distribution of MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and COX-2 immunohistologically in the atherosclerotic lesions of hypercholesterolemic (WHHLMI) rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS Distribution of MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and COX-2 was examined by immunohistochemical staining using sixty cross sections of the ascending-arch and thoracic aortas prepared from 4 WHHLMI rabbits. MT1-MMP and MMP-2 staining was prominently observed in the macrophage-rich regions of the atheromatous lesions, and was positively correlated with morphological vulnerability (r=0.63 for MT1-MMP; r=0.60 for MMP-2; p<0.0001). MT1-MMP staining was positively correlated with MMP-2 staining (r=0.61, p<0.0001). COX-2 staining was also the highest in the macrophage-rich regions of the atheromatous lesions, with relatively high staining levels in other more stable lesions. CONCLUSIONS Co-distribution of MT1-MMP, MMP-2, and COX-2 was demonstrated in grade IV atheroma, indicating a possible link among these enzymes in the destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. The relatively high COX-2 distribution in other more stable lesions may indicate its additional roles in the stabilization of atherosclerotic lesions. The present findings in hypercholesterolemic rabbits should help advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and provide useful information for the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic (imaging) agents that target MMPs and COX-2 in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kuge
- Department of Patho-functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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Ray A, Shakya A, Kumar D, Benson MD, Ray BK. Inflammation-responsive transcription factor SAF-1 activity is linked to the development of amyloid A amyloidosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2601-9. [PMID: 16888022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.4.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abundantly expressed serum amyloid A (SAA) protein under chronic inflammatory conditions gives rise to insoluble aggregates of SAA derivatives in multiple organs resulting in reactive amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis, a consequence of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ankylosing spondylitis, familial Mediterranean fever, and Castleman's disease. An inflammation-responsive transcription factor, SAF (for SAA activating factor), has been implicated in the sustained expression of amyloidogenic SAA under chronic inflammatory conditions. However, its role in the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis has thus far remained obscure. In this paper we have shown that SAF-1, a major member of the SAF family, is abundantly present in human AA amyloidosis patients. To assess whether SAF-1 is directly linked to the pathogenesis of AA amyloidosis, we have developed a SAF-1 transgenic mouse model. SAF-1-overexpressing mice spontaneously developed AA amyloidosis at the age of 14 mo or older. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the nature of the amyloid deposits as an AA type derived from amyloidogenic SAA1. Furthermore, SAF-1 transgenic mice rapidly developed severe AA amyloidosis in response to azocasein injection, indicating increased susceptibility to inflammation. Also, during inflammation SAF-1 transgenic mice exhibited a prolonged acute phase response, leading to an extended period of SAA synthesis. Together, these results provide direct evidence that SAF-1 plays a key role in the development of AA amyloidosis, a consequence of chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Ray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 126A Connaway Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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