1
|
Yang JM, Jung SY, Kim MS, Lee SW, Yon DK, Shin JI, Lee JY. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibodies: a World Health Organization pharmacovigilance study. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00419-6. [PMID: 39004231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze cardiovascular and cerebrovascular adverse events (ADRs) after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; aflibercept, bevacizumab, brolucizumab, and ranibizumab) treatment. SUBJECTS VigiBase, a World Health Organization (WHO) global safety report database DESIGN: Pharmacovigilance study METHODS: The individual-case-safety reports (ICSR) of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ADRs after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment were compared with those reported in the full database. From 2004 to 2023, 23,129 ADRs after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy and 25,015,132 ADRs associated with any drug (full database). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information components (IC) were calculated, and the 95% lower credibility interval endpoint of the information component (IC025) was used for disproportionate Bayesian reporting. Inter-drug comparisons were performed using the ratio of odd ratio (rOR). RESULTS Compared with the full database, anti-VEGFs were associated with an increased reporting of myocardial infarction (IC025 0.75; ROR: 1.78 [95% CI 1.70-1.86]), angina pectoris (IC025 0.53; ROR: 1.61 [95% CI 1.47-1.77]), arrythemias including atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia (all IC025 >0, ROR>1), hypertension (IC025 2.22; ROR: 4.91 [95% CI 4.82-5.01]), and hypertensive crisis (IC025 1.97; ROR: 4.49 [95% CI 4.07-4.97]). Moreover, anti-VEGFs were associated with a higher reporting of cerebrovascular ADRs such as cerebral infarction (IC025 4.34; ROR: 23.19 [95% CI 22.10-24.34]), carotid artery stenosis (IC025 1.85; ROR: 5.24 [95% CI 3.98-6.89]), cerebral hemorrhage (IC025 2.29; ROR: 5.38 [95% CI 5.03-5.76]), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (IC025 1.98; ROR: 4.81 [95% CI 4.14-5.6]). Inter-drug comparison indicated that compared to ranibizumab, patients with aflibercept showed overall under-reporting of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ADRs such as myocardial infarction (rOR 0.55 [95% CI 0.49-0.52]), atrial fibrillation (rOR 0.28 [95% CI 0.23-0.35]), cerebrovascular accident (rOR, 0.15 [95% CI 0.14-0.17]), and cerebral hemorrhage (rOR, 0.51 [95% CI 0.40-0.65]). CONCLUSIONS In this pharmacovigilance case-noncase study, significantly increased reporting of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ADRs were identified after intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment. While ranibizumab may exhibit superior systemic safety regarding its biological characteristics, it is crucial not to overlook the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular ADRs considering its higher reporting rate than bevacizumab or aflibercept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Myung Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Yong Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seung Won Lee
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Joo Yong Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wen Y, Yang H, Hong Y. Transcriptomic Approaches to Cardiomyocyte-Biomaterial Interactions: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4175-4194. [PMID: 38934720 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials, essential for supporting, enhancing, and repairing damaged tissues, play a critical role in various medical applications. This Review focuses on the interaction of biomaterials and cardiomyocytes, emphasizing the unique significance of transcriptomic approaches in understanding their interactions, which are pivotal in cardiac bioengineering and regenerative medicine. Transcriptomic approaches serve as powerful tools to investigate how cardiomyocytes respond to biomaterials, shedding light on the gene expression patterns, regulatory pathways, and cellular processes involved in these interactions. Emerging technologies such as bulk RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and spatial transcriptomics offer promising avenues for more precise and in-depth investigations. Longitudinal studies, pathway analyses, and machine learning techniques further improve the ability to explore the complex regulatory mechanisms involved. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities of utilizing transcriptomic techniques in cardiomyocyte-biomaterial research. Although there are ongoing challenges such as costs, cell size limitation, sample differences, and complex analytical process, there exist exciting prospects in comprehensive gene expression analyses, biomaterial design, cardiac disease treatment, and drug testing. These multimodal methodologies have the capacity to deepen our understanding of the intricate interaction network between cardiomyocytes and biomaterials, potentially revolutionizing cardiac research with the aim of promoting heart health, and they are also promising for studying interactions between biomaterials and other cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76207, United States
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Wit S, Glen C, de Boer RA, Lang NN. Mechanisms shared between cancer, heart failure, and targeted anti-cancer therapies. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:3451-3466. [PMID: 36004495 PMCID: PMC9897696 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and cancer are the leading causes of death worldwide and accumulating evidence demonstrates that HF and cancer affect one another in a bidirectional way. Patients with HF are at increased risk for developing cancer, and HF is associated with accelerated tumour growth. The presence of malignancy may induce systemic metabolic, inflammatory, and microbial alterations resulting in impaired cardiac function. In addition to pathophysiologic mechanisms that are shared between cancer and HF, overlaps also exist between pathways required for normal cardiac physiology and for tumour growth. Therefore, these overlaps may also explain the increased risk for cardiotoxicity and HF as a result of targeted anti-cancer therapies. This review provides an overview of mechanisms involved in the bidirectional connection between HF and cancer, specifically focusing upon current 'hot-topics' in these shared mechanisms. It subsequently describes targeted anti-cancer therapies with cardiotoxic potential as a result of overlap between their anti-cancer targets and pathways required for normal cardiac function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne de Wit
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Glen
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, PO Box 30.001, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Yin WH, Yang F, An YQ, Zhou W, Yu H, Xie H, Zhang YL, Zhu Y, Shen XC, Tian R. VEGF121 Mediates Post-Hypoxia Cardioprotective Effects Via CaSR and Mitochondria-Dependent Protease Pathway. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:476-483. [PMID: 34550233 PMCID: PMC8462959 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. Hypoxia-mediated apoptosis in cardiomyocytes is a major cause of cardiovascular disorders. Treatment with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein has been tested but operational difficulties have limited its use. However, with the advancements of gene therapy, interest has risen in VEGF-based gene therapy in cardiovascular disorders. However, the precise mechanism by which VEGF replenishment rescues post-hypoxia damage in cardiomyocytes is not known. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of post-hypoxia VEGF121 expression using neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats were used to establish an in vitro model of hypoxia-induced cardiac injury. The effect of VEGF overexpression, alone or in combination with small-molecule inhibitors targeting calcium channel, calcium sensitive receptors (CaSR), and calpain on cell growth and proliferation on hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury were determined using an MTT assay, TUNEL staining, Annexin V/PI staining, lactate dehydrogenase and caspase activity. For statistical analysis, a value of P<0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS The effect of VEGF121 was found to be mediated by CaSR and calpain but was not dependent on calcium channels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, even though using an in vitro setting, lay the foundation for future validation and pre-clinical testing of VEGF-based gene therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Wei-Hua Yin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing - China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Yun-Qiang An
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing - China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Hui Yu
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | - Hong Xie
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | | | - Yue Zhu
- Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang - China
| | | | - Ruiqing Tian
- The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang - China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dobbin SJ, Petrie MC, Myles RC, Touyz RM, Lang NN. Cardiotoxic effects of angiogenesis inhibitors. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:71-100. [PMID: 33404052 PMCID: PMC7812690 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of new therapies for cancer has led to dramatic improvements in survivorship. Angiogenesis inhibitors represent one such advancement, revolutionising treatment for a wide range of malignancies. However, these drugs are associated with cardiovascular toxicities which can impact optimal cancer treatment in the short-term and may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in the longer term. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (VEGFIs) are associated with hypertension, left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure as well as arterial and venous thromboembolism, QTc interval prolongation and arrhythmia. The mechanisms behind the development of VEGFI-associated LVSD and heart failure likely involve the combination of a number of myocardial insults. These include direct myocardial effects, as well as secondary toxicity via coronary or peripheral vascular damage. Cardiac toxicity may result from the 'on-target' effects of VEGF inhibition or 'off-target' effects resulting from inhibition of other tyrosine kinases. Similar mechanisms may be involved in the development of VEGFI-associated right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. Some VEGFIs can be associated with QTc interval prolongation and an increased risk of ventricular and atrial arrhythmia. Further pre-clinical and clinical studies and trials are needed to better understand the impact of VEGFI on the cardiovascular system. Once mechanisms are elucidated, therapies can be investigated in clinical trials and surveillance strategies for identifying VEGFI-associated cardiovascular complications can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J.H. Dobbin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Mark C. Petrie
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rachel C. Myles
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Rhian M. Touyz
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| | - Ninian N. Lang
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yumnamcha T, Guerra M, Singh LP, Ibrahim AS. Metabolic Dysregulation and Neurovascular Dysfunction in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1244. [PMID: 33302369 PMCID: PMC7762582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of ocular complications in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in developed countries. Due to the continued increase in the number of people with obesity and diabetes in the United States of America and globally, the incidence of diabetic retinopathy is expected to increase significantly in the coming years. Diabetic retinopathy is widely accepted as a combination of neurodegenerative and microvascular changes; however, which change occurs first is not yet understood. Although the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is very complex, regulated by numerous signaling pathways and cellular processes, maintaining glucose homeostasis is still an essential component for normal physiological functioning of retinal cells. The maintenance of glucose homeostasis is finely regulated by coordinated interplay between glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis is the most conserved metabolic pathway in biology and is tightly regulated to maintain a steady-state concentration of glycolytic intermediates; this regulation is called scheduled or regulated glycolysis. However, an abnormal increase in glycolytic flux generates large amounts of intermediate metabolites that can be shunted into different damaging pathways including the polyol pathway, hexosamine pathway, diacylglycerol-dependent activation of the protein kinase C pathway, and Amadori/advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pathway. In addition, disrupting the balance between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation leads to other biochemical and molecular changes observed in diabetic retinopathy including endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria miscommunication and mitophagy dysregulation. This review will focus on how dysregulation of glycolysis contributes to diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangal Yumnamcha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Michael Guerra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lalit Pukhrambam Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.G.); (L.P.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Csósza G, Karlócai K, Losonczy G, Müller V, Lázár Z. Growth factors in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Focus on preserving right ventricular function. Physiol Int 2020; 107:177-194. [PMID: 32692713 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2020.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease, characterized by increased vascular resistance leading to right ventricle (RV) failure. The extent of right ventricular dysfunction crucially influences disease prognosis; however, currently no therapies have specific cardioprotective effects. Besides discussing the pathophysiology of right ventricular adaptation in PAH, this review focuses on the roles of growth factors (GFs) in disease pathomechanism. We also summarize the involvement of GFs in the preservation of cardiomyocyte function, to evaluate their potential as cardioprotective biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Csósza
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Karlócai
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Losonczy
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Müller
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Lázár
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang K, Liu Y, Huang S, Li H, Hou J, Huang J, Chen J, Feng K, Liang M, Chen G, Wu Z. Does an imbalance in circulating vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) cause atrial fibrillation in patients with valvular heart disease? J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:5509-5516. [PMID: 32030270 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.11.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) can stimulate fibrosis within the atrium and ventricle. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between the serum VEGFs/soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (sVEGFRs) levels and AF in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD). This provides a new paradigm for studying AF. Methods The plasma levels of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, sVEGFR-1 and sVEGFR-2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 100 people, consisting of AF patients (long-standing, persistent AF; n=49), sinus rhythm (SR) patients (n=31) and healthy controls (n=20), were included in this study. Results The plasma levels of VEGF-A were significantly higher in AF patients compared to healthy control (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sVEGFR-1 were significantly higher in AF compared to SR (P<0.05). The plasma levels of sVEGFR-2 were significantly lower in AF patients compared to SR patients and healthy controls (both P<0.05). There was a significant and negative correlation between AF and the sVEGFR-2 levels in the groups (r=-0.432, P=0.000). Conclusions An imbalance in VEGFs and sVEGFRs may contribute to AF by breaking the balance of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Additionally, sVEGFR-2 may be an important biomarker of AF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keke Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Medicine University, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huayang Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiantao Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Kangni Feng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Mengya Liang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guangxian Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Patel SN, Klufas MA. Evidence to date: ranibizumab and its potential in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Eye Brain 2019; 11:25-35. [PMID: 31693715 PMCID: PMC6711562 DOI: 10.2147/eb.s189684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading and preventable cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Although laser photocoagulation remains the gold standard for treatment, the off-label use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy to treat ROP, particularly posterior zone I disease, is increasing. Although initial studies on anti-VEGF therapy for ROP have focused on bevacizumab, recent studies have proposed that ranibizumab may be a safer and more effective alternative for use in this population. This review updates recent evidence regarding the use of ranibizumab in the management of ROP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir N Patel
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael A Klufas
- The Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Mid Atlantic Retina, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fortenbery GW, Sarathy B, Carraway KR, Mansfield KD. Hypoxic stabilization of mRNA is HIF-independent but requires mtROS. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2018; 23:48. [PMID: 30305827 PMCID: PMC6172842 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-018-0112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue ischemia can arise in response to numerous physiologic and pathologic conditions. The cellular response to decreased perfusion, most notably a decrease in glucose and oxygen, is important for cellular survival. In response to oxygen deprivation or hypoxia, one of the key response elements is hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and a key protein induced by hypoxia is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Under hypoxia, we and others have reported an increase in the half-life of VEGF and other hypoxia related mRNAs including MYC and CYR61; however, the mediator of this response has yet to be identified. For this study, we sought to determine if HIF-mediated transcriptional activity is involved in the mRNA stabilization induced by hypoxia. Methods HEK293T or C6 cells were cultured in either normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions in the presence of 1 g/L glucose for all experiments. Pharmacological treatments were used to mimic hypoxia (desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, CoCl2), inhibit mitochondrial respiration (rotenone, myxothiazol), scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS; ebselen), or generate mitochondrial ROS (antimycin A). siRNAs were used to knock down components of the HIF transcriptional apparatus. mRNA half-life was determined via actinomycin D decay and real time PCR and western blotting was used to determine mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results Treatment of HEK293T or C6 cells with hypoxic mimetics, desferroxamine, dimethyloxaloglutamate, or CoCl2 showed similar induction of HIF compared to hypoxia treatment, however, in contrast to hypoxia, the mimetics caused no significant increase in VEGF, MYC or CYR61 mRNA half-life. Knockdown of HIF-alpha or ARNT via siRNA also had no effect on hypoxic mRNA stabilization. Interestingly, treatment of HEK293T cells with the mitochondrial inhibitors rotenone and myxothiazol, or the glutathione peroxidase mimetic ebselen did prevent the hypoxic stabilization of VEGF, MYC, and CYR61, suggesting a role for mtROS in the process. Additionally, treatment with antimycin A, which has been shown to generate mtROS, was able to drive the normoxic stabilization of these mRNAs. Conclusion Overall these data suggest that hypoxic mRNA stabilization is independent of HIF transcriptional activity but requires mtROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grey W Fortenbery
- 1Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Brinda Sarathy
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kristen R Carraway
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Kyle D Mansfield
- 2Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sustained β-AR stimulation induces synthesis and secretion of growth factors in cardiac myocytes that affect on cardiac fibroblast activation. Life Sci 2017; 193:257-269. [PMID: 29107793 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine factors, including growth factors and cytokines, released from cardiac myocytes following β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation regulate cardiac fibroblasts. Activated cardiac fibroblasts have the ability to increase collagen synthesis, cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, leading to cardiac fibrosis. However, it is unknown which β-AR subtypes and signaling pathways mediate the upregulation of paracrine factors in cardiac myocytes. In this study, we demonstrated that sustained stimulation of β-ARs significantly induced synthesis and secretion of growth factors, including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), via the cAMP-dependent and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathways. In addition, isoproterenol (ISO)-mediated synthesis and secretion of CTGF and VEGF through the β1-AR and β2-AR subtypes. Paracrine factors released by cardiac myocytes following sustained β-AR stimulation are necessary for the induction of cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen I, collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in cardiac fibroblasts, confirming that β-AR overstimulation of cardiac myocytes induces cardiac fibrosis by releasing several paracrine factors. These effects can be antagonized by β-blockers, including atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol. Thus, the use of β-blockers may have beneficial effects on the treatment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with heart failure.
Collapse
|
13
|
Carraway KR, Johnson EM, Kauffmann TC, Fry NJ, Mansfield KD. Hypoxia and Hypoglycemia synergistically regulate mRNA stability. RNA Biol 2017; 14:938-951. [PMID: 28362162 PMCID: PMC5546718 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1311456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic events, common in many diseases, result from decreased blood flow and impaired delivery of oxygen and glucose to tissues of the body. While much is known about the cellular transcriptional response to ischemia, much less is known about the posttranscriptional response to oxygen and glucose deprivation. The goal of this project was to investigate one such posttranscriptional response, the regulation of mRNA stability. To that end, we have identified several novel ischemia-related mRNAs that are synergistically stabilized by oxygen and glucose deprivation including VEGF, MYC, MDM2, and CYR61. This increase in mRNA half-life requires the synergistic effects of both low oxygen (1%) as well as low glucose (≤ 1 g/L) conditions. Oxygen or glucose deprivation alone fails to initiate the response, as exposure to either high glucose (4 g/L) or normoxic conditions inhibits the response. Furthermore, in response to hypoxia/hypoglycemia, the identified mRNAs are released from the RNA binding protein KHSRP which likely contributes to their stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Carraway
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Ellen M Johnson
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Travis C Kauffmann
- b Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Nate J Fry
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| | - Kyle D Mansfield
- a Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine , East Carolina University , Greenville , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cheung CY. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Possible Role in Fetal Development and Placental Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107155769700400401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Y. Cheung
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korkmaz L, Baştuğ O, Ozdemir A, Korkut S, Karaca C, Akin MA, Gunes T, Kurtoglu S, Ozturk MA. The Efficacy of Propranolol in Retinopathy of Prematurity and its Correlation with the Platelet Mass Index. Curr Eye Res 2016; 42:88-97. [PMID: 27260268 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2016.1158272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative vitreoretinopathy which is one of the most frequent causes of blindness in children. In an attempt to find a solution to this important problem in preterm children, the search for new, effective treatment modalities with fewer side effects is underway. In our study, which was planned for this reason, we aimed to investigate the effects of propranolol treatment applied to cases of ROP in various stages during the second phase (known as the neovascularization-hypoxia phase) and to determine the correlation of these effects with the platelet mass index (PMI). METHOD A total of 171 preterm infants at risk of ROP were selected randomly for inclusion in the study. All of the patients were classified according to their stage of ROP and were divided into control and treatment groups. While the cases in the control group were administered physiological saline solution, those in the treatment group were administered propranolol in the period that corresponded to the second stage of the disease. The thrombocyte and PMI values in the first and second stages of each study group were recorded. RESULTS A significant difference was found between the control and treatment groups of the stage 2 ROP study subjects. In the stage 2 ROP study group, no significant difference was detected between the control and treatment cases in terms of platelet counts in phase 1 or in the PMI values and the thrombolytic counts in phase 2. On the other hand, in phase 2 of the stage 2 ROP study subjects significant differences were detected between the control and treatment group in terms of PMI values. CONCLUSION In the study, it was found in the stage 2 ROP study group that propranolol reduced the need for laser photocoagulation significantly. Also, in parallel to the efficacy of propranolol in this study group, a decrease was observed in PMI values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Levent Korkmaz
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Osman Baştuğ
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ozdemir
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Sabriye Korkut
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Cagatay Karaca
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ali Akin
- c Division of Neonatology , Kayseri Training and Research Hospital , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Tamer Gunes
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey.,d Division of Pediatric Intensive Care , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Selim Kurtoglu
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey.,e Division of Pediatric Endocrinology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Adnan Ozturk
- a Division of Neonatology , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey.,f Division of Pediatric Emergency , Erciyes University Medical Faculty , Kayseri , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
VEGF121 and VEGF165 differentially promote vessel maturation and tumor growth in mice and humans. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:125-32. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
17
|
Chen H, Wang N, Yang G, Guo Y, Shen Y, Wang X, Zhang P, Xu Y. The expression and function of E3 ligase SIAH2 in acute T lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2016; 42:28-36. [PMID: 26859780 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seven in absentia homolog 2 (SIAH2) protein plays a significant role in human cancer by regulating hypoxia-inducible factor-a (HIF-1α); however, its role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is less clear. METHODS Immunofluorescence evaluation of SIAH2 protein expression and location were conducted in Jurkat cell (a T-ALL cell line) as well as in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from T-ALL and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients. The expression of SIAH2 mRNA was also examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in these cells. Lentivirus-packed shRNA targeting on SIAH2 (Lv-shSIAH2) was used to knock down SIAH2 expression in Jurkat cells. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and protein levels were then determined by CCK-8 assay, annexin V-PI assay, transwell and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS The mRNA expression of SIAH2 in BMMNCs from primary T-ALL patients was significantly higher than cells from ITP patients (P=0.0312); There were significant positive associations between SIAH2 expression and the extramedullary infiltration (EMI) (P=0.0003), especially with the mediastinal lymph node metastasis (P=0.0168) and the pleural effusion (P=0.014). However, SIAH2 expression in T-ALL BMMNCs was not correlated with age, gender, white cell count or the clinical risk classification. SIAH2 knockdown by shRNA led to increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation, migration and invasion of Jurkat cells. Moreover, Prolyl Hydroxylase (PHD), P27 and Caspase3 were upregulated and HIF-1α, VEGF, VEGF Receptor 2, MMP-13, CyclinE1, C-myc and BCL2 were downregulated in SIAH2 knockdown Jurkat cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SIAH2 regulates multi processes in T-ALL and may be an attractive therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Guicun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yuxia Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Yali Shen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China; China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L. In Vitro Assays for Endothelial Cell Functions Required for Angiogenesis: Proliferation, Motility, Tubular Differentiation, and Matrix Proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:121-147. [PMID: 27172950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the process of angiogenesis into its component parts in order to provide simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described will be suitable for studying stimulators and/or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The assays are designed to be robust and straightforward, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but with an option to use other sources such as microvascular endothelial cells from various tissues or lymphatic endothelial cells. It must be appreciated that such reductionist approaches cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does a myriad of positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict physiological or pathological processes in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis) or surrogate techniques such as the use of Matrigel™ plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays etc remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Berthiaume J, Kirk J, Ranek M, Lyon R, Sheikh F, Jensen B, Hoit B, Butany J, Tolend M, Rao V, Willis M. Pathophysiology of Heart Failure and an Overview of Therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420219-1.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
|
20
|
Alameddine RS, Yakan AS, Skouri H, Mukherji D, Temraz S, Shamseddine A. Cardiac and vascular toxicities of angiogenesis inhibitors: The other side of the coin. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 96:195-205. [PMID: 26037841 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is one of the best-described tumor hallmarks. Targeting angiogenesis is becoming a successful strategy to suppress cancer growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the fulcrum of angiogenesis, contributes to vascular and cardiac homeostasis. Angiogenesis inhibitors classically associated with vascular side effects are increasingly recognized for cardiac adverse effects as reflected by several meta-analyses. A global approach to these findings is a pressing need, and future strategies involving collaboration among different medical specialties are highly encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raafat S Alameddine
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Hadi Skouri
- Division of Cardiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sally Temraz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Shamseddine
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li F, Yuan Y, Guo Y, Liu N, Jing D, Wang H, Guo W. Pulsed magnetic field accelerate proliferation and migration of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014; 36:1-9. [PMID: 25338938 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Da Jing
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Haichang Wang
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Cardiology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Saraswat D, Nehra S, Chaudhary KK, Prasad CS. In-silico screening and in-vitro validation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitors. Bioinformation 2014; 10:273-80. [PMID: 24966534 PMCID: PMC4070036 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase receptor draws attention of the scientific fraternity in drug discovery for its important role in cancer, cardiopulmonary, cardiovascular diseases etc. Hence there is a need for novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors screening and testing for their biological activities. The 3D-structure was collected from PDB and stability was checked by using WHATIF and PROCHECK programs and subjected for virtual screening on Zinc database. We used virtual screening method to screen new VEGFR-2 blocker molecules based on their binding energies and then docked with active site on the receptor with the help of AUTODOCK software. Based on the results obtained top three molecules (VRB1-3) were selected and tested in Cardiomyocytes H9c2 cells for cell viability under hypoxic condition. The invitro studies showed VRB2 as the best molecule among the selected three molecules as well as with a standard commercial drug Sunitinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Saraswat
- Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development
Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi- 54, India
| | - Sarita Nehra
- Department of Experimental Biology, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Science, Defence Research and Development
Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, New Delhi- 54, India
| | - Kamal Kumar Chaudhary
- Division of Applied Sciences & IRCB, Indian Institute of
Information Technology, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad-12, India
| | - C.V.S. Siva Prasad
- Division of Applied Sciences & IRCB, Indian Institute of
Information Technology, Deoghat, Jhalwa, Allahabad-12, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cell Sheet-Based Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 297:65-72. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
24
|
Semenza GL. Transcriptional regulation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 molecular mechanisms of oxygen homeostasis. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 6:151-7. [PMID: 21232289 DOI: 10.1016/1050-1738(96)00039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Human cells require O(2) for many metabolic processes, most notably oxidative phosphorylation, the major source of ATP generation, and hypoxia plays a significant pathophysiologic role in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional activator of genes whose products, including erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and glycolytic enzymes, are involved in systemic, local, and cellular responses to hypoxia that either increase O(2) delivery or induce alternative metabolic pathways that do not require O(2). The level of HIF-1 expression in cultured cells is proportional to the degree of hypoxia over the range of O(2) concentrations associated with physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions in vivo. Further investigation of HIF-1 function in vivo may lead to novel therapeutic approaches that modulate cellular responses to hypoxia/ischemia. (Trends Cardiovasc Med 1996;6:151-157).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Semenza
- Center for Medical Genetics, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore,Maryland 21287-3914,USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular disease that reduces blood flow capacity to the legs of patients. PAD leads to exercise intolerance that can progress in severity to greatly limit mobility, and in advanced cases leads to frank ischemia with pain at rest. It is estimated that 12 to 15 million people in the United States are diagnosed with PAD, with a much larger population that is undiagnosed. The presence of PAD predicts a 50% to 1500% increase in morbidity and mortality, depending on severity. Treatment of patients with PAD is limited to modification of cardiovascular disease risk factors, pharmacological intervention, surgery, and exercise therapy. Extended exercise programs that involve walking approximately five times per week, at a significant intensity that requires frequent rest periods, are most significant. Preclinical studies and virtually all clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of exercise therapy, including improved walking tolerance, modified inflammatory/hemostatic markers, enhanced vasoresponsiveness, adaptations within the limb (angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and mitochondrial synthesis) that enhance oxygen delivery and metabolic responses, potentially delayed progression of the disease, enhanced quality of life indices, and extended longevity. A synthesis is provided as to how these adaptations can develop in the context of our current state of knowledge and events known to be orchestrated by exercise. The benefits are so compelling that exercise prescription should be an essential option presented to patients with PAD in the absence of contraindications. Obviously, selecting for a lifestyle pattern that includes enhanced physical activity prior to the advance of PAD limitations is the most desirable and beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tara L Haas
- Angiogenesis Research Group, Muscle Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller BW, Hay JM, Prigent SA, Dickens M. Post-transcriptional regulation of VEGF-A mRNA levels by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during metabolic stress associated with ischaemia/reperfusion. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 367:31-42. [PMID: 22562302 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a well-characterised response to the metabolic stresses that occur during ischaemia/reperfusion, but the signalling pathways that regulate it are poorly understood. We tested whether activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was involved in regulating the expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors by the metabolic stresses associated with ischaemia/reperfusion in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts. Metabolic stress had no effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA levels, but recovery after metabolic inhibition led to a strong induction of VEGF-A mRNA (3.8 ± 0.5-fold at 4 h), a modest rise in VEGF-C mRNA levels (1.7 ± 0.3-fold at 4 h), with no effect on VEGF-B or -D. A VEGF-A promoter reporter construct was unresponsive to metabolic inhibition/recovery and increases in VEGF-A mRNA were not blocked by the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D suggesting that increases in VEGF mRNA were due to enhanced VEGF-A mRNA stability. In addition, studies using reporter constructs demonstrated that regions within the 5' untranslated region (UTR) contributed to enhanced mRNA stability following recovery from metabolic stress. Increases in VEGF-A mRNA were abolished by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase or c-jun N-terminal kinase MAPKs, suggesting that these kinases may promote angiogenesis in response to metabolic stress during ischaemia/reperfusion by increasing VEGF-A message stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giacca M, Zacchigna S. VEGF gene therapy: therapeutic angiogenesis in the clinic and beyond. Gene Ther 2012; 19:622-9. [PMID: 22378343 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous progress made in terms of prevention and early intervention, a pressing need remains to develop innovative therapeutic strategies for ischemic cardiovascular disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, chronic cardiac ischemia, peripheral artery disease and stroke. The induction of new blood vessel formation by delivering angiogenic genes to ischemic tissues continues to appear as a promising, alternative strategy to currently available therapies. In aspiring to induce therapeutic angiogenesis, the members of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family have long been recognized as major molecular tools. Remarkably, VEGF family members have recently been recognized to also exert multiple, non-angiogenic effects on various cell types, including neurons, skeletal muscle and cardiac cells. Here, we critically review the VEGF-based therapies that have already reached clinical experimentation and highlight the pleiotropic activities of VEGF factors that might create new opportunities for therapeutic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Giacca
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,Padriciano 99, Trieste, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Scridon A, Morel E, Nonin-Babary E, Girerd N, Fernandez C, Chevalier P. Increased intracardiac vascular endothelial growth factor levels in patients with paroxysmal, but not persistent atrial fibrillation. Europace 2012; 14:948-53. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eur418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
29
|
Zou L, Lai H, Zhou Q, Xiao F. Lasting controversy on ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:395-402. [PMID: 22211145 PMCID: PMC3248643 DOI: 10.7150/thno/v01p0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important angiogenic factor that is able to stimulate the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, is the best-studied hallmark of angiogenesis. Neovascularization is a major cause of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) which is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly population. Specific molecular inhibitors of VEGF have been proved to be useful in the treatment of AMD. Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab are structurally similar to anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of AMD. Many studies have indicated that Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab are of roughly equal short-term efficacy and safety, Bevacizumab is an attractive alternative to Ranibizumab due to its lower cost. However, only Ranibizumab has received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of macular degeneration. More multicenter clinical trials are required to compare the relative efficacy and safety of these two drugs and some progress has been achieved. This review discusses the clinical effectiveness, safety, cost and other practical implications of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab.
Collapse
|
30
|
Xin H, Brown JA, Gong C, Fan H, Brewer G, Gnarra JR. Association of the von Hippel-Lindau protein with AUF1 and posttranscriptional regulation of VEGFA mRNA. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 10:108-20. [PMID: 22086907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene product is the recognition component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase and is inactivated in patients with VHL disease and in most sporadic clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (RCC). pVHL controls oxygen-responsive gene expression at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The VEGFA mRNA contains AU-rich elements (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region, and mRNA stability or decay is determined through ARE-associated RNA-binding factors. We show here that levels of the ARE-binding factor, AUF1, are regulated by pVHL and by hypoxia. pVHL and AUF1 stably associate with each other in cells and AUF1 is a ubiquitylation target of pVHL. AUF1 and another RNA-binding protein, HuR, bind to VEGFA ARE RNA. Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) immunoprecipitations showed that pVHL associates indirectly with VEGFA mRNA through AUF1 and/or HuR, and this complex is associated with VEGFA mRNA decay under normoxic conditions. Under hypoxic conditions pVHL is downregulated, whereas AUF1 and HuR binding to VEGF mRNA is maintained, and this complex is associated with stabilized mRNA. These studies suggest that AUF1 and HuR bind to VEGFA ARE RNA under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and that a pVHL-RNP complex determines VEGFA mRNA decay. These studies further implicate the ubiquitin-proteasome system in ARE-mediated RNA degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hullinger TG, Montgomery RL, Seto AG, Dickinson BA, Semus HM, Lynch JM, Dalby CM, Robinson K, Stack C, Latimer PA, Hare JM, Olson EN, van Rooij E. Inhibition of miR-15 protects against cardiac ischemic injury. Circ Res 2011; 110:71-81. [PMID: 22052914 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.244442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Because endogenous cardiac repair mechanisms are not sufficient for meaningful tissue regeneration, MI results in loss of cardiac tissue and detrimental remodeling events. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence dependent manner. Our previous data indicate that miRNAs are dysregulated in response to ischemic injury of the heart and actively contribute to cardiac remodeling after MI. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to determine whether miRNAs are dysregulated on ischemic damage in porcine cardiac tissues and whether locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified anti-miR chemistries can target cardiac expressed miRNAs to therapeutically inhibit miR-15 on ischemic injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Our data indicate that the miR-15 family, which includes 6 closely related miRNAs, is regulated in the infarcted region of the heart in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and pigs. LNA-modified chemistries can effectively silence miR-15 family members in vitro and render cardiomyocytes resistant to hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte cell death. Correspondingly, systemic delivery of miR-15 anti-miRs dose-dependently represses miR-15 in cardiac tissue of both mice and pigs, whereas therapeutic targeting of miR-15 in mice reduces infarct size and cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function in response to MI. CONCLUSIONS Oligonucleotide-based therapies using LNA-modified chemistries for modulating cardiac miRNAs in the setting of heart disease are efficacious and validate miR-15 as a potential therapeutic target for the manipulation of cardiac remodeling and function in the setting of ischemic injury.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fujita M, Tambara K, Ikemoto M, Sakamoto S, Ogai A, Kitakaze M, Sackner M. Periodic acceleration enhances release of nitric oxide in healthy adults. Int J Angiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00547-005-2013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
33
|
Kehat I, Molkentin JD. Molecular pathways underlying cardiac remodeling during pathophysiological stimulation. Circulation 2011; 122:2727-35. [PMID: 21173361 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.942268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Izhak Kehat
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Filippi L, Cavallaro G, Fiorini P, Daniotti M, Benedetti V, Cristofori G, Araimo G, Ramenghi L, La Torre A, Fortunato P, Pollazzi L, la Marca G, Malvagia S, Bagnoli P, Ristori C, Dal Monte M, Bilia AR, Isacchi B, Furlanetto S, Tinelli F, Cioni G, Donzelli G, Osnaghi S, Mosca F. Study protocol: safety and efficacy of propranolol in newborns with Retinopathy of Prematurity (PROP-ROP): ISRCTN18523491. BMC Pediatr 2010; 10:83. [PMID: 21087499 PMCID: PMC2993687 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2431-10-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite new therapeutic approaches have improved the prognosis of newborns with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), an unfavourable structural and functional outcome still remains high. There is high pressure to develop new drugs to prevent and treat ROP. There is increasing enthusiasm for anti-VEGF drugs, but angiogenic inhibitors selective for abnormal blood vessels would be considered as an optimal treatment. In an animal experimental model of proliferative retinopathy, we have recently demonstrated that the pharmacological blockade of beta-adrenoreceptors improves retinal neovascularization and blood retinal barrier breakdown consequent to hypoxia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the propranolol administration in preterm newborns suffering from a precocious phase of ROP in terms of safety and efficacy in counteracting the progression of retinopathy. Methods/Design Preterm newborns (gestational age at birth lower than 32 weeks) with stage 2 ROP (zone II-III without plus) will be randomized, according to their gestational age, to receive propranolol added to standard treatment (treatment adopted by the ETROP Cooperative Group) or standard treatment alone. Propranolol will be administered until retinal vascularization will be completely developed, but not more than 90 days. Forty-four participants will be recruited into the study. To evaluate the safety of propranolol administration, cardiac and respiratory parameters will be continuously monitored. Blood samplings will be performed to check renal, liver and metabolic balance. To evaluate the efficacy of propranolol, the progression of the disease, the number of laser treatments or vitrectomies, the incidence of retinal detachment or blindness, will be evaluated by serial ophthalmologic examinations. Visual function will be evaluated by means of behavioural standardized tests. Discussion This pilot study is the first research that explores the possible therapeutic role of beta blockers in ROP. The objective of this research is highly ambitious: to find a treatment simple, inexpensive, well tolerated and with few adverse effects, able to counteract one of the major complications of the prematurity. Any favourable results of this research could open new perspectives and original scenarios about the treatment or the prevention of this and other proliferative retinopathies. Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN18523491; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01079715; EudraCT Number 2010-018737-21
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Filippi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Perinatal Medicine, A, Meyer University Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Singh M, Shukla D, Thomas P, Saxena S, Bansal A. Hypoxic preconditioning facilitates acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia in rat heart. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 62:1729-39. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Acute systemic hypoxia induces delayed cardioprotection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the heart. As cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is known to elicit hypoxia-like –responses, it was hypothesized that this chemical would mimic the preconditioning effect and facilitate acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia in rat heart.
Methods
Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with distilled water or cobalt chloride (12.5 mg Co/kg for 7 days) were exposed to simulated altitude at 7622 m for different time periods (1, 2, 3 and 5 days).
Key findings
Hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt appreciably attenuated hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative damage as observed by a decrease in free radical (reactive oxygen species) generation, oxidation of lipids and proteins. Interestingly, the observed effect was due to increased expression of the antioxidant proteins hemeoxygenase and metallothionein, as no significant change was observed in antioxidant enzyme activity. Hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression as well as HIF-1 DNA binding activity, which further resulted in increased expression of HIF-1 regulated genes such as erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor and glucose transporter. A significant decrease was observed in lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactate levels in the heart of preconditioned animals compared with non-preconditioned animals exposed to hypoxia.
Conclusions
The results showed that hypoxic preconditioning with cobalt induces acclimatization by up-regulation of hemeoxygenase 1 and metallothionein 1 via HIF-1 stabilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Dhananjay Shukla
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Pauline Thomas
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Saxena
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Anju Bansal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L, Sanderson S. In vitro assays for endothelial cell functions related to angiogenesis: proliferation, motility, tubular differentiation, and proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2009; 467:159-81. [PMID: 19301670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-241-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the breakdown of the process of angiogenesis into simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described are suitable for studying stimulators or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The procedures outlined are robust and straightforward but cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does myriad positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells, including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes, and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict responses in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis, or surrogate techniques such as Matrigel plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays, etc.) remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, McElwain Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
This article reviews current efforts to make glucose sensors based on the inherent optical properties of single walled carbon nanotubes. The advantages of single walled carbon nanotubes over traditional organic and nanoparticle fluorophores for in vivo-sensing applications are discussed. Two recent glucose sensors made by our group are described, with the first being an enzyme-based glucose sensor that couples a reaction mediator, which quenches nanotube fluorescence, on the surface of the nanotube with the reaction of the enzyme. The second sensor is based on competitive equilibrium binding between dextran-coated nanotubes and concanavalin A. The biocompatibility of a model sensor is examined using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane as a tissue model. The advantages of measuring glucose concentration directly, like most optical sensors, versus measuring the flux in glucose concentration, like most electrochemical sensors, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Barone
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Atsuta H, Uchiyama T, Kanai H, Iso T, Tanaka T, Suga T, Maeno T, Arai M, Nagai R, Kurabayashi M. Effects of a stable prostacyclin analogue beraprost sodium on VEGF and PAI-1 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Cardiol 2009; 132:411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2007.12.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2007] [Revised: 12/17/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
|
41
|
Penn JS, Madan A, Caldwell RB, Bartoli M, Caldwell RW, Hartnett ME. Vascular endothelial growth factor in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2008; 27:331-71. [PMID: 18653375 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collectively, angiogenic ocular conditions represent the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in developed countries. In the US, for example, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are the principal causes of blindness in the infant, working age and elderly populations, respectively. Evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a 40kDa dimeric glycoprotein, promotes angiogenesis in each of these conditions, making it a highly significant therapeutic target. However, VEGF is pleiotropic, affecting a broad spectrum of endothelial, neuronal and glial behaviors, and confounding the validity of anti-VEGF strategies, particularly under chronic disease conditions. In fact, among other functions VEGF can influence cell proliferation, cell migration, proteolysis, cell survival and vessel permeability in a wide variety of biological contexts. This article will describe the roles played by VEGF in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. The potential disadvantages of inhibiting VEGF will be discussed, as will the rationales for targeting other VEGF-related modulators of angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Penn
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bao P, Kodra A, Tomic-Canic M, Golinko MS, Ehrlich HP, Brem H. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in wound healing. J Surg Res 2008; 153:347-58. [PMID: 19027922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 758] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic wound is tissue with an impaired ability to heal. This is often a consequence of one of the following etiologies: diabetes, venous reflux, arterial insufficiency sickle cell disease, steroids, and/or pressure. Healing requires granulation tissue depending on epithelialization and angiogenesis. Currently no growth factor is available to treat patients with impaired healing that stimulates both epithelialization and angiogenesis. The objective is to review is the multiple mechanisms of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in wound healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors reviewed the literature on the structure and function of VEGF, including its use for therapeutic angiogenesis. Particular attention is given to the specific role of VEGF in the angiogenesis cascade, its relationship to other growth factors and cells in a healing wound. RESULTS VEGF is released by a variety of cells and stimulates multiple components of the angiogenic cascade. It is up-regulated during the early days of healing, when capillary growth is maximal. Studies have shown the efficacy of VEGF in peripheral and cardiac ischemic vascular disease with minimal adverse effects. Experimental data supports the hypothesis that VEGF stimulates epithelialization and collagen deposition in a wound. CONCLUSION VEGF stimulates wound healing through angiogenesis, but likely promotes collagen deposition and epithelialization as well. Further study of the molecule by utilizing the protein itself, or novel forms of delivery such as gene therapy, will increase its therapeutic possibilities to accelerate closure of a chronic wound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bao
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Surgery, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lun B, Jianmei X, Qilong S, Chuanxia D, Jiangchao S, Zhengyu W. On the growth model of the capillaries in the porous silk fibroin films. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2007; 18:1917-21. [PMID: 17554599 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper discussed the random growth model of the capillaries in its growing process, analyzed the relations between the growth of the capillaries, the metabolism of the organism tissue, and micro environmental condition and secretion of the growth factors. Furthermore, the paper discussed the growth law of the capillaries in the porous silk fibroin films (PSFF) in order to provide a theoretical basis for the designing and making of the new biomaterial of the PSFF more suitable for the growth of the cells and capillaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai Lun
- College of Material Engineering, Soochow University, No.1 shizi Str., Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Karp JM, Yeo Y, Geng W, Cannizarro C, Yan K, Kohane DS, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Langer RS, Radisic M. A photolithographic method to create cellular micropatterns. Biomaterials 2006; 27:4755-64. [PMID: 16730059 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a simple and rapid system for creation of patterned cell culture substrates. This technique is based on (1) printing a mask on a standard overhead transparency, (2) coating a thin layer of a photocrosslinkable chitosan on a slide, (3) exposing the slide and mask to ultraviolet (UV) light, and (4) rinsing the uncrosslinked polymer to expose the underlying cell-repellent patterns. Photocross-linkable chitosan does not require photoinitiators, it is non-toxic and forms flexible, biocompatible hydrogel upon short ( approximately min) UV exposure. Patterns of various shapes (lanes, squares, triangles, circles) were created on two surfaces commonly used for cell culture: glass and tissue culture polystyrene. The pattern size could be varied with a mum resolution using a single mask and varying UV exposure time. Cardiac fibroblasts formed stable patterns for up to 18 days in culture. Cardiomyocytes, patterned in lanes 68-99 microm wide, exhibited expression of cardiac Troponin I, well developed contractile apparatus and they contracted synchronously in response to electrical field stimulation. Osteoblasts (SAOS-2) localized in the exposed glass regions (squares, triangles, or circles; 0.063-0.5mm(2)). They proliferated to confluence in 5 days, expressed alkaline phosphatase and produced a mineralized matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Karp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hohensinner PJ, Kaun C, Rychli K, Ben-Tal Cohen E, Kastl SP, Demyanets S, Pfaffenberger S, Speidl WS, Rega G, Ullrich R, Maurer G, Huber K, Wojta J. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) is expressed in human cardiac cells and is differentially regulated by inflammatory mediators and hypoxia. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:3532-8. [PMID: 16730716 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine MCP-1 is thought to play a key role - among many other pathophysiological processes - in myocardial infarction. MCP-1 is not only a key attractant for monocytes and macrophages and as such responsible for inflammation but might also be directly involved in the modulation of repair processes in the heart. We show that cultured human cardiac cells express MCP-1 and that its expression is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines and downregulated by hypoxia. We hypothesize that inflammation but not hypoxia is the main trigger for monocyte recruitment in the human heart.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y, Shimada T, Yoshimura S, Funada Y, Satouchi M, Yokoyama M. Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on soluble CD40 ligand in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Chest 2006; 129:632-7. [PMID: 16537861 DOI: 10.1378/chest.129.3.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. CD40-CD40 ligand interaction promotes several proinflammatory mediators and plays a pivotal role in the various stages of atherosclerotic diseases. The present study examines whether CD40 ligation contributes to outcomes in patients with OSAS. METHODS The study population comprised OSAS patients with an apnea hypopnea index (AHI) > or = 30 (n = 35) and control subjects (AHI < 5; n = 16). We measured serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) before and after nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy for 3 months. RESULTS Baseline levels of sCD40L were significantly higher in patients with OSAS (6.93 +/- 4.64 ng/mL) [mean +/- SD] than in control subjects (3.43 +/- 2.11 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Baseline levels of sCD40L positively correlated with TNF-alpha but not with hsCRP. The elevation of sCD40L was improved for 1 night after nCPAP therapy (3.83 +/- 2.78 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Even though patients with severe OSAS did not receive any other medication to control atherosclerotic risk factors for 3 months, nCPAP was continued to reduce the levels of sCD40L. CONCLUSION The present study suggested that sCD40L is a key factor that links OSAS and atherosclerotic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakajima K, Suga H, Matsuno H, Ishisaki A, Hirade K, Kozawa O. Differential roles of MAP kinases in atorvastatin-induced VEGF release in cardiac myocytes. Life Sci 2006; 79:1214-20. [PMID: 16701707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2005] [Revised: 01/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Statins, specific inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, are now widely used for treatment of patients with hypercholesterolemia. In addition to the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis, accumulating evidence indicates that statins have several pleiotropic effects especially on cardiovascular system. However, the exact role of statin in cardiac myocytes remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether atorvastatin induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release in cardiac myocytes, and the underlying mechanism. We observed that atorvastatin significantly stimulated VEGF release in a dose-dependent manner. It induced the phosphorylation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and p38 MAP kinase but not SAPK (stress-activated protein kinase)/JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase). The atorvastatin-induced VEGF release was enhanced by PD98059, which is a specific inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/p42 MAP kinase (MEK). Further, it was significantly reduced by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAP kinase. Furthermore, the atorvastatin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase was attenuated by SB203580, whereas it was enhanced by PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that the atorvastatin-induced VEGF release in cardiac myocytes is positively regulated by p38 MAP kinase and negatively regulated byp44/p42 MAP kinase and that the atorvastatin-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase is regulated by p44/p42 MAP kinase in these cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Nakajima
- Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Izumiya Y, Shiojima I, Sato K, Sawyer DB, Colucci WS, Walsh K. Vascular endothelial growth factor blockade promotes the transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to failure in response to pressure overload. Hypertension 2006; 47:887-93. [PMID: 16567591 PMCID: PMC3132898 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000215207.54689.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the myocardium. Here, we evaluated the effects of a decoy VEGF receptor on heart morphology and function to a murine model of pressure overload hypertrophy. Mice were administered adenoviral vector encoding a decoy VEGF receptor (Ad-Flk), and their hearts were subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Treatment with Ad-Flk led to a net reduction in capillary density in hearts subjected to TAC. Ad-Flk also led to a reduction in TAC-induced cardiac hypertrophy and promoted left ventricle dilatation and a loss in contractile function. Treatment with Ad-Flk markedly increased myocardial fibrosis and collagen gene upregulation. In contrast, Ad-Flk had no effect on any of these parameters in sham-treated mice. Administration of a VEGF trap reagent diminished pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy and promoted the progression to heart failure but had no effect on sham-treated animals. These findings suggest that VEGF is required to maintain myocardial capillary density and that reductions in the vascular bed are associated with the transition from compensatory hypertrophy to failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shimizu T, Sekine H, Isoi Y, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T. Long-Term Survival and Growth of Pulsatile Myocardial Tissue Grafts Engineered by the Layering of Cardiomyocyte Sheets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:499-507. [PMID: 16579683 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2006.12.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently researchers have attempted to bioengineer three-dimensional (3-D) myocardial tissues using cultured cells in order to repair damaged hearts. In contrast to the conventional approach of seeding cells onto 3-D biodegradable scaffolds, we have explored a novel technology called cell sheet engineering, which layers cell sheets to construct functional tissue grafts. In this study, in vivo survival, function, and morphology of myocardial tissue grafts were examined. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were noninvasively harvested as contiguous cell sheets from temperature-responsive culture dishes simply by reducing the culture temperature. Cardiomyocyte sheets were then layered and transplanted into the subcutaneous tissues of athymic rats. The microvasculature of the grafts was rapidly organized within a few days with macroscopic graft beatings observed 3 days after transplantation and preserved up to one year. Size, conduction velocity, and contractile force of transplanted grafts increased in proportion to the host growth. Histological studies showed characteristic structures of heart tissue, including elongated cardiomyocytes, well-differentiated sarcomeres, and gap junctions within the grafts. In conclusion, long-term survival and growth of pulsatile myocardial tissue grafts fabricated by layering cell sheets were confirmed, demonstrating that myocardial tissue regeneration based on cell sheet engineering may prove useful for permanent myocardial tissue repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shimizu
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sekiya S, Shimizu T, Yamato M, Kikuchi A, Okano T. Bioengineered cardiac cell sheet grafts have intrinsic angiogenic potential. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 341:573-82. [PMID: 16434025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.12.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2005] [Accepted: 12/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated the long-term survival of myocardial cell sheet constructs in vivo, with microvascular network formation throughout the engineered tissues. The understanding and control of these vascularization processes are a key factor for creating thicker functional tissues. Here, we show that cardiac cell sheets express angiogenesis-related genes and form endothelial cell networks in culture. After non-invasive harvest and stacking of cell sheets using temperature-responsive culture dishes, these endothelial cell networks are maintained and result in neovascularization upon in vivo transplantation. Interestingly, we also discovered that all of the graft vessels are derived from the grafts themselves and these vessels migrate to connect with the host vasculature. Finally, blood vessel formation within the grafts can be controlled by changing the ratio of endothelial cells. In conclusion, myocardial tissue grafts engineered with cell sheet technology have their own inherent potential for the in vivo neovascularization that can be regulated in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sekiya
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|