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Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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González‐López P, Álvarez‐Villarreal M, Ruiz‐Simón R, López‐Pastor AR, de Ceniga MV, Esparza L, Martín‐Ventura JL, Escribano Ó, Gómez‐Hernández A. Role of miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p in the inflammatory pathway regulated by NF-κB in experimental and human atherosclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1363. [PMID: 37605307 PMCID: PMC10442475 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) prevalence has significantly increased in the last decade and atherosclerosis development is the main trigger. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression of their target and their levels are frequently altered in CVDs. METHODS By RT-qPCR, we analysed miR-9-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-16-5p and miR-199a-3p levels in aorta from apolipoprotein knockout (ApoE-/- ) mice, an experimental model of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis, and in human aortic and carotid atherosclerotic samples. By in silico studies, Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence studies, we detected the targets of the altered miRNAs. RESULTS Our results show that miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p are significantly decreased in carotid and aortic samples from patients and mice with atherosclerosis. In addition, we found an increased expression in targets of both miRNAs that participate in the inflammatory pathway of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), such as IKKα, IKKβ and p65. In human vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the overexpression of miR-15a-5p or miR-199a-3p decreased IKKα, IKKβ and p65 protein levels as well as NF-κB activation. On the other hand, miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p overexpression reduced ox-LDL uptake and the inflammation regulated by NF-κB in VSMCs. Moreover, although miR-15a-5p and miR-199a-3p were significantly increased in exosomes from patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis, only in the ROC analyses for miR-15a-5p, the area under the curve was 0.8951 with a p value of .0028. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the decrease of miR-199a-3p and miR-15a-5p in vascular samples from human and experimental atherosclerosis could be involved in the NF-κB activation pathway, as well as in ox-LDL uptake by VSMCs, contributing to inflammation and progression atherosclerosis. Finally, miR-15a-5p could be used as a novel diagnostic biomarker for advanced atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula González‐López
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Marta Álvarez‐Villarreal
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Rubén Ruiz‐Simón
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Andrea R. López‐Pastor
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Melina Vega de Ceniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular SurgeryHospital of Galdakao‐UsansoloGaldakaoBizkaiaSpain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
| | - Leticia Esparza
- Department of Angiology and Vascular SurgeryHospital of Galdakao‐UsansoloGaldakaoBizkaiaSpain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research InstituteBarakaldoBizkaiaSpain
| | | | - Óscar Escribano
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
| | - Almudena Gómez‐Hernández
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of PharmacyComplutense University of MadridMadridSpain
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Liu H, Hallauer Hastings M, Kitchen R, Xiao C, Baldovino Guerra JR, Kuznetsov A, Rosenzweig A. Beneficial Effects of Moderate Hepatic Activin A Expression on Metabolic Pathways, Inflammation, and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:330-349. [PMID: 36453275 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease marked by hyperlipidemia and hematopoietic stem cell expansion. Activin A, a member of the Activin/GDF/TGFβ/BMP (growth/differentiation factor/transforming growth factor beta/bone morphogenetic protein) family is broadly expressed and increases in human atherosclerosis, but its functional effects in vivo in this context remain unclear. METHODS We studied LDLR-/- mice on a Western diet for 12 weeks and used adeno-associated viral vectors with a liver-specific TBG (thyroxine-binding globulin) promoter to express Activin A or GFP (control). Atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by oil red staining. Blood lipid profiling was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and immune cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Liver RNA-sequencing was performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Activin A expression decreased in both livers and aortae from LDLR-/- mice fed a Western diet compared with standard laboratory diet. Adenoassociated virus-TBG-Activin A increased Activin A hepatic expression ≈10-fold at 12 weeks; P<0.001) and circulating Activin A levels ≈2000 pg/ml versus ≈50 pg/ml; P<0.001, compared with controls). Hepatic Activin A expression decreased plasma total and LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol ≈60% and ≈40%, respectively), reduced inflammatory cells in aortae and proliferating hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow, and reduced atherosclerotic lesion and necrotic core area in aortae. Activin A also attenuated liver steatosis and expression of the lipogenesis genes, Srebp1 and Srebp2. RNA sequencing revealed Activin A not only blocked expression of genes involved in hepatic de novo lipogenesis but also fatty acid uptake and liver inflammation. In addition, Activin A expressed in the liver also reduced white fat tissue accumulation, decreased adipocyte size, and improved glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS Our studies reveal hepatic Activin A expression reduces inflammation, hematopoietic stem cell expansion, liver steatosis, circulating cholesterol, and fat accumulation, which likely all contribute to the observed protection against atherosclerosis. The reduced Activin A observed in LDLR-/- mice on a Western diet seems maladaptive and deleterious for atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Robert Kitchen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Alexandra Kuznetsov
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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4
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Wang W, Liang M, Wang L, Bei W, Rong X, Xu J, Guo J. Role of prostaglandin E2 in macrophage polarization: Insights into atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 207:115357. [PMID: 36455672 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a trigger of cardiovascular disease, poses grave threats to human health. Although atherosclerosis depends on lipid accumulation and vascular wall inflammation, abnormal phenotypic regulation of macrophages is considered the pathological basis of atherosclerosis. Macrophage polarization mainly refers to the transformation of macrophages into pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes, which has recently become a much-discussed topic. Increasing evidence has shown that M2 macrophage polarization can alleviate atherosclerosis progression. PGE2 is a bioactive lipid that has been observed to be elevated in atherosclerosis and to play a pro-inflammatory role, yet recent studies have reported that PGE2 promotes anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization and mitigates atherosclerosis progression. However, the mechanisms by which PGE2 acts remain unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge of PGE2 and macrophages in atherosclerosis. Additionally, we discuss potential PGE2 mechanisms of macrophage polarization, including CREB, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways, which may provide important therapeutic strategies based on targeting PGE2 pathways to modulate macrophage polarization for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixuan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mingjie Liang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weijian Bei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University; Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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5
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Li W, Jin K, Luo J, Xu W, Wu Y, Zhou J, Wang Y, Xu R, Jiao L, Wang T, Yang G. NF-κB and its crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum stress in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988266. [PMID: 36204587 PMCID: PMC9530249 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, in which multiple pathways and their interweaving regulatory mechanism remain unclear. The primary transcription factor NF-κB plays a critical role in AS via modulating the expression of a series of inflammatory mediators under various stimuli such as cytokines, microbial antigens, and intracellular stresses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by the disrupted synthesis and secretion of protein, links inflammation, metabolic signals, and other cellular processes via the unfolded protein response (UPR). Both NF-κB and ER stress share the intersection regarding their molecular regulation and function and are regarded as critical individual contributors to AS. In this review, we summarize the multiple interactions between NF-κB and ER stress activation, including the UPR, NLRP3 inflammasome, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which have been ignored in the pathogenesis of AS. Given the multiple links between NF-κB and ER stress, we speculate that the integrated network contributes to the understanding of molecular mechanisms of AS. This review aims to provide an insight into these interactions and their underlying roles in the progression of AS, highlighting potential pharmacological targets against the atherosclerotic inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Jin
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jichang Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wu
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Disease Research and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Liqun Jiao,
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
| | - Ge Yang
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Machine Intelligence, National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tao Wang,
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González-López P, Ares-Carral C, López-Pastor AR, Infante-Menéndez J, González Illaness T, Vega de Ceniga M, Esparza L, Beneit N, Martín-Ventura JL, Escribano Ó, Gómez-Hernández A. Implication of miR-155-5p and miR-143-3p in the Vascular Insulin Resistance and Instability of Human and Experimental Atherosclerotic Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810253. [PMID: 36142173 PMCID: PMC9499612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death in developed countries, being atherosclerosis, a recurring process underlying their apparition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the expression of their targets and have emerged as key players in CVDs; (2) Methods: 18 miRNAs were selected (Pubmed and GEO database) for their possible role in promoting atherosclerosis and were analysed by RT-qPCR in the aorta from apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Afterwards, the altered miRNAs in the aorta from 18 weeks-ApoE−/− mice were studied in human aortic and carotid samples; (3) Results: miR-155-5p was overexpressed and miR-143-3p was downregulated in mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, a significant decrease in protein kinase B (AKT), target of miR-155-5p, and an increase in insulin-like growth factor type II receptor (IGF-IIR), target of miR-143-3p, were noted in aortic roots from ApoE−/− mice and in carotid plaques from patients with advanced carotid atherosclerosis (ACA). Finally, the overexpression of miR-155-5p reduced AKT levels and its phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells, while miR-143-3p overexpression decreased IGF-IIR reducing apoptosis in vascular cells; (4) Conclusions: Our results suggest that miR-155-5p and miR-143-3p may be implicated in insulin resistance and plaque instability by the modulation of their targets AKT and IGF-IIR, contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula González-López
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Ares-Carral
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea R. López-Pastor
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Infante-Menéndez
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara González Illaness
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melina Vega de Ceniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Leticia Esparza
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, 48960 Galdakao, Spain
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- IIS-Fundation Jimenez-Diaz, Autonoma University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.E.); (A.G.-H.); Tel.: +34-91-3941853 (Ó.E. & A.G.-H.)
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Hepatic and Vascular Diseases Laboratory, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (Ó.E.); (A.G.-H.); Tel.: +34-91-3941853 (Ó.E. & A.G.-H.)
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Bryson TD, Harding P. Prostaglandin E2 EP receptors in cardiovascular disease: An update. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 195:114858. [PMID: 34822808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an update for the role of prostaglandin E2 receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4) in cardiovascular disease. Where possible we have reported citations from the last decade although this was not possible for all of the topics covered due to the paucity of publications. The authors have attempted to cover the subjects of ischemia-reperfusion injury, arrhythmias, hypertension, novel protein binding partners of the EP receptors and their pathophysiological significance, and cardiac regeneration. These latter two topics bring studies of the EP receptors into new and exciting areas of research that are just beginning to be explored. Where there is peer-reviewed literature, the authors have placed particular emphasis on clinical studies although these are limited in number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Bryson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Pamela Harding
- Hypertension & Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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8
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Pello Lázaro AM, Blanco-Colio LM, Franco Peláez JA, Tuñón J. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2835. [PMID: 34198968 PMCID: PMC8268779 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has long been known to play a role in atherogenesis and plaque complication, as well as in some drugs used in therapy for atherosclerotic disease, such as statins, acetylsalicylic acid, and modulators of the renin-angiotensin system, which also have anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, inflammatory biomarkers have been demonstrated to predict the incidence of cardiovascular events. In spite of this, and with the exception of acetylsalicylic acid, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are unable to decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events and may even be harmful to the cardiovascular system. In recent years, other anti-inflammatory drugs, such as canakinumab and colchicine, have shown an ability to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events in secondary prevention. Colchicine could be a potential candidate for use in clinical practice given its safety and low price, although the results of temporary studies require confirmation in large randomized clinical trials. In this paper, we discuss the evidence linking inflammation with atherosclerosis and review the results from various clinical trials performed with anti-inflammatory drugs. We also discuss the potential use of these drugs in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Pello Lázaro
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.L.); (J.A.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Franco Peláez
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.L.); (J.A.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Tuñón
- Department of Cardiology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.P.L.); (J.A.F.P.)
- Department of Medicine, Autónoma University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- CIBERCV, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK)/Fibroblast Growth Factor-Inducible 14 (Fn14) Axis in Cardiovascular Diseases: Progress and Challenges. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020405. [PMID: 32053869 PMCID: PMC7072601 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in Western countries. CVD include several pathologies, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and aortic aneurysm, among others. All of them are characterized by a pathological vascular remodeling in which inflammation plays a key role. Interaction between different members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily and their cognate receptors induce several biological actions that may participate in CVD. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its functional receptor, fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14), are abundantly expressed during pathological cardiovascular remodeling. The TWEAK/Fn14 axis controls a variety of cellular functions, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and has several biological functions, such as inflammation and fibrosis that are linked to CVD. It has been demonstrated that persistent TWEAK/Fn14 activation is involved in both vessel and heart remodeling associated with acute and chronic CVD. In this review, we summarized the role of the TWEAK/Fn14 axis during pathological cardiovascular remodeling, highlighting the cellular components and the signaling pathways that are involved in these processes.
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10
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Sun Z, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Genetic and Functional Variants Analysis of the GATA6 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 31781165 PMCID: PMC6851265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by the combination of genetic factors and acquired environment. Although some common genetic variations have been recorded to contribute to the development of CAD and AMI, more genetic factors and potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The GATA6 gene is expressed in the heart during embryogenesis and is also detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), different human primary endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular ECs in mice. To date, no studies have directly linked GATA6 gene with regulation of the CAD. Methods: In this study, we used a case-control study to investigate and analyze the genetic variations and functional variations of the GATA6 gene promoter region in AMI patients and controls. A variety of statistical analysis methods were utilized to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMI. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants (DSVs) was performed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was selected to examine DNA-protein interactions. Results: A total of 705 subjects were enrolled in the study. Ten DSVs were found in AMI patients (n = 352) and controls (n = 353), including seven SNPs. One novel heterozygous DSV, (g.22168409 A > G), and two SNPs, [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760) and g.22168521 G > T(rs1445501474)], were reported in three AMI patients, which were not found in controls. The relevant statistical analysis, including allele and genotype frequencies between AMI patients and controls, five genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis, and SNP–SNP interactions, suggested no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The transcriptional activity of GATA6 gene promoter was significantly increased by the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)]. The EMSA revealed that the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] evidently influenced the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] may increase GATA6 levels in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Whether the two variants identified in the GATA6 gene promoter can promote the development and progression of human AMI by altering GATA6 levels still requires further studies to verify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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11
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Dose-Effect of Irbesartan on Cyclooxygenase-2 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Rabbit Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 71:82-94. [PMID: 29420356 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Irbesartan has previously shown antiatherosclerotic effects on human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Our study aimed to assess the dose-effect of irbesartan on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in rabbit atherosclerotic aorta. New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups: normal control (NC), high cholesterol (HC), low-dose (10 mg·kg·day), medium-dose (20 mg·kg·d), and high-dose (30 mg·kg·d) irbesartan and celecoxib (20 mg·kg·d). Except for the NCs, rabbits were fed a HC diet for 14 weeks to induce atherosclerosis. Aortic atherosclerotic lesions and messenger RNA and protein expression of COX-2, MMP-9, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were subsequently measured. The surface area of aortic atherosclerotic lesions was visibly larger in the HC group than in NCs (P < 0.01), but showed considerable reduction with medium- and high-dosage irbesartan and celecoxib treatments (P < 0.01). In medium- and high-dosage irbesartan and celecoxib groups, COX-2 and MMP-9 expression and NF-κB activity were significantly lower than in the high-cholesterol group (P < 0.01). No significant differences in treatment effects were observed between the high-dosage irbesartan and celecoxib groups (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that medium and high doses of irbesartan and celecoxib have antiatherosclerotic effects in aortic plaques via inhibition of COX-2 and MMP-9 by suppressing NF-κB activation. High-dose irbesartan has effects similar to celecoxib.
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12
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Kim SK, Jang HM, Kim DY. The promoter polymorphism of NFKB1 gene contributes to susceptibility of ischemic stroke in Korean population. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:1096-1100. [PMID: 30656176 PMCID: PMC6323349 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836592.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of ischemic stroke is associated with inflammatory response, in which the nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 (NFKB1) plays an important role. The aim of present study was to determine whether promoter single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NFKB1 gene was contributed to susceptibility of ischemic stroke. One hundred twenty-one Korean adult patients with ischemic stroke (65.7±12.1 years in age) and 291 Korean healthy controls (63.0±9.3 years in age) were recruited. We genotyped a promoter SNP (rs11940017, −1727, C/T) of NFKB1 gene using direct sequencing in 121 Korean ischemic stroke patients and 291 control subjects. The T/C genotype of rs11940017 SNP in the codominant model (vs. the T/T genotype) (odds ratio [OR], 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15–0.92; P=0.032) and the genotype containing C allele (T/C and C/C) in the dominant model (vs. the T/T genotype) (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.14–0.81; P=0.0068) were associated with a decreased risk of ischemic stroke. The frequency of C allele was decreased in ischemic stroke patients, compared with control subjects (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13–0.74; P=0.008). These results suggest that the promoter SNP (rs11940017, −1727, C/T) of NFKB1 gene may affect ischemic stroke susceptibility in Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Hyang Mi Jang
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, School of Nursing, Kyungdong University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Young Kim
- Department of Sports Healthcare, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Korea
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13
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Beneit N, Martín-Ventura JL, Rubio-Longás C, Escribano Ó, García-Gómez G, Fernández S, Sesti G, Hribal ML, Egido J, Gómez-Hernández A, Benito M. Potential role of insulin receptor isoforms and IGF receptors in plaque instability of human and experimental atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29463262 PMCID: PMC5819698 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0675-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical complications associated with atherosclerotic plaques arise from luminal obstruction due to plaque growth or destabilization leading to rupture. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of insulin receptor isoform A (IRA) and insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) confers a proliferative and migratory advantage to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) promoting plaque growth in early stages of atherosclerosis. However, the role of insulin receptor (IR) isoforms, IGF-IR or insulin-like growth factor-II receptor (IGF-IIR) in VSMCs apoptosis during advanced atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS We evaluated IR isoforms expression in human carotid atherosclerotic plaques by consecutive immunoprecipitations of insulin receptor isoform B (IRB) and IRA. Western blot analysis was performed to measure IGF-IR, IGF-IIR, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in human plaques. The expression of those proteins, as well as the presence of apoptotic cells, was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in experimental atherosclerosis using BATIRKO; ApoE-/- mice, a model showing more aggravated vascular damage than ApoE-/- mice. Finally, apoptosis of VSMCs bearing IR (IRLoxP+/+ VSMCs), or not (IR-/- VSMCs), expressing IRA (IRA VSMCs) or expressing IRB (IRB VSMCs), was assessed by Western blot against cleaved caspase 3. RESULTS We observed a significant decrease of IRA/IRB ratio in human complicated plaques as compared to non-complicated regions. Moreover, complicated plaques showed a reduced IGF-IR expression, an increased IGF-IIR expression, and lower levels of α-SMA indicating a loss of VSMCs. In experimental atherosclerosis, we found a significant decrease of IRA with an increased IRB expression in aorta from 24-week-old BATIRKO; ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, atherosclerotic plaques from BATIRKO; ApoE-/- mice had less VSMCs content and higher number of apoptotic cells. In vitro experiments showed that IGF-IR inhibition by picropodophyllin induced apoptosis in VSMCs. Apoptosis induced by thapsigargin was lower in IR-/- VSMCs expressing higher IGF-IR levels as compared to IRLoxP+/+ VSMCs. Finally, IRB VSMCs are more prone to thapsigargin-induced apoptosis than IRA or IRLoxP+/+ VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS In advanced human atherosclerosis, a reduction of IRA/IRB ratio, decreased IGF-IR expression, or increased IGF-IIR may contribute to VSMCs apoptosis, promoting plaque instability and increasing the risk of plaque rupture and its clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Rubio-Longás
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema García-Gómez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Fernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jesús Egido
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.,Vascular Research Lab, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Autonoma University, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Benito
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Tian H, Yao ST, Yang NN, Ren J, Jiao P, Zhang X, Li DX, Zhang GA, Xia ZF, Qin SC. D4F alleviates macrophage-derived foam cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB-dependent Fas/FasL pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7333. [PMID: 28779128 PMCID: PMC5544683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the protective effect of D4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway-mediated apoptosis in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Our results showed that ox-LDL induced apoptosis, NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation and the upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins, including Fas, FasL, Fas-associated death domain proteins (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-3 in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas silencing of Fas blocked ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of P65 attenuated macrophage apoptosis and the upregulation of Fas caused by ox-LDL, whereas P65 expression was not significantly affected by treatment with Fas siRNA. D4F attenuated the reduction of cell viability and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis. Additionally, D4F inhibited ox-LDL-induced P65 nuclear translocation and upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-/- mice. However, Jo2, a Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, reversed the inhibitory effect of D4F on ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis and upregulation of Fas, FasL and FADD. These data indicate that NF-κB mediates Fas/FasL pathway activation and apoptosis in macrophages induced by ox-LDL and that D4F protects macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and the Fas/FasL pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Tong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China. .,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
| | - Na-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Disease and Hebei Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Dong-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Gong-An Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Zhen-Fang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Shu-Cun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Atherosclerosis in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Atherosclerosis, Taishan Medical University, Taian, 271000, China.
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15
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Lin C, Tang X, Xu L, Qian R, Shi Z, Wang L, Cai T, Yan D, Fu W, Guo D. Intracellular high cholesterol content disorders the clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and fibrinolytic-related genes rhythmic expressions in human plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:135. [PMID: 28693506 PMCID: PMC5504704 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The clock genes are involved in regulating cardiovascular functions, and their expression disorders would lead to circadian rhythm disruptions of clock-controlled genes (CCGs), resulting in atherosclerotic plaque formation and rupture. Our previous study revealed the rhythmic expression of clock genes were attenuated in human plaque-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs), but failed to detect the downstream CCGs expressions and the underlying molecular mechanism. In this study, we examined the difference of CCGs rhythmic expression between human normal carotid VSMCs (NVSMCs) and PVSMCs. Furthermore, we compared the cholesterol and triglycerides levels between two groups and the link to clock genes and CCGs expressions. Methods Seven health donors’ normal carotids and 19 carotid plaques yielded viable cultured NVSMCs and PVSMCs. The expression levels of target genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and Western-blot. The intracellular cholesterol and triglycerides levels were measured by kits. Result The circadian expressions of apoptosis-related genes and fibrinolytic-related genes were disordered. Besides, the cholesterol levels were significant higher in PVSMCs. After treated with cholesterol or oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), the expressions of clock genes were inhibited; and the rhythmic expressions of clock genes, apoptosis-related genes and fibrinolytic-related genes were disturbed in NVSMCs, which were similar to PVSMCs. Conclusion The results suggested that intracellular high cholesterol content of PVSMCs would lead to the disorders of clock genes and CCGs rhythmic expressions. And further studies should be conducted to demonstrate the specific molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpo Lin
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lirong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruizhe Qian
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhenyu Shi
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tingting Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Daqiao Guo
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui district, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Impact of Continuous Erythropoietin Receptor Activator on Selected Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease and Left Ventricle Structure and Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:9879615. [PMID: 27034745 PMCID: PMC4789516 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9879615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are very high in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (CERA) on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, left ventricle structure, and function in CKD. Material and Methods. Peripheral blood was collected from 25 CKD patients before and after CERA treatment and 20 healthy subjects. In serum samples, we assessed inflammatory markers (IL-1β, TNF-RI, TNF-RII, sFas, sFasL, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TGF-β1), endothelial dysfunction markers (sE-selectin, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1), and volume-related marker (NT-proBNP). All subjects underwent echocardiography and were evaluated for selected biochemical parameters (Hb, creatinine, and CRP). Results. Evaluated biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters of left ventricle structure were significantly increased but left ventricle EF was significantly decreased in CKD patients compared to controls. After CERA treatment, we observed a significant increase of Hb and left ventricle EF and a significant decrease of NT-proBNP and MMP-9. There was a significant negative correlation between Hb and TNF-RI, sICAM-1, and IL-1β. Conclusions. Our results indicate that selected biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk are significantly increased in CKD patients compared to controls. CERA treatment has anti-inflammatory action, diminishes endothelial dysfunction, and improves left ventricle function in these patients.
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17
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Adly AA, Ismail EA, Andrawes NG, Mahmoud MM, Eladawy R. Soluble Fas/FasL ratio as a marker of vasculopathy in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Cytokine 2016; 79:52-8. [PMID: 26765484 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic inflammation due to ischemic tissue damage, accentuated during acute complications. Fas and its ligand (FasL) are members of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and a major pathway for induction of apoptosis. Fas/FasL interactions may be related to augmentation of inflammatory response. We assessed the levels of sFas and sFasL in 35 children and adolescents with SCD compared with 35 healthy controls in relation to hemolysis, iron overload, sickle vasculopathy including kidney disease. METHODS SCD patients, in steady state and asymptomatic for pulmonary hypertension, were studied stressing on hydroxyurea therapy, serum ferritin, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and sFas/sFasL levels. RESULTS sFas/sFasL ratio was significantly higher in patients compared with controls. sFas/sFasL ratio was elevated in patients with pulmonary hypertension, nephropathy and those who had history of frequent sickling crisis or serum ferritin ⩾2500. SCD patients treated with hydroxyurea had lower sFas/sFasL ratio than untreated patients. sFas/sFasL ratio was positively correlated to transfusion index, white blood cells, hs-CRP, serum ferritin and UACR. The cutoff value of sFas/sFasL at 8.75pg/mL could differentiate SCD patients with and without nephropathy while the cutoff value at 22pg/mL could differentiate SCD patients with and without pulmonary hypertension risk with high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION sFas/sFasL ratio may be considered as a marker for vascular dysfunction in SCD patients and is related to inflammation, iron overload and albuminuria level. Thus, it may be a reliable method to assess renal impairment in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Adly
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Eman A Ismail
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.
| | - Nevine G Andrawes
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Mai M Mahmoud
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Rasha Eladawy
- Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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18
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Xu X, Lu L, Dong Q, Li X, Zhang N, Xin Y, Xuan S. Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. Lipids Health Dis 2015; 14:158. [PMID: 26631018 PMCID: PMC4668687 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-015-0141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic stress-induced liver disease that is closely related not only to genetic susceptibility but also to insulin resistance and highly linked with metabolic syndrome. In recent years, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased rapidly, paralleling the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity leading to cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated that NAFLD is highly associated with atherosclerosis. With recently gained knowledge, it appears that NAFLD may induce insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fluctuation of adipokines associated with atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent discoveries related to both NAFLD and atherosclerosis, and to identify possible mechanisms linking them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanyong Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongning Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China. .,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shiying Xuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Qingdao, China. .,Digestive Disease Key Laboratory of Qingdao, Qingdao, China. .,Central Laboratories, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China.
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19
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Perdomo L, Beneit N, Otero YF, Escribano Ó, Díaz-Castroverde S, Gómez-Hernández A, Benito M. Protective role of oleic acid against cardiovascular insulin resistance and in the early and late cellular atherosclerotic process. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2015; 14:75. [PMID: 26055507 PMCID: PMC4475625 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several translational studies have identified the differential role between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids at cardiovascular level. However, the molecular mechanisms that support the protective role of oleate in cardiovascular cells are poorly known. For these reasons, we studied the protective role of oleate in the insulin resistance and in the atherosclerotic process at cellular level such as in cardiomyocytes (CMs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). METHODS The effect of oleate in the cardiovascular insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, inflammation, proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs were analyzed by Western blot, qRT-PCR, BrdU incorporation and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS Palmitate induced insulin resistance. However, oleate not only did not induce cardiovascular insulin resistance but also had a protective effect against insulin resistance induced by palmitate or TNFα. One mechanism involved might be the prevention by oleate of JNK-1/2 or NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α or palmitate. Oleate reduced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 and increased eNOS expression induced by proinflammatory cytokines in ECs. Furthermore, oleate impaired the proliferation induced by TNF-α, angiotensin II or palmitate and the apoptosis induced by TNF-α or thapsigargin in VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a differential role between oleate and palmitate and support the concept of the cardioprotector role of oleate as the main lipid component of virgin olive oil. Thus, oleate protects against cardiovascular insulin resistance, improves endothelial dysfunction in response to proinflammatory signals and finally, reduces proliferation and apoptosis in VSMCs that may contribute to an ameliorated atherosclerotic process and plaque stability.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/drug effects
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Inflammation
- Insulin Resistance
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/drug effects
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mice
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- NF-kappa B/drug effects
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/drug effects
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Oleic Acid/pharmacology
- Palmitates/pharmacology
- Palmitic Acid/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Perdomo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda F Otero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabela Díaz-Castroverde
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manuel Benito
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases, Madrid, Spain
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Gupta A, Mohanty P, Bhatnagar S. Integrative analysis of ocular complications in atherosclerosis unveils pathway convergence and crosstalk. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:149-64. [PMID: 25055025 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.942462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a life-threatening disease and a major cause of mortalities worldwide. While many of the atherosclerotic sequelae are reflected as microvascular effects in the eye, the molecular mechanisms of their development is not yet known. In this study, we employed a systems biology approach to unveil the most significant events and key molecular mediators of ophthalmic sequelae caused by atherosclerosis. Literature mining was used to identify the proteins involved in both atherosclerosis and ophthalmic diseases. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was prepared using the literature-mined seed nodes. Network topological analysis was carried out using Cytoscape, while network nodes were annotated using database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery in order to identify the most enriched pathways and processes. Network analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) and protein kinase C occur with highest betweenness centrality, degree and closeness centrality, thus reflecting their functional importance to the network. Our analysis shows that atherosclerosis-associated ophthalmic complications are caused by the convergence of neurotrophin signaling pathways, multiple immune response pathways and focal adhesion pathway on the MAPK signaling pathway. The PPI network shares features with vasoregression, a process underlying multiple vascular eye diseases. Our study presents a first clear and composite picture of the components and crosstalk of the main pathways of atherosclerosis-induced ocular diseases. The hub bottleneck nodes highlight the presence of molecules important for mediating the ophthalmic complications of atherosclerosis and contain five established drug targets for future therapeutic modulation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Gupta
- Division of Biotechnology, Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology , New Delhi , India
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21
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Pateras I, Giaginis C, Tsigris C, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. NF-κB signaling at the crossroads of inflammation and atherogenesis: searching for new therapeutic links. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1089-101. [DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.938051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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22
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Blanco-Colio LM. TWEAK/Fn14 Axis: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:3. [PMID: 24478772 PMCID: PMC3895871 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the first cause of mortality in Western countries. CVD include several pathologies such as coronary heart disease, stroke or cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and aortic aneurysm, among others. Interaction between members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and their receptors elicits several biological actions that could participate in CVD. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and its functional receptor and fibroblast growth factor-inducible molecule 14 (Fn14) are two proteins belonging to the TNF superfamily that activate NF-κB by both canonical and non-canonical pathways and regulate several cell functions such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, cell death, inflammation, and angiogenesis. TWEAK/Fn14 axis plays a beneficial role in tissue repair after acute injury. However, persistent TWEAK/Fn14 activation mediated by blocking experiments or overexpression experiments in animal models has shown an important role of this axis in the pathological remodeling underlying CVD. In this review, we summarize the role of TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in the development of CVD, focusing on atherosclerosis and stroke and the molecular mechanisms by which TWEAK/Fn14 interaction participates in these pathologies. We also review the role of the soluble form of TWEAK as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of CVD. Finally, we highlight the results obtained with other members of the TNF superfamily that also activate canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathway.
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Ren S, Fan X, Peng L, Pan L, Yu C, Tong J, Zhang W, Liu P. Expression of NF-κB, CD68 and CD105 in carotid atherosclerotic plaque. J Thorac Dis 2014; 5:771-6. [PMID: 24409354 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is associated with cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of inflammatory factors in carotid artherosclerotic plaques in order to explore its clinical significance in patients with carotid stenosis. Forty three patients with carotid stenosis were divided into symptomatic group (n=24) and asymptomatic group (n=19) based on clinical manifestation. All patients were treated with selective standard carotid endarterectomy (CEA); the carotid atherosclerotic plaques were removed surgically and studied pathologically to investigate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa κ (NF-κB), CD68 and CD105. The plaques were grouped into stable and unstable plaques based on thickness of the fibrous cap and the area of lipid-rich core in the plaques. The proportion of unstable plaques were significantly higher in symptomatic group than in asymptomatic group (70.8% vs. 63.2%, P=0.026). Results of immunohistochemisty staining showed that the expression of NF-κB, CD68 and CD105 in unstable plaques was higher than stable plaques (P<0.001). The association of the higher expression of these factors with instability of carotid plaque needs to be clarified in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Ren
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueqiang Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changan Yu
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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24
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Li H, Zuo X, Ouyang P, Lin M, Zhao Z, Liang Y, Zhong S, Rao S. Identifying functional modules for coronary artery disease by a prior knowledge-based approach. Gene 2013; 537:260-8. [PMID: 24389497 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the underlying genetic mechanisms for coronary artery disease (CAD) have been largely unknown, with just a list of genes identified accounting for very little of the disease in the population. Hence, a systematic dissection of the sophisticated interplays between these individual disease genes and their functional involvements becomes essential. Here, we presented a novel knowledge-based approach to identify the functional modules for CAD. First, we selected 266 disease genes in CADgene database as the initial seed genes, and used PPI knowledge as a guide to expand these genes into a CAD-specific gene network. Then, we used Newman's algorithm to decompose the primary network into 14 compact modules with high modularity. By analysis of these modules, we further identified 114 hub genes, all either directly or indirectly associated with CAD. Finally, by functional analysis of these modules, we revealed several novel pathogenic mechanisms for CAD (for examples, some yet rarely concerned like peptide YY receptor activity, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and actin cytoskeleton regulation etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoli Li
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Statistical Sciences, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shouqiang Zhong
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Shaoqi Rao
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology and Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, China; Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Statistical Sciences, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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25
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Ren S, Fan X, Peng L, Pan L, Yu C, Tong J, Zhang W, Liu P. Expression of NF-κB, CD68 and CD105 in carotid atherosclerotic plaque. J Thorac Dis 2013. [PMID: 24409354 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.12.36.pmid:] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability is associated with cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of inflammatory factors in carotid artherosclerotic plaques in order to explore its clinical significance in patients with carotid stenosis. Forty three patients with carotid stenosis were divided into symptomatic group (n=24) and asymptomatic group (n=19) based on clinical manifestation. All patients were treated with selective standard carotid endarterectomy (CEA); the carotid atherosclerotic plaques were removed surgically and studied pathologically to investigate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa κ (NF-κB), CD68 and CD105. The plaques were grouped into stable and unstable plaques based on thickness of the fibrous cap and the area of lipid-rich core in the plaques. The proportion of unstable plaques were significantly higher in symptomatic group than in asymptomatic group (70.8% vs. 63.2%, P=0.026). Results of immunohistochemisty staining showed that the expression of NF-κB, CD68 and CD105 in unstable plaques was higher than stable plaques (P<0.001). The association of the higher expression of these factors with instability of carotid plaque needs to be clarified in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Ren
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueqiang Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Pan
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changan Yu
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Tong
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjian Zhang
- Clinical research institute, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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26
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Li LX, Zhang XF, Bai X, Tong Q. SDF-1 promotes ox-LDL induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:988-94. [PMID: 23658061 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the regulatory roles of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C motif receptor 4 (CXCR4) on cell proliferation and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via the protein kinase C (PKC) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathways have been investigated. Rat aortic VSMCs were treated with control or an oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) atherosclerosis (AS) model. Cells exposed to the AS model were treated with SDF-1 plus inhibitors specific for PKC (Ro31-8220), CXCR4 (12G5) or NF-κB (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC). Cell proliferation was measured with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and apoptosis by flow cytometry. NF-κB protein expression was analysed using Western blotting. The proliferation rate in the AS model group was significantly higher than the control group, but lower than the SDF-1 group (P < 0.05). Apoptosis in the AS model group (ox-LDL) was significantly higher than the normal control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the apoptosis rate in the SDF-1 group was significantly lower than the normal control group (P < 0.05); however, there was no difference from the Ro31-8220 group. NF-κB protein expression in the SDF-1 group was significantly higher than the AS model (ox-LDL) group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SDF-1 can promote the proliferation of VSMCs induced by ox-LDL and inhibit cell apoptosis, via the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xing Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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27
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Peptide inhibitor of NF-κB translocation ameliorates experimental atherosclerosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1910-21. [PMID: 23597852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. NF-κB is a major regulator of inflammation that controls the expression of many genes involved in atherogenesis. Activated NF-κB was detected in human atherosclerotic plaques, and modulation of NF-κB inflammatory activity limits disease progression in mice. Herein, we investigate the anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective effects of a cell-permeable peptide containing the NF-κB nuclear localization sequence (NLS). In vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages, NLS peptide specifically blocked the importin α-mediated nuclear import of NF-κB and prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, cell migration, and oxidative stress. In experimental atherosclerosis (apolipoprotein E-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet), i.p., 0.13 μmol/day NLS peptide administration for 5 weeks attenuated NF-κB activation in atherosclerotic plaques. NLS peptide significantly inhibited lesion development at both early (age 10 weeks) and advanced (age 28 weeks) stages of atherosclerosis in mice, without affecting serum lipid levels. Plaques from NLS-treated mice contained fewer macrophages of pro-inflammatory M1 subtype than those from respective untreated controls. By contrast, the relative smooth muscle cell and collagen content was increased, indicating a more stable plaque phenotype. NLS peptide also attenuated pro-inflammatory gene expression and oxidative stress in aortic lesions. Our study demonstrates that targeting NF-κB nuclear translocation hampers inflammation and atherosclerosis development and identifies cell-permeable NLS peptide as a potential anti-atherosclerotic agent.
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Chen J, Jiang H, Yang J, Chen SS, Xu L. Down-regulation of CREB-binding protein expression blocks thrombin-mediated endothelial activation by inhibiting acetylation of NF-κB. Int J Cardiol 2012; 154:147-52. [PMID: 20926146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CREB-binding protein (CBP) belongs to a unique class of transcription co-activators possessing histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of CBP in thrombin-induced endothelial activation, and also explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion was calculated as the proportion of the labeled-neutrophils that adhered to ECs relative to all neutrophils applied. Levels of adhesion molecules were analyzed by real-time RT-PCR and western blot. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and NF-κB reporter assay were performed to evaluate NF-κB activation. Acetylation of NF-κB was measured with immunoprecipitation and western blot assay. To detect the CBP-HAT activity, acetyl residues on an acetylated histone H4 was analyzed. RESULTS Leukocyte-endothelial adhesion induced by thrombin was markedly attenuated in endothelial cells with CBP knockdown. The decreased adhesion was paralleled by the reduction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin. Furthermore, CBP silencing suppressed thrombin-mediated NF-κB activation, and this inhibitory effect was associated with decreased acetylation of NF-κB and CBP-HAT activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that CBP is involved in the regulation of endothelial activation via NF-κB-dependent pathway. Down-regulation of CBP may play a role in returning ECs from a pre-inflammatory status to a quiescent state in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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29
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Hoke M, Schillinger M, Zorn G, Wonnerth A, Amighi J, Mlekusch W, Speidl W, Maurer G, Koppensteiner R, Minar E, Wojta J, Niessner A. The prognostic impact of soluble apoptosis-stimulating fragment on mortality in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Stroke 2011; 42:2465-70. [PMID: 21757675 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.611301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Markers of apoptosis are associated with cardiovascular disease. The soluble apoptosis-stimulating fragment (sFAS) was found to be a predictor for outcome in patients with heart failure, but its importance in patients with atherosclerotic disease has not been fully understood as yet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of sFAS on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries. METHODS We studied 981 of 1286 consecutive patients with neurological asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis as evaluated by duplex Doppler sonography. Patients were prospectively followed for long-term all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.2 years (interquartile range, 5.9 to 6.6 years), a total of 250 deaths (25.5%), including 165 (66%) cardiovascular deaths, were recorded. The risk for all-cause and for cardiovascular mortality, respectively, increased significantly with sFAS concentrations (P<0.001). The hazard ratio for all-cause death was elevated by 2.3-fold (P<0.001) and for cardiovascular death by 2.4-fold (P<0.001) in patients within the highest quintile of sFAS compared with patients within the lowest quintile, respectively. Results remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders and established cardiovascular risk factors, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Patients with high sFAS but low high-sensitivity C-reactive protein had a comparable survival rate with those with elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein only (P=0.50). CONCLUSIONS Markers of apoptosis, as measured by sFAS, were found to be independent risk predictors for death in patients with atherosclerotic disease in the carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Saber H, Ferns GAA. The potential role of heat shock protein 27 in cardiovascular disease. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:15-24. [PMID: 21514288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) comprise several families of proteins expressed by a number of cell types following exposure to stressful environmental conditions that include heat, free radicals, toxins and ischemia, and are particularly involved in the recognition and renaturation of mis-folded proteins. Heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small Hsp (sHsp) family with a molecular weight of approximately 27 KDa. In addition to its chaperoning functions, Hsp27 also appears to be involved in a diverse range of cellular functions, promoting cell survival through effects on the apoptotic pathway and plays important roles in cytoskeleton dynamics, cell differentiation and embryogenesis. Over the past two decades there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between Hsp27 and cardiovascular disease. Hsp27 is thought to exert an important role in the atherosclerotic process. Serum Hsp27 concentrations appear to be a biomarker of myocardial ischemia. In this review, we will focus on the possible protective and immuno-modulatory roles of Hsp27 in atherogenesis with special emphasis on their changes following acute coronary events and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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31
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Guzmán-Fulgencio M, Berenguer J, García-Álvarez M, Micheloud D, C. López J, Cosín J, Fernández de Castro I, Catalán P, Miralles P, Resino S. Soluble Fas and Fas ligand in HIV/HCV coinfected patients and impact of HCV therapy. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:1213-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1215-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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32
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Yang C, Liu X, Cao Q, Liang Q, Qiu X. Prostaglandin E receptors as inflammatory therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Life Sci 2011; 88:201-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Acute cerebral ischemia elicits an innate immune response that leads to a cascade of events that culminates in necrotic death of neurons and injury to their supportive structures in the neurovascular unit. Indeed, clinical studies have shown a close relationship between elevated levels of inflammatory markers and the risk for ischemic stroke. However, the signaling pathways that link these events are not well understood. A central regulator of inflammatory response is the transcription factor, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). The activation of NF-κB is required for the transcriptional induction of many proinflammatory mediators involved in innate immunity, such as cellular adhesion molecules, cytokines, and growth factors. Therefore, factors that modulate the activity of NF-κB could potentially regulate inflammatory processes in ischemic stroke. Here, we review the relationship between NF-κB and ischemic stroke, its role in the neurovascular unit, and discuss some animal models that suggest that this relationship is causal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier A Harari
- Vascular Medicine Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yang X, Hu W, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Sun L. Puerarin Inhibits C-Reactive Protein Expression via Suppression of Nuclear Factor κB Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:637-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Katsargyris A, Theocharis SE, Tsiodras S, Giaginis K, Bastounis E, Klonaris C. Enhanced TLR4 endothelial cell immunohistochemical expression in symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 14:1-10. [PMID: 20001205 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903401294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Carotid atheroma endothelial cells (ECs) express TLR4, nevertheless correlations with cerebrovascular symptomatology, epidemiological and clinical variables remain unresolved. METHODS Carotid atherosclerotic plaques were obtained by standard carotid endarterectomy from 157 patients with carotid artery disease (84 asymptomatic - Group A, 73 symptomatic - Group B). TLR4 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and TLR4 positivity, overexpression and intensity of immunostaining in ECs were correlated with cerebrovascular symptomatology, epidemiological and clinical variables. RESULTS A significant association was found between TLR4 positivity in ECs and the occurrence of any cerebrovascular event (overall response (OR): 2.85, 95% CI 1.33 - 6.11, p = 0.009). TLR4 overexpression and staining intensity in ECs were both significantly enhanced in symptomatic patients (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.003, respectively). These associations were stronger for the occurrence of a major cerebrovascular accident (CVA) compared with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or amaurosis fugax. TLR4 expression in ECs was less prominent in statin users (OR: 0.25, 95%CI 0.1 - 0.58, p = 0.001], while it was enhanced in restenotic plaques compared with primary atherosclerotic lesions (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS TLR4 expression in ECs of carotid atheroma was enhanced in symptomatic patients with most commonly 'unstable' - 'more prone to rupture' carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Katsargyris
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, LAIKON Hospital, Vascular Division, 1st Department of Surgery, Goudi, GR11527, Athens, Greece
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Madrigal-Matute J, López-Franco O, Blanco-Colio LM, Muñoz-García B, Ramos-Mozo P, Ortega L, Egido J, Martín-Ventura JL. Heat shock protein 90 inhibitors attenuate inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 86:330-7. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Muñoz-García B, Moreno JA, López-Franco O, Sanz AB, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco J, Jakubowski A, Burkly LC, Ortiz A, Egido J, Blanco-Colio LM. Tumor Necrosis Factor–Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) Enhances Vascular and Renal Damage Induced by Hyperlipidemic Diet in ApoE-Knockout Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:2061-8. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.194852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Tumor necrosis factor–like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily of cytokines. TWEAK binds and activates the Fn14 receptor, and may regulate apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis, in different pathological conditions. We have evaluated the effect of exogenous TWEAK administration as well as the role of endogenous TWEAK on proinflammatory cytokine expression and vascular and renal injury severity in hyperlipidemic ApoE-knockout mice.
Methods and Results—
ApoE
−/−
mice were fed with hyperlipidemic diet for 4 to 10 weeks, then randomized and treated with saline (controls), TWEAK (10 μg/kg/d), anti-TWEAK neutralizing mAb (1000 μg/kg/d), TWEAK plus anti-TWEAK antibody (10 μg TWEAK +1000 μg anti-TWEAK/kg/d), or nonspecific IgG (1000 μg/kg/d) daily for 9 days. In ApoE
−/−
mice, exogenous TWEAK administration in ApoE
−/−
mice induced activation of NF-κB, a key transcription factor implicated in the regulation of the inflammatory response, in vascular and renal lesions. Furthermore, TWEAK treatment increased chemokine expression (RANTES and MCP-1), as well as macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques and renal lesions. These effects were associated with exacerbation of vascular and renal damage. Conversely, treatment of ApoE
−/−
mice with an anti-TWEAK blocking mAb decreased NF-κB activation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, macrophage infiltration, and vascular and renal injury severity, indicating a pathological role for endogenous TWEAK. Finally, in murine vascular smooth muscle cells or tubular cells, either ox-LDL or TWEAK treatment increased expression and secretion of both RANTES and MCP-1. Furthermore, ox-LDL and TWEAK synergized for induction of MCP-1 and RANTES expression and secretion.
Conclusion—
Our results suggest that TWEAK exacerbates the inflammatory response associated with a high lipid–rich diet. TWEAK may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent vascular and renal damage associated with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Muñoz-García
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Oscar López-Franco
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Ana Belén Sanz
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Julia Blanco
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Aniela Jakubowski
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Linda C. Burkly
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Jesús Egido
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- From the Renal and Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (B.M.-G., J.A.M., O.L.-F., A.B.S., J.L.M.-V., A.O., J.E., L.M.B.-C.), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain; Hospital Clínico (J.B.), Madrid, Spain; and Biogen Idec (A.J., L.C.B.), Cambridge, Mass
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Wang YF, Yang XF, Cheng B, Mei CL, Li QX, Xiao H, Zeng QT, Liao YH, Liu K. Protective effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 in THP-1 derived foam cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Phytother Res 2009; 24:393-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Tan NY, Li JM, Stocker R, Khachigian LM. Angiotensin II-inducible smooth muscle cell apoptosis involves the angiotensin II type 2 receptor, GATA-6 activation, and FasL-Fas engagement. Circ Res 2009; 105:422-30. [PMID: 19628789 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.203323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis within the vulnerable plaque may lead to plaque instability and rupture, events that underlie myocardial infarction and stroke. OBJECTIVE The molecular mechanisms underlying FasL transcription and FasL-dependent SMC apoptosis were investigated in this study in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrate that GATA-6, the predominant GATA family member expressed in SMCs, stimulates SMC apoptosis in an extracellular FasL-dependent manner. Both GATA-6 and FasL were inducibly and transiently expressed following balloon injury to rat carotid arteries. We identified two potential GATA binding in the FasL promoter and demonstrated using DNA binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that GATA-6 regulates FasL through one ((-298)TTATCA(-303)) but not both these elements. Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulated expression of both GATA-6 and FasL. Ang II increased SMC apoptosis in an Ang II type 2 receptor-, caspase 8-, and FasL-dependent fashion. GATA-6 activation was MEK-ERK1/2- and JNK-dependent, and GATA-6 small interfering RNA blocked Ang II-inducible FasL expression and SMC apoptosis. Administration of Ang II to rats increased FasL expression and apoptosis in carotid artery SMCs in an Ang II type 2 receptor- and GATA-6-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights into the transcriptional events underpinning FasL-dependent SMC apoptosis after exposure to Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Y Tan
- Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia
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Largo R, Martínez-Calatrava MJ, Sánchez-Pernaute O, Marcos ME, Moreno-Rubio J, Aparicio C, Egido J, Herrero-Beaumont G. Effect of a high dose of glucosamine on systemic and tissue inflammation in an experimental model of atherosclerosis aggravated by chronic arthritis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 297:H268-76. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00142.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucosamine sulfate (GS) is a glycosaminoglycan with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties. Here we set out to explore the effect of GS administration on markers of systemic and local inflammation in rabbits with atherosclerosis aggravated by chronic arthritis. Atherosclerosis was induced in rabbits by maintaining them on a hyperlipidemic diet after producing an endothelial lesion in the femoral arteries. Simultaneously, chronic arthritis was induced in these animals by repeated intra-articular injections of ovalbumin in previously immunized rabbits. A group of these rabbits was treated prophylactically with oral GS (500 mg·kg−1·day−1), and, when the animals were killed, serum was extracted and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated. Furthermore, the femoral arteries, thoracic aorta, and synovial membranes were examined in gene expression studies and histologically. GS administration reduced circulating levels of the C-reactive protein and of interleukin-6. GS also lowered nuclear factor-κB activation in PBMC, and it downregulated the expression of both the CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein) and cyclooxygenase-2 genes in these cells. Lesions at the femoral wall were milder after GS treatment, as reflected by the intimal-to-media thickened ratio and the absence of aortic lesions. Indeed, GS also attenuated the histological lesions in synovial tissue. In a combined rabbit model of chronic arthritis and atherosclerosis, orally administered GS reduced the markers of inflammation in peripheral blood, as well as the femoral and synovial membrane lesions. GS also prevented the development of inflammation-associated aortic lesions. These results suggest an atheroprotective effect of GS.
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Martin-Ventura JL, Madrigal-Matute J, Munoz-Garcia B, Blanco-Colio LM, Van Oostrom M, Zalba G, Fortuno A, Gomez-Guerrero C, Ortega L, Ortiz A, Diez J, Egido J. Increased CD74 expression in human atherosclerotic plaques: contribution to inflammatory responses in vascular cells. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:586-94. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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43
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Moreno JA, Muñoz-García B, Martín-Ventura JL, Madrigal-Matute J, Orbe J, Páramo JA, Ortega L, Egido J, Blanco-Colio LM. The CD163-expressing macrophages recognize and internalize TWEAK: potential consequences in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:103-10. [PMID: 19473660 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD163 is a new potential scavenger receptor of Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) which elicits diverse biologic actions involved in atherosclerosis. We have analyzed the importance of TWEAK-CD163 interaction in atherosclerosis. METHODS TWEAK and CD163 interaction was studied in cultured human macrophages. Moreover, TWEAK and CD163 expression was analyzed in carotid atherosclerotic plaques (immunohistochemistry) and plasma (ELISA). We have also assessed their potential association with intima/media thickness (IMT) in asymptomatic subjects. RESULTS In vitro studies revealed that CD163-expressing macrophages can bind and internalize TWEAK protein exogenously added from supernatants. Accordingly, we observed an inverse correlation between the expression of CD163 and TWEAK (r=-0.51; p=0.008) in the shoulder region of atherosclerotic plaques obtained from 25 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. The same trend was observed when we analyzed the plasma concentration of both proteins in 90 subjects free from clinical cardiovascular disease (r=-0.25; p=0.016) in which carotid ultrasonography was performed to determine IMT. In these subjects, we found a positive correlation between sCD163 and IMT (r=0.36; p<0.001) and between sCD163-sTWEAK ratio and IMT (r=0.51; p<0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and inflammatory markers explaining 39% (sCD163) or 48% (sCD163-sTWEAK ratio) of IMT variance. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that TWEAK-CD163 interaction takes place in vivo, probably decreasing TWEAK plasma concentration. Furthermore, we have observed that CD163-TWEAK plasma ratio is a potential biomarker of clinical and subclinical atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biological Transport
- Biomarkers/blood
- Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Artery Diseases/immunology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery
- Cell Line
- Cytokine TWEAK
- Endarterectomy, Carotid
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/blood
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factors/metabolism
- Ultrasonography
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Moreno
- Vascular Research Lab, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonoma University, Avda Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Matulevicius S, Rohatgi A, Khera A, Das SR, Owens A, Ayers CR, Timaran CH, Rosero EB, Drazner MH, Peshock RM, de Lemos JA. The association between plasma caspase-3, atherosclerosis, and vascular function in the Dallas Heart Study. Apoptosis 2008; 13:1281-9. [PMID: 18763039 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-008-0254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caspase-3, an apoptosis protease, is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. We examined the relationship between plasma caspase-3 levels, aortic compliance, and atherosclerosis. METHODS Caspase-3 was measured in 3,221 subjects from the Dallas Heart Study. Electron beam computed tomography measures of coronary calcium (CAC) (n = 2,404) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of abdominal aortic wall thickness (AWT) (n = 2,208) and aortic compliance (AC) (n = 2,328) were obtained. Multivariate analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiac medications. RESULTS In univariable analysis, caspase-3 associated with CAC (P < 0.0001), AWT (P = 0.002), and AC (P < 0.0001). After multivariable adjustment, 4th quartile caspase-3 (compared to 1st quartile) was significantly associated with CAC (P = 0.004), AWT (P = 0.02), and AC (P < 0.0001) with similar findings for caspase-3 as a continuous variable. CONCLUSIONS Caspase-3 independently associates with CAC, AWT, and AC, suggesting a link between apoptosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Matulevicius
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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Sanchez-Galan E, Gomez-Hernandez A, Vidal C, Martin-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Munoz-Garcia B, Ortega L, Egido J, Tunon J. Leukotriene B4 enhances the activity of nuclear factor- B pathway through BLT1 and BLT2 receptors in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:216-25. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Gómez-Hernández A, Sánchez-Galán E, Ortego M, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Tarín-Vicente N, Jiménez-Nacher JJ, López-Bescos L, Egido J, Tuñón J. Effect of intensive atorvastatin therapy on prostaglandin E2 levels and metalloproteinase-9 activity in the plasma of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:12-8. [PMID: 18572029 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS). Intensive statin therapy reduces the recurrence of cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. The aim of this study was to examine nuclear factor-kappa B activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4 levels, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in plasma from patients with NSTEACS (at 0 days, 4 days, 2 months, and 6 months), patients with stable coronary artery disease, and healthy controls. On day 4, patients with NSTEACS were randomized to receive atorvastatin 80 mg/day (n = 14) or standard treatment (n = 16) during 2 months to study its effect on these parameters. Nuclear factor-kappa B activity (by electrophoretic mobility shift assay), PGE2 levels (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and MMP-9 activity (by gelatin zymography) in the plasma of patients with NSTEACS were significantly increased compared with patients with coronary artery disease and healthy controls. At 6 months, MMP-9 activity was normalized, whereas nuclear factor-kappa B activity and PGE2 levels were still increased. Leukotriene B4 plasma levels (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were similar in patients with NSTEACS and those with coronary artery disease but were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. There was a significant correlation between plasma PGE2 levels and MMP-9 activity in patients with NSTEACS (r = 0.754, p <0.01). Atorvastatin 80 mg/day reduced circulating PGE2 levels (median 222.4 [interquartile range 157.4 to 253.5] vs 550.8 [276.9 to 613.0] pg/ml, p = 0.006) and MMP-9 activity (0.0025 [0.0017 to 0.0035] vs 0.0280 [0.0057 to 0.0712] arbitrary units, p = 0.03). In conclusion, nuclear factor-kappa B activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and plasma PGE2 levels and MMP-9 activity, increase during NSTEACS. Atorvastatin 80 mg/day normalizes PGE2 levels and MMP-9 activity, providing additional mechanisms by which intensive atorvastatin therapy may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.
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Toi S, Shibata N, Sawada T, Kobayashi M, Uchiyama S. Activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase cSrc in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques of human carotid arteries. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2007; 40:153-61. [PMID: 18224247 PMCID: PMC2156080 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.07026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the involvement of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase cSrc in plaque destabilization in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS), which is responsible for cerebral infarction, we performed quantitative and morphological detection of phosphorylated active cSrc (p-cSrc) and histopathological examination in CAS lesions. We examined carotid endarterectomy specimens obtained from 32 CAS patients. Each specimen was used for immunoblot and immunohistochemical analyses of p-cSrc, histopathological analysis, and image analysis of macrophage content. There was a strong positive correlation between cSrc activation on blots and macrophage content on sections. When we defined the macrophage-rich plaque (MRP) and the macrophage-poor plaque (MPP) as having macrophage content more and less than 5%, respectively, the p-cSrc density and the occurrence of plaque hemorrhage and thrombus formation were significantly increased in the MRP group (n=18) compared to the MPP group (n=14). p-cSrc immunoreactivity was localized in lesional endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells, which contained proinflammatory substances: the upstream oxidized low density lipoprotein, tissue factor and osteopontin, and the downstream active forms of extracellular signal-activated kinase and p38 and nuclear factor-kappaB. Our results suggest that cSrc activation in lesional cells contributes to plaque destabilization in CAS via persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sono Toi
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Makio Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8666, Japan
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Chiba T, Kondo Y, Shinozaki S, Kaneko E, Ishigami A, Maruyama N, Umezawa K, Shimokado K. A selective NFkappaB inhibitor, DHMEQ, reduced atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice. J Atheroscler Thromb 2007; 13:308-13. [PMID: 17192695 DOI: 10.5551/jat.13.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process, and anti-inflammatory agents potentially inhibit the development of atherosclerosis. We tested whether a novel NFkappaB inhibitor reduces atherosclerosis. METHODS Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (10 mg/kg) or vehicle (chloromethyl cellulose) was injected intraperitoneally into apoE-deficient mice three times a week for 16 weeks. The entire aorta was excised and atherosclerotic area was determined at 4 and 16 weeks. Serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, TNF-alpha and adiponectin were also measured. RESULTS The atherosclerotic area was significantly smaller in mice treated with dehydroxymethyl-epoxyquinomicin both at 4 and 16 weeks. There was no significant difference in body weight or serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS A new NFkappaB inhibitor, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin, reduced atherosclerosis without affecting plasma lipid levels in apoE-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Chiba
- Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Japan
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Blanco-Colio LM, Muñoz-García B, Martín-Ventura JL, Alvarez-Sala LA, Castilla M, Bustamante A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Gómez-Gerique J, Fernández-Cruz A, Millán J, Egido J. Ethanol beverages containing polyphenols decrease nuclear factor kappa-B activation in mononuclear cells and circulating MCP-1 concentrations in healthy volunteers during a fat-enriched diet. Atherosclerosis 2007; 192:335-41. [PMID: 16970955 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 07/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Different epidemiological studies have demonstrated that some ethanol containing beverages intake could be associated with a reduction of cardiovascular mortality, effect attributed in part to its antioxidant properties. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a redox sensitive transcription factor implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We have examined the effect of four different ethanol containing beverages on the activation of NF-kappaB in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and circulating concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in healthy volunteers receiving a fat-enriched diet. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen volunteers received 16 g/m(2) of ethanol in form of red wine, spirits (vodka, rum, and brandy) or no ethanol intake along with a fat-enriched diet during 5 days and all of them took all alcohols at different periods. NF-kappaB activation (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) and circulating MCP-1 levels (ELISA) were examined in blood samples taken before and after 5 days of ethanol intake. Subjects receiving a fat-enriched diet had increased NF-kappaB activation in PBMC at day 5. Furthermore, MCP-1 levels were increased in plasma at day 5. Red wine intake and some ethanol beverages containing polyphenols (brandy and rum) prevented NF-kappaB activation and decreased MCP-1 release. CONCLUSION Consumption of moderate amounts of alcoholic drinks containing polyphenols decreases NF-kappaB activation in PBMCs and MCP-1 plasma levels during a fat-enriched diet. Our results provide additional evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of some ethanol containing beverages, further supporting the idea that its moderate consumption may help to reduce overall cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, Madrid, Spain
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Tuñón J, Martín-Ventura JL, Blanco-Colio LM, Egido J. Mechanisms of action of statins in stroke. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2007; 11:273-8. [PMID: 17298287 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.11.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Statins decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events and death in patients with coronary artery disease. Moreover, the Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Levels (SPARCL) study has recently demonstrated that high-dose atorvastatin may also reduce the recurrence of stroke in patients with previous stroke or transitory ischemic attack.
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