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Maruyama H, Sakai S, Dewachter L, Dewachter C, Rondelet B, Naeije R, Ieda M. Prostacyclin receptor agonists induce DUSP1 to inhibit pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Life Sci 2023; 315:121372. [PMID: 36608870 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Upregulated p38MAPK signaling is implicated in the accelerated proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PA-SMCs) and the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery remodeling observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Previously, we reported that after endothelin-1 (ET-1) pretreatment, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) activates p38MAPK signaling and accelerates PA-SMC proliferation. The activity of p38MAPK signaling is tightly regulated by the inactivation of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Activated p38MAPK induces DUSP1 expression, forming a negative feedback loop. Prostacyclin IP receptor agonists (prostacyclin and selexipag) are used to treat PAH. In this study, we aimed to verify whether IP receptor agonists affect DUSP1 expression and accelerate the proliferation of PA-SMCs. MAIN METHODS PA-SMCs were treated with BMP2, ET-1, prostacyclin, and MRE-269, an active metabolite of selexipag, either alone or in combination. We quantified mRNA expressions using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Pulmonary artery specimens and PA-SMCs were obtained during lung transplantation in patients with PAH. KEY FINDINGS Both prostacyclin and MRE-269 increased DUSP1 expression. Combined treatment with BMP2 and ET-1 induced cyclin D1 and DUSP1 expression and increased PA-SMC proliferation. MRE-269 attenuated BMP2/ET-1-induced cell proliferation. ET-1 increased DUSP1 expression in PA-SMCs from control patients but not in PA-SMCs from patients with PAH. SIGNIFICANCE This study showed that the p38MAPK/DUSP1 negative feedback loop is impaired in PAH, contributing to unregulated p38MAPK activation and PA-SMC hyperplasia. IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increases DUSP1 expression and inhibit p38MAPK-mediated PA-SMC proliferation. Future elucidation of the detailed mechanism underlying reduced DUSP1 expression would be informative for PAH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Maruyama
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kasumigaura Medical Center, 300-8585 Tsuchiura, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8577 Tsukuba, Japan; Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Satoshi Sakai
- Faculty of Health Science, Tsukuba University of Technology, 305-8520 Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Laurence Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Céline Dewachter
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Erasme Academic Hospital, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Rondelet
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU UCL Namur, 5530 Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Robert Naeije
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Masaki Ieda
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 305-8577 Tsukuba, Japan
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2
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Rokni M, Sadeghi Shaker M, Kavosi H, Shokoofi S, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. The role of endothelin and RAS/ERK signaling in immunopathogenesis-related fibrosis in patients with systemic sclerosis: an updated review with therapeutic implications. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:108. [PMID: 35562771 PMCID: PMC9102675 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02787-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease of connective tissue with high rate of morbidity and mortality highlighted by extreme fibrosis affecting various organs such as the dermis, lungs, and heart. Until now, there is no specific cure for the fibrosis occurred in SSc disease. The SSc pathogenesis is yet unknown, but transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and Ras-ERK1/2 cascade are the main factors contributing to the tissue fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Several studies have hallmarked the association of ET-1 with or without TGF-β and Ras-ERK1/2 signaling in the development of SSc disease, vasculopathy, and fibrosis of the dermis, lungs, and several organs. Accordingly, different clinical and experimental studies have indicated the potential therapeutic role of ET-1 and Ras antagonists in these situations in SSc. In addition, ET-1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) as a cofactor of the TGF-β cascade play a substantial initiative role in inducing fibrosis. Once initiated, TGF-β alone or in combination with ET-1 and CTGF can activate several kinase proteins such as the Ras-ERK1/2 pathway that serve as the fundamental factor for developing fibrosis. Furthermore, Salirasib is a synthetic small molecule that is able to inhibit all Ras forms. Therefore, it can be used as a potent therapeutic factor for fibrotic disorders. So, this review discusses the role of TGF-β/ET-1/Ras signaling and their involvement in SSc pathogenesis, particularly in its fibrotic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Sadeghi Shaker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoda Kavosi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Shokoofi
- Rheumatology Department, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Muise ES, Guan HP, Liu J, Nawrocki AR, Yang X, Wang C, Rodríguez CG, Zhou D, Gorski JN, Kurtz MM, Feng D, Leavitt KJ, Wei L, Wilkening RR, Apgar JM, Xu S, Lu K, Feng W, Li Y, He H, Previs SF, Shen X, van Heek M, Souza SC, Rosenbach MJ, Biftu T, Erion MD, Kelley DE, Kemp DM, Myers RW, Sebhat IK. Pharmacological AMPK activation induces transcriptional responses congruent to exercise in skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissues and liver. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211568. [PMID: 30811418 PMCID: PMC6392219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes metabolic and cardiovascular health benefits that derive in part from the transcriptional responses to exercise that occur within skeletal muscle and other organs. There is interest in discovering a pharmacologic exercise mimetic that could imbue wellness and alleviate disease burden. However, the molecular physiology by which exercise signals the transcriptional response is highly complex, making it challenging to identify a single target for pharmacological mimicry. The current studies evaluated the transcriptome responses in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and white and brown adipose to novel small molecule activators of AMPK (pan-activators for all AMPK isoforms) compared to that of exercise. A striking level of congruence between exercise and pharmacological AMPK activation was observed across the induced transcriptome of these five tissues. However, differences in acute metabolic response between exercise and pharmacologic AMPK activation were observed, notably for acute glycogen balances and related to the energy expenditure induced by exercise but not pharmacologic AMPK activation. Nevertheless, intervention with repeated daily administration of short-acting activation of AMPK was found to mitigate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in four rodent models of metabolic disease and without the cardiac glycogen accretion noted with sustained pharmacologic AMPK activation. These findings affirm that activation of AMPK is a key node governing exercise mediated transcription and is an attractive target as an exercise mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Muise
- Genetics and Pharmacogenomics Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESM); (IKS)
| | - Hong-Ping Guan
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Jinqi Liu
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Andrea R. Nawrocki
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Chuanlin Wang
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Carlos G. Rodríguez
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Dan Zhou
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Gorski
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Marc M. Kurtz
- In Vitro PharmacologyDepartment, MRL, NJ, United States of America
| | - Danqing Feng
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Kenneth J. Leavitt
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Lan Wei
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert R. Wilkening
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - James M. Apgar
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Shiyao Xu
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ku Lu
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Wen Feng
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ying Li
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Huaibing He
- PPDM Preclinical ADME Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Previs
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Xiaolan Shen
- SALAR Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Margaret van Heek
- In Vivo Pharmacology Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Sandra C. Souza
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Rosenbach
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Tesfaye Biftu
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mark D. Erion
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - David E. Kelley
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Kemp
- Biology-Discovery Department, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
| | - Robert W. Myers
- In Vitro PharmacologyDepartment, MRL, NJ, United States of America
| | - Iyassu K. Sebhat
- Medicinal ChemistryDepartment, MRL, Kenilworth, NJ, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ESM); (IKS)
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Simo-Cheyou ER, Vardatsikos G, Srivastava AK. Src tyrosine kinase mediates endothelin-1-induced early growth response protein-1 expression via MAP kinase-dependent pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1879-1886. [PMID: 27748819 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase (NR-PTK) c-Src is an upstream regulator of endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II-induced activation of protein kinase B (PKB) signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have also demonstrated that ET-1 potently induces the expression of the early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1), a zinc finger transcription factor that is overexpressed in models of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. However, the involvement of c-Src in ET-1‑induced Egr-1 expression has not yet been investigated and its role in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the role of c-Src in the ET-1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK, 3 key members of the MAPK family and in the regulation of Egr-1 expression in rat aortic A10 VSMCs. ET-1 rapidly induced the phosphorylation of MAPKs, as well as the expression of Egr-1; however, treatment of the VSMCs with PP2, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of c-Src, dose-dependently reduced the phosphorylation of the 3 MAPKs and the expression of Egr-1 induced by ET-1. Furthermore, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) deficient in c-Src (SYF), the ET-1-induced Egr-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation were significantly suppressed, as compared to MEFs expressing normal Src levels. These results suggest that c-Src plays a critical role in mediating ET-1-induced MAPK phosphorylation and Egr-1 expression in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle R Simo-Cheyou
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Research Center - University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - George Vardatsikos
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Research Center - University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Ashok K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cellular Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Research Center - University of Montreal Hospital Center, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
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Nuche-Berenguer B, Ramos-Álvarez I, Jensen RT. Src kinases play a novel dual role in acute pancreatitis affecting severity but no role in stimulated enzyme secretion. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G1015-27. [PMID: 27033118 PMCID: PMC4935475 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00349.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic acinar cells, the Src family of kinases (SFK) is involved in the activation of several signaling cascades that are implicated in mediating cellular processes (growth, cytoskeletal changes, apoptosis). However, the role of SFKs in various physiological responses such as enzyme secretion or in pathophysiological processes such as acute pancreatitis is either controversial, unknown, or incompletely understood. To address this, in this study, we investigated the role/mechanisms of SFKs in acute pancreatitis and enzyme release. Enzyme secretion was studied in rat dispersed pancreatic acini, in vitro acute-pancreatitis-like changes induced by supramaximal COOH-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK). SFK involvement assessed using the chemical SFK inhibitor (PP2) with its inactive control, 4-amino-7-phenylpyrazol[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP3), under experimental conditions, markedly inhibiting SFK activation. In CCK-stimulated pancreatic acinar cells, activation occurred of trypsinogen, various MAP kinases (p42/44, JNK), transcription factors (signal transducer and activator of transcription-3, nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1), caspases (3, 8, and 9) inducing apoptosis, LDH release reflective of necrosis, and various chemokines secreted (monocyte chemotactic protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted). All were inhibited by PP2, not by PP3, except caspase activation leading to apoptosis, which was increased, and trypsin activation, which was unaffected, as was CCK-induced amylase release. These results demonstrate SFK activation is playing a dual role in acute pancreatitis, inhibiting apoptosis and promoting necrosis as well as chemokine/cytokine release inducing inflammation, leading to more severe disease, as well as not affecting secretion. Thus, our studies indicate that SFK is a key mediator of inflammation and pancreatic acinar cell death in acute pancreatitis, suggesting it could be a potential therapeutic target in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Irene Ramos-Álvarez
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. T. Jensen
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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6
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Saad NS, Floyd K, Ahmed AAE, Mohler PJ, Janssen PML, Elnakish MT. The Effect of Sorafenib, Tadalafil and Macitentan Treatments on Thyroxin-Induced Hemodynamic Changes and Cardiac Abnormalities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153694. [PMID: 27082116 PMCID: PMC4833287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multikinase inhibitors (e.g. Sorafenib), phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (e.g. Tadalafil), and endothelin-1 receptor blockers (e.g. Macitentan) exert influential protection in a variety of animal models of cardiomyopathy; however, their effects on thyroxin-induced cardiomyopathy have never been investigated. The goal of the present study was to assess the functional impact of these drugs on thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes, cardiac hypertrophy and associated altered responses of the contractile myocardium both in-vivo at the whole heart level and ex-vivo at the cardiac tissue level. Control and thyroxin (500 μg/kg/day)-treated mice with or without 2-week treatments of sorafenib (10 mg/kg/day; I.P), tadalafil (1 mg/kg/day; I.P or 4 mg/kg/day; oral), macitentan (30 and 100 mg/kg/day; oral), and their vehicles were studied. Blood pressure, echocardiography and electrocardiogram were non-invasively evaluated, followed by ex-vivo assessments of isolated multicellular cardiac preparations. Thyroxin increased blood pressure, resulted in cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dysfunction in-vivo. Also, it caused contractile abnormalities in right ventricular papillary muscles ex-vivo. None of the drug treatments were able to significantly attenuate theses hemodynamic changes or cardiac abnormalities in thyroxin-treated mice. We show here for the first time that multikinase (raf1/b, VEGFR, PDGFR), phosphodiesterase-5, and endothelin-1 pathways have no major role in thyroxin-induced hemodynamic changes and cardiac abnormalities. In particular, our data show that the involvement of endothelin-1 pathway in thyroxine-induced cardiac hypertrophy/dysfunction seems to be model-dependent and should be carefully interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy S. Saad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kyle Floyd
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Amany A. E. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Peter J. Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paul M. L. Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mohammad T. Elnakish
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
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7
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Cheng W, Zhu Y, Wang H. The MAPK pathway is involved in the regulation of rapid pacing-induced ionic channel remodeling in rat atrial myocytes. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2677-82. [PMID: 26847818 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations to the expression L‑type calcium channels (LTCCs) and Kv4.3 potassium channels form the possible basis of atrial electrical remodeling during rapid pacing. The mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is affected by increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+, and therefore represents an attractive candidate for the regulation and mediation of Ca2+‑induced ion channel remodeling. The present study aimed to investigate alterations to the ion channel‑MAPK axis, and to determine its influence on ion channel remodeling during atrial fibrillation. Rat atrial myocytes were isolated, cultured, and in vitro rapid pacing was established. Intracellular Ca2+ signals were monitored using the Fluo‑3/AM Ca2+ indicator. Verapamil, PD98058 and SB203580 were added to the culture medium of various groups at specific time‑points. The mRNA expression levels of LTCC‑α1c and Kv4.3 potassium channels were detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression levels of channel and signaling proteins. The results demonstrated that fast pacing significantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in atrial myocytes, whereas treatment with verapamil markedly inhibited this increase. In addition, verapamil significantly antagonized the rapid pacing‑induced activation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and p38MAPK. These results indicated that the MAPK pathway may have an important role in the opening of LTCCs, and alterations to MAPK molecule expression could affect the expression and remodeling of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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8
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Nuche-Berenguer B, Moreno P, Jensen RT. Elucidation of the roles of the Src kinases in pancreatic acinar cell signaling. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:22-36. [PMID: 25079913 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies report the Src-family kinases (SFK's) are important in a number of physiological and pathophysiological responses of pancreatic acinar cells (pancreatitis, growth, apoptosis); however, the role of SFKs in various signaling cascades important in mediating these cell functions is either not investigated or unclear. To address this we investigated the action of SFKs in these signaling cascades in rat pancreatic acini by modulating SFK activity using three methods: adenovirus-induced expression of an inactive dominant-negative CSK (Dn-CSK-Advirus) or wild-type CSK (Wt-CSK-Advirus), which activate or inhibit SFK, respectively, or using the chemical inhibitor, PP2, with its inactive control, PP3. CCK (0.3, 100 nM) and TPA (1 μM) activated SFK and altered the activation of FAK proteins (PYK2, p125(FAK)), adaptor proteins (p130(CAS), paxillin), MAPK (p42/44, JNK, p38), Shc, PKC (PKD, MARCKS), Akt but not GSK3-β. Changes in SFK activity by using the three methods of altering SFK activity affected CCK/TPAs activation of SFK, PYK2, p125(FAK), p130(CAS), Shc, paxillin, Akt but not p42/44, JNK, p38, PKC (PKD, MARCKS) or GSK3-β. With chemical inhibition the active SFK inhibitor, PP2, but not the inactive control analogue, PP3, showed these effects. For all stimulated changes pre-incubation with both adenoviruses showed similar effects to chemical inhibition of SFK activity. In conclusion, using three different approaches to altering Src activity allowed us to define fully for the first time the roles of SFKs in acinar cell signaling. Our results show that in pancreatic acinar cells, SFKs play a much wider role than previously reported in activating a number of important cellular signaling cascades shown to be important in mediating both acinar cell physiological and pathophysiological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Nuche-Berenguer
- Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1804
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9
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Endothelin-Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor interaction induces pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015; 34:468-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Xu XL, Huang YJ, Ling DY, Zhang W. Inhibitory effects of 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside on angiotensin II-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Chin J Integr Med 2014; 21:204-10. [PMID: 25078359 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-014-1821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of 2,3,4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component extracted from the root of Polygonum multiflorum, on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to identify the potential mechanism. METHODS Cell proliferation and cell cycle were determined by cell counting, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression and flow cytometry. Levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogenic extracellular kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2) and Src in VSMCs were measured by Western blot. The expression of c-fos, c-jun and c-myc mRNA were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by fluorescence assay. RESULTS TSG significantly inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation and arrested cells in the G /S checkpoint (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSG decreased the levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, MEK1/2 and Src in VSMCs (P<0.05 or P<0.01). TSG also suppressed c-fos, c-jun and c-myc mRNA expression <0.05 or P<0.01). In addition, the intracellular ROS was reduced by TSG (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS TSG inhibited Ang II-induced VSMCs proliferation. Its antiproliferative effect might be associated with down-regulation of intracellular ROS, followed by the suppression of the Src-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signal pathway, and hence, blocking cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-le Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Pharmacy College, Nantong, 226001, China
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Van Hung T, Emoto N, Vignon-Zellweger N, Nakayama K, Yagi K, Suzuki Y, Hirata KI. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor under hypoxia causes severe, human-like pulmonary arterial hypertension in mice: potential roles of interleukin-6 and endothelin. Life Sci 2014; 118:313-28. [PMID: 24412382 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is an incurable disease whose exact mechanisms remain unknown. However, growing evidence highlights the role of inflammation and endothelin (ET) signaling. The lack of reliable models makes it difficult to investigate the pathophysiology of this disease. Our aim was therefore to develop a mouse model of severe PAH closely mimicking the human condition to explore the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and ET signaling in advanced PAH progression. MAIN METHODS Young male SV129 mice received vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitor (SU5416) three times a week and were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for three weeks. Molecular analysis and histological assessment were examined using real-time PCR, Western blot and immunostaining, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The developed murine model presented important characteristics of severe PAH in human: concentric neointimal wall thickening, plexogenic lesions, recruitment of macrophages, and distal arteriolar wall muscularization. We detected an increase of IL-6 production and a stronger macrophage recruitment in adventitia of remodeled arterioles developing plexogenic lesions. Moreover, ET-1 and ET receptor A were up-regulated in lung lysates and media of remodeled arterioles. Recombinant IL-6 stimulated the proliferation and regulated endothelial cells in increasing ET-1 and decreasing ET receptor B. SIGNIFICANCE These data describe a murine model, which displays the most important features of human severe PAH. We assume that inflammation, particularly IL-6 regulating ET signaling, plays a crucial role in forming plexogenic lesions. This model is thus reliable and might be used for a better understanding of severe PAH progression and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Hung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicie, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicie, Kobe, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
| | | | - Kazuhiko Nakayama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicie, Kobe, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiko Yagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicie, Kobe, Japan
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McCarthy CG, Goulopoulou S, Wenceslau CF, Spitler K, Matsumoto T, Webb RC. Toll-like receptors and damage-associated molecular patterns: novel links between inflammation and hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 306:H184-96. [PMID: 24163075 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00328.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade systemic inflammation is a common manifestation of hypertension; however, the exact mechanisms that initiate this pathophysiological response, thereby contributing to further increases in blood pressure, are not well understood. Aberrant vascular inflammation and reactivity via activation of the innate immune system may be the first step in the pathogenesis of hypertension. One of the functions of the innate immune system is to recognize and respond to danger. Danger signals can arise from not only pathogenic stimuli but also endogenous molecules released following cell injury and/or death [damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)]. In the short-term, activation of the innate immune system is beneficial in the vasculature by providing cytoprotective mechanisms and facilitating tissue repair following injury or infection. However, sustained or excessive immune system activation, such as in autoimmune diseases, may be deleterious and can lead to maladaptive, irreversible changes to vascular structure and function. An initial source of DAMPs that enter the circulation to activate the innate immune system could arise from modest elevations in peripheral vascular resistance. These stimuli could subsequently lead to ischemic- or pressure-induced events aggravating further cell injury and/or death, providing more DAMPs for innate immune system activation. This review will address and critically evaluate the current literature on the role of the innate immune system in hypertension pathogenesis. The role of Toll-like receptor activation on somatic cells of the vasculature in response to the release of DAMPs and the consequences of this activation on inflammation, vasoreactivity, and vascular remodeling will be specifically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia; and
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Miller ML, Molinelli EJ, Nair JS, Sheikh T, Samy R, Jing X, He Q, Korkut A, Crago AM, Singer S, Schwartz GK, Sander C. Drug synergy screen and network modeling in dedifferentiated liposarcoma identifies CDK4 and IGF1R as synergistic drug targets. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra85. [PMID: 24065146 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is a rare but aggressive cancer with high recurrence and low response rates to targeted therapies. Increasing treatment efficacy may require combinations of targeted agents that counteract the effects of multiple abnormalities. To identify a possible multicomponent therapy, we performed a combinatorial drug screen in a DDLS-derived cell line and identified cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) as synergistic drug targets. We measured the phosphorylation of multiple proteins and cell viability in response to systematic drug combinations and derived computational models of the signaling network. These models predict that the observed synergy in reducing cell viability with CDK4 and IGF1R inhibitors depends on the activity of the AKT pathway. Experiments confirmed that combined inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R cooperatively suppresses the activation of proteins within the AKT pathway. Consistent with these findings, synergistic reductions in cell viability were also found when combining CDK4 inhibition with inhibition of either AKT or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), another receptor similar to IGF1R that activates AKT. Thus, network models derived from context-specific proteomic measurements of systematically perturbed cancer cells may reveal cancer-specific signaling mechanisms and aid in the design of effective combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Miller
- 1Computational Biology Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Lambers C, Roth M, Zhong J, Campregher C, Binder P, Burian B, Petkov V, Block LH. The interaction of endothelin-1 and TGF-β1 mediates vascular cell remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73399. [PMID: 24015303 PMCID: PMC3756002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by increased thickness of pulmonary vessel walls due to both increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) and deposition of extracellular matrix. In patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension, endothelin-1 (ET-1) synthesis is up-regulated and may increase PASMC activity and vessel wall remodeling through transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor. OBJECTIVE To assess the signaling pathway leading to ET-1 induced proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition by human PASMC. METHODS PASMC were serum starved for 24 hours before stimulation with either ET-1 and/or TGF-β1. ET-1 was inhibited by Bosentan, ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) was inhibited by U0126 and p38 MAPK was inhibited by SB203580. RESULTS ET-1 increased PASMC proliferation when combined with serum. This effect involved the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2 MAPK and was abrogated by Bosentan which caused a G1- arrest through activation of p27((Kip)). Regarding the contribution of extracellular matrix deposition in vessel wall remodeling, TGF-β1 increased the deposition of collagen type-I and fibronectin, which was further increased when ET-1 was added mainly through ERK1/2 MAPK. In contrast, collagen type-IV was not affected by ET-1. Bosentan dose-dependently reduced the stimulatory effect of ET-1 on collagen type-I and fibronectin, but had no effect on TGF-β1. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ET-1 alone does not induce PASMC proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. However, ET-1 significantly up-regulates serum induced proliferation and TGF-β1 induced extracellular matrix deposition, specifically of collagen type-I and fibronectin. The synergistic effects of ET-1 on serum and TGF-β1 involve ERK1/2 MAPK and may thus present a novel mode of action in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lambers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Roth
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumologie, Department Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University Basel/University Hospital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhong
- Pulmonary Cell Research/Pneumologie, Department Biomedicine/Internal Medicine, University Basel/University Hospital, Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Campregher
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine , Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Binder
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Burian
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ventzislav Petkov
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lutz-Henning Block
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Li L, Liu D, Bu D, Chen S, Wu J, Tang C, Du J, Jin H. Brg1-dependent epigenetic control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by hydrogen sulfide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:1347-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wynne BM, Chiao CW, Webb RC. Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Signaling Mechanisms for Contraction to Angiotensin II and Endothelin-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 3:84-95. [PMID: 20161229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Vasoactive peptides, such as endothelin-1 and angiotensin II are recognized by specific receptor proteins located in the cell membrane of target cells. Following receptor recognition, the specificity of the cellular response is achieved by G-protein coupling of ligand binding to the regulation of intracellular effectors. These intracellular effectors will be the subject of this brief review on contractile activity initiated by endothelin-1 and angiotensin II.Activation of receptors by endothelin-1 and angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells results in phopholipase C (PLC) activation leading to the generation of the second messengers insitol trisphosphate (IP(3)) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP(3) stimulates intracellular Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and DAG causes protein kinase C (PKC) activation. Additionally, different Ca(2+) entry channels, such as voltage-operated (VOC), receptor-operated (ROC), and store-operated (SOC) Ca(2+) channels, as well as Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channels (NSCC), are involved in the elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. The elevation in intracellular Ca(2+) is transient and initiates contractile activity by a Ca(2+)-calmodulin interaction, stimulating myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. When the Ca(2+) concentration begins to decline, Ca(2+)-sensitization of the contractile proteins is signaled by the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway to inhibit the dephosphorylation of MLC phosphatase (MLCP) thereby maintaining force generation. Removal of Ca(2+) from the cytosol and stimulation of MLCP initiates the process of smooth muscle relaxation. In pathological conditions such as hypertension, alterations in these cellular signaling components can lead to an over stimulated state causing maintained vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation.
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Nemoto S, Taguchi K, Matsumoto T, Kamata K, Kobayashi T. Pravastatin normalizes ET-1-induced contraction in the aorta of type 2 diabetic OLETF rats by suppressing the KSR1/ERK complex. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H893-902. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01128.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is a likely candidate for a key role in diabetic vascular complications. In the present study, we hypothesized that treatment with pravastatin (an inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase) would normalize the ET-1-induced contraction in aortas isolated from type 2 diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats. Contractile responses were examined by measuring isometric force in endothelium-denuded aortic helical strips from four groups: Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO; genetic control), OLETF (type 2 diabetic), pravastatin-treated LETO, and pravastatin-treated OLETF rats. Both immunoblot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays were used to examine Src, protein phosphatase (PP)2A, kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR)1, and ERK signaling pathway protein levels and activities. In endothelium-denuded aortas isolated from OLETF rats at the chronic stage of diabetes (56–60 wk) (vs. those from age-matched LETO rats), we found the following: 1) ET-1-induced contraction was enhanced, 2) ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased, 3) phosphorylations of KSR1 and PP2A were reduced (i.e., enhancement of the kinase active state), 4) ERK1/2-KSR1 complexes were increased, and 5) Src tyrosine kinase activity was diminished. Endothelium-denuded aortas isolated from OLETF rats treated with pravastatin (10 mg/kg po, daily for 4 wk) exhibited normalized ET-1-induced contractions and suppressed ET-1-stimulated ERK phosphorylation, with the associated phosphorylated KSR1 and phosphorylated PP2A levels being increased toward normal levels. These results suggest that in type 2 diabetic rats, pravastatin normalizes ET-1-induced contraction in aortic smooth muscle via a suppression of PP2A/KSR1/ERK activities after an enhancement of Src kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nemoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuo Kamata
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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Shengjie Tongyu Granule Inhibits Vascular Remodeling in ApoE-Gene-Knockout Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:897875. [PMID: 22811752 PMCID: PMC3395271 DOI: 10.1155/2012/897875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effect of Shengjie Tongyu granule on vascular remodeling in atherosclerotic mice and the relevant underlying mechanism. Sixty male ApoE-gene-knockout mice, fed a high-fat diet from 6 weeks of age, were randomized into a Shengjie Tongyu granule group (4.00 g/kg/d), a simvastatin group (9.01 mg/kg/d), and a control group (normal saline: 0.2 mL/d). At the ages of 30 and 40 weeks, we sacrificed the mice for various measurements. The results show that treatment with Shengjie Tongyu granule and simvastatin significantly decreased lumen and plaque areas in the aortic root at 30 and 40 weeks of age, decreased grade II elastic fiber lesions in the ascending aorta at 30 weeks of age, and decreased both grade II and III lesions at 40 weeks of age, compared to controls. The content of superoxide anions, and expression of MOMA-2, plasma ICAM-1, and NFκB p50 in 30- and 40-week-old mice in the Shengjie Tongyu granule and simvastatin groups were also significantly reduced compared to the control group. In conclusion, Shengjie Tongyu granule has a clear inhibitory effect on vascular remodeling and on inflammatory pathways in ApoE-gene-knockout mice.
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Paravicini TM, Montezano AC, Yusuf H, Touyz RM. Activation of vascular p38MAPK by mechanical stretch is independent of c-Src and NADPH oxidase: influence of hypertension and angiotensin II. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 6:169-78. [PMID: 22341198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about vascular MAPK regulation in response to mechanical strain. Whether mechanically-sensitive pathways are altered in hypertension is unclear. We examined effects of stretch and Ang II on activation of p38MAPK in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from WKY and SHR. The role of c-Src and redox-sensitive pathways in stretch-induced effects were examined. VSMC from mesenteric arteries were plated onto flexible silastic plates and exposed to acute or chronic cyclic stretch (10%, 1 Hz) with or without Ang II (0.1 uM). Acute stretch stimulated p38MAPK activation in WKY and SHR, independently of c-Src and reactive oxygen species (ROS), since PP2 (c-Src inhibitor) and apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), failed to alter stretch-mediated p38MAPK. Chronic stretch blunted p38MAPK phosphorylation in WKY and increased phosphorylation in SHR. Stretch, in the presence of Ang II, induced an increase in procollagen-1 expression. This was blocked by SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor). Accordingly, vascular p38MAPK is a mechano-sensitive MAPK, differentially regulated by acute and chronic stretch in WKY and SHR. Functionally, stretch and Ang II, amplify profibrotic responses in a p38MAPK-dependent manner, responses that are perturbed in SHR. Such molecular process may influence vascular fibrosis in hypertension and appear to be independent of c-Src and ROS.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Activation
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/pathology
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Mechanical
- Vascular Resistance/physiology
- Vasoconstriction/physiology
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M Paravicini
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Bhattacharjee A, Pal S, Feldman GM, Cathcart MK. Hck is a key regulator of gene expression in alternatively activated human monocytes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36709-23. [PMID: 21878628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.291492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is a Th2 cytokine that promotes alternative activation (M2 polarization) in primary human monocytes. Our studies have characterized the functional IL-13 receptor complex and the downstream signaling events in response to IL-13 stimulation in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. In this report, we present evidence that IL-13 induces the activation of a Src family tyrosine kinase, which is required for IL-13 induction of M2 gene expression, including 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). Our data show that Src kinase activity regulates IL-13-induced p38 MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation via the upstream kinases MKK3 or MKK6. Our findings also reveal that the IL-13 receptor-associated tyrosine kinase Jak2 is required for the activation of both Src kinase as well as p38 MAPK. Further, we found that Src tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of p38 MAPK is required for Stat1 and Stat3 serine 727 phosphorylation in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. Additional studies identify Hck as the specific Src family member, stimulated by IL-13 and involved in regulating both p38 MAPK activation and p38 MAPK-mediated 15-LO expression. Finally we show that the Hck regulates the expression of other alternative state (M2)-specific genes (Mannose receptor, MAO-A, and CD36) and therefore conclude that Hck acts as a key regulator controlling gene expression in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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Red wine polyphenols prevent endothelial dysfunction induced by endothelin-1 in rat aorta: role of NADPH oxidase. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011; 120:321-33. [PMID: 20977430 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RWPs (red wine polyphenols) exert antihypertensive effects and improve endothelial function by reducing the plasma levels of ET-1 (endothelin-1) and the subsequent vascular production of O(2)(•-) (superoxide anion). Our present study was designed to evaluate whether RWPs act directly in the vascular wall improving endothelial dysfunction and O(2)(•-) production induced by ET-1 and to analyse the compounds responsible for these protective effects. We incubated rat isolated aortic rings in the presence or absence of ET-1 (10 nM) and RWPs (10(-4) to 10(-2) g/l) or catechin (0.2 μM), epicatechin (10 μM) and resveratrol (0.1 μM). ET-1 reduced the relaxant responses to acetylcholine, increased intracellular O(2)(•-) production, NADPH oxidase activity and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. All these changes were prevented by RWPs. The preventive effects of RWPs were unaffected by co-incubation with either ICI-182780, an ER (oestrogen receptor) antagonist, or GW9662, a PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) antagonist. RWPs inhibited the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2), a key regulator of p47phox expression in response to ET-1. When the isolated polyphenols were tested, at the concentrations found in 10(-2) g/l RWPs, only epicatechin prevented endothelial dysfunction and all biochemical changes induced by ET-1 in the vascular wall. Taken together, these results indicate that RWPs prevent ET-1-induced vascular O(2)(•-) production by reducing overexpression of p47phox and the subsequent increased NADPH oxidase activity, leading to improvement in endothelial function. The effects of RWPs appear to be independent of ER and PPARγ activation and are related to ERK1/2 inhibition.
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22
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Meoli DF, White RJ. Endothelin-1 induces pulmonary but not aortic smooth muscle cell migration by activating ERK1/2 MAP kinase. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 88:830-9. [PMID: 20725141 DOI: 10.1139/y10-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is an endogenous peptide that promotes vasoconstriction, endothelial and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, and fibrosis. ET-1 receptor antagonists are an important treatment strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension, but less effective in systemic vascular disease. This observation suggests a special role for ET-1 in the pulmonary circulation. We hypothesized that ET-1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension, in part, by promoting pulmonary vascular SMC migration. ET-1 treatment promoted migration in 3 distinct types of cultured pulmonary SMC. Pulmonary SMC migration was blocked by an ETA receptor selective agonist and a combined ETA-ETB antagonist, but not by a selective ETB antagonist. In contrast to the effect on pulmonary SMCs, ET-1 had no effect on migration of aortic SMCs. Flow cytometry showed that the ETA receptor was expressed at comparable levels on pulmonary and aortic SMCs, excluding receptor density as an explanation for the divergent effect. ET-1-induced pulmonary SMC migration was blocked by the structurally distinct MEK inhibitors PD98059 and U0126, consistent with a role for ERK1/2 MAP kinase. By Western blot in cultured cells and immunohistochemistry in ex vivo vessels, ET-1 stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 as efficaciously as platelet-derived growth factor in pulmonary, but not aortic, SMCs. In conclusion, ET-1 induces SMC migration, with the ETA receptor tightly coupled to ERK1/2 phosphorylation only in the pulmonary circulation. This finding may help explain the striking difference in the efficacy of endothelin receptor blockers for pulmonary hypertension as compared to that for systemic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Meoli
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Rochester, 400 Red Creek Drive, Suite 110, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
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23
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Lima VV, Giachini FR, Hardy DM, Webb RC, Tostes RC. O-GlcNAcylation: a novel pathway contributing to the effects of endothelin in the vasculature. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R236-50. [PMID: 21068200 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00230.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) or O-GlcNAcylation on serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins is a posttranslational modification that alters the function of numerous proteins important in vascular function, including kinases, phosphatases, transcription factors, and cytoskeletal proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is an innovative way to think about vascular signaling events both in physiological conditions and in disease states. This posttranslational modification interferes with vascular processes, mainly vascular reactivity, in conditions where endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels are augmented (e.g. salt-sensitive hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion, and stroke). ET-1 plays a crucial role in the vascular function of most organ systems, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Recognition of ET-1 by the ET(A) and ET(B) receptors activates intracellular signaling pathways and cascades that result in rapid and long-term alterations in vascular activity and function. Components of these ET-1-activated signaling pathways (e.g., mitogen-activated protein kinases, protein kinase C, RhoA/Rho kinase) are also targets for O-GlcNAcylation. Recent experimental evidence suggests that ET-1 directly activates O-GlcNAcylation, and this posttranslational modification mediates important vascular effects of the peptide. This review focuses on ET-1-activated signaling pathways that can be modified by O-GlcNAcylation. A brief description of the O-GlcNAcylation biology is presented, and its role on vascular function is addressed. ET-1-induced O-GlcNAcylation and its implications for vascular function are then discussed. Finally, the interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and O-phosphorylation is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lima
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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Lima VV, Giachini FR, Carneiro FS, Carvalho MHC, Fortes ZB, Webb RC, Tostes RC. O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the vascular effects of ET-1 via activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:614-22. [PMID: 20978008 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Glycosylation with β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) is one of the most complex post-translational modifications. The cycling of O-GlcNAc is controlled by two enzymes: UDP-NAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). We recently reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1) augments vascular levels of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Here we tested the hypothesis that O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the vascular effects of ET-1 via activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS Incubation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with ET-1 (0.1 μM) produces a time-dependent increase in O-GlcNAc levels. ET-1-induced O-GlcNAcylation is not observed when VSMCs are previously transfected with OGT siRNA, treated with ST045849 (OGT inhibitor) or atrasentan (ET(A) antagonist). ET-1 as well as PugNAc (OGA inhibitor) augmented contractions to phenylephrine in endothelium-denuded rat aortas, an effect that was abolished by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Incubation of VSMCs with ET-1 increased expression of the phosphorylated forms of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT-1), protein kinase C-potentiated protein phosphatase 1 inhibitor protein (protein kinase C-potentiated phosphatase inhibitor-17), and myosin light chain (MLC) and RhoA expression and activity, and this effect was abolished by both OGT siRNA transfection or OGT inhibition and atrasentan. ET-1 also augmented expression of PDZ-Rho GEF (guanine nucleotide exchange factor) and p115-Rho GEF in VSMCs and this was prevented by OGT siRNA, ST045849, and atrasentan. CONCLUSION We suggest that ET-1 augments O-GlcNAcylation and this modification contributes to increased vascular contractile responses via activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Lima
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 Fifteenth Street, CA-3141, Augusta, GA 30912-3000, USA.
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Archer SL, Weir EK, Wilkins MR. Basic science of pulmonary arterial hypertension for clinicians: new concepts and experimental therapies. Circulation 2010; 121:2045-66. [PMID: 20458021 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.847707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Romero M, Jiménez R, Sánchez M, López-Sepúlveda R, Zarzuelo A, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J. Vascular superoxide production by endothelin-1 requires Src non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase and MAPK activation. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:78-85. [PMID: 20553682 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ET-1 induces vascular O(2)(*-) production via activation of NADPH oxidase. We have investigated whether c-Src and MAPKs activation are involved in ET-1-induced vascular oxidative response. At 2 h, ET-1 induced an increase in NADPH oxidase-driven O(2)(*-) production in rat isolated aortic rings, which was completely suppressed in PP2 (c-Src inhibitor)-pretreated rings, whereas PP3 (inactive analogue of PP2) was without effect. ET-1 increased the levels of phospho-c-Src, the active form of c-Src, and the phosphorylation of cortactin, a Src-specific substrate. Both c-Src and cortactin phosphorylation induced by ET-1 were prevented by PP2. The increased expression of p47(phox), the main cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase, induced by ET-1 was also prevented by PP2. The increased vascular O(2)(*-) production and p47(phox) up-regulation induced by ET-1 was only inhibited in aortic rings coincubated with the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059; being without effects both the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, and JNK inhibitor, SP600125. Aortic rings incubation with ET-1 increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. This effect was suppressed by coincubation with PP2 showing that this event is down-stream of c-Src activation. In conclusion, ET-1 induces NADPH oxidase-driven O(2)(*-) generation through increase of p47(phox) protein expression. The signalling pathway for this effect involves c-Src activation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Sathishkumar K, Yallampalli U, Elkins R, Yallampalli C. Raf-1 kinase regulates smooth muscle contraction in the rat mesenteric arteries. J Vasc Res 2010; 47:384-98. [PMID: 20110729 DOI: 10.1159/000277726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of Raf-1 kinase in mesenteric arterial contraction. Inhibitors of Raf-1 kinase, GW5074, L779450 and ZM 336372 reversed phenylephrine (PE)-induced mesenteric vascular contraction. Studies in vivo in rats showed that GW5074 inhibited PE-induced increase in mean arterial pressure in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats. Isometric tension studies in mesenteric arteries of rats showed that GW5074 did not change the KCl-evoked contraction but significantly inhibited the contractions to PE, 5-HT, U46619, endothelin 1, angiotensin II and phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDBu). In mesenteric vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), PE stimulated increase in Raf-1 phosphorylation which was inhibited by GW5074. Measurement of [Ca(2+)](i) with Fura-2 showed that GW5074-mediated inhibition of PE-induced contraction was not associated with decreases in [Ca(2+)](i). VSMCs treated with PE exhibited higher levels of the contractile proteins, p-MYPT1 and p-MLC(20), which was inhibited by GW5074. Similarly, PDBu induced increases in phosphorylation of Raf-1, MLC(20) and MYPT1 and this was inhibited by GW5074. However, GW5074 did not have any significant effect on PE/PDBu-induced MEK/ERK activation. The results indicate that Raf-1 kinase plays an important role in the regulation of vascular contractility through regulation of calcium sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunju Sathishkumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Tex. 77555-1062, USA
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Chen QW, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. Role of ERK/MAPK in endothelin receptor signaling in human aortic smooth muscle cells. BMC Cell Biol 2009; 10:52. [PMID: 19575782 PMCID: PMC2715373 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-10-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoactive peptide, which induces vasoconstriction and proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through activation of endothelin type A (ETA) and type B (ETB) receptors. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are involved in ET-1-induced VSMC contraction and proliferation. This study was designed to investigate the ETA and ETB receptor intracellular signaling in human VSMCs and used phosphorylation (activation) of ERK1/2 as a functional signal molecule for endothelin receptor activity. Results Subconfluent human VSMCs were stimulated by ET-1 at different concentrations (1 nM-1 μM). The activation of ERK1/2 was examined by immunofluorescence, Western blot and phosphoELISA using specific antibody against phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein. ET-1 induced a concentration- and time- dependent activation of ERK1/2 with a maximal effect at 10 min. It declined to baseline level at 30 min. The ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2 was completely abolished by MEK1/2 inhibitors U0126 and SL327, and partially inhibited by the MEK1 inhibitor PD98059. A dual endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan or the ETA antagonist BQ123 blocked the ET-1 effect, while the ETB antagonist BQ788 had no significant effect. However, a selective ETB receptor agonist, Sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) caused a time-dependent ERK1/2 activation with a maximal effect by less than 20% of the ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2. Increase in bosentan concentration up to 10 μM further inhibited ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2 and had a stronger inhibitory effect than BQ123 or the combined use of BQ123 and BQ788. To further explore ET-1 intracellular signaling, PKC inhibitors (staurosporin and GF109203X), PKC-delta inhibitor (rottlerin), PKA inhibitor (H-89), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (wortmannin) were applied. The inhibitors showed significant inhibitory effects on ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2. However, blockage of L-type Ca2+ channels or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, chelating extracellular Ca2+ or emptying internal Ca2+ stores, did not affect ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2. Conclusion The ETA receptors predominate in the ET-1-induced activation of ERK1/2 in human VSMCs, which associates with increments in intracellular PKC, PKA and PI3K activities, but not Ca2+ signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-wen Chen
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Institute of Clinical Science in Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Matsumoto T, Ishida K, Nakayama N, Kobayashi T, Kamata K. Involvement of NO and MEK/ERK pathway in enhancement of endothelin-1-induced mesenteric artery contraction in later-stage type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1388-97. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00043.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 is a likely candidate for a key role in diabetic vascular complications. However, no abnormalities in the vascular responsiveness to ET-1 have been identified in the chronic stage of type 2 diabetes. Our goal was to look for abnormalities in the roles played by ET receptors (ETA and ETB) in the mesenteric artery of the type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. Using mesenteric arteries from later-stage (32–38 wk old) individuals, we compared the ET-1-induced contraction and the relaxation induced by the selective ETB receptor agonist IRL1620 between GK rats and control Wistar rats. Mesenteric artery ERK activity and the protein expressions for ET receptors and MEK were also measured. In GK rats (vs. age-matched Wistar rats), we found as follows. 1) The ET-1-induced contraction was greater and was attenuated by BQ-123 (ETA antagonist) but not by BQ-788 (ETB antagonist). In the controls, BQ-788 augmented this contraction. 2) Both the relaxation and nitric oxide (NO) production induced by IRL1620 were reduced. 3) ET-1-induced contraction was enhanced by NG-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA; NO synthase inhibitor) but suppressed by sodium nitroprusside (NO donor). 4) The enhanced ET-1-induced contraction was reduced by MEK/ERK pathway inhibitors (PD-98059 or U0126). 5) ET-1-stimulated ERK activation was increased, as were the ETA and MEK1/2 protein expressions. 6) Mesenteric ET-1 content was increased. These results suggest that upregulation of ETA, a defect in ETB-mediated NO signaling, and activation of the MEK/ERK pathway together represent a likely mechanism mediating the hyperreactivity to ET-1 examined in this study.
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Khodorova A, Montmayeur JP, Strichartz G. Endothelin receptors and pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2009; 10:4-28. [PMID: 19111868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The endogenous endothelin (ET) peptides participate in a remarkable variety of pain-relatedprocesses. Pain that is elevated by inflammation, by skin incision, by cancer, during a Sickle Cell Disease crisis and by treatments that mimic neuropathic and inflammatory pain and are all reduced by local administration of antagonists of endothelin receptors. Many effects of endogenously released endothelin are simulated by acute, local subcutaneous administration of endothelin, which at very high concentrations causes pain and at lower concentrations sensitizes the nocifensive reactions to mechanical, thermal and chemical stimuli. PERSPECTIVE In this paper we review the biochemistry, second messenger pathways and hetero-receptor coupling that are activated by ET receptors, the cellular physiological responses to ET receptor activation, and the contribution to pain of such mechanisms occurring in the periphery and the CNS. Our goal is to frame the subject of endothelin and pain for a broad readership, and to present the generally accepted as well as the disputed concepts, including important unanswered questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Khodorova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Pain Research Center, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115-6110, USA
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Sen U, Tyagi N, Patibandla PK, Dean WL, Tyagi SC, Roberts AM, Lominadze D. Fibrinogen-induced endothelin-1 production from endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2009; 296:C840-7. [PMID: 19193866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00515.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that fibrinogen (Fg) binding to the vascular endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) leads to microvascular constriction in vivo and in vitro. Although a role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in this Fg-induced vasoconstriction was suggested, the mechanism of action was not clear. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that Fg-induced vasoconstriction results from ET-1 production by vascular endothelial cells (EC) and is mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase -1/2 (ERK-1/2). Confluent, rat heart microvascular endothelial cells (RHMECs) were treated with one of the following: Fg (2 or 4 mg/ml), Fg (4 mg/ml) with ERK-1/2 kinase inhibitors (PD-98059 or U-0126), Fg (4 mg/ml) with an antibody against ICAM-1, or medium alone for 45 min. The amount of ET-1 formed and the concentration of released von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the cell culture medium were measured by ELISAs. Fg-induced exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 was detected by Western blot analysis. Fg caused a dose-dependent increase in ET-1 formation and release of vWF from the RHMECs. This Fg-induced increase in ET-1 production was inhibited by specific ERK-1/2 kinase inhibitors and by anti-ICAM-1 antibody. Immunocytochemical staining showed that an increase in Fg concentration enhanced exocytosis of WPBs in ECs. A specific endothelin type B receptor blocker, BQ-788, attenuated the enhanced phosphorylation of ERK-1/2 in ECs caused by increased Fg content in the culture medium. The presence of an endothelin converting enzyme inhibitor, SM-19712, slightly decreased Fg-induced phosphorylation of ERK-1/2, but inhibited production of Fg-induced ET-1 production. These results suggest that Fg-induced vasoconstriction may be mediated, in part, by activation of ERK-1/2 signaling and increased production of ET-1 that further increases EC ERK-1/2 signaling. Thus, an increased content of Fg may enhance vasoconstriction through increased production of ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Louisville, School of Medicine, Bldg. A, Rm. 1115, 500 South Preston St., Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Giachini FRC, Zemse SM, Carneiro FS, Lima VV, Carneiro ZN, Callera GE, Ergul A, Webb RC, Tostes RC. Interleukin-10 attenuates vascular responses to endothelin-1 via effects on ERK1/2-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 296:H489-96. [PMID: 19074677 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00251.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine with protective actions on the vasculature. On the other hand, endothelin (ET)-1 has potent vasoconstrictor, mitogenic, and proinflammatory activities, which have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a number of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that, in a condition where ET-1 expression is upregulated, i.e., on infusion of TNF-alpha, IL-10 confers vascular protection from ET-1-induced injury. Aortic rings and first-order mesenteric arteries from male C57BL/6 (WT) and IL-10-knockout (IL-10(-/-)) mice were treated with human recombinant TNF-alpha (220 ng x kg(-1) x day(-1)) or vehicle (saline) for 14 days. TNF-alpha infusion significantly increased blood pressure in IL-10(-/-), but not WT, mice. TNF-alpha augmented vascular ET-1 mRNA expression in arteries from WT and IL-10(-/-) mice. ET type A (ET(A)) receptor expression was increased in arteries from IL-10(-/-) mice, and TNF-alpha infusion did not change vascular ET(A) receptor expression in control or IL-10(-/-) mice. Aorta and mesenteric arteries from TNF-alpha-infused IL-10(-/-) mice displayed increased contractile responses to ET-1, but not the ET type B receptor agonist IRL-1620. The ET(A) receptor antagonist atrasentan completely abolished responses to ET-1 in aorta and mesenteric vessels, whereas the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD-98059 abrogated increased contractions to ET-1 in arteries from TNF-alpha-infused IL-10(-/-) mice. Infusion of TNF-alpha, as well as knockdown of IL-10 (IL-10(-/-)), induced an increase in total and phosphorylated ERK1/2. These data demonstrate that IL-10 counteracts ET(A)-mediated vascular responses to ET-1, as well as activation of the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Klein M, Schermuly RT, Ellinghaus P, Milting H, Riedl B, Nikolova S, Pullamsetti SS, Weissmann N, Dony E, Savai R, Ghofrani HA, Grimminger F, Busch AE, Schäfer S. Combined Tyrosine and Serine/Threonine Kinase Inhibition by Sorafenib Prevents Progression of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension and Myocardial Remodeling. Circulation 2008; 118:2081-90. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.779751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Klein
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Peter Ellinghaus
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Bernd Riedl
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Sevdalina Nikolova
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Soni S. Pullamsetti
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Eva Dony
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Hossein A. Ghofrani
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Andreas E. Busch
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
| | - Stefan Schäfer
- From Cardiology Research, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (M.K., B.R., A.E.B., S.S.); Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim (R.T.S.); University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen (R.T.S., S.N., S.S.P., N.W., E.D., R.S., H.A.G., F.G.); Target Discovery, Bayer Schering Pharma, Wuppertal (P.E.); and Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, Bad Oeynhausen (H.M.), Germany
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Nilsson D, Gustafsson L, Wackenfors A, Gesslein B, Edvinsson L, Paulsson P, Ingemansson R, Malmsjö M. Up-regulation of endothelin type B receptors in the human internal mammary artery in culture is dependent on protein kinase C and mitogen-activated kinase signaling pathways. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2008; 8:21. [PMID: 18778461 PMCID: PMC2553399 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Up-regulation of vascular endothelin type B (ETB) receptors is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Culture of intact arteries has been shown to induce similar receptor alterations and has therefore been suggested as a suitable method for, ex vivo, in detail delineation of the regulation of endothelin receptors. We hypothesize that mitogen-activated kinases (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) are involved in the regulation of endothelin ETB receptors in human internal mammary arteries. Methods Human internal mammary arteries were obtained during coronary artery bypass graft surgery and were studied before and after 24 hours of organ culture, using in vitro pharmacology, real time PCR and Western blot techniques. Sarafotoxin 6c and endothelin-1 were used to examine the endothelin ETA and ETB receptor effects, respectively. The involvement of PKC and MAPK in the endothelin receptor regulation was examined by culture in the presence of antagonists. Results The endohtelin-1-induced contraction (after endothelin ETB receptor desensitization) and the endothelin ETA receptor mRNA expression levels were not altered by culture. The sarafotoxin 6c contraction, endothelin ETB receptor protein and mRNA expression levels were increased after organ culture. This increase was antagonized by; (1) PKC inhibitors (10 μM bisindolylmaleimide I and 10 μM Ro-32-0432), and (2) inhibitors of the p38, extracellular signal related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and C-jun terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK pathways (10 μM SB203580, 10 μM PD98059 and 10 μM SP600125, respectively). Conclusion In conclusion, PKC and MAPK seem to be involved in the up-regulation of endothelin ETB receptor expression in human internal mammary arteries. Inhibiting these intracellular signal transduction pathways may provide a future therapeutic target for hindering the development of vascular endothelin ETB receptor changes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Nilsson
- Department of Medicine, Lund University Hospital, Sweden.
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Diabetic state, high plasma insulin and angiotensin II combine to augment endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction via ETA receptors and ERK. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:974-83. [PMID: 19029977 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mechanisms associated with the enhanced contractile response to endothelin-1 in hyperinsulinaemic diabetes have been examined using the rat aorta. Functions for angiotensin II, endothelin-1 receptor expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) have been investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were infused with angiotensin II or, following insulin treatment, were treated with losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Contractions of aortic strips with or without endothelium, in response to endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, were examined in vitro. Aortic ET(A) receptors and ERK/MEK expression were measured by western blotting. KEY RESULTS Insulin-treated diabetic rats exhibited increases in plasma insulin, angiotensin II and endothelin-1. The systolic blood pressure and endothelin-1-induced contractile responses in aortae in vitro were enhanced in insulin-treated diabetic rats and blunted by chronic losartan administration. LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor) and/or PD98059 (MEK inhibitor) diminished the enhanced contractile response to endothelin-1 in aortae from insulin-treated diabetic rats. ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, ERK-1/2 and MEK-1/2 protein expression and endothelin-1-stimulated ERK phosphorylation were all increased in aortae from insulin-treated diabetic rats. Such increases were blunted by chronic losartan administration. Endothelin-1-induced contraction was significantly higher in aortae from angiotensin II-infused diabetic rats. angiotensin II-infusion increased ERK phosphorylation, but the expression of endothelin receptors and ERK/MEK proteins remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that the combination of high plasma angiotensin II and insulin with a diabetic state induced enhancement of endothelin-1-induced vasoconstriction, ET(A) receptor expression and ERK expression/activity in the aorta. Losartan improved both the diabetes-related abnormalities and the diabetic hypertension.
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Bugaj V, Pochynyuk O, Mironova E, Vandewalle A, Medina JL, Stockand JD. Regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel by endothelin-1 in rat collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1063-70. [PMID: 18667482 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90321.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We used patch-clamp electrophysiology to investigate regulation of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) by endothelin-1 (ET-1) in isolated, split-open rat collecting ducts. ET-1 significantly decreases ENaC open probability by about threefold within 5 min. ET-1 decreases ENaC activity through basolateral membrane ETB but not ETA receptors. In rat collecting duct, we find no role for phospholipase C or protein kinase C in the rapid response of ENaC to ET-1. ET-1, although, does activate src family tyrosine kinases and their downstream MAPK1/2 effector cascade in renal principal cells. Both src kinases and MAPK1/2 signaling are necessary for ET-1-dependent decreases in ENaC open probability in the split-open collecting duct. We conclude that ET-1 in a physiologically relevant manner rapidly suppresses ENaC activity in native, mammalian principal cells. These findings may provide a potential mechanism for the natriuresis observed in vivo in response to ET-1, as well as a potential cause for the salt-sensitive hypertension found in animals with impaired endothelin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Bugaj
- Department of Physiology 7756, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
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Lu R, Alioua A, Kumar Y, Kundu P, Eghbali M, Weisstaub NV, Gingrich JA, Stefani E, Toro L. c-Src tyrosine kinase, a critical component for 5-HT2A receptor-mediated contraction in rat aorta. J Physiol 2008; 586:3855-69. [PMID: 18599541 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors (5-HTRs) play critical roles in brain and cardiovascular functions. In the vasculature, 5-HT induces potent vasoconstrictions, which in aorta are mainly mediated by activation of the 5-HT(2A)R subtype. We previously proposed that one signalling mechanism of 5-HT-induced vasoconstriction could be c-Src, a member of the Src tyrosine kinase family. We now provide evidence for a central role of c-Src in 5-HT(2A)R-mediated contraction. Inhibition of Src kinase activity with 10 mum 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) prior to contraction resulted in approximately 90-99% inhibition of contractions induced by 5-HT or by alpha-methyl-5-HT (5-HT(2)R agonist). In contrast, PP2 pretreatment only partly inhibited contractions induced by angiotensin II and the thromboxane A(2) mimetic, U46619, and had no significant action on phenylephrine-induced contractions. 5-Hydroxytryptamine increased Src kinase activity and PP2-sensitive tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. As expected for c-Src identity, PP2 pretreatment inhibited 5-HT-induced contraction with an IC(50) of approximately 1 mum. Ketanserin (10 nm), a 5-HT(2A) antagonist, but not antagonists of 5-HT(2B)R (100 nm SB204741) or 5-HT(2C)R (20 nm RS102221), prevented 5-HT-induced contractions, mimicking PP2 and implicating 5-HT(2A)R as the major receptor subtype coupled to c-Src. In HEK 293T cells, c-Src and 5-HT(2A)R were reciprocally co-immunoprecipitated and co-localized at the cell periphery. Finally, 5-HT-induced Src activity was unaffected by inhibition of Rho kinase, supporting a role of c-Src upstream of Rho kinase. Together, the results highlight c-Src activation as one of the early and pivotal mechanisms in 5-HT(2A)R contractile signalling in aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Division of Molecular Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7115, USA
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Montezano AC, Callera GE, Yogi A, He Y, Tostes RC, He G, Schiffrin EL, Touyz RM. Aldosterone and angiotensin II synergistically stimulate migration in vascular smooth muscle cells through c-Src-regulated redox-sensitive RhoA pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 28:1511-8. [PMID: 18467645 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.168021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synergistic interactions between aldosterone (Aldo) and angiotensin II (Ang II) have been implicated in vascular inflammation, fibrosis, and remodeling. Molecular mechanisms underlying this are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that c-Src activation, through receptor tyrosine kinase transactivation, is critically involved in synergistic interactions between Aldo and Ang II and that it is upstream of promigratory signaling pathways in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). METHODS AND RESULTS VSMCs from WKY rats were studied. At low concentrations (10(-10) mol/L) Aldo and Ang II alone did not influence c-Src activation, whereas in combination they rapidly increased phosphorylation (P<0.01), an effect blocked by eplerenone (Aldo receptor antagonist) and irbesartan (AT1R blocker). This synergism was attenuated by AG1478 and AG1296 (inhibitors of EGFR and PDGFR, respectively), but not by AG1024 (IGFR inhibitor). Aldo and Ang II costimulation induced c-Src-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and c-Src-independent activation of ERK1/2 (P<0.05), without effect on ERK5, p38MAPK, or JNK. Aldo/Ang II synergistically activated RhoA/Rho kinase and VSMC migration, effects blocked by PP2, apocynin, and fasudil, inhibitors of c-Src, NADPH oxidase, and Rho kinase, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Aldo/Ang II synergistically activate c-Src, an immediate signaling response, through EGFR and PDGFR, but not IGFR transactivation. This is associated with activation of redox-regulated RhoA/Rho kinase, which controls VSMC migration. Although Aldo and Ang II interact to stimulate ERK1/2, such effects are c-Src-independent. These findings indicate differential signaling in Aldo-Ang II crosstalk and highlight the importance of c-Src in redox-sensitive RhoA, but not ERK1/2 signaling. Blockade of Aldo/Ang II may be therapeutically useful in vascular remodeling associated with abnormal VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montezano
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Ontario, Canada
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Ivey ME, Osman N, Little PJ. Endothelin-1 signalling in vascular smooth muscle: pathways controlling cellular functions associated with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2008; 199:237-47. [PMID: 18436225 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary ischaemic vascular condition underlying a majority of cardiovascular disease related deaths. Endothelin-1 is a vasoactive peptide agent upregulated in atherosclerosis and in conjunction with its G protein-coupled receptors exerts diverse actions on all cells of the vasculature in particular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The effects of endothelin-1 include cell proliferation, migration and contraction, and the induction of extracellular matrix components and growth factors. VSMC as the major component of the neointima in atherosclerotic plaques accordingly play a key role in atherogenesis. In this review we examine classic and novel signalling pathways activated by endothelin-1 in VSMC (including phospholipase C, adenylate cyclase, Rho kinase, transactivation of receptor tyrosine kinases, mitogen activated protein kinase cascades and beta-arrestin) and their likely impact on the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie E Ivey
- Cell Biology of Diabetes Laboratory, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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