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Lahooti B, Akwii RG, Zahra FT, Sajib MS, Lamprou M, Alobaida A, Lionakis MS, Mattheolabakis G, Mikelis CM. Targeting endothelial permeability in the EPR effect. J Control Release 2023; 361:212-235. [PMID: 37517543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of the primary tumor blood vessels and the tumor microenvironment drive the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which confers an advantage towards enhanced delivery of anti-cancer nanomedicine and has shown beneficial effects in preclinical models. Increased vascular permeability is a landmark feature of the tumor vessels and an important driver of the EPR. The main focus of this review is the endothelial regulation of vascular permeability. We discuss current challenges of targeting vascular permeability towards clinical translation and summarize the structural components and mechanisms of endothelial permeability, the principal mediators and signaling players, the targeted approaches that have been used and their outcomes to date. We also critically discuss the effects of the tumor-infiltrating immune cells, their interplay with the tumor vessels and the impact of immune responses on nanomedicine delivery, the impact of anti-angiogenic and tumor-stroma targeting approaches, and desirable nanoparticle design approaches for greater translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Lahooti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Racheal G Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Margarita Lamprou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Fungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece.
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2
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Siwicki M, Kubes P. Neutrophils in host defense, healing, and hypersensitivity: Dynamic cells within a dynamic host. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:634-655. [PMID: 36642653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are cells of the innate immune system that are extremely abundant in vivo and respond quickly to infection, injury, and inflammation. Their constant circulation throughout the body makes them some of the first responders to infection, and indeed they play a critical role in host defense against bacterial and fungal pathogens. It is now appreciated that neutrophils also play an important role in tissue healing after injury. Their short life cycle, rapid response kinetics, and vast numbers make neutrophils a highly dynamic and potentially extremely influential cell population. It has become clear that they are highly integrated with other cells of the immune system and can thus exert critical effects on the course of an inflammatory response; they can further impact tissue homeostasis and recovery after challenge. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of neutrophils in host defense and healing; we explore the relationship between neutrophils and the dynamic host environment, including circadian cycles and the microbiome; we survey the field of neutrophils in asthma and allergy; and we consider the question of neutrophil heterogeneity-namely, whether there could be specific subsets of neutrophils that perform different functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Siwicki
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Immunology Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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3
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Abstract
The endothelium is a dynamic, semipermeable layer lining all blood vessels, regulating blood vessel formation and barrier function. Proper composition and function of the endothelial barrier are required for fluid homeostasis, and clinical conditions characterized by barrier disruption are associated with severe morbidity and high mortality rates. Endothelial barrier properties are regulated by cell-cell junctions and intracellular signaling pathways governing the cytoskeleton, but recent insights indicate an increasingly important role for integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion and signaling in endothelial barrier regulation. Here, we discuss diseases characterized by endothelial barrier disruption, and provide an overview of the composition of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion complexes and associated signaling pathways, their crosstalk with cell-cell junctions, and with other receptors. We further present recent insights into the role of cell-matrix adhesions in the developing and mature/adult endothelium of various vascular beds, and discuss how the dynamic regulation and turnover of cell-matrix adhesions regulates endothelial barrier function in (patho)physiological conditions like angiogenesis, inflammation and in response to hemodynamic stress. Finally, as clinical conditions associated with vascular leak still lack direct treatment, we focus on how understanding of endothelial cell-matrix adhesion may provide novel targets for treatment, and discuss current translational challenges and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the Netherlands (J.A.)
| | - Coert Margadant
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, the NetherlandsInstitute of Biology, Leiden University, the Netherlands (C.M.)
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4
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Day-Walsh PE, Keeble B, Pirabagar G, Fountain SJ, Kroon PA. Transcriptional and Post-Translational Regulation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-B (JAM-B) in Leukocytes under Inflammatory Stimuli. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158646. [PMID: 35955781 PMCID: PMC9369439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs; comprising JAM-A, -B and -C) act as receptors for viruses, mediate cell permeability, facilitate leukocyte migration during sterile and non-sterile inflammation and are important for the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity. As such, they are implicated in the development of both communicable and non-communicable chronic diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes under pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli using immunoassays, qPCR and pharmacological inhibitors of inflammatory signalling pathways. We show that JAM-B is expressed at both the mRNA and protein level in leukocytes. JAM-B protein is localised to the cytoplasm, Golgi apparatus and in the nucleus around ring-shaped structures. We also provide evidence that JAM-B nuclear localisation occurs via the classical importin-α/β pathway, which is likely mediated through JAM-B protein nuclear localisation signals (NLS) and export signals (NES). In addition, we provide evidence that under both pathogen- and host-derived inflammatory stimuli, JAM-B transcription is regulated via the NF-κB-dependent pathways, whereas at the post-translational level JAM-B is regulated by ubiquitin-proteosome pathways. Anaphase-promoting ubiquitin ligase complex (APC/C) and herpes simplex virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP/USP) were identified as candidates for JAM-B ubiquitination and de-ubiquitination, respectively. The expression and regulation of JAM-B in leukocytes reported here is a novel observation and contrasts with previous reports. The data reported here suggest that JAM-B expression in leukocytes is under the control of common inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla E. Day-Walsh
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Bryony Keeble
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Gothai Pirabagar
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
| | - Samuel J. Fountain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;
| | - Paul A. Kroon
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Food Innovation & Health Programme, Norwich Research Park, Rosalind Franklin Road, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (P.E.D.-W.); (B.K.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Wang J, Chen X. Junctional Adhesion Molecules: Potential Proteins in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:888818. [PMID: 35872908 PMCID: PMC9302484 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.888818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily and are involved in the regulation of diverse atherosclerosis-related processes such as endothelial barrier maintenance, leucocytes transendothelial migration, and angiogenesis. To combine and further broaden related results, this review concluded the recent progress in the roles of JAMs and predicted future studies of JAMs in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Chen,
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Owczarek C, Ortiz-Zapater E, Kim J, Papaevangelou E, Santis G, Parsons M. CAR Co-Operates With Integrins to Promote Lung Cancer Cell Adhesion and Invasion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829313. [PMID: 35252000 PMCID: PMC8889575 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a member of the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family of adhesion receptors and is localised to epithelial cell tight and adherens junctions. CAR has been shown to be highly expressed in lung cancer where it is proposed to promote tumor growth and regulate epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), however the potential role of CAR in lung cancer metastasis remains poorly understood. To better understand the role of this receptor in tumor progression, we manipulated CAR expression in both epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like lung cancer cells. In both cases, CAR overexpression promoted tumor growth in vivo in immunocompetent mice and increased cell adhesion in the lung after intravenous injection without altering the EMT properties of each cell line. Overexpression of WTCAR resulted in increased invasion in 3D models and enhanced β1 integrin activity in both cell lines, and this was dependent on phosphorylation of the CAR cytoplasmic tail. Furthermore, phosphorylation of CAR was enhanced by substrate stiffness in vitro, and CAR expression increased at the boundary of solid tumors in vivo. Moreover, CAR formed a complex with the focal adhesion proteins Src, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) and paxillin and promoted activation of the Guanine Triphosphate (GTP)-ase Ras-related Protein 1 (Rap1), which in turn mediated enhanced integrin activation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CAR contributes to lung cancer metastasis via promotion of cell-matrix adhesion, providing new insight into co-operation between cell-cell and cell-matrix proteins that regulate different steps of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Owczarek
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jana Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efthymia Papaevangelou
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - George Santis
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Science, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Maddy Parsons,
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7
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Stojak M, Milczarek M, Kurpinska A, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Kaczara P, Wojnar-Lason K, Banach J, Stachowicz-Suhs M, Rossowska J, Kalviņš I, Wietrzyk J, Chlopicki S. Protein Disulphide Isomerase A1 Is Involved in the Regulation of Breast Cancer Cell Adhesion and Transmigration via Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102850. [PMID: 33023153 PMCID: PMC7601413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell cross-talk with the host endothelium plays a crucial role in metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. We studied the involvement of protein disulphide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) in human breast cancer cell (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) adhesion and transendothelial migration. For comparison, the role of PDIA1 in proliferation, migration, cell cycle and apoptosis was also assessed. Pharmacological inhibitor, bepristat 2a and PDIA1 silencing were used to inhibit PDIA1. Inhibition of PDIA1 by bepristat 2a markedly decreased the adhesion of breast cancer cells to collagen type I, fibronectin and human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Transendothelial migration of breast cancer cells across the endothelial monolayer was also inhibited by bepristat 2a, an effect not associated with changes in ICAM-1 expression or changes in cellular bioenergetics. The silencing of PDIA1 produced less pronounced anti-adhesive effects. However, inhibiting extracellular free thiols by non-penetrating blocker p-chloromercuribenzene sulphonate substantially inhibited adhesion. Using a proteomic approach, we identified that β1 and α2 integrins were the most abundant among all integrins in breast cancer cells as well as in lung microvascular endothelial cells, suggesting that integrins could represent a target for PDIA1. In conclusion, extracellular PDIA1 plays a major role in regulating the adhesion of cancer cells and their transendothelial migration, in addition to regulating cell cycle and caspase 3/7 activation by intracellular PDIA1. PDIA1-dependent regulation of cancer-endothelial cell interactions involves disulphide exchange and most likely integrin activation but is not mediated by the regulation of ICAM-1 expression or changes in cellular bioenergetics in breast cancer or endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
| | - Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.); (M.S.-S.); (J.R.)
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
| | - Patrycja Kaczara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
| | - Kamila Wojnar-Lason
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.); (M.S.-S.); (J.R.)
| | - Martyna Stachowicz-Suhs
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.); (M.S.-S.); (J.R.)
| | - Joanna Rossowska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.); (M.S.-S.); (J.R.)
| | - Ivars Kalviņš
- Laboratory of Carbofunctional Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.M.); (J.B.); (M.S.-S.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (J.S.-P.); (P.K.); (K.W.-L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (S.C.)
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8
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Duong CN, Vestweber D. Mechanisms Ensuring Endothelial Junction Integrity Beyond VE-Cadherin. Front Physiol 2020; 11:519. [PMID: 32670077 PMCID: PMC7326147 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial junctions provide blood and lymph vessel integrity and are essential for the formation of a vascular system. They control the extravasation of solutes, leukocytes and metastatic cells from blood vessels and the uptake of fluid and leukocytes into the lymphatic vascular system. A multitude of adhesion molecules mediate and control the integrity and permeability of endothelial junctions. VE-cadherin is arguably the most important adhesion molecule for the formation of vascular structures, and the stability of their junctions. Interestingly, despite this prominence, its elimination from junctions in the adult organism has different consequences in the vasculature of different organs, both for blood and lymph vessels. In addition, even in tissues where the lack of VE-cadherin leads to strong plasma leaks from venules, the physical integrity of endothelial junctions is preserved. Obviously, other adhesion molecules can compensate for a loss of VE-cadherin and this review will discuss which other adhesive mechanisms contribute to the stability and regulation of endothelial junctions and cooperate with VE-cadherin in intact vessels. In addition to adhesion molecules, endothelial receptors will be discussed, which stimulate signaling processes that provide junction stability by modulating the actomyosin system, which reinforces tension of circumferential actin and dampens pulling forces of radial stress fibers. Finally, we will highlight most recent reports about the formation and control of the specialized button-like junctions of initial lymphatics, which represent the entry sites for fluid and cells into the lymphatic vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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9
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Exosomal miR-146a-5p from Treponema pallidum-stimulated macrophages reduces endothelial cells permeability and monocyte transendothelial migration by targeting JAM-C. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111823. [PMID: 31926946 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) transferred between cells have been implicated in modulating the host immune response in microbial infections. In this study, we isolated exosomes from Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum)-stimulated macrophages and detected differential exosomal miRNA expression using both microarrays, and RT-qPCR. A total of 65 differentially expressed miRNAs (35 upregulated and 30 downregulated) were identified. Of all identified miRNAs, miR-146a-5p was one of the most significantly changed miRNAs with high expression in exosomes from T. pallidum-stimulated macrophages. Furthermore, we isolated plasma exosomes from early syphilis patients and healthy controls, and confirmed miR-146a-5p upregulation in the former group. We also show that exosomal miR-146a-5p is efficiently transported into endothelial cells, reducing monocyte transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability by targeting junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C). Luciferase reporter assays confirmed binding of exosomal miR-146a-5p to the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR) of JAM-C. We then demonstrated that also exosomes derived from macrophages stimulated by T. pallidum expressed high levels of miR-146a-5p which could be delivered to endothelial cells, and decreased monocyte transendothelial migration by targeting JAM-C. Overall, this work provides novel insights into the mechanism by which T. pallidum hampers inflammatory reactions of the host via a blockade of leukocytes transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability.
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10
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Kostelnik KB, Barker A, Schultz C, Mitchell TP, Rajeeve V, White IJ, Aurrand-Lions M, Nourshargh S, Cutillas P, Nightingale TD. Dynamic trafficking and turnover of JAM-C is essential for endothelial cell migration. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000554. [PMID: 31790392 PMCID: PMC6907879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional complexes between endothelial cells form a dynamic barrier that hinders passive diffusion of blood constituents into interstitial tissues. Remodelling of junctions is an essential process during leukocyte trafficking, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. However, for many junctional proteins, the mechanisms of junctional remodelling have yet to be determined. Here, we used receptor mutagenesis, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APEX-2) proximity labelling, alongside light and electron microscopy (EM), to map the intracellular trafficking routes of junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C). We found that JAM-C cotraffics with receptors associated with changes in permeability such as vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-Cadherin) and neuropilin (NRP)-1 and 2, but not with junctional proteins associated with the transmigration of leukocytes. Dynamic JAM-C trafficking and degradation are necessary for junctional remodelling during cell migration and angiogenesis. By identifying new potential trafficking machinery, we show that a key point of regulation is the ubiquitylation of JAM-C by the E3 ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (CBL), which controls the rate of trafficking versus lysosomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja B. Kostelnik
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Barker
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Schultz
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J. White
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cell Signalling & Proteomics Group, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- Centre for Microvascular Research, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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11
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The Many Roles of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Hepatic Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121503. [PMID: 31771248 PMCID: PMC6952767 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrogenesis is a progressive scarring event resulting from disrupted regular wound healing due to repeated tissue injury and can end in organ failure, like in liver cirrhosis. The protagonists in this process, either liver-resident cells or patrolling leukocytes attracted to the site of tissue damage, interact with each other by soluble factors but also by direct cell–cell contact mediated by cell adhesion molecules. Since cell adhesion molecules also support binding to the extracellular matrix, they represent excellent biosensors, which allow cells to modulate their behavior based on changes in the surrounding microenvironment. In this review, we focus on selectins, cadherins, integrins and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules as well as some non-classical cell adhesion molecules in the context of hepatic fibrosis. We describe their liver-specific contributions to leukocyte recruitment, cell differentiation and survival, matrix remodeling or angiogenesis and touch on their suitability as targets in antifibrotic therapies.
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12
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Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
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13
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Zhang Y, Xia F, Liu X, Yu Z, Xie L, Liu L, Chen C, Jiang H, Hao X, He X, Zhang F, Gu H, Zhu J, Bai H, Zhang CC, Chen GQ, Zheng J. JAM3 maintains leukemia-initiating cell self-renewal through LRP5/AKT/β-catenin/CCND1 signaling. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1737-1751. [PMID: 29584620 DOI: 10.1172/jci93198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) are responsible for the initiation, development, and relapse of leukemia. The identification of novel therapeutic LIC targets is critical to curing leukemia. In this report, we reveal that junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is highly enriched in both mouse and human LICs. Leukemogenesis is almost completely abrogated upon Jam3 deletion during serial transplantations in an MLL-AF9-induced murine acute myeloid leukemia model. In contrast, Jam3 deletion does not affect the functions of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. Moreover, knockdown of JAM3 leads to a dramatic decrease in the proliferation of both human leukemia cell lines and primary LICs. JAM3 directly associates with LRP5 to activate the downstream PDK1/AKT pathway, followed by the downregulation of GSK3β and activation of β-catenin/CCND1 signaling, to maintain the self-renewal ability and cell cycle entry of LICs. Thus, JAM3 may serve as a functional LIC marker and play an important role in the maintenance of LIC stemness through unexpected LRP5/PDK1/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin/CCND1 signaling pathways but not via its canonical role in cell junctions and migration. JAM3 may be an ideal therapeutic target for the eradication of LICs without influencing normal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ligen Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chiqi Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haishan Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxin Hao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Hematology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Bai
- Department of Hematology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Kummer D, Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): The JAM-Integrin Connection. Cells 2018; 7:cells7040025. [PMID: 29587442 PMCID: PMC5946102 DOI: 10.3390/cells7040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are cell surface adhesion receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily. JAMs are involved in a variety of biological processes both in the adult organism but also during development. These include processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, hemostasis, or epithelial barrier formation, but also developmental processes such as hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and development of the nervous system. Several of these functions of JAMs depend on a physical and functional interaction with integrins. The JAM – integrin interactions in trans regulate cell-cell adhesion, their interactions in cis regulate signaling processes originating at the cell surface. The JAM – integrin interaction can regulate the function of the JAM as well as the function of the integrin. Beyond the physical interaction with integrins, JAMs can regulate integrin function through intracellular signaling indicating an additional level of JAM – integrin cross-talk. In this review, we describe the various levels of the functional interplay between JAMs and integrins and the role of this interplay during different physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kummer
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group: Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Collins FL, Rios-Arce ND, Atkinson S, Bierhalter H, Schoenherr D, Bazil JN, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Temporal and regional intestinal changes in permeability, tight junction, and cytokine gene expression following ovariectomy-induced estrogen deficiency. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/9/e13263. [PMID: 28468850 PMCID: PMC5430124 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency that occurs during menopause is associated with wide‐ranging consequences, including effects on the gastrointestinal system. Although previous studies have implicated a role for estrogen in modulating colonic permeability and inflammatory gene expression, the kinetics of these changes following loss of estrogen and whether they are intestinal region specific are unknown. To test this, we performed sham or ovariectomy (OVX) surgery in BALB/c mice and examined permeability (in vivo and ex vivo) and gene expression changes in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon at 1, 4, and 8 weeks postsurgery. In vivo permeability, assessed by FITC‐dextran gavage and subsequent measures of serum levels, indicated that OVX significantly increased whole intestinal permeability 1 week postsurgery before returning to sham levels at 4 and 8 weeks. Permeability of individual intestinal sections, measured ex vivo by Ussing chambers, revealed specific regional and temporal responses to OVX, with the most dynamic changes exhibited by the ileum. Analysis of gene expression, by qPCR and by mathematical modeling, revealed an OVX‐specific effect with tight junction and inflammatory gene expression elevated and suppressed with both temporal and regional specificity. Furthermore, ileal and colonic expression of the tight junction protein occludin was found to be significantly correlated with expression of TNFα and IL‐1β. Together, our studies reveal previously unappreciated effects of estrogen deficiency in specific intestinal segments and further demonstrate temporal links between estrogen deficiency, inflammatory genes, and intestinal permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser L Collins
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Naiomy D Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Shelby Atkinson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hayley Bierhalter
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Daniel Schoenherr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan .,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Centre, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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16
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Ebnet K. Junctional Adhesion Molecules (JAMs): Cell Adhesion Receptors With Pleiotropic Functions in Cell Physiology and Development. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1529-1554. [PMID: 28931565 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)-A, -B and -C are cell-cell adhesion molecules of the immunoglobulin superfamily which are expressed by a variety of tissues, both during development and in the adult organism. Through their extracellular domains, they interact with other adhesion receptors on opposing cells. Through their cytoplasmic domains, they interact with PDZ domain-containing scaffolding and signaling proteins. In combination, these two properties regulate the assembly of signaling complexes at specific sites of cell-cell adhesion. The multitude of molecular interactions has enabled JAMs to adopt distinct cellular functions such as the regulation of cell-cell contact formation, cell migration, or mitotic spindle orientation. Not surprisingly, JAMs regulate diverse processes such as epithelial and endothelial barrier formation, hemostasis, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, germ cell development, and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system. This review summarizes the recent progress in the understanding of JAMs, including their characteristic structural features, their molecular interactions, their cellular functions, and their contribution to a multitude of processes during vertebrate development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Ebnet
- Institute-Associated Research Group "Cell Adhesion and Cell Polarity", Institute of Medical Biochemistry, ZMBE, Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), and Interdisciplinary Clinical Research Center (IZKF), University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Zhao Y, Ting KK, Li J, Cogger VC, Chen J, Johansson-Percival A, Ngiow SF, Holst J, Grau G, Goel S, Muller T, Dejana E, McCaughan G, Smyth MJ, Ganss R, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. Targeting Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin in Tumor-Associated Blood Vessels Promotes T-cell–Mediated Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4434-4447. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Wang T, Gross C, Desai AA, Zemskov E, Wu X, Garcia AN, Jacobson JR, Yuan JXJ, Garcia JGN, Black SM. Endothelial cell signaling and ventilator-induced lung injury: molecular mechanisms, genomic analyses, and therapeutic targets. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L452-L476. [PMID: 27979857 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00231.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving intervention in critically ill patients with respiratory failure due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Paradoxically, mechanical ventilation also creates excessive mechanical stress that directly augments lung injury, a syndrome known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). The pathobiology of VILI and ARDS shares many inflammatory features including increases in lung vascular permeability due to loss of endothelial cell barrier integrity resulting in alveolar flooding. While there have been advances in the understanding of certain elements of VILI and ARDS pathobiology, such as defining the importance of lung inflammatory leukocyte infiltration and highly induced cytokine expression, a deep understanding of the initiating and regulatory pathways involved in these inflammatory responses remains poorly understood. Prevailing evidence indicates that loss of endothelial barrier function plays a primary role in the development of VILI and ARDS. Thus this review will focus on the latest knowledge related to 1) the key role of the endothelium in the pathogenesis of VILI; 2) the transcription factors that relay the effects of excessive mechanical stress in the endothelium; 3) the mechanical stress-induced posttranslational modifications that influence key signaling pathways involved in VILI responses in the endothelium; 4) the genetic and epigenetic regulation of key target genes in the endothelium that are involved in VILI responses; and 5) the need for novel therapeutic strategies for VILI that can preserve endothelial barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christine Gross
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Evgeny Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Alexander N Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona;
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19
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Stewart E, Saker S, Amoaku W. Dexamethasone reverses the effects of high glucose on human retinal endothelial cell permeability and proliferation in vitro. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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20
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Li J, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Ritchie W, Grau G, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The Poly-cistronic miR-23-27-24 Complexes Target Endothelial Cell Junctions: Differential Functional and Molecular Effects of miR-23a and miR-23b. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e354. [PMID: 27741223 PMCID: PMC5023406 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of function of endothelial cell-cell junctions is fundamental in sustaining vascular integrity. The polycistronic microRNA (miR) complexes containing miR-23a-27a-24-2, and 23b-27b-24-1 are predicted to target the majority of major endothelial junctional proteins. We focus on miR-23a and miR-23b, and investigate the functional effects of these miRs on junctions. While miR-23a and 23b only differ by 1 nucleotide (g19) outside the seed region and thus are predicted to have the same targets, they function differently with miR-23a inhibiting permeability and miR-23b inhibiting angiogenesis. Both miRs target the junctional attractive molecule (tight junction protein 2) ZO-2 and the repulsive molecule junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C), although the inhibition of JAM-C by miR-23a is more profound than by miR-23b. The difference in potency is attributable to differences at g19 since a mutation of the t17, the g19 binding site of miR-23b in the 3'UTR of JAM-C restores identity. We also show that the pattern of expression of miR-23a and miR-23b and their targets are different. Thus, the paralogues miR-23a and miR-23b can have profoundly different effects on endothelial cell function due at least partially to selective effects on target proteins and differences in expression patterns of the miRs. This work exposes a hitherto unappreciated complexity in therapeutically targeting miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ying Lu
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - William Ritchie
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georges Grau
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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21
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Reglero-Real N, Colom B, Bodkin JV, Nourshargh S. Endothelial Cell Junctional Adhesion Molecules: Role and Regulation of Expression in Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:2048-2057. [PMID: 27515379 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells line the lumen of all blood vessels and play a critical role in maintaining the barrier function of the vasculature. Sealing of the vessel wall between adjacent endothelial cells is facilitated by interactions involving junctionally expressed transmembrane proteins, including tight junctional molecules, such as members of the junctional adhesion molecule family, components of adherence junctions, such as VE-Cadherin, and other molecules, such as platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule. Of importance, a growing body of evidence indicates that the expression of these molecules is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner during inflammation: responses that have significant implications for the barrier function of blood vessels against blood-borne macromolecules and transmigrating leukocytes. This review summarizes key aspects of our current understanding of the dynamics and mechanisms that regulate the expression of endothelial cells junctional molecules during inflammation and discusses the associated functional implications of such events in acute and chronic scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Reglero-Real
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Bartomeu Colom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Jennifer Victoria Bodkin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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22
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Bradfield PF, Menon A, Miljkovic-Licina M, Lee BP, Fischer N, Fish RJ, Kwak B, Fisher EA, Imhof BA. Divergent JAM-C Expression Accelerates Monocyte-Derived Cell Exit from Atherosclerotic Plaques. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159679. [PMID: 27442505 PMCID: PMC4956249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, caused in part by monocytes in plaques, continues to be a disease that afflicts the modern world. Whilst significant steps have been made in treating this chronic inflammatory disease, questions remain on how to prevent monocyte and macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. Junctional Adhesion Molecule C (JAM-C) expressed by vascular endothelium directs monocyte transendothelial migration in a unidirectional manner leading to increased inflammation. Here we show that interfering with JAM-C allows reverse-transendothelial migration of monocyte-derived cells, opening the way back out of the inflamed environment. To study the role of JAM-C in plaque regression we used a mouse model of atherosclerosis, and tested the impact of vascular JAM-C expression levels on monocyte reverse transendothelial migration using human cells. Studies in-vitro under inflammatory conditions revealed that overexpression or gene silencing of JAM-C in human endothelium exposed to flow resulted in higher rates of monocyte reverse-transendothelial migration, similar to antibody blockade. We then transplanted atherosclerotic, plaque-containing aortic arches from hyperlipidemic ApoE-/- mice into wild-type normolipidemic recipient mice. JAM-C blockade in the recipients induced greater emigration of monocyte-derived cells and further diminished the size of atherosclerotic plaques. Our findings have shown that JAM-C forms a one-way vascular barrier for leukocyte transendothelial migration only when present at homeostatic copy numbers. We have also shown that blocking JAM-C can reduce the number of atherogenic monocytes/macrophages in plaques by emigration, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F. Bradfield
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Arjun Menon
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, United States of America
| | - Marijana Miljkovic-Licina
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Boris P. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fischer
- NovImmune S.A., 14 chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Richard J. Fish
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brenda Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, United States of America
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, rue Michel Servet 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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23
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Economopoulou M, Avramovic N, Klotzsche-von Ameln A, Korovina I, Sprott D, Samus M, Gercken B, Troullinaki M, Grossklaus S, Funk RH, Li X, Imhof BA, Orlova VV, Chavakis T. Endothelial-specific deficiency of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C promotes vessel normalisation in proliferative retinopathy. Thromb Haemost 2015; 114:1241-9. [PMID: 26311310 DOI: 10.1160/th15-01-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In proliferative retinopathies, like proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the hypoxia response is sustained by the failure of the retina to revascularise its ischaemic areas. Non-resolving retina ischaemia/hypoxia results in upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors and pathologic neovascularisation with ectopic, fragile neovessels. Promoting revascularisation of the retinal avascular area could interfere with this vicious cycle and lead to vessel normalisation. Here, we examined the function of endothelial junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) in the context of ROP. Endothelial-specific JAM-C-deficient (EC-JAM-C KO) mice and littermate JAM-C-proficient (EC-JAM-C WT) mice were subjected to the ROP model. An increase in total retinal vascularisation was found at p17 owing to endothelial JAM-C deficiency, which was the result of enhanced revascularisation and vessel normalisation, thereby leading to significantly reduced avascular area in EC-JAM-C KO mice. In contrast, pathologic neovessel formation was not affected by endothelial JAM-C deficiency. Consistent with improved vessel normalisation, tip cell formation at the interface between vascular and avascular area was higher in EC-JAM-C KO mice, as compared to their littermate controls. Consistently, JAM-C inactivation in endothelial cells resulted in increased spreading on fibronectin and enhanced sprouting in vitro in a manner dependent on β1-integrin and on the activation of the small GTPase RAP1. Together, endothelial deletion of JAM-C promoted endothelial cell sprouting, and consequently vessel normalisation and revascularisation of the hypoxic retina without altering pathologic neovascularisation. Thus, targeting endothelial JAM-C may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for promoting revascularisation and vessel normalisation in the treatment of proliferative retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Economopoulou
- Matina Economopoulou, Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany, Tel.: +49 351 45819291, E-mail:
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24
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Blocking junctional adhesion molecule C enhances dendritic cell migration and boosts the immune responses against Leishmania major. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004550. [PMID: 25474593 PMCID: PMC4256467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of dendritic cells to sites of infections and their migration to lymph nodes is fundamental for antigen processing and presentation to T cells. In the present study, we showed that antibody blockade of junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) on endothelial cells removed JAM-C away from junctions and increased vascular permeability after L. major infection. This has multiple consequences on the output of the immune response. In resistant C57BL/6 and susceptible BALB/c mice, we found higher numbers of innate immune cells migrating from blood to the site of infection. The subsequent migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the skin to the draining lymph node was also improved, thereby boosting the induction of the adaptive immune response. In C57BL/6 mice, JAM-C blockade after L. major injection led to an enhanced IFN-γ dominated T helper 1 (Th1) response with reduced skin lesions and parasite burden. Conversely, anti JAM-C treatment increased the IL-4-driven T helper 2 (Th2) response in BALB/c mice with disease exacerbation. Overall, our results show that JAM-C blockade can finely-tune the innate cell migration and accelerate the consequent immune response to L. major without changing the type of the T helper cell response. Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted to humans through sand fly bites. Clinical symptoms vary from self-healing cutaneous lesions to death. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is particularly studied in mice inoculated with Leishmania major. In this model, some strains (e.g. C57BL/6) are resistant due to a Th1 immune response promoting parasite killing. Conversely, other strains (e.g. BALB/c) are susceptible due to a nonprotective Th2 response. DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells that educate antigen-specific T cells. Improving the migration of DCs from the site of infection to the lymph nodes, where T cells reside, may improve the T cell response. JAM-C is a vascular adhesion molecule implicated in leukocyte migration in different inflammatory models. We found that JAM-C blockade with antibodies increases vascular permeability and consequently improves the migration of DCs to sites of infection and draining lymph nodes. This increased leukocyte migration boosted the induction of the Th1 response in resistant mice, while in susceptible mice the Th2 response was augmented. This led to disease improvement or exacerbation, respectively. Our results illustrate the key role of a vascular adhesion molecule in controlling leukocyte migration and the subsequent immune events in response to pathogen infections.
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Wittchen ES, Aghajanian A, Burridge K. Isoform-specific differences between Rap1A and Rap1B GTPases in the formation of endothelial cell junctions. Small GTPases 2014; 2:65-76. [PMID: 21776404 DOI: 10.4161/sgtp.2.2.15735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 is a Ras-like GTPase that has been studied with respect to its role in cadherin-based cell adhesion. Rap1 exists as two separate isoforms, Rap1A and Rap1B, which are 95% identical and yet the phenotype of the isoform-specific knockout mice is different. We and others have previously identified a role for Rap1 in regulating endothelial adhesion, junctional integrity and barrier function; however, these early studies did not distinguish a relative role for each isoform. To dissect the individual contribution of each isoform in regulating the endothelial barrier, we utilized an engineered microRNA-based approach to silence Rap1A, Rap1B or both, then analyzed barrier properties of the endothelium. Electrical impedance sensing experiments show that Rap1A is the predominant isoform involved in endothelial cell junction formation. Quantification of monolayer integrity by VE-cadherin staining revealed that knockdown of Rap1A, but not Rap1B, increased the number of gaps in the confluent monolayer. This loss of monolayer integrity could be rescued by re-expression of exogenous Rap1A protein. Expression of GFP-tagged Rap1A or 1B revealed quantifiable differences in localization of each isoform, with the junctional pool of Rap1A being greater. The junctional protein AF-6 also co-immunoprecipitates more strongly with expressed GFP-Rap1A. Our results show that Rap1A is the more critical isoform in the context of endothelial barrier function, indicating that some cellular processes differentially utilize Rap1A and 1B isoforms. Studying how Rap1 isoforms differentially regulate EC junctions may thus reveal new targets for developing therapeutic strategies during pathological situations where endothelial barrier disruption leads to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S Wittchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Marcos-Ramiro B, García-Weber D, Millán J. TNF-induced endothelial barrier disruption: beyond actin and Rho. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:1088-102. [PMID: 25078148 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The decrease of endothelial barrier function is central to the long-term inflammatory response. A pathological alteration of the ability of endothelial cells to modulate the passage of cells and solutes across the vessel underlies the development of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and multiple sclerosis. The inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) mediates changes in the barrier properties of the endothelium. TNF activates different Rho GTPases, increases filamentous actin and remodels endothelial cell morphology. However, inhibition of actin-mediated remodelling is insufficient to prevent endothelial barrier disruption in response to TNF, suggesting that additional molecular mechanisms are involved. Here we discuss, first, the pivotal role of Rac-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulate the integrity of endothelial cell-cell junctions and, second, the ability of endothelial adhesion receptors such as ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and PECAM-1, involved in leukocyte transendothelial migration, to control endothelial permeability to small molecules, often through ROS generation. These adhesion receptors regulate endothelial barrier function in ways both dependent on and independent of their engagement by immune cells, and orchestrate the crosstalk between leukocyte transendothelial migration and endothelial permeability during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Millán
- Jaime Millán, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, C/ Nicolás Cabrera 1, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Tel.: +34 911964713, Fax: +34 911964420, E-mail:
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Saker S, Stewart E, Browning A, Allen C, Amoaku W. The effect of hyperglycaemia on permeability and the expression of junctional complex molecules in human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2014; 121:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Garrido-Urbani S, Bradfield PF, Imhof BA. Tight junction dynamics: the role of junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs). Cell Tissue Res 2014; 355:701-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Goddard LM, Iruela-Arispe ML. Cellular and molecular regulation of vascular permeability. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:407-15. [PMID: 23389236 DOI: 10.1160/th12-09-0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular permeability is a highly coordinated process that integrates vesicular trafficking, complex junctional rearrangements, and refined cytoskeletal dynamics. In response to the extracellular environment, these three cellular activities have been previously assumed to work in parallel to regulate the passage of solutes between the blood and tissues. New developments in the area of vascular permeability, however have highlighted the interdependence between trans- and para-cellular pathways, the cross-communication between adherens and tight junctions, and the instructional role of pericytes on endothelial expression of barrier-related genes. Additionally, significant effort has been placed in understanding the molecular underpinings that contribute to barrier restoration following acute permeability events and in clarifying the importance of context-dependent signaling initiated by permeability mediators. Finally, recent findings have uncovered an unpredicted role for transcription factors in the coordination of vascular permeability and clarified how junctional complexes can transmit signals to the nucleus to control barrier function. The goal of this review is to provide a concise and updated view of vascular permeability, discuss the most recent advances in molecular and cellular regulation, and introduce integrated information on the central mechanisms involved in trans-endothelial transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Goddard
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Doñate C, Ody C, McKee T, Ruault-Jungblut S, Fischer N, Ropraz P, Imhof BA, Matthes T. Homing of human B cells to lymphoid organs and B-cell lymphoma engraftment are controlled by cell adhesion molecule JAM-C. Cancer Res 2012; 73:640-51. [PMID: 23221386 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule C (JAM-C) is expressed by vascular endothelium and human but not mouse B lymphocytes. The level of JAM-C expression defines B-cell differentiation stages and allows the classification of marginal zone-derived (JAM-C-positive) and germinal center-derived (JAM-C-negative) B-cell lymphomas. In the present study, we investigated the role of JAM-C in homing of human B cells, using a xenogeneic nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mouse model. Treatment with anti-JAM-C antibodies in short-term experiments reduced migration of normal and malignant JAM-C-expressing B cells to bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Blocking homing to the spleen is remarkable, as most other antiadhesion antibodies reduce homing of B cells only to bone marrow and lymph nodes. Long-term administration of anti-JAM-C antibodies prevented engraftment of JAM-Cpos lymphoma cells in bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes of mice. Plasmon resonance studies identified JAM-B as the major ligand for JAM-C, whereas homotypic JAM-C interactions remained at background levels. Accordingly, anti-JAM-C antibodies blocked adhesion of JAM-C-expressing B cells to their ligand JAM-B, and immunofluorescence analysis showed the expression of JAM-B on murine and human lymphatic endothelial cells. Targeting JAM-C could thus constitute a new therapeutic strategy to prevent lymphoma cells from reaching supportive microenvironments not only in the bone marrow and lymph nodes but also in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Doñate
- Hematology Service, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wyss L, Schäfer J, Liebner S, Mittelbronn M, Deutsch U, Enzmann G, Adams RH, Aurrand-Lions M, Plate KH, Imhof BA, Engelhardt B. Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C deficient C57BL/6 mice develop a severe hydrocephalus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45619. [PMID: 23029139 PMCID: PMC3445510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C is a widely expressed adhesion molecule regulating cell adhesion, cell polarity and inflammation. JAM-C expression and function in the central nervous system (CNS) has been poorly characterized to date. Here we show that JAM-C−/− mice backcrossed onto the C57BL/6 genetic background developed a severe hydrocephalus. An in depth immunohistochemical study revealed specific immunostaining for JAM-C in vascular endothelial cells in the CNS parenchyma, the meninges and in the choroid plexus of healthy C57BL/6 mice. Additional JAM-C immunostaining was detected on ependymal cells lining the ventricles and on choroid plexus epithelial cells. Despite the presence of hemorrhages in the brains of JAM-C−/− mice, our study demonstrates that development of the hydrocephalus was not due to a vascular function of JAM-C as endothelial re-expression of JAM-C failed to rescue the hydrocephalus phenotype of JAM-C−/− C57BL/6 mice. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation within the ventricular system of JAM-C−/− mice excluded occlusion of the cerebral aqueduct as the cause of hydrocephalus development but showed the acquisition of a block or reduction of CSF drainage from the lateral to the 3rd ventricle in JAM-C−/− C57BL/6 mice. Taken together, our study suggests that JAM-C−/− C57BL/6 mice model the important role for JAM-C in brain development and CSF homeostasis as recently observed in humans with a loss-of-function mutation in JAM-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wyss
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julia Schäfer
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger Institute, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger Institute, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Urban Deutsch
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gaby Enzmann
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Karl H. Plate
- Edinger Institute, Goethe University Medical School, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Beat A. Imhof
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CMU, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Britta Engelhardt
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecules are transmembrane proteins that belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to their localization in close proximity to the tight junctions in endothelial and epithelial cells, junctional adhesion molecules are also expressed in circulating cells that do not form junctions, such as leukocytes and platelets. As a consequence, these proteins are associated not only with the permeability-regulating barrier function of the tight junctions, but also with other biologic processes, such as inflammatory reactions, responses to vascular injury, and tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, because of their transmembrane topology, junctional adhesion molecules are poised both for receiving inputs from the cell interior (their expression, localization, and function being regulated in response to inflammatory cytokines and growth factors) and for translating extracellular adhesive events into functional responses. This review focuses on the different roles of junctional adhesion molecules in normal and pathologic conditions, with emphasis on inflammatory reactions and vascular responses to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Bazzoni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy.
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Langer HF, Orlova VV, Xie C, Kaul S, Schneider D, Lonsdorf AS, Fahrleitner M, Choi EY, Dutoit V, Pellegrini M, Grossklaus S, Nawroth PP, Baretton G, Santoso S, Hwang ST, Arnold B, Chavakis T. A novel function of junctional adhesion molecule-C in mediating melanoma cell metastasis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4096-105. [PMID: 21593193 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hematogenous dissemination of melanoma is a life-threatening complication of this malignant tumor. Here, we identified junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) as a novel player in melanoma metastasis to the lung. JAM-C expression was identified in human and murine melanoma cell lines, in human malignant melanoma, as well as in metastatic melanoma including melanoma lung metastasis. JAM-C expressed on both murine B16 melanoma cells as well as on endothelial cells promoted the transendothelial migration of the melanoma cells. We generated mice with inactivation of JAM-C. JAM-C(-/-) mice as well as endothelial-specific JAM-C-deficient mice displayed significantly decreased B16 melanoma cell metastasis to the lung, whereas treatment of mice with soluble JAM-C prevented melanoma lung metastasis. Together, JAM-C represents a novel therapeutic target for melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald F Langer
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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The integrin coactivator kindlin-2 plays a critical role in angiogenesis in mice and zebrafish. Blood 2011; 117:4978-87. [PMID: 21378273 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-11-321182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kindlin-2, a widely distributed cytoskeletal protein, has been implicated in integrin activation, and its absence is embryonically lethal in mice and causes severe developmental defects in zebrafish. Knockdown of kindlin-2 levels in endothelial cells resulted in defective adhesive and migratory responses, suggesting that angiogenesis might be aberrant even with partial reduction of kindlin-2. This hypothesis has now been tested in the kindlin-2(+/-) mice. RM1 prostate tumors grown in kindlin-2(+/-) mice had fewer blood vessels, which were thinner and shorter and supported less tumor growth compared with wild-type littermates. The vessels that did form in the kindlin-2(+/-) mice lacked smooth muscle cells and pericytes and had thinner basement membranes, indicative of immature vessels. VEGF-induced angiogenesis in matrigel implants was also abnormal in the kindlin-2(+/-) mice. Vessels in the kindlin-2(+/-) mice were leaky, and BM transplantation from kindlin-2(+/-) to WT mice did not correct this defect. Endothelial cells derived from kindlin-2(+/-) mice had integrin expression levels similar to WT mice but reduced αVβ3-dependent signaling, migration, adhesion, spreading, and tube formation. Developmental angiogenesis was markedly impaired by kindlin-2 morpholinos in zebrafish. Taken together, kindlin-2 plays an important role in pathologic and developmental angiogenesis, which arises from defective activation of integrin αVβ3.
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Mochida GH, Ganesh VS, Felie JM, Gleason D, Hill RS, Clapham KR, Rakiec D, Tan WH, Akawi N, Al-Saffar M, Partlow JN, Tinschert S, Barkovich AJ, Ali B, Al-Gazali L, Walsh CA. A homozygous mutation in the tight-junction protein JAM3 causes hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:882-9. [PMID: 21109224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight junction, or zonula occludens, is a specialized cell-cell junction that regulates epithelial and endothelial permeability, and it is an essential component of the blood-brain barrier in the cerebrovascular endothelium. In addition to functioning as a diffusion barrier, tight junctions are also involved in signal transduction. In this study, we identified a homozygous mutation in the tight-junction protein gene JAM3 in a large consanguineous family from the United Arab Emirates. Some members of this family had a rare autosomal-recessive syndrome characterized by severe hemorrhagic destruction of the brain, subependymal calcification, and congenital cataracts. Their clinical presentation overlaps with some reported cases of pseudo-TORCH syndrome as well as with cases involving mutations in occludin, another component of the tight-junction complex. However, massive intracranial hemorrhage distinguishes these patients from others. Homozygosity mapping identified the disease locus in this family on chromosome 11q25 with a maximum multipoint LOD score of 6.15. Sequence analysis of genes in the candidate interval uncovered a mutation in the canonical splice-donor site of intron 5 of JAM3. RT-PCR analysis of a patient lymphoblast cell line confirmed abnormal splicing, leading to a frameshift mutation with early termination. JAM3 is known to be present in vascular endothelium, although its roles in cerebral vasculature have not been implicated. Our results suggest that JAM3 is essential for maintaining the integrity of the cerebrovascular endothelium as well as for normal lens development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganeshwaran H Mochida
- Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Prakash SK, LeMaire SA, Guo DC, Russell L, Regalado ES, Golabbakhsh H, Johnson RJ, Safi HJ, Estrera AL, Coselli JS, Bray MS, Leal SM, Milewicz DM, Belmont JW. Rare copy number variants disrupt genes regulating vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion and contractility in sporadic thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:743-56. [PMID: 21092924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) cause significant morbidity and mortality, but the genetic origins of TAAD remain largely unknown. In a genome-wide analysis of 418 sporadic TAAD cases, we identified 47 copy number variant (CNV) regions that were enriched in or unique to TAAD patients compared to population controls. Gene ontology, expression profiling, and network analysis showed that genes within TAAD CNVs regulate smooth muscle cell adhesion or contractility and interact with the smooth muscle-specific isoforms of α-actin and β-myosin, which are known to cause familial TAAD when altered. Enrichment of these gene functions in rare CNVs was replicated in independent cohorts with sporadic TAAD (STAAD, n = 387) and inherited TAAD (FTAAD, n = 88). The overall prevalence of rare CNVs (23%) was significantly increased in FTAAD compared with STAAD patients (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.03). Our findings suggest that rare CNVs disrupting smooth muscle adhesion or contraction contribute to both sporadic and familial disease.
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Regulation of angiogenesis by a small GTPase Rap1. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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