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Chen D, Li K, Wei LL, Ma N, McVey JH, Dorling A. Neointimal hyperplasia after endoluminal injury in mice is dependent on tissue factor- and angiopoietin-2 dependent interferon gamma production by fibrocytes and macrophages. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345199. [PMID: 38911855 PMCID: PMC11190261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The intimal hyperplasia (IH) and vascular remodelling that follows endovascular injury, for instance after post-angioplasty re-stenosis, results in downstream ischaemia and progressive end organ damage. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is known to play a critical role in this process. In mouse models we have previously shown that fibrocytes expressing tissue factor (TF) are recruited early to the site of injury. Through thrombin generation and protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) activation, fibrocytes secrete angiopoietin-2, stimulate neointimal cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and induce CXCL-12 production, all of which contribute to the progressive IH that then develops. In this study we investigated the relationship between TF, angiopoietin-2 and IFNγ. Methods and results IH developing in carotid arteries of wild-type mice 4 weeks after endoluminal injury contained a significant proportion of IFNγ+ fibrocytes and macrophages, which we show, using a previously defined adoptive transfer model, were derived from circulating CD34+ cells. IH did not develop after injury in IFNγ-deficient mice, except after transplantation of WT bone marrow or adoptive transfer of WT CD34+ cells. In vitro, CD34+ cells isolated from post-injury mice did not express IFNγ, but this was induced when provided with FVIIa and FX, and enhanced when prothrombin was also provided: In both cases IFNγ secretion was TF-dependent and mediated mainly through protease activated PAR-1. IFNγ was predominantly expressed by fibrocytes. In vivo, all IFNγ+ neointimal cells in WT mice co-expressed angiopoietin-2, as did the small numbers of neointimal cells recruited in IFNγ-/- mice. Adoptively transferred WT CD34+ cells treated with either an anti-TIE-2 antibody, or with siRNA against angiopoetin-2 inhibited the expression of IFNγ and the development of IH. Conclusion TF-dependent angiopoietin-2 production by newly recruited fibrocytes, and to a lesser extent macrophages, switches on IFNγ expression, and this is necessary for the IH to develop. These novel findings enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of IH and expose potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Chen
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wei
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiatong University, Xi’an, China
| | - John H. McVey
- School of Bioscience & Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, Guy’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Peng Q, Nowocin A, Ratnasothy K, Smith RA, Smyth LA, Lechler RI, Dorling A, Lombardi G. Inhibition of thrombin on endothelium enhances recruitment of regulatory T cells during IRI and when combined with adoptive Treg transfer, significantly protects against acute tissue injury and prolongs allograft survival. Front Immunol 2023; 13:980462. [PMID: 36793549 PMCID: PMC9924086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) amplifies T cell alloimmune responses after transplantation with thrombin playing a key pro-inflammatory role. To explore the influence of thrombin on regulatory T cell recruitment and efficacy we used a well-established model of IRI in the native murine kidney. Administration of the cytotopic thrombin inhibitor PTL060 inhibited IRI, and by skewing expression of chemokines (reducing CCL2 and CCL3 but increasing CCL17 and CCL22) increased the infiltration of M2 macrophages and Tregs. When PTL060 was combined with infusion of additional Tregs, these effects were further amplified. To test the benefits of thrombin inhibition in a transplant model, BALB/c hearts were transplanted into B6 mice with or without perfusion with PTL060 in combination with Tregs. Thrombin inhibition or Treg infusion alone led to small increments in allograft survival. However, the combined therapy led to modest graft prolongation by the same mechanisms as in renal IRI; graft survival was accompanied by increased numbers of Tregs and anti-inflammatory macrophages, and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. While the grafts succumbed to rejection associated with the emergence of alloantibody, these data suggest that thrombin inhibition within the transplant vasculature enhances the efficacy of Treg infusion, a therapy that is currently entering the clinic to promote transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Nowocin
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kulachelvy Ratnasothy
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Smith
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley A. Smyth
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert I. Lechler
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Centre for Nephrology, Urology and Transplantation, School of Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Giovanna Lombardi,
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Jeong Y, Yao Y, Yim EKF. Current understanding of intimal hyperplasia and effect of compliance in synthetic small diameter vascular grafts. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:4383-4395. [PMID: 32643723 PMCID: PMC7452756 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite much effort, synthetic small diameter vascular grafts still face limited success due to vascular wall thickening known as intimal hyperplasia (IH). Compliance mismatch between graft and native vessels has been proposed to be one of a key mechanical factors of synthetic vascular grafts that could contribute to the formation of IH. While many methods have been developed to determine compliance both in vivo and in vitro, the effects of compliance mismatch still remain uncertain. This review aims to explain the biomechanical factors that are responsible for the formation and development of IH and their relationship with compliance mismatch. Furthermore, this review will address the current methods used to measure compliance both in vitro and in vivo. Lastly, current limitations in understanding the connection between the compliance of vascular grafts and the role it plays in the development and progression of IH will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeJin Jeong
- Department of Chemical engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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4
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Chen D, Li K, Tham EL, Wei LL, Ma N, Dodd PC, Luo Y, Kirchhofer D, McVey JH, Dorling A. Inhibition of Angiopoietin-2 Production by Myofibrocytes Inhibits Neointimal Hyperplasia After Endoluminal Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1517. [PMID: 30013567 PMCID: PMC6036182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are myeloid lineage cells implicated in wound healing, repair, and fibrosis. We previously showed that fibrocytes are mobilized into the circulation after vascular injury, including the immune-mediated injury that occurs after allogeneic transplantation. A common response to inflammatory vascular injury is intimal hyperplasia (IH), which, alongside vascular remodeling, results in progressive loss of blood flow, downstream ischemia, and end-organ fibrosis. This forms the pathological basis of transplant arteriosclerosis and other diseases including post-angioplasty re-stenosis. In investigating whether fibrocytes contribute to IH, we previously showed that subpopulations expressing smooth muscle actin and CD31 are recruited to the site of injury and accumulate in the neointima. Expression of tissue factor (TF) by these "CD31+ myofibrocytes" is needed for progressive neointimal expansion, such that TF inhibition limits the neointima to a single layer of cells by day 28 post-injury. The aim of this study was to determine pathophysiological mediators downstream of TF that contribute to myofibrocyte-orchestrated IH. We first show that myofibrocytes make up a significant component of the neointima 28 days following injury. Using a previously defined adoptive transfer model, we then show that CD31+ myofibrocytes get recruited early to the site of injury; this model allows manipulations of the adoptively transferred cells to study how IH develops. Having confirmed that inhibition of TF on adoptively transferred cells prevents IH, we then show that TF, primarily through the generation of thrombin, induces secretion of angiopoietin-2 by myofibrocytes and this directly stimulates proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and induces CXCL-12 production by neointimal cells, including non-fibrocytes, all of which promote progressive IH in vivo. Prior incubation to inhibit angiopoietin-2 secretion by or block TIE-2 signaling on adoptively transferred fibrocytes inhibits IH. These novel data indicate that angiopoietin-2 production by early recruited myofibrocytes critically influences the development of IH after vascular injury and suggest new therapeutic avenues for exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxin Chen
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Li
- Medical Research Centre, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - El-Li Tham
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lin-Lin Wei
- Medical Research Centre, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Medical Research Centre, Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Philippa C Dodd
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daniel Kirchhofer
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John H McVey
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Bioscience and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Dorling
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Diao Y, Mohandas R, Lee P, Liu Z, Sautina L, Mu W, Li S, Wen X, Croker B, Segal MS. Effects of Long-Term Type I Interferon on the Arterial Wall and Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells Differentiation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:266-73. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanpeng Diao
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Rajesh Mohandas
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Pui Lee
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Larysa Sautina
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Mu
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Shiyu Li
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Xuerong Wen
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Byron Croker
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
| | - Mark S. Segal
- From the Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation (Y.D., R.M., P.L., L.S., W.M., S.L., X.W., M.S.S.) and Department of Pathology (B.C.), University of Florida, Gainesville; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville (R.M., B.C., M.S.S.); and Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The 2nd Teaching Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Z.L.)
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Abstract
A series of studies has been presented in the search for proof of circulating and resident vascular progenitor cells, which can differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells and pericytes in animal and human studies. In terms of pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, iPS, and partial-iPS cells, they display a great potential for vascular lineage differentiation. Development of stem cell therapy for treatment of vascular and ischemic diseases remains a major challenging research field. At the present, there is a clear expansion of research into mechanisms of stem cell differentiation into vascular lineages that are tested in animal models. Although there are several clinical trials ongoing that primarily focus on determining the benefits of stem cell transplantation in ischemic heart or peripheral ischemic tissues, intensive investigation for translational aspects of stem cell therapy would be needed. It is a hope that stem cell therapy for vascular diseases could be developed for clinic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (Q.X.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (Q.X.).
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Chen D, Ma L, Tham EL, Maresh S, Lechler RI, McVey JH, Dorling A. Fibrocytes mediate intimal hyperplasia post-vascular injury and are regulated by two tissue factor-dependent mechanisms. J Thromb Haemost 2013; 11:963-74. [PMID: 23516969 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD34(+) α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)(+) cells mediate intimal hyperplasia (IH) after mechanical endoluminal injury. We previously found that IH is tissue factor (TF) dependent. The precise phenotype of the CD34(+) cells mediating IH is unknown and the mechanisms of TF are also unknown. OBJECTIVE To define the phenotype of cells mediating IH and compare the effects of inhibiting TF on different subsets of CD34(+) cells. METHODS Endoluminal injury was induced in C57BL/6 and two strains of mice expressing a human tissue factor pathway inhibitor (hTFPI) fusion protein on different subsets of CD34(+) cells. Confocal microscopy, immunocytofluorescence and real-time PCR were used to determine phenotype. RESULTS Neointimal cells in C57BL/6 mice were defined as a subset of fibrocytes (CD34(+) CD45(+) collagen-1(+) ) expressing SMA, CD31, TIE-2, CXCR4 and CXCL12. Similar cells circulated post-injury and were also found in mice expressing hTFPI on CD34(+) CD31(+) cells, though in these mice, hTFPI inhibited CD31(+) fibrocyte hyperplasia, so no IH developed. Mice with hTFPI on all CD34(+) α-SMA(+) cells repaired arteries back to a pre-injured state. No CD31(+) fibrocytes were found in these mice unless an anti-hTFPI antibody was administered. Similar findings in protease activated receptor (PAR)-1-deficient mice suggested hTFPI prevented thrombin signaling through PAR-1. In vitro, thrombin increased the number of CD31(+) fibrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of TF on CD31(+) fibrocytes inhibits IH whereas inhibition on all CD34(+) α-SMA(+) cells (or PAR-1 deficiency) inhibits the appearance of CD31(+) fibrocytes and promotes repair. These data enhance our understanding of IH and suggest novel ways to promote regenerative repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chen
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
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Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia is the leading cause of long-term failure in coronary artery bypass vein grafting, coronary artery stenting, angioplasty, arteriovenous fistula for dialysis, and allograft transplantation. Intimal hyperplasia is a product of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration through the internal elastic lamina, and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins driven by growth factors in the vasculature. This vascular pathology results in a progressive diminution of the vessel lumen and serves as a site for thrombosis and atherosclerotic lesions. A key cell type in the initiation of intimal hyperplasia is the vascular endothelial cell, which appears to have down-stream effects on the vascular smooth muscle proliferation and migration. Currently, the only means available for prevention of intimal hyperplasia is through inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) with the immunosuppressant rapamycin. mTOR integrates up-stream signals from growth factors such as IL-2 and senses the cellular nutrient and energy levels and redox status. This presentation will discuss the potential means of preserving the vascular endothelial cell and, thereby, reducing the development of intimal hyperplasia in our open-heart surgical patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Mills
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - T Robb
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - DF Larson
- Circulatory Sciences Graduate Perfusion Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Delacroix S, Simari RD. Tissue Factor-Thrombin–PAR-1 Pathway: A Novel Link Between Bone Marrow and Blood Vessel. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:3-4. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.240507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinny Delacroix
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.D., R.D.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robert D. Simari
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (S.D., R.D.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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