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Song T, Cerruti M. Unraveling the role of carboxylate groups and elastin particle size in medial calcification. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133267. [PMID: 38906359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
While it is known that calcium phosphate (CaP) minerals deposit in elastin-rich medial layers of arteries during medial calcification, their nucleation and growth sites are still debated. Neutral carbonyl groups and carboxylate groups are possible candidates. Also, while it is known that elastin degradation leads to calcification, it is unclear whether this is due to formation of new carboxylate groups or elastin fragmentation. In this work, we disentangle effects of carboxylate groups and particle size on elastin calcification; in doing so, we shed light on CaP mineralization sites on elastin. We find carboxylate groups accelerate calcification only in early stages; they mainly function as Ca2+ ion chelation sites but not calcification sites. Their presence promotes formation (likely on Ca2+ ions adsorbed on nearby carbonyl groups) of CaP minerals with high calcium-to-phosphate ratio as intermediate phases. Larger elastin particles calcify slower but reach similar amounts of CaP minerals in late stages; they promote direct formation of hydroxyapatite and CaP minerals with low calcium-to-phosphate ratio as intermediate phases. This work provides new perspectives on how carboxylate groups and elastin particle size influence calcification; these parameters can be tuned to study the mechanism of medial calcification and design drugs to inhibit the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Song
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
| | - Marta Cerruti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada.
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2
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Jansen I, Cahalane R, Hengst R, Akyildiz A, Farrell E, Gijsen F, Aikawa E, van der Heiden K, Wissing T. The interplay of collagen, macrophages, and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaque cap rupture mechanics. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:193-213. [PMID: 38329498 PMCID: PMC11008085 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-024-01033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque cap overlying a lipid pool and/or necrotic core can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. In essence, the rupture of the plaque cap is a mechanical event, which occurs when the local stress exceeds the local tissue strength. However, due to inter- and intra-cap heterogeneity, the resulting ultimate cap strength varies, causing proper assessment of the plaque at risk of rupture to be lacking. Important players involved in tissue strength include the load-bearing collagenous matrix, macrophages, as major promoters of extracellular matrix degradation, and microcalcifications, deposits that can exacerbate local stress, increasing tissue propensity for rupture. This review summarizes the role of these components individually in tissue mechanics, along with the interplay between them. We argue that to be able to improve risk assessment, a better understanding of the effect of these individual components, as well as their reciprocal relationships on cap mechanics, is required. Finally, we discuss potential future steps, including a holistic multidisciplinary approach, multifactorial 3D in vitro model systems, and advancements in imaging techniques. The obtained knowledge will ultimately serve as input to help diagnose, prevent, and treat atherosclerotic cap rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Cahalane
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group (MMDRG), Biomedical Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranmadusha Hengst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Akyildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Gijsen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Biomechanical Engineering, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Wang C, Liang Q, He S, Zhu J, Lin X, Lin G, Wu D, Zhang W, Wang Z. Role of inflammation and immunity in vascular calcification: a bibliometric and visual analysis, 2000-2022. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1258230. [PMID: 37965089 PMCID: PMC10642504 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1258230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on vascular calcification (VC), and inflammation and immunity have been displayed to play important roles in the mechanism of VC. However, to date, no comprehensive or systematic bibliometric analyses have been conducted on this topic. Methods Articles and reviews on the roles of inflammation and immunity in VC were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection on August 5, 2022. Four scientometric software packages-HistCite, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and R-bibliometrix-were used for the bibliometric and knowledge mapping analyses. Results The obtained 1,868 papers were published in 627 academic journals by 9,595 authors of 2,217 institutions from 69 countries. The annual number of publications showed a clear growth trend. The USA and China were the most productive countries. Karolinska Institutet, Harvard University, and the University of Washington were the most active institutions. Stenvinkel P published the most articles, whereas Demer LL received the most citations. Atherosclerosis published the most papers, while Circulation was the most highly cited journal. The largest cluster among the 22 clusters, based on the analysis of co-citations, was osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation. "Vascular calcification," "inflammation," "chronic kidney disease," and "expression" were the main keywords in the field. The keyword "extracellular vesicle" attracted great attention in recent years with the strongest citation burst. Conclusions Osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation is the primary research topic in this field. Extracellular vesicles are expected to become a new research focus for exploring the inflammatory and immune mechanisms of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qingchun Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiafei Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Guanwen Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Duozhi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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4
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Jansen I, Crielaard H, Wissing T, Bouten C, Gijsen F, Akyildiz AC, Farrell E, van der Heiden K. A tissue-engineered model of the atherosclerotic plaque cap: Toward understanding the role of microcalcifications in plaque rupture. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:036120. [PMID: 37786532 PMCID: PMC10541963 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rupture of the cap of an atherosclerotic plaque can lead to thrombotic cardiovascular events. It has been suggested, through computational models, that the presence of microcalcifications in the atherosclerotic cap can increase the risk of cap rupture. However, the experimental confirmation of this hypothesis is still lacking. In this study, we have developed a novel tissue-engineered model to mimic the atherosclerotic fibrous cap with microcalcifications and assess the impact of microcalcifications on cap mechanics. First, human carotid plaque caps were analyzed to determine the distribution, size, and density of microcalcifications in real cap tissue. Hydroxyapatite particles with features similar to real cap microcalcifications were used as microcalcification mimics. Injected clusters of hydroxyapatite particles were embedded in a fibrin gel seeded with human myofibroblasts which deposited a native-like collagenous matrix around the particles, during the 21-day culture period. Second harmonic multiphoton microscopy imaging revealed higher local collagen fiber dispersion in regions of hydroxyapatite clusters. Tissue-engineered caps with hydroxyapatite particles demonstrated lower stiffness and ultimate tensile stress than the control group samples under uniaxial tensile loading, suggesting increased rupture risk in atherosclerotic plaques with microcalcifications. This model supports previous computational findings regarding a detrimental role for microcalcifications in cap rupture risk and can further be deployed to elucidate tissue mechanics in pathologies with calcifying soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Jansen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke Crielaard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Wissing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim van der Heiden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thorax Center Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Bakhshian Nik A, Ng HH, Ashbrook SK, Sun P, Iacoviello F, Shearing PR, Bertazzo S, Mero D, Khomtchouk BB, Hutcheson JD. Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition prevents vascular calcifying extracellular vesicle biogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 324:H553-H570. [PMID: 36827229 PMCID: PMC10042607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00280.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, including vascular calcification, leading to higher mortality. The release of calcifying extracellular vesicles (EVs) by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) promotes ectopic mineralization of vessel walls. Caveolin-1 (CAV1), a structural protein in the plasma membrane, plays a major role in calcifying EV biogenesis in VSMCs. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) colocalizes with and influences the intracellular trafficking of CAV1. Using a diet-induced mouse model of CKD followed by a high-phosphate diet to promote vascular calcification, we assessed the potential of EGFR inhibition to prevent vascular calcification. Furthermore, we computationally analyzed 7,651 individuals in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Framingham cohorts to assess potential correlations between coronary artery calcium and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with elevated serum levels of EGFR. Mice with CKD developed widespread vascular calcification, associated with increased serum levels of EGFR. In both the CKD mice and human VSMC culture, EGFR inhibition significantly reduced vascular calcification by mitigating the release of CAV1-positive calcifying EVs. EGFR inhibition also increased bone mineral density in CKD mice. Individuals in the MESA and Framingham cohorts with SNPs associated with increased serum EGFR exhibit elevated coronary artery calcium. Given that EGFR inhibitors exhibit clinical safety and efficacy in other pathologies, the current data suggest that EGFR may represent an ideal target to prevent pathological vascular calcification in CKD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we investigate the potential of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition to prevent vascular calcification, a leading indicator of and contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. EGFR interacts and affects the trafficking of the plasma membrane scaffolding protein caveolin-1. Previous studies reported a key role for caveolin-1 in the development of specialized extracellular vesicles that mediate vascular calcification; however, no role of EGFR has been reported. We demonstrated that EGFR inhibition modulates caveolin-1 trafficking and hinders calcifying extracellular vesicle formation, which prevents vascular calcification. Given that EGFR inhibitors are clinically approved for other indications, this may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirala Bakhshian Nik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Hooi Hooi Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Sophie K Ashbrook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Patrick Sun
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Francesco Iacoviello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Shearing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deniel Mero
- Dock Therapeutics, Inc., Middletown, Delaware, United States
| | - Bohdan B Khomtchouk
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Krannert Cardiovascular Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States
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6
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Abstract
Vascular age is determined by functional and structural changes in the arterial wall. When measured by its proxy, pulse wave velocity, it has been shown to predict cardiovascular and total mortality. Disconcordance between chronological and vascular age might represent better or worse vascular health. Cell senescence is caused by oxidative stress and sustained cell replication. Senescent cells acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dysregulation of coagulation and leucocyte infiltration are observed in the aging endothelium. All of these mechanisms lead to increased vascular calcification and stiffness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can involve the vascular endothelium. It enters cells using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, which are abundant in endothelial cells. The damage this virus does to the endothelium can be direct or indirect. Indirect damage is caused by hyperinflammation. Direct damage results from effects on ACE-2 receptors. The reduction of ACE-2 levels seen during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection might cause vasoconstriction and oxidative stress. COVID-19 and vascular aging share some pathways. Due to the novelty of the virus, there is an urgent need for studies that investigate its long-term effects on vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Badaras
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania,Ignas Badaras, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius
University, M. K. Ciurlionio g. 21/27, LT-03101, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania.
| | - Agnė Laučytė-Cibulskienė
- Department of Nephrology, Skåne University
Hospital, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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7
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Hoshi R, Santos I, Bittencourt M, Dantas E, Andreão R, Mill J, Lotufo P, Benseñor I. Association of coronary artery calcium with heart rate variability in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12364. [PMID: 36856251 PMCID: PMC9974082 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data shows that the autonomic and vascular systems can influence each other. However, only a few studies have addressed this association in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether heart rate variability (HRV) was associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) in a cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). We examined baseline data from 3138 participants (aged 35 to 74 years) without previous cardiovascular disease who underwent CAC score assessment and had validated HRV recordings. Prevalent CAC was defined as a CAC score>0, and HRV analyses were performed over 5-min segments. We detected CAC score>0 in 765 (24.4%) participants. Subgroup analyses in older participants (≥49 years) adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables revealed that CAC score>0 was associated with lower values of standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (odds ratio [OR]=1.32; 95%CI: 1.05,1.65), root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) (OR=1.28; 95%CI: 1.02,1.61), and low frequency (LF) (OR=1.53, 95%CI: 1.21,1.92). Interaction analysis between HRV indices and sex in age-stratified groups revealed significant effect modification: women showed increased OR for prevalent CAC in the younger group, while for men, the associations were in the older group. In conclusion, participants aged ≥49 years with low SDNN, RMSSD, and LF values were more likely to present prevalent CAC, suggesting a complex interaction between these markers in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, our results suggested that the relationship between CAC and HRV might be sex- and age-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Hoshi
- Centro de Estudos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I.S. Santos
- Centro de Estudos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - M.S. Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - E.M. Dantas
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
| | - R.V. Andreão
- Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - J.G. Mill
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - P.A. Lotufo
- Centro de Estudos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - I.M. Benseñor
- Centro de Estudos Clínicos e Epidemiológicos do Hospital Universitário, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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8
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Ashbrook SK, Valentin Cabrera AM, Shaver M, Hutcheson JD. Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models. J Vis Exp 2023:10.3791/65013. [PMID: 36779615 PMCID: PMC10560545 DOI: 10.3791/65013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, and vascular calcification is the most significant predictor of cardiovascular events; however, there are currently no treatment or therapeutic options for vascular calcification. Calcification begins within specialized extracellular vesicles (EVs), which serve as nucleating foci by aggregating calcium and phosphate ions. This protocol describes methods for obtaining and assessing calcification in murine aortas and analyzing the associated extracted EVs. First, gross dissection of the mouse is performed to collect any relevant organs, such as the kidneys, liver, and lungs. Then, the murine aorta is isolated and excised from the aortic root to the femoral artery. Two to three aortas are then pooled and incubated in a digestive solution before undergoing ultracentrifugation to isolate the EVs of interest. Next, the mineralization potential of the EVs is determined through incubation in a high-phosphate solution and measuring the light absorbance at a wavelength of 340 nm. Finally, collagen hydrogels are used to observe the calcified mineral formation and maturation produced by the EVs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K Ashbrook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University
| | | | - Mohammad Shaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University
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9
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Role of Collagen in Vascular Calcification. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:769-778. [PMID: 35998017 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular calcification is a pathological process characterized by ectopic calcification of the vascular wall. Medial calcifications are most often associated with kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and advanced age. Intimal calcifications are associated with atherosclerosis. Collagen can regulate mineralization by binding to apatite minerals and promoting their deposition, binding to collagen receptors to initiate signal transduction, and inducing cell transdifferentiation. In the process of vascular calcification, type I collagen is not only the scaffold for mineral deposition but also a signal entity, guiding the distribution, aggregation, and nucleation of vesicles and promoting the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteochondral-like cells. In recent years, collagen has been shown to affect vascular calcification through collagen disc-domain receptors, matrix vesicles, and transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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10
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Nazifova-Tasinova NF, Atanasov AA, Pasheva MG, Yotov YT, Gerova DI, Vankova DG, Todorova MN, Ivanova DG, Kiselova-Kaneva YD, Galunska BT. Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein in patients with atrial fibrillation or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1619-1629. [PMID: 32620059 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1786130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Circulating uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (ucMGP) is possibly related to coronary arterial calcification (CAC) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the relationships between circulating ucMGP, CVD pathology and CAC and its interplay with CVD risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS ucMGP was measured in 99 CVD-patients. CAC score was determined by multislice computed tomography. Circulating ucMGP, uncarboxylated (ucOC) and carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) were assayed by ELISA kits. Vitamin-K status was evaluated by ucOC/cOC ratio. RESULTS A tendency for decreased ucMGP was observed for CAC ≥ 100 AU vs. CAC = 1-99 AU after exclusion of the patients on vitamin K-antagonist anticoagulants. Significant inverse correlations between ucMGP and vitamin-K status were indicated for the entire cohort and according to CAC score. Significant associations were found between ucMGP and risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSION Circulating ucMGP may reflect certain stages of CVD and CAC. Future studies are needed to clarify its role as potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Milena Gincheva Pasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yoto Trifonov Yotov
- First Department of Internal Diseases, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Ivanova Gerova
- Department of General Medicine and Clinical Laboratory, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Deyana Georgieva Vankova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Miglena Nikolaeva Todorova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Georgieva Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bistra Tzaneva Galunska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical university of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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11
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Zhao H, Liu H, Liu Y, Jin J, He Q, Lin B. The role of extracellular vesicles in vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:997554. [DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.997554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread vascular calcification (VC) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular disease, and VC has been identified as an independent risk factor for increased cardiovascular mortality in cases of CKD. While VC was earlier thought to be a passive deposition process following calcium and phosphorus supersaturation, recent studies have suggested that it is an active, modifiable, biological process similar to bone development. The involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the process of VC has been reported as an important transporter of material transport and intercellular communication. This paper reviews the mechanism of the role of EVs, especially exosomes, in VC and the regulation of VC by stem cell-derived EVs, and discusses the possible and promising application of related therapeutic targets in the clinical setting.
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12
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Henein MY, Vancheri S, Longo G, Vancheri F. The Role of Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12906. [PMID: 36361701 PMCID: PMC9658900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which the immune system has a prominent role in its development and progression. Inflammation-induced endothelial dysfunction results in an increased permeability to lipoproteins and their subendothelial accumulation, leukocyte recruitment, and platelets activation. Recruited monocytes differentiate into macrophages which develop pro- or anti-inflammatory properties according to their microenvironment. Atheroma progression or healing is determined by the balance between these functional phenotypes. Macrophages and smooth muscle cells secrete inflammatory cytokines including interleukins IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-6. Within the arterial wall, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol undergoes an oxidation. Additionally, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant lipoproteins exert pro-inflammatory effects. Macrophages catabolize the oxidized lipoproteins and coalesce into a lipid-rich necrotic core, encapsulated by a collagen fibrous cap, leading to the formation of fibro-atheroma. In the conditions of chronic inflammation, macrophages exert a catabolic effect on the fibrous cap, resulting in a thin-cap fibro-atheroma which makes the plaque vulnerable. However, their morphology may change over time, shifting from high-risk lesions to more stable calcified plaques. In addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors, an exposure to acute and chronic psychological stress may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease through inflammation mediated by an increased sympathetic output which results in the release of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation is also the link between ageing and cardiovascular disease through increased clones of leukocytes in peripheral blood. Anti-inflammatory interventions specifically blocking the cytokine pathways reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke, although they increase the risk of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y. Henein
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
- Institute of Environment & Health and Societies, Brunel University, Middlesex SW17 0RE, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s University, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sergio Vancheri
- Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Besançon University Hospital, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Cardiovascular and Interventional Department, S.Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
| | - Federico Vancheri
- Department of Internal Medicine, S.Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy
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13
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Khan SR. Inflammation and injury: what role do they play in the development of Randall’s plaques and formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones? CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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14
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Atkins SK, Sonawane AR, Brouwhuis R, Barrientos J, Ha A, Rogers M, Tanaka T, Okui T, Kuraoka S, Singh SA, Aikawa M, Aikawa E. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived smooth muscle cells to study cardiovascular calcification. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:925777. [PMID: 35958427 PMCID: PMC9357895 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.925777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is the lead predictor of cardiovascular events and the top cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. To date, only invasive surgical options are available to treat cardiovascular calcification despite the growing understanding of underlying pathological mechanisms. Key players in vascular calcification are vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which transform into calcifying SMCs and secrete mineralizing extracellular vesicles that form microcalcifications, subsequently increasing plaque instability and consequential plaque rupture. There is an increasing, practical need for a large scale and inexhaustible source of functional SMCs. Here we describe an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived model of SMCs by differentiating iPSCs toward SMCs to study the pathogenesis of vascular calcification. Specifically, we characterize the proteome during iPSC differentiation to better understand the cellular dynamics during this process. First, we differentiated human iPSCs toward an induced-SMC (iSMC) phenotype in a 10-day protocol. The success of iSMC differentiation was demonstrated through morphological analysis, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, and proteomics characterization. Proteomics was performed throughout the entire differentiation time course to provide a robust, well-defined starting and ending cell population. Proteomics data verified iPSC differentiation to iSMCs, and functional enrichment of proteins on different days showed the key pathways changing during iSMC development. Proteomics comparison with primary human SMCs showed a high correlation with iSMCs. After iSMC differentiation, we initiated calcification in the iSMCs by culturing the cells in osteogenic media for 17 days. Calcification was verified using Alizarin Red S staining and proteomics data analysis. This study presents an inexhaustible source of functional vascular SMCs and calcifying vascular SMCs to create an in vitro model of vascular calcification in osteogenic conditions, with high potential for future applications in cardiovascular calcification research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha K. Atkins
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abhijeet R. Sonawane
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Abhijeet R. Sonawane,
| | - Romi Brouwhuis
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Johana Barrientos
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Ha
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maximillian Rogers
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Takehito Okui
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shiori Kuraoka
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Elena Aikawa,
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Extracellular Vesicles as Drivers of Immunoinflammation in Atherothrombosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111845. [PMID: 35681540 PMCID: PMC9180657 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), small lipid-bilayer membrane vesicles released by most cellular types, exert pivotal and multifaceted roles in physiology and disease. Emerging evidence emphasizes the importance of EVs in intercellular communication processes with key effects on cell survival, endothelial homeostasis, inflammation, neoangiogenesis, and thrombosis. This review focuses on EVs as effective signaling molecules able to both derail vascular homeostasis and induce vascular dysfunction, inflammation, plaque progression, and thrombus formation as well as drive anti-inflammation, vascular repair, and atheroprotection. We provide a comprehensive and updated summary of the role of EVs in the development or regression of atherosclerotic lesions, highlighting the link between thrombosis and inflammation. Importantly, we also critically describe their potential clinical use as disease biomarkers or therapeutic agents in atherothrombosis.
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16
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Li M, Wang ZW, Fang LJ, Cheng SQ, Wang X, Liu NF. Programmed cell death in atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:467. [PMID: 35585052 PMCID: PMC9117271 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of cell death has been expanded beyond apoptosis and necrosis to additional forms, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. These cell death modalities play a critical role in all aspects of life, which are noteworthy for their diverse roles in diseases. Atherosclerosis (AS) and vascular calcification (VC) are major causes for the high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Despite considerable advances in understanding the signaling pathways associated with AS and VC, the exact molecular basis remains obscure. In the article, we review the molecular mechanisms that mediate cell death and its implications for AS and VC. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying cell death in AS and VC may drive the development of promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhen-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Li-Juan Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Shou-Quan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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17
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Novel Mesoporous Cationic Substituted Hydroxyapatite Particles for Multipurpose Applications. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-021-02175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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18
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Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1781-1791. [PMID: 34845330 PMCID: PMC8639964 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Previously, we reported that histone deacetylase 1 prevents vascular calcification, whereas its E3 ligase, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), induces vascular calcification. In the present study, we identified the upstream regulator of MDM2. By utilizing cellular models and transgenic mice, we confirmed that E3 ligase activity is required for vascular calcification. By promoter analysis, we found that both msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) bound to the MDM2 promoter region, which resulted in transcriptional activation of MDM2. The expression levels of both Msx1 and Msx2 were increased in mouse models of vascular calcification and in calcified human coronary arteries. Msx1 and Msx2 potentiated vascular calcification in cellular and mouse models in an MDM2-dependent manner. Our results establish a novel role for MSX1/MSX2 in the transcriptional activation of MDM2 and the resultant increase in MDM2 E3 ligase activity during vascular calcification. The identification of a signaling pathway involved in triggering vascular calcification, the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, could inform new therapeutic interventions for related cardiovascular complications. Vascular calcification causes significant complications in patients with metabolic syndrome, renal failure, or cardiovascular disease. In their previous work, Hyun Kook and Duk-Hwa Kwon at Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea, and coworkers demonstrated that the E3 ligase activity of a protein called MDM2 induces calcification. Now, following further mouse trials, the team have identified an upstream signaling pathway involving several development proteins such as MSX1 and MSX2 which activate MDM2. The activation of this signaling axis leads to the degradation of a key protein that would otherwise prevent calcification. The results may provide a platform for novel therapies targeting the condition.
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane particles released by most cell types in response to different stimuli. They are composed of a lipid bilayer that encloses a wide range of bioactive material, including proteins and nucleic acids. EVs have garnered increasing attention over recent years, as their role in intercellular communication has been brought to light. As such, they have been found to regulate pathophysiologic pathways like inflammation, angiogenesis, or senescence, and are therefore implicated in key aspects atherosclerosis initiation and progression. Interestingly, EVs appear to have a multifaceted role; depending on their cargo, they can either facilitate or hamper the development of atherosclerotic lesions. In this review, we examine how EVs of varying origins may be implicated in the different phases of atherosclerotic lesion development. We also discuss the need to standardize isolation and analysis procedures to fully fulfil their potential as biomarkers and therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases.
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20
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Xu X, Hua Y, Liu B, Zhou F, Wang L, Hou W. Correlation Between Calcification Characteristics of Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque and Plaque Vulnerability. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:679-690. [PMID: 34234444 PMCID: PMC8257076 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s303485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the relationship between calcification characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and lipid rich necrotic core (LRNC) and intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH). Methods Patients with severe carotid stenosis undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) were selected. Ultrasound and CT angiography (CTA) were performed to evaluate the calcification characteristics of the plaque before the surgery. Results A total of 142 patients were included and 142 pathological specimens of postoperative plaque were obtained accordingly. There were 78 plaques (54.9%) with LRNC and 41 (28.9%) with IPH. The plaque with LRNC had higher calcification rate (93.6%) compared with the plaque with IPH (87.8%). LRNC was often found in multiple calcification (P = 0.003) and mixed type calcification (P = 0.001). Multiple calcification was more likely to combine with IPH (P = 0.008), while simple basal calcification was not likely to combine IPH (P = 0.002). Smaller granular calcification was more likely to be associated with IPH (P < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis of IPH and calcification characteristics, simple basal calcification was still a protective factor for IPH (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.09–0.66; P = 0.005), while multiple calcification was closely related to the occurrence of IPH (OR, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.49–8.61; P = 0.004). Conclusion Calcification characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaques are closely related to the vulnerability of plaques, especially multiple calcification and mixed type calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, the Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hua
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fubo Zhou
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Hou
- Department of Vascular Ultrasonography, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Kutikhin AG, Feenstra L, Kostyunin AE, Yuzhalin AE, Hillebrands JL, Krenning G. Calciprotein Particles: Balancing Mineral Homeostasis and Vascular Pathology. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1607-1624. [PMID: 33691479 PMCID: PMC8057528 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton G. Kutikhin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Lian Feenstra
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander E. Kostyunin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Division of Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russian Federation (A.G.K., A.E.K., A.E.Y.)
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology (L.F., J.-L.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Guido Krenning
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology (L.F., G.K.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Sulfateq B.V., Admiraal de Ruyterlaan 5, 9726 GN, Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
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22
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Liu CJ, Cheng CW, Tsai YS, Huang HS. Crosstalk between Renal and Vascular Calcium Signaling: The Link between Nephrolithiasis and Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073590. [PMID: 33808324 PMCID: PMC8036726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important mediator of multicellular homeostasis and is involved in several diseases. The interplay among the kidney, bone, intestine, and parathyroid gland in Ca2+ homeostasis is strictly modulated by numerous hormones and signaling pathways. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G protein–coupled receptor, that is expressed in calcitropic tissues such as the parathyroid gland and the kidney, plays a pivotal role in Ca2+ regulation. CaSR is important for renal Ca2+, as a mutation in this receptor leads to hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis. In addition, CaSR is also widely expressed in the vascular system, including vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and participates in the process of vascular calcification. Aberrant Ca2+ sensing by the kidney and VSMCs, owing to altered CaSR expression or function, is associated with the formation of nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification. Based on emerging epidemiological evidence, patients with nephrolithiasis have a higher risk of vascular calcification, but the exact mechanism linking the two conditions is unclear. However, a dysregulation in Ca2+ homeostasis and dysfunction in CaSR might be the connection between the two. This review summarizes renal calcium handling and calcium signaling in the vascular system, with a special focus on the link between nephrolithiasis and vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Jung Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan;
- Center for Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Shiang Huang
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan; (C.-J.L.); (C.-W.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5251); Fax: +886-6-2766179
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Bano S, Tandon S, Tandon C. Emerging role of exosomes in arterial and renal calcification. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1385-1402. [PMID: 33739177 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211001122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are small, cell-derived vesicles of 30-100 nm that participate in cell-to-cell communication. They are released by many cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), lymphocytes, platelets, epithelial cells, endothelial cells (EC), and are found in most body fluids, including blood, saliva, urine, and breast milk. The exosomes released from cells within the cardiovascular system may contain either inhibitors of calcification in normal physiological conditions or promoters in the pathological environment [atherosclerosis (AS), and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)]. The exosomes of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are novel players in vascular repair processes and calcification. Several studies have shown that the cytoplasmic contents of exosomes are rich in a variety of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Currently, exosomal micro RNAs and proteins are increasingly being recognized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of several diseases, including those of kidney and liver, as well as different types of cancer. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the role of exosomes in vascular calcification and their potential applications as diagnostic markers as well as a brief overview of the role of stem cell-derived exosomes in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Bano
- 531065Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, 77282Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- 531065Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Circulating Extracellular Vesicles As Biomarkers and Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030388. [PMID: 33808038 PMCID: PMC8001426 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer containing transmembrane and soluble proteins. Subtypes of EVs include ectosomes (microparticles/microvesicles), exosomes, and apoptotic bodies that can be released by various tissues into biological fluids. EV cargo can modulate physiological and pathological processes in recipient cells through near- and long-distance intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that origin, amount, and internal cargos (nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) of EVs are variable under different pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The early detection and management of CVD reduce premature morbidity and mortality. Circulating EVs have attracted great interest as a potential biomarker for diagnostics and follow-up of CVD. This review highlights the role of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic follow-up of CVD, and also for drug delivery. Despite the great potential of EVs as a tool to study the pathophysiology of CVD, further studies are needed to increase the spectrum of EV-associated applications.
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25
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Jung S, Joo NS, Kim YN, Choi BH. Cut-off value of serum homocysteine in relation to increase of coronary artery calcification. J Investig Med 2021; 69:345-350. [PMID: 33148632 PMCID: PMC7848052 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2020-001478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A recent study reported that coronary artery calcification (CAC) and serum homocysteine were well associated; however, no report is available for the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to increase of coronary-artery calcification volume score (CVS). The data of 469 out of 777 subjects in 1 health promotion center located in Seoul were selected after exclusion of the missing data of serum homocysteine and CVS. CVS was categorized into 2 groups: CVS=0 and CVS>0. Serum homocysteine according to the CVS groups was compared, and the cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was calculated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Mean age was 54.5 years and the proportion of females was 22.2%. Mean serum homocysteine concentration and CVS were 11.2 μmol/L and 50.4, respectively. After adjustments for age and sex, serum homocysteine was associated with CVS (r=0.167, p=0.001), and Log(Homocysteine) also showed a significant difference according to the CVS groups. The cut-off value of serum homocysteine according to the increase of CVS (>0) was 9.45 μmol/L (area under the curve=0.569 (95% CI 0.512 to 0.625), p=0.015). The cut-off value of serum homocysteine was 9.45 μmol/L according to the increase of coronary-artery CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Jung
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Nam-Seok Joo
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yu-Na Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Beom-Hee Choi
- Functional Medicine Clinic, GCIMED, Seoul, South Korea
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Molecular Aspects and Prognostic Significance of Microcalcifications in Human Pathology: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010120. [PMID: 33374380 PMCID: PMC7795544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of calcium deposits in human lesions is largely used as imaging biomarkers of human diseases such as breast cancer. Indeed, the presence of micro- or macrocalcifications is frequently associated with the development of both benign and malignant lesions. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these calcium deposits, as well as the prognostic significance of their presence in human tissues, have not been completely elucidated. Therefore, a better characterization of the biological process related to the formation of calcifications in different tissues and organs, as well as the understanding of the prognostic significance of the presence of these calcium deposits into human tissues could significantly improve the management of patients characterized by microcalcifications associated lesions. Starting from these considerations, this narrative review highlights the most recent histopathological and molecular data concerning the formation of calcifications in breast, thyroid, lung, and ovarian diseases. Evidence reported here could deeply change the current point of view concerning the role of ectopic calcifications in the progression of human diseases and also in the patients’ management. In fact, the presence of calcifications can suggest an unfavorable prognosis due to dysregulation of normal tissues homeostasis.
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27
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Mansour A, Darwiche W, Yaker L, Da Nascimento S, Gomila C, Rossi C, Jung V, Sonnet P, Kamel S, Guerrera IC, Boullier A, Ausseil J. GFOGER Peptide Modifies the Protein Content of Extracellular Vesicles and Inhibits Vascular Calcification. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589761. [PMID: 33330469 PMCID: PMC7734313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular calcification (VC) is an active process during which vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) undergo an osteogenic switch and release extracellular vesicles (EVs). In turn, the EVs serve as calcification foci via interaction with type 1 collagen (COL1). We recently showed that a specific, six-amino-acid repeat (GFOGER) in the sequence of COL1 was involved in the latter's interaction with integrins expressed on EVs. Our main objective was to test the GFOGER ability to inhibit VC. APPROACH We synthesized the GFOGER peptide and tested its ability to inhibit the inorganic phosphate (Pi)-induced calcification of VSMCs and aortic rings. Using mass spectrometry, we studied GFOGER's effect on the protein composition of EVs released from Pi-treated VSMCs. RESULTS Calcification of mouse VSMCs (MOVAS-1 cells), primary human VSMCs, and rat aortic rings was lower in the presence of GFOGER than with Pi alone (with relative decreases of 66, 58, and 91%, respectively; p < 0.001 for all) (no effect was observed with the scramble peptide GOERFG). A comparative proteomic analysis of EVs released from MOVAS-1 cells in the presence or absence of Pi highlighted significant differences in EVs' protein content. Interestingly, the expression of some of the EVs' proteins involved in the calcification process (such as osteogenic markers, TANK-binding kinase 1, and casein kinase II) was diminished in the presence of GFOGER peptide (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018169∗). The decrease of osteogenic marker expression observed in the presence of GFOGER was confirmed by q-RT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSION GFOGER peptide reduces vascular calcification by modifying the protein content of the subsequently released EVs, in particular by decreasing osteogenicswitching in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mansour
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Walaa Darwiche
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Linda Yaker
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Sophie Da Nascimento
- AGIR, UR4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Cathy Gomila
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Claire Rossi
- Alliance Sorbonne Université, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR7025 CNRS Enzyme and Cell Engineering Laboratory, Compiègne, France
| | - Vincent Jung
- Plateforme protéomique Necker, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- AGIR, UR4294, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Saïd Kamel
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’ Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Ida Chiara Guerrera
- Plateforme protéomique Necker, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université de Paris – Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d’ Amiens, Amiens, France
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- MP3CV-UR7517, CURS-Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan, INSERM UMR1043 – CNRS UMR5282 – Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse – Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Laboratoire de Biochimie, Toulouse, France
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Khraishah H, Jaffer FA. Intravascular Molecular Imaging: Near-Infrared Fluorescence as a New Frontier. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:587100. [PMID: 33330648 PMCID: PMC7719823 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.587100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite exciting advances in structural intravascular imaging [intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT)] that have enabled partial assessment of atheroma burden and high-risk features associated with acute coronary syndromes, structural-based imaging modalities alone do not comprehensively phenotype the complex pathobiology of atherosclerosis. Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) is an emerging molecular intravascular imaging modality that allows for in vivo visualization of pathobiological and cellular processes at atheroma plaque level, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and abnormal endothelial permeability. Established intravascular NIRF imaging targets include macrophages, cathepsin protease activity, oxidized low-density lipoprotein and abnormal endothelial permeability. Structural and molecular intravascular imaging provide complementary information about plaque microstructure and biology. For this reason, integrated hybrid catheters that combine NIRF-IVUS or NIRF-OCT have been developed to allow co-registration of morphological and molecular processes with a single pullback, as performed for standalone IVUS or OCT. NIRF imaging is approaching application in clinical practice. This will be accelerated by the use of FDA-approved indocyanine green (ICG), which illuminates lipid- and macrophage-rich zones of permeable atheroma. The ability to comprehensively phenotype coronary pathobiology in patients will enable a deeper understanding of plaque pathobiology, improve local and patient-based risk prediction, and usher in a new era of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Khraishah
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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29
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Shiu ST, Lew WZ, Lee SY, Feng SW, Huang HM. Effects of Sapindus mukorossi Seed Oil on Proliferation, Osteogenetic/Odontogenetic Differentiation and Matrix Vesicle Secretion of Human Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4063. [PMID: 32933188 PMCID: PMC7560370 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells have attracted great interest in the development of tissue engineering. However, the self-regeneration and multi-differentiation capabilities of stem cells are easily impaired during cell transplantation. Recent studies have demonstrated that Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) seed oil has various positive biological effects. However, it is not yet clear whether S. mukorossi seed oil can increase the growth and differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of S. mukorossi seed oil on the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs. DPSCs with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively, were evaluated and compared. The viabilities of the cells were assessed by MTT tests. The osteogenetic and odontogenetic capacities of the DPSCs were tested using Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. In addition, real-time PCR was performed to examine the gene expression of ALP, BMP-2 and DMP-1. Finally, extracellular matrix vesicle secretion was detected via scanning electron microscopy. No significant difference was observed in the viabilities of the DPSCs with and without S. mukorossi seed oil, respectively. However, under osteogenic and odontogenic induction, S. mukorossi seed oil increased the secretion of mineralized nodules and the ALP activity of the DPSCs (p < 0.05). The ALP gene expression of the differentiation-induced DPSCs was also enhanced. Finally, a greater secretion of extracellular matrix vesicles was detected in the DPSCs following odontogenic induction complemented with S. mukorossi seed oil. Overall, the present results show that S. mukorossi seed oil promotes the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation and matrix vesicle secretion of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiau-Ting Shiu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Sheng-Yang Lee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Department of Dentistry, Wan-Fang Medical Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (S.-T.S.); (W.-Z.L.); (S.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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30
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Abstract
Matrix mineralization can be divided into physiological mineralization and pathological mineralization. There is a consensus among existing studies that matrix vesicles (MVs) are the starting sites of bone mineralization, and each component of MVs serves a certain function in mineralization. In addition, ectopic MVs pathologically promote undesired calcification, the primary focus of which is the promotion of vascular calcification. However, the specific mechanisms of the actions of MVs in bone-vascular axis cross-talk have not been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the latest research in this field and explores the roles of MVs in the bone-vascular axis with the aim of generating new ideas for the prevention and treatment of vascular calcification and bone metabolic disease.
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31
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Chang CY, Lew WZ, Feng SW, Wu CL, Wang HH, Hsieh SC, Huang HM. Static magnetic field-enhanced osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells via matrix vesicle secretion. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:1207-1217. [PMID: 32602413 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1787545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
METHODS In methodology, WJMSCs were treated with a 0.4-T SMF. The cell viability was tested using the MTT assay. For the osteogenic analysis, the alkaline phosphatase activity assay and alizarin red S staining were performed. The osteogenic-related gene expression of ALP, BMP-2, and Runx2 was examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to analyze matrix vesicle secretion. RESULTS The cell viability showed no significant difference between the SMF-treated group and the sham-exposed cells. However, the SMF-treated group exhibited significantly more mineralized nodule formation and higher ALP activity than their control counterparts (p < .05). The expressions of osteogenic-related markers, ALP, BMP-2, and Runx2, were also significantly higher in the SMF-treated WJMSCs. The scanning electron microscopy results showed much more matrix vesicle secretion in the SMF-treated cells than in the sham-treated cells. A mineralized sheath was noted in the SMF-treated cells, along with a sporadic accumulation of spherical mineralized deposits on the cell surface. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that 0.4-T SMF treatment enhances the osteogenesis of WJMSCs at the early-to-middle stage of osteogenic differentiation by increasing the matrix vesicle secretion and mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Chang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhen Lew
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lung Wu
- Department of Dentistry, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Chih Hsieh
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Haw-Ming Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Mir B, Goettsch C. Extracellular Vesicles as Delivery Vehicles of Specific Cellular Cargo. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071601. [PMID: 32630649 PMCID: PMC7407641 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-to-cell communication via the transfer of biomolecules locally and systemically between organs. It has been elucidated that the specific EV cargo load is fundamental for cellular response upon EV delivery. Therefore, revealing the specific molecular machinery that functionally regulates the precise EV cargo intracellularly is of importance in understanding the role of EVs in physiology and pathophysiology and conveying therapeutic use. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent findings on the general rules, as well as specific modulator motifs governing EV cargo loading. Finally, we address available information on potential therapeutic strategies to alter cargo loading.
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Zununi Vahed S, Mostafavi S, Hosseiniyan Khatibi SM, Shoja MM, Ardalan M. Vascular Calcification: An Important Understanding in Nephrology. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:167-180. [PMID: 32494148 PMCID: PMC7229867 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s242685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a life-threatening state in chronic kidney disease (CKD). High cardiovascular mortality and morbidity of CKD cases may root from medial VC promoted by hyperphosphatemia. Vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated, and complex biological process that is mediated by genetics, epigenetics, dysregulated form of matrix mineral metabolism, hormones, and the activation of cellular signaling pathways. Moreover, gut microbiome as a source of uremic toxins (eg, phosphate, advanced glycation end products and indoxyl-sulfate) can be regarded as a potential contributor to VC in CKD. Here, an update on different cellular and molecular processes involved in VC in CKD is discussed to elucidate the probable therapeutic pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soroush Mostafavi
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadali M Shoja
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Research Models for Studying Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062204. [PMID: 32210002 PMCID: PMC7139511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification of the vessel wall contributes to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification (VC) is a systemic disease with multifaceted contributing and inhibiting factors in an actively regulated process. The exact underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated and reliable treatment options are lacking. Due to the complex pathophysiology, various research models exist evaluating different aspects of VC. This review aims to give an overview of the cell and animal models used so far to study the molecular processes of VC. Here, in vitro cell culture models of different origins, ex vivo settings using aortic tissue and various in vivo disease-induced animal models are summarized. They reflect different aspects and depict the (patho)physiologic mechanisms within the VC process.
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35
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S100 proteins in atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 502:293-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Alique M, Sánchez-López E, Bodega G, Giannarelli C, Carracedo J, Ramírez R. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α: The Master Regulator of Endothelial Cell Senescence in Vascular Aging. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010195. [PMID: 31941032 PMCID: PMC7016968 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is one of the hottest topics in biomedical research. Advances in research and medicine have helped to preserve human health, leading to an extension of life expectancy. However, the extension of life is an irreversible process that is accompanied by the development of aging-related conditions such as weakness, slower metabolism, and stiffness of vessels. It also debated that aging can be considered an actual disease with aging-derived comorbidities, including cancer or cardiovascular disease. Currently, cardiovascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, are considered as premature aging and represent the first causes of death in developed countries, accounting for 31% of annual deaths globally. Emerging evidence has identified hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as a critical transcription factor with an essential role in aging-related pathology, in particular, regulating cellular senescence associated with cardiovascular aging. In this review, we will focus on the regulation of senescence mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in age-related pathologies, with particular emphasis on the crosstalk between endothelial and vascular cells in age-associated atherosclerotic lesions. More specifically, we will focus on the characteristics and mechanisms by which cells within the vascular wall, including endothelial and vascular cells, achieve a senescent phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Alique
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-885-6436 (M.A.); +34-91-394-5005 (J.C.)
| | - Elsa Sánchez-López
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Guillermo Bodega
- Departamento de Biomedicina y Biotecnología, Facultad de Biología, Química y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-91-885-6436 (M.A.); +34-91-394-5005 (J.C.)
| | - Rafael Ramírez
- Departamento Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud (IRYCIS), Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain;
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37
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Bystrom JL, Pujari-Palmer M. Phosphoserine Functionalized Cements Preserve Metastable Phases, and Reprecipitate Octacalcium Phosphate, Hydroxyapatite, Dicalcium Phosphate, and Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, during Degradation, In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:E54. [PMID: 31783637 PMCID: PMC6963472 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10040054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoserine modified cements (PMC) exhibit unique properties, including strong adhesion to tissues and biomaterials. While TTCP-PMCs remodel into bone in vivo, little is known regarding the bioactivity and physiochemical changes that occur during resorption. In the present study, changes in the mechanical strength and composition were evaluated for 28 days, for three formulations of αTCP based PMCs. PMCs were significantly stronger than unmodified cement (38-49 MPa vs. 10 MPa). Inclusion of wollastonite in PMCs appeared to accelerate the conversion to hydroxyapatite, coincident with slight decrease in strength. In non-wollastonite PMCs the initial compressive strength did not change after 28 days in PBS (p > 0.99). Dissolution/degradation of PMC was evaluated in acidic (pH 2.7, pH 4.0), and supersaturated fluids (simulated body fluid (SBF)). PMCs exhibited comparable mass loss (<15%) after 14 days, regardless of pH and ionic concentration. Electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray analysis revealed that significant amounts of brushite, octacalcium phosphate, and hydroxyapatite reprecipitated, following dissolution in acidic conditions (pH 2.7), while amorphous calcium phosphate formed in SBF. In conclusion, PMC surfaces remodel into metastable precursors to hydroxyapatite, in both acidic and neutral environments. By tuning the composition of PMCs, durable strength in fluids, and rapid transformation can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Pujari-Palmer
- Applied Material Science, Department of Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
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38
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Exosomes: Biogenesis, Composition, Functions, and Their Role in Pre-metastatic Niche Formation. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Chin DD, Wang J, Mel de Fontenay M, Plotkin A, Magee GA, Chung EJ. Hydroxyapatite-binding micelles for the detection of vascular calcification in atherosclerosis. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:6449-6457. [PMID: 31553027 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by the formation of calcified, arterial plaques. Microcalcifications (5 μm to 100 μm), mainly composed of hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca5(PO4)3(OH)), develop in the fibrous caps of atherosclerotic plaques and can trigger plaque rupture due to the loss of compliance and elasticity. Ultimately, plaque rupture can cause arterial occlusion and embolization and result in ischemic events such as strokes and myocardial infarctions. Unfortunately, current imaging technologies used to detect calcifications are limited by low signal-to-noise ratio or use invasive procedures that pose risk of arterial dissection. To mitigate these drawbacks, in our study, we developed a novel, fluorescently-labeled peptide amphiphile micelle (PAM) that uses a 12 amino acid HA-binding peptide (HABP) [SVSVGMKPSPRP] to target and detect atherosclerotic calcification (HA PAM). Our results show HA PAMs can successfully target HA microcrystals with a strong binding affinity (KD = 6.26 ± 1.2 μM) in vitro. In addition, HA PAMs detected HA mineralization (HA PAM vs. non-targeting micelle, p≤ 0.001; HA PAM vs. scrambled HABP PAM, p≤ 0.01) formed by calcifying mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS). Moreover, HA PAMs successfully detected calcifications in atherosclerotic mouse models as well as in patient-derived arteries. Our studies show that HA PAMs show promise as calcium-targeting nanoparticles for the detection of calcifications in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah D Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Margot Mel de Fontenay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anastasia Plotkin
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gregory A Magee
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. and Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA and Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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40
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Yang W, Zou B, Hou Y, Yan W, Chen T, Qu S. Extracellular vesicles in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 499:118-122. [PMID: 31493375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with adverse cardiovascular events that increase the risk of cardiovascular death. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of vascular calcification is complex and incompletely understood. As important intercellular signaling molecules, the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vascular calcification has attracted wide attention in recent years. This review will briefly describe the role of EVs (mainly including exosomes and microvesicles) in the process of vascular wall calcification focusing on the specific mechanisms of smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and calcium-phosphorus balance to illustrate the relationship between EVs and vascular calcification. It is likely that EVs may be prognostic markers in some cardiovascular diseases and have potential therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Yang
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Bu Zou
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Yangfeng Hou
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Tao Chen
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China; Clinic Department, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Shunlin Qu
- Pathophysiology Department, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China.
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Gu J, Lu Y, Deng M, Qiu M, Tian Y, Ji Y, Zong P, Shao Y, Zheng R, Zhou B, Sun W, Kong X. Inhibition of acetylation of histones 3 and 4 attenuates aortic valve calcification. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-14. [PMID: 31292436 PMCID: PMC6802657 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve calcification develops in patients with chronic kidney disease who have calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders and poor prognoses. There is no effective treatment except valve replacement. However, metabolic disorders put patients at high risk for surgery. Increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is present in interstitial cells from human calcific aortic valves, but whether it is involved in aortic valve calcification has not been studied. In this study, we found that treating cultured porcine aortic valve interstitial cells with a high-calcium/high-phosphate medium induced calcium deposition, apoptosis, and expression of osteogenic marker genes, producing a phenotype resembling valve calcification in vivo. These phenotypic changes were attenuated by the histone acetyltransferase inhibitor C646. C646 treatment increased the levels of class I histone deacetylase members and decreased the acetylation of histones 3 and 4 induced by the high-calcium/high-phosphate treatment. Conversely, the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid promoted valve interstitial cell calcification. In a mouse model of aortic valve calcification induced by adenine and vitamin D treatment, the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4 were increased in the calcified aortic valves. Treatment of the models with C646 attenuated aortic valve calcification by restoring the levels of acetylated histones 3 and 4. These observations suggest that increased acetylation of histones 3 and 4 is part of the pathogenesis of aortic valve calcification associated with calcium and phosphate metabolic disorders. Targeting acetylated histones 3 and 4 may be a potential therapy for inoperable aortic valve calcification in chronic kidney disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Menqing Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ming Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yunfan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Cardiovascular Research Institute, The Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029, Nanjing, PR China.
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Babic M, Schuchardt M, Tölle M, van der Giet M. In times of tobacco-free nicotine consumption: The influence of nicotine on vascular calcification. Eur J Clin Invest 2019; 49:e13077. [PMID: 30721530 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking remains the most important avoidable cause of global mortality. Even though the number of cigarette smokers declines in first world countries, the uses of alternative nicotine delivery products increase and may even surpass the sells of cigarettes. In this light, the explicit role of nicotine in the development of cardiovascular diseases should be elucidated. OBJECTIVES This narrative review attempts to connect current literature about possible effects of nicotine on the environment of the vasculature to the pathogenesis of vascular calcification, focusing on the tunica media of the vessel wall. METHODS For this review, papers found on Pubmed and Medline until December 2018 by searching for the keywords nicotine, vascular calcification, oxidative stress, osteoblastic transdifferentiation and matrix degradation were considered. RESULTS Nicotine creates an environment that probably facilitates and maybe even induces osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMC by inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species. This process is believed to be a key event in calcification of the tunica media of the vessel wall. Furthermore, nicotine could lead to the formation of nucleation sites for hydroxyapatite by facilitating matrix vesicles and extracellular matrix degradation. CONCLUSIONS There is a growing body of evidence implicating that nicotine alone could impair vascular function and lead to vascular calcification. Further research is necessary to elucidate the explicit influence of nicotine on arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milen Babic
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schuchardt
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Tölle
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus van der Giet
- Department of Nephrology, Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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43
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Dual roles of heparanase in human carotid plaque calcification. Atherosclerosis 2019; 283:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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44
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Faggiano P, Dasseni N, Gaibazzi N, Rossi A, Henein M, Pressman G. Cardiac calcification as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and predictor of cardiovascular events: A review of the evidence. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1191-1204. [DOI: 10.1177/2047487319830485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pompilio Faggiano
- Cardiology Division, Spedali Civili Hospital and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Dasseni
- Cardiology Division, Spedali Civili Hospital and University of Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Rossi
- Cardiology Division, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Michael Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden
- St George University, London, UK
- Brunel University, London, UK
| | - Gregg Pressman
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA
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Malloci M, Perdomo L, Veerasamy M, Andriantsitohaina R, Simard G, Martínez MC. Extracellular Vesicles: Mechanisms in Human Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:813-856. [PMID: 29634347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now considered veritable entities for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. These structures are able to interact with target cells and modify their phenotype and function. Recent Advances: Since composition of EVs depends on the cell type of origin and the stimulation that leads to their release, the analysis of EV content remains an important input to understand the potential effects of EVs on target cells. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review recent data related to the mechanisms involved in the formation of EVs and the methods allowing specific EV isolation and identification. Also, we analyze the potential use of EVs as biomarkers in different pathologies such as diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Besides, their role in these diseases is discussed. Finally, we consider EVs enriched in microRNA or drugs as potential therapeutic cargo able to deliver desirable information to target cells/tissues. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We underline the importance of the homogenization of the parameters of isolation of EVs and their characterization, which allow considering EVs as excellent biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Malloci
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Liliana Perdomo
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Maëva Veerasamy
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France
| | - Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Gilles Simard
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - M Carmen Martínez
- 1 INSERM UMR 1063, Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques, UNIV Angers, Université Bretagne Loire, Angers, France.,2 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire d'Angers, Angers, France
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Cardellini M, Rovella V, Scimeca M, Anemona L, Bischetti S, Casella S, Saggini A, Bonanno E, Ballanti M, Davato F, Menghini R, Ippoliti A, Santeusanio G, Di Daniele N, Federici M, Mauriello A. Chronic Kidney Disease Is Linked to Carotid Nodular Calcification, An Unstable Plaque Not Correlated to Inflammation. Aging Dis 2019; 10:71-81. [PMID: 30705769 PMCID: PMC6345328 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and the different type of carotid calcifications, nodular and non-nodular, and their role in the acute cerebrovascular disease has not yet been defined. Various studies have correlated the presence of specific risk factors, in particular the chronic kidney disease, with the presence of calcification, but not with the type of calcification. Since it is likely that carotid nodular calcifications rather than those with non-nodular aspect may represent a plaque at high risk of rupture, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of nodular calcification in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular syndromes and their possible correlation with specific risk factors. A total of 168 carotid plaques from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients submitted to endarterectomy, whom complete clinical and laboratory assessment of major cardiovascular risk factors was available, were studied. In 21 endarterectomies (5 from symptomatic and 16 from asymptomatic patients) an eruptive calcified nodule, consisting of calcified plates associated to a small amount of fibrous tissue without extracellular lipids and inflammatory cells, was found protruding into the lumen. Nodular calcifications were significantly observed in patients affected by chronic kidney disease (with GFR<60 ml / min / 1.73 m2), with a normal lipidic and glycemic profile. On the contrary, non-nodular calcification, mainly correlated to diabetes, were stable lesions. Results of our study suggest that the mechanisms and the clinical significance of carotid atherosclerotic calcification may be different. The nodular calcification could represent a type of unstable plaque, significantly related to chronic kidney disease, without inflammation, morphologically different from the classical vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cardellini
- 1Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- 2Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- 3Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.,4OrchideaLab S.r.l., via del Grecale 6, Morlupo, Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | | | - Sara Casella
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Andrea Saggini
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Marta Ballanti
- 1Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Francesca Davato
- 1Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Rossella Menghini
- 1Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Ippoliti
- 6Vascular Surgery, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santeusanio
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- 2Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Massimo Federici
- 1Center for Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, and Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- 5Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
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Hou YC, Lu CL, Zheng CM, Chen RM, Lin YF, Liu WC, Yen TH, Chen R, Lu KC. Emerging Role of Vitamins D and K in Modulating Uremic Vascular Calcification: The Aspect of Passive Calcification. Nutrients 2019; 11:E152. [PMID: 30642029 PMCID: PMC6356797 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a critical complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) because it is predictive of cardiovascular events and mortality. In addition to the traditional mechanisms associated with endothelial dysfunction and the osteoblastic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the regulation of calcification inhibitors, such as calciprotein particles (CPPs) and matrix vesicles plays a vital role in uremic vascular calcification in CKD patients because of the high prevalence of vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K governs the gamma-carboxylation of matrix Gla protein (MGP) for inhibiting vascular calcification, and the vitamin D binding protein receptor is related to vitamin K gene expression. For patients with chronic kidney disease, adequate use of vitamin D supplements may play a role in vascular calcification through modulation of the calciprotein particles and matrix vesicles (MVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 23148, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Anesthesiology and Health Policy Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Brain Disease Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City 435, Taiwan.
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan.
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan.
- Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Remy Chen
- Kidney Dialysis Center, Kamifukuoka General Hospital, Saitama 356, Japan.
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan.
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Blaser MC, Aikawa E. Roles and Regulation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Mineral Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:187. [PMID: 30622949 PMCID: PMC6308298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a multifaceted disease that is a leading independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have identified a calcification-prone population of extracellular vesicles as the putative elementary units of vascular microcalcification in diseased heart valves and vessels. Their action is highly context-dependent; extracellular vesicles released by smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages may promote or inhibit mineralization, depending on the phenotype of their originating cells and/or the extracellular environment to which they are released. In particular, emerging roles for vesicular microRNAs, bioactive lipids, metabolites, and protein cargoes in driving this pro-calcific switch underpin the necessity of innovative strategies to employ next-generation sequencing and omics technologies in order to better understand the pathobiology of these nano-sized entities. Furthermore, a recent body of work has emerged that centers on the novel re-purposing of extracellular vesicles and exosomes as potential therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular calcification. This review aims to highlight the role of extracellular vesicles as constituents of cardiovascular calcification and summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the biophysical nature of vesicle accumulation, aggregation, and mineralization. We also comprehensively discuss the latest evidence that extracellular vesicles act as key mediators and regulators of cell/cell communication, osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation, and cell/matrix interactions in cardiovascular tissues. Lastly, we highlight the importance of robust vesicle isolation and characterization when studying these phenomena, and offer a brief primer on working with cardiovascular applications of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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49
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Co-localization of plaque macrophages with calcification is associated with a more vulnerable plaque phenotype and a greater calcification burden in coronary target segments as determined by OCT. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205984. [PMID: 30356326 PMCID: PMC6200236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of plaque macrophages and microcalcifications are acknowledged features of plaque vulnerability. Experimental data suggest that microcalcifications promote inflammation and macrophages foster microcalcifications. However, co-localization of plaque macrophages and calcification (ColocCaMa) in coronary segments and its impact on plaque phenotype and lesion vulnerability is unexplored. METHODS Plaque morphology including ColocCaMa of calcified coronary target segments in patients with stable coronary artery disease (n = 116) was analyzed using optical coherence tomography (OCT) prior to coronary intervention. Therefore we considered macrophages co-localized with calcification if their distance in an OCT frame was <100μm and OCT-defined microcalcifications with a calcium arc <22.5°. RESULTS ColocCaMa was present in 29/116(25.0%) coronary segments. Calcium burden was greater (calcium volume index:1731±1421°*mm vs. 963±984°*mm, p = 0.002) and calcifications were more superficial (minimal thickness of the fibrous cap overlying the calcification 35±37μm vs. 64±72μm, p = 0.005) in the presence of ColocCaMa. Segments with ColocCaMa demonstrated a higher incidence of newly suggested features of plaque vulnerability, with a 3.5-fold higher number of OCT-defined microcalcifications (0.7±1.0 vs. 0.2±0.6, p = 0.022) and a 6.7-fold higher incidence of plaque inflammation (macrophage volume index:148.7±248.3°*mm vs. 22.2±57.4°*mm, p<0.001). Clinically, intima-media thickness (IMT) in carotid arteries was increased in patients with ColocCaMa (1.02±0.30mm vs. 0.85±0.18, p = 0.021). In a multivariate model, IMT (OR1.76 for 100μm, 95%CI 1.16-2.65, p = 0.007), HDL-cholesterol (OR0.36 for 10mg/dl, 95%CI 0.16-0.84, p = 0.017), calcium volume index (OR1.07 for 100°*mm, 95%CI 1.00-1.14, p = 0.049), macrophage volume index (OR5.77 for 100°*mm, 95%CI 2.04-16.3, p = 0.001) and minimal luminal area (OR3.41, 95%CI 1.49-7.78, p = 0.004) were independent predictors of ColocCaMa. CONCLUSION Plaque macrophages co-localize with calcifications in coronary target segments and this is associated with high-risk morphological features including microcalcifications and macrophage infiltration as well as with greater calcification burden. Our data may add to the understanding of the relationship between plaque macrophages, vascular calcification and their clinical impact.
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50
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Bellinge JW, Francis RJ, Majeed K, Watts GF, Schultz CJ. In search of the vulnerable patient or the vulnerable plaque: 18F-sodium fluoride positron emission tomography for cardiovascular risk stratification. J Nucl Cardiol 2018; 25:1774-1783. [PMID: 29992525 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-018-1360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death. Preventative therapies that reduce CVD are most effective when targeted to individuals at high risk. Current risk stratification tools have only modest prognostic capabilities, resulting in over-treatment of low-risk individuals and under-treatment of high-risk individuals. Improved methods of CVD risk stratification are required. Molecular imaging offers a novel approach to CVD risk stratification. In particular, 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) has shown promise in the detection of both high-risk atherosclerotic plaque features and vascular calcification activity, which predicts future development of new vascular calcium deposits. The rate of change of coronary calcium scores, measured by serial computed tomography scans over a 2-year period, is a strong predictor of CVD risk. Vascular calcification activity, as measured with 18F-NaF PET, has the potential to provide prognostic information similar to consecutive coronary calcium scoring, with a single-time-point convenience. However, owing to the rapid motion and small size of the coronary arteries, new solutions are required to address the traditional limitations of PET imaging. Two different methods of coronary PET analysis have been independently proposed and here we compare their respective strengths, weaknesses, and the potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie W Bellinge
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Kamran Majeed
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Carl J Schultz
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, 197 Wellington St, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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