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Baeza C, Pintor-Chocano A, Carrasco S, Sanz A, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. Paricalcitol Has a Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effect in Rat Endothelial Denudation-Induced Intimal Hyperplasia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4814. [PMID: 38732029 PMCID: PMC11084681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia is the main cause of vascular graft failure in the medium term. Vitamin D receptor activation modulates the biology of vascular smooth muscle cells and has been reported to protect from neointimal hyperplasia following endothelial injury. However, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We have now explored the impact of the selective vitamin D receptor activator, paricalcitol, on neointimal hyperplasia, following guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury in rats, and we have assessed the impact of paricalcitol or vehicle on the expression of key cell stress factors. Guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury caused neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis and upregulated the expression of the growth factor growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), the cytokine receptor CD74, NFκB-inducing kinase (NIK, an upstream regulator of the proinflammatory transcription factor NFκB) and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2). Immunohistochemistry confirmed the increased expression of the cellular proteins CD74 and NIK. Paricalcitol (administered in doses of 750 ng/kg of body weight, every other day) had a non-significant impact on neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis. However, it significantly decreased GDF-15, CD74, NIK and MCP-1/CCL2 mRNA expression, which in paricalcitol-injured arteries remained within the levels found in control vehicle sham arteries. In conclusion, paricalcitol had a dramatic effect, suppressing the stress response to guidewire-induced endothelial cell injury, despite a limited impact on neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis. This observation identifies novel molecular targets of paricalcitol in the vascular system, whose differential expression cannot be justified as a consequence of improved tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Baeza
- Department of Vascular Surgery, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Arancha Pintor-Chocano
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sanz
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- RICORS2040, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Germano DB, Oliveira SB, Bachi ALL, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Bussador do Amaral J, França CN. Monocyte chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 256-257:1-8. [PMID: 36893859 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are fundamental in many processes related to cardiovascular diseases, such as monocyte migration to vessel walls, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, among others. Even though many experimental studies have shown the utility of blocking these receptors or their ligands in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the findings in clinical research are still poor. Thus, in the current review we aimed to describe some promising results concerning the blockade of chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also to discuss some challenges that need to be overcome before using these strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yára Juliano
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador do Amaral
- ENT Research Laboratory, Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Nunes França
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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3
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Ananthaseshan S, Bojakowski K, Sacharczuk M, Poznanski P, Skiba DS, Prahl Wittberg L, McKenzie J, Szkulmowska A, Berg N, Andziak P, Menkens H, Wojtkowski M, Religa D, Lundell F, Guzik T, Gaciong Z, Religa P. Red blood cell distribution width is associated with increased interactions of blood cells with vascular wall. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13676. [PMID: 35953533 PMCID: PMC9366818 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying the association between elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) and poor prognosis in variety of diseases is unknown although many researchers consider RDW a marker of inflammation. We hypothesized that RDW directly affects intravascular hemodynamics, interactions between circulating cells and vessel wall, inducing local changes predisposing to atherothrombosis. We applied different human and animal models to verify our hypothesis. Carotid plaques harvested from patients with high RDW had increased expression of genes and proteins associated with accelerated atherosclerosis as compared to subjects with low RDW. In microfluidic channels samples of blood from high RDW subjects showed flow pattern facilitating direct interaction with vessel wall. Flow pattern was also dependent on RDW value in mouse carotid arteries analyzed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. In different mouse models of elevated RDW accelerated development of atherosclerotic lesions in aortas was observed. Therefore, comprehensive biological, fluid physics and optics studies showed that variation of red blood cells size measured by RDW results in increased interactions between vascular wall and circulating morphotic elements which contribute to vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Bojakowski
- 2nd Vascular Surgery and Angiology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Sacharczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Piotr Poznanski
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | - Dominik S Skiba
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzebiec, Poland
| | | | - Jordan McKenzie
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niclas Berg
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Andziak
- 2nd Vascular Surgery and Angiology Department, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Menkens
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Fredrik Lundell
- KTH Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Guzik
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Zbigniew Gaciong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piotr Religa
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, 1a Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Saba L, Nardi V, Cau R, Gupta A, Kamel H, Suri JS, Balestrieri A, Congiu T, Butler APH, Gieseg S, Fanni D, Cerrone G, Sanfilippo R, Puig J, Yang Q, Mannelli L, Faa G, Lanzino G. Carotid Artery Plaque Calcifications: Lessons From Histopathology to Diagnostic Imaging. Stroke 2021; 53:290-297. [PMID: 34753301 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.035692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of calcium in atherosclerosis is controversial and the relationship between vascular calcification and plaque vulnerability is not fully understood. Although calcifications are present in ≈50% to 60% of carotid plaques, their association with cerebrovascular ischemic events remains unclear. In this review, we summarize current understanding of carotid plaque calcification. We outline the role of calcium in atherosclerotic carotid disease by analyzing laboratory studies and histopathologic studies, as well as imaging findings to understand clinical implications of carotid artery calcifications. Differences in mechanism of calcium deposition express themselves into a wide range of calcification phenotypes in carotid plaques. Some patterns, such as rim calcification, are suggestive of plaques with inflammatory activity with leakage of the vasa vasourm and intraplaque hemorrhage. Other patterns such as dense, nodular calcifications may confer greater mechanical stability to the plaque and reduce the risk of embolization for a given degree of plaque size and luminal stenosis. Various distributions and patterns of carotid plaque calcification, often influenced by the underlying systemic pathological condition, have a different role in affecting plaque stability. Modern imaging techniques afford multiple approaches to assess geometry, pattern of distribution, size, and composition of carotid artery calcifications. Future investigations with these novel technologies will further improve our understanding of carotid artery calcification and will play an important role in understanding and minimizing stroke risk in patients with carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (L.S., R.C., A.B.)
| | - Valentina Nardi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (V.N.)
| | - Riccardo Cau
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (L.S., R.C., A.B.)
| | - Ajay Gupta
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. (A.G.)
| | - Hooman Kamel
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York. (H.K.)
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Diagnosis and Monitoring Division, AtheroPoint LLC, Roseville, CA (J.S.S.)
| | - Antonella Balestrieri
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (L.S., R.C., A.B.)
| | - Terenzio Congiu
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari -Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (T.C., D.F., G.C., G.F.)
| | - Anthony P H Butler
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (A.P.H.B., S.G.)
| | - Steven Gieseg
- Department of Radiology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand (A.P.H.B., S.G.)
| | - Daniela Fanni
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari -Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (T.C., D.F., G.C., G.F.)
| | - Giulia Cerrone
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari -Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (T.C., D.F., G.C., G.F.)
| | - Roberto Sanfilippo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari - Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (R.S.)
| | - Josep Puig
- Department of Radiology (IDI), Hospital Universitari de Girona, Spain (J.P.)
| | - Qi Yang
- Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China (Q.Y.)
| | | | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (A.O.U.), di Cagliari -Polo di Monserrato s.s, Cagliari, Italy (T.C., D.F., G.C., G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Lanzino
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. (G.L.)
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5
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He S, Yang F, Yang M, An W, Maguire EM, Chen Q, Xiao R, Wu W, Zhang L, Wang W, Xiao Q. miR-214-3p-Sufu-GLI1 is a novel regulatory axis controlling inflammatory smooth muscle cell differentiation from stem cells and neointimal hyperplasia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 33143723 PMCID: PMC7640405 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory smooth muscle cells (iSMCs) generated from adventitial stem/progenitor cells (AdSPCs) have been recognised as a new player in cardiovascular disease, and microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p) has been implicated in mature vascular SMC functions and neointimal hyperplasia. Here, we attempted to elucidate the functional involvements of miR-214-3p in iSMC differentiation from AdSPCs and unravel the therapeutic potential of miR-214-3p signalling in AdSPCs for injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Methods The role of miR-214-3p in iSMC differentiation from AdSPCs was evaluated by multiple biochemistry assays. The target of miR-214-3p was identified through binding site mutation and reporter activity analysis. A murine model of injury-induced arterial remodelling and stem cell transplantation was conducted to study the therapeutic potential of miR-214-3p. RT-qPCR analysis was performed to examine the gene expression in healthy and diseased human arteries. Results miR-214-3p prevented iSMC differentiation/generation from AdSPCs by restoring sonic hedgehog-glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Shh-GLI1) signalling. Suppressor of fused (Sufu) was identified as a functional target of miR-214-3p during iSMC generation from AdSPCs. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-214-3p over-expression or Sufu inhibition can promote nuclear accumulation of GLI1 protein in AdSPCs, and the consensus sequence (GACCACCCA) for GLI1 binding within smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMαA) and serum response factor (SRF) gene promoters is required for their respective regulation by miR-214-3p and Sufu. Additionally, Sufu upregulates multiple inflammatory gene expression (IFNγ, IL-6, MCP-1 and S100A4) in iSMCs. In vivo, transfection of miR-214-3p into the injured vessels resulted in the decreased expression level of Sufu, reduced iSMC generation and inhibited neointimal hyperplasia. Importantly, perivascular transplantation of AdSPCs increased neointimal hyperplasia, whereas transplantation of AdSPCs over-expressing miR-214-3p prevented this. Finally, decreased expression of miR-214-3p but increased expression of Sufu was observed in diseased human arteries. Conclusions We present a previously unexplored role for miR-214-3p in iSMC differentiation and neointima iSMC hyperplasia and provide new insights into the therapeutic effects of miR-214-3p in vascular disease. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13287-020-01989-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping He
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Feng Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei An
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wei Wu
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Cardiology, and Institute for Cardiovascular Development and Regenerative Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases at The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China. .,Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Lee H, Kim E. Repositioning medication for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease to delay the onset and prevent progression of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:932-960. [PMID: 32909178 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. As with other common chronic diseases, multiple risk factors contribute to the onset and progression of AD. Many researchers have evaluated the epidemiologic and pathophysiological association between AD, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and cerebrovascular diseases (CBVDs), including commonly reported risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Relevant therapies of CVDs/CBVDs for the attenuation of AD have also been empirically investigated. Considering the challenges of new drug development, in terms of cost and time, multifactorial approaches such as therapeutic repositioning of CVD/CBVD medication should be explored to delay the onset and progression of AD. Thus, in this review, we discuss our current understanding of the association between cardiovascular risk factors and AD, as revealed by clinical and non-clinical studies, as well as the therapeutic implications of CVD/CBVD medication that may attenuate AD. Furthermore, we discuss future directions by evaluating ongoing trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicinal Sciences, Konyang University, 121 Daehakro, Nonsan, 32992, Republic of Korea
| | - EunYoung Kim
- Evidence-Based Research Laboratory, Division of Clinical Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Yang F, Chen Q, Yang M, Maguire EM, Yu X, He S, Xiao R, Wang CS, An W, Wu W, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Zhang L. Macrophage-derived MMP-8 determines smooth muscle cell differentiation from adventitia stem/progenitor cells and promotes neointima hyperplasia. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:211-225. [PMID: 30778537 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence has suggested that adventitia stem/progenitor cells (AdSPCs) migrate into the intima of arteries in response to injury, where they differentiate towards smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and participate in neointimal hyperplasia. We have previously identified matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP8) as a key player in atherogenesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional roles of macrophage-derived MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and injury-induced arterial remodelling. METHODS AND RESULTS We first observed an important role for MMP8 in SMC differentiation from embryonic stem cells, but this effect was not seen in AdSPCs. Instead, through macrophages/AdSPCs co-culture and macrophage conditional culture medium studies, we have demonstrated that the MMP8 protein secreted from macrophages promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs. Mechanistically, we showed that macrophage-derived MMP8 promotes SMC differentiation from AdSPCs through modulating transforming growth factor-β activity and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10)/Notch1 signalling. We further demonstrated that the binding site for CBF1, Suppressor of Hairless, and Lag-1 (CSL) within SMC gene promoters is responsible for Notch1 mediated SMC differentiation. Finally, we demonstrated that macrophage-derived MMP8 increased injury-induced neointimal SMC hyperplasia by activating ADAM10/Notch1 signalling. CONCLUSIONS We have identified macrophage-derived MMP8 as a regulator in SMC differentiation from AdSPCs and neointimal SMC hyperplasia in response to injury. Our data provide new insights into the roles of MMP8 in AdSPC differentiation and the pathogenesis of neointima formation in the context of angiographic restenosis, and therefore may aid in the development of novel therapeutic agents for the prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eithne Margaret Maguire
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiaotian Yu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Shiping He
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rui Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claire S Wang
- Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge, Trinity Street, Cambridge, CB2 1TA, UK
| | - Weiwei An
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wei Wu
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yijiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Town, Panyu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511436, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
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8
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Cao C, Tarlé S, Kaigler D. Characterization of the immunomodulatory properties of alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:102. [PMID: 32138791 PMCID: PMC7059346 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties which hold promise for their clinical use to treat inflammatory conditions. Relative to bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs), which are typically isolated from the iliac crest, we have recently demonstrated that MSCs can be predictably isolated from the alveolar bone (aBMSCs) by less invasive means. As such, the aim of this study was to characterize the immunomodulatory properties of aBMSCs relative to BMSCs. Methods aBMSCs isolated from the human alveolar bone and BMSCs isolated from the human bone marrow of the iliac crest were cultured in the same conditions. Cytokine arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of a conditioned medium were used to evaluate differences in the secretion of cytokines. In different functional assays, aBMSCs and BMSCs were cocultured with different types of immune cells including THP-1 monocytes, macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to evaluate their effects on important immune cell functions including proliferation, differentiation, and activation. Results The protein arrays identified interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 to be the major cytokines secreted by aBMSCs and BMSCs. ELISA determined that aBMSCs secreted 268.64 ± 46.96 pg/mL of IL-6 and 196.14 ± 97.31 pg/mL of MCP-1 per microgram of DNA, while BMSCs secreted 774.86 ± 414.29 pg/mL of IL-6 and 856.37 ± 433.03 pg/mL of MCP-1 per microgram of DNA. The results of the coculture studies showed that aBMSCs exhibited immunosuppressive effects on monocyte activation and T cell activation and proliferation similar to BMSCs. Both aBMSCs and BMSCs drove macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype with increased phagocytic ability. Taken together, these data suggest that aBMSCs have potent immunomodulatory properties comparable to those of BMSCs. Conclusions The findings of this study have important implications for the development of immunomodulatory stem cell therapies aimed to treat inflammatory conditions using aBMSCs, a more feasible tissue source of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cao
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Susan Tarlé
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Darnell Kaigler
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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9
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Shafi S, Ansari HR, Bahitham W, Aouabdi S. The Impact of Natural Antioxidants on the Regenerative Potential of Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:28. [PMID: 30968031 PMCID: PMC6439348 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
With advances in technology, the impact of natural antioxidants on vascular cell regeneration is attracting enormous attention as many current studies are now exploring the clinical potential of antioxidants in regenerative medicine. Natural antioxidants are an important step for improving future treatment and prevention of various diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, neurodegenerative, and diabetes. The use of natural antioxidants which have effects on several types of stem cells with the potential to differentiate into functional endothelium and smooth muscle cells (known as vascular progenitors) for vascular regeneration might override pharmaceutical and surgical treatments. The natural antioxidant systems comprise of several components present in fruits, vegetables, legumes, medicinal plants, and other animal-derived products that interact with reactive free radicals such as oxygen and nitrogen species to neutralize their oxidative damaging effects on vascular cells. Neutralization by antioxidants involves the breaking down of the oxidative cascade chain reactions in the cell membranes in order to fine-tune the free radical levels. The effect of natural antioxidants on vascular regeneration includes restoration or establishment of new vascular structures and functions. In this review, we highlight the significant effects of natural antioxidants on modulating vascular cells to regenerate vessels, as well as possible mechanisms of action and the potential therapeutic benefits on health. The role of antioxidants in regenerating vessels may be critical for the future of regenerative medicine in terms of the maintenance of the normal functioning of vessels and the prevention of multiple vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida Shafi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hifzur Rahman Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wesam Bahitham
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sihem Aouabdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Meng X, Chen M, Su W, Tao X, Sun M, Zou X, Ying R, Wei W, Wang B. The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to vascular cells regulated by the HMGB1/RAGE axis: its application in cell therapy for transplant arteriosclerosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:85. [PMID: 29615103 PMCID: PMC5883535 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation shows promise for treating transplant arteriosclerosis, at least partly via promoting endothelial regeneration. However, the efficacy and safety are still under investigation especially regarding recent findings that neointimal smooth muscle cells are derived from MSC-like cells. The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/receptor for advanced glycation end-product (RAGE) axis is involved in regulating proliferation, migration, and differentiation of MSCs, and therefore it can be presumably applied to improve the outcome of cell therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate this hypothesis. METHODS Rat MSCs were treated with HMGB1 or modified with HMGB1 vectors to activate the HMGB1/RAGE axis. RAGE was targeted and inhibited by specific short hairpin RNA vectors. We assessed the capacity for cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation after vector transfection in vitro and in a rat model of transplant arteriosclerosis. The expression of CD31 and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) was determined to evaluate the differentiation of MSCs to endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Exogenous HMGB1 treatment and transfection with HMGB1 vectors promoted MSC migration and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced differentiation to CD31+ cells while inhibiting their proliferation and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced differentiation to αSMA+ cells. Such an effect was blocked by RAGE knockdown. HMGB1-modified cells preferably migrated to graft neointima and differentiated to CD31+ cells along with significant relief of transplant arteriosclerosis and inhibition of HMGB1 and RAGE expression in graft vessels. RAGE knockdown inhibited cell migration to graft vessels. CONCLUSIONS HMGB1 stimulated MSCs to migrate and differentiate to endothelial cells via RAGE signaling, which we translated to successful application in cell therapy for transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Su
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Mingyang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing University Medical School Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongchao Ying
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.121 Jiangjiayuan, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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11
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Roostalu U, Wong JK. Arterial smooth muscle dynamics in development and repair. Dev Biol 2018; 435:109-121. [PMID: 29397877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial vasculature distributes blood from early embryonic development and provides a nutrient highway to maintain tissue viability. Atherosclerosis, peripheral artery diseases, stroke and aortic aneurysm represent the most frequent causes of death and are all directly related to abnormalities in the function of arteries. Vascular intervention techniques have been established for the treatment of all of these pathologies, yet arterial surgery can itself lead to biological changes in which uncontrolled arterial wall cell proliferation leads to restricted blood flow. In this review we describe the intricate cellular composition of arteries, demonstrating how a variety of distinct cell types in the vascular walls regulate the function of arteries. We provide an overview of the developmental origin of arteries and perivascular cells and focus on cellular dynamics in arterial repair. We summarize the current knowledge of the molecular signaling pathways that regulate vascular smooth muscle differentiation in the embryo and in arterial injury response. Our review aims to highlight the similarities as well as differences between cellular and molecular mechanisms that control arterial development and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmas Roostalu
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Jason Kf Wong
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK; Department of Plastic Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Wang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Guo X, Chan EC, Jiang F. Adventitial Activation in the Pathogenesis of Injury-Induced Arterial Remodeling: Potential Implications in Transplant Vasculopathy. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:838-845. [PMID: 29341889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy is one of the major causes of chronic rejection after solid organ transplantation. The pathogenic mechanisms of transplant vasculopathy are still poorly understood. Herein, we summarize current evidence suggesting that activation of the tunica adventitia may be involved in the pathogenesis of transplant vasculopathy. Adventitia is an early responder to various vascular injuries and plays an integral role in eliciting vascular inflammation and remodeling. Accumulation of macrophages in the adventitia promotes the development of vascular remodeling by releasing a variety of paracrine factors that have profound impacts on vascular mural cells. Targeting adventitial macrophages has been shown to be effective for repressing transplantation-induced arterial remodeling in animal models. Adventitia also fosters angiogenesis, and neovascularization of the adventitial layer may facilitate the transport of inflammatory cells through the arterial wall. Further investigations are warranted to clarify whether inhibiting adventitial oxidative stress and/or adventitial neovascularization are better strategies for preventing transplant vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaosun Guo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Elsa C Chan
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research (Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health), Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Rocca A, Tafuri D, Paccone M, Giuliani A, Zamboli AGI, Surfaro G, Paccone A, Compagna R, Amato M, Serra R, Amato B. Cell Based Therapeutic Approach in Vascular Surgery: Application and Review. Open Med (Wars) 2017; 12:308-322. [PMID: 29071303 PMCID: PMC5651406 DOI: 10.1515/med-2017-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stem cells - such as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and stem cells derived from different sources like vascular wall are intensely studied to try to rapidly translate their discovered features from bench to bedside. Vascular wall resident stem cells recruitment, differentiation, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and signaling pathways transduced were analyzed. We studied biological properties of vascular resident stem cells and explored the relationship from several factors as Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulations of biological, translational and clinical features of these cells. In this review we described a translational and clinical approach to Adult Vascular Wall Resident Multipotent Vascular Stem Cells (VW-SCs) and reported their involvement in alternative clinical approach as cells based therapy in vascular disease like arterial aneurysms or peripheral arterial obstructive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rocca
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, ItalyVia Sergio Pansini, 80131Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Sport Sciences and Wellness, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Giuliani
- A.O.R.N. A. Cardarelli Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplatation Center, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Surfaro
- Antonio Cardarelli Hospital, General Surgery Unit, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Paccone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Vincenzo Tiberio, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizo Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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14
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Tian S, Tian X, Liu Y, Dong F, Wang J, Liu X, Zhang Z, Chen H. Effects of TAZ on human dental pulp stem cell proliferation and migration. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4326-4332. [PMID: 28487958 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator with PDZ‑binding motif (TAZ) acts as the key downstream regulatory target in the Hippo signaling pathway. TAZ overexpression has been reported to promote cellular proliferation and induce epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human mammary epithelial cells. However, the effects of TAZ in the regulation of human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) proliferation and migration, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its actions, remain to be elucidated. The present study demonstrated that TAZ was expressed in hDPSCs. TAZ silencing, following hDPSC transfection with TAZ‑specific small interfering (si)RNA (siTAZ), inhibited cellular proliferation and migration in vitro. These effects appeared to be associated with the downregulation of connecting tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine‑rich angiogenic inducer (Cyr) 61 expression. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the actions of TAZ in hDPSCs revealed that TAZ silencing suppressed CTGF and Cyr61 expression by interfering with transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β signaling pathways. The present results suggested that TAZ may be implicated in the proliferation and migration of hDPSCs, through the modulation of CTGF and Cyr61 expression via a TGF‑β‑dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Tian
- Department of Oral Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Physical Examination Center, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Fusheng Dong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Xuqian Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Huizhen Chen
- Department of Oral Medicine, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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15
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Fabian C, Naaldijk Y, Leovsky C, Johnson AA, Rudolph L, Jaeger C, Arnold K, Stolzing A. Distribution pattern following systemic mesenchymal stem cell injection depends on the age of the recipient and neuronal health. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:85. [PMID: 28420415 PMCID: PMC5395862 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show therapeutic efficacy in many different age-related degenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease. Very little is currently known about whether or not aging impacts the transplantation efficiency of MSCs. Methods In this study, we investigated the distribution of intravenously transplanted syngeneic MSCs derived from young and aged mice into young, aged, and transgenic APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s disease mice. MSCs from male donors were transplanted into female mice and their distribution pattern was monitored by PCR using Y-chromosome specific probes. Biodistribution of transplanted MSCs in the brains of APP/PS1 mice was additionally confirmed by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Results Four weeks after transplantation into young mice, young MSCs were found in the lung, axillary lymph nodes, blood, kidney, bone marrow, spleen, liver, heart, and brain cortex. In contrast, young MSCs that were transplanted into aged mice were only found in the brain cortex. In both young and aged mouse recipients, transplantation of aged MSCs showed biodistribution only in the blood and spleen. Although young transplanted MSCs only showed neuronal distribution in the brain cortex in young mice, they exhibited a wide neuronal distribution pattern in the brains of APP/PS1 mice and were found in the cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and brainstem. The immunofluorescent signal of both transplanted MSCs and resident microglia was robust in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. Monocyte chemoattractant-1 levels were lowest in the brain cortex of young mice and were significantly increased in APP/PS1 mice. Within the hippocampus, monocyte chemoattractant-1 levels were significantly higher in aged mice compared with younger and APP/PS1 mice. Conclusions We demonstrate in vivo that MSC biodistribution post transplantation is detrimentally affected by aging and neuronal health. Aging of both the recipient and the donor MSCs used attenuates transplantation efficiency. Clinically, our data would suggest that aged MSCs should not be used for transplantation and that transplantation of MSCs into aged patients will be less efficacious. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0533-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Fabian
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yahaira Naaldijk
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christiane Leovsky
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adiv A Johnson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lukas Rudolph
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Carsten Jaeger
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Stolzing
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics (IZBI), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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16
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Xu J, Wu D, Yang Y, Ji K, Gao P. Endothelial‑like cells differentiated from mesenchymal stem cells attenuate neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4830-4836. [PMID: 27748807 PMCID: PMC5102044 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the contribution of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) to neointimal formation, and whether endothelial-like cells (ELCs) differentiated from BM-MSCs could attenuate intimal hyperplasia following vascular injury. BM-MSCs were isolated from rat femurs and tibias and expanded ex vivo. Differentiation into ELCs was induced by cultivation in the presence of 50 ng/ml vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). MSCs and ELCs were labeled with BrdU and injected via the femoral vein on the day of a balloon-induced carotid artery injury. Carotid artery morphology and histology were examined using ultrasound biomicroscopy and immunohistochemistry. Flow cytometry analysis measured CD31 and CD34 expression, and immunofluorescence analysis measured von Willebrand factor and VEGF receptor 2 expression in ELCs. Ultrasound biomicroscopy observed a significantly increased intima-media thickness in the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and BM-MSCs groups compared with the ELCs group. Intima/media ratios were significantly reduced in the ELCs group compared with the PBS and BM-MSCs groups. At 4 weeks of administration, the cells labeled with BrdU were abundantly located in the adventitial region and neointima. MSCs were able to differentiate into ELCs in vitro. Cell therapy with BM-MSCs was not able to attenuate neointima thickness, however transplantation with ELCs significantly suppressed intimal hyperplasia following vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Duojiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Kaida Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Pingjin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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17
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Kramann R, Goettsch C, Wongboonsin J, Iwata H, Schneider RK, Kuppe C, Kaesler N, Chang-Panesso M, Machado FG, Gratwohl S, Madhurima K, Hutcheson JD, Jain S, Aikawa E, Humphreys BD. Adventitial MSC-like Cells Are Progenitors of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Drive Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:628-642. [PMID: 27618218 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells reside in the vascular wall, but their role in vascular regeneration and disease is poorly understood. Here, we show that Gli1+ cells located in the arterial adventitia are progenitors of vascular smooth muscle cells and contribute to neointima formation and repair after acute injury to the femoral artery. Genetic fate tracing indicates that adventitial Gli1+ MSC-like cells migrate into the media and neointima during athero- and arteriosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice with chronic kidney disease. Our data indicate that Gli1+ cells are a major source of osteoblast-like cells during calcification in the media and intima. Genetic ablation of Gli1+ cells before induction of kidney injury dramatically reduced the severity of vascular calcification. These findings implicate Gli1+ cells as critical adventitial progenitors in vascular remodeling after acute and during chronic injury and suggest that they may be relevant therapeutic targets for mitigation of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Claudia Goettsch
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Janewit Wongboonsin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebekka K Schneider
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA; Division of Hematology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Kaesler
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica Chang-Panesso
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Flavia G Machado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susannah Gratwohl
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kaushal Madhurima
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua D Hutcheson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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18
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Bernardini C, Zannoni A, Bertocchi M, Bianchi F, Salaroli R, Botelho G, Bacci ML, Ventrella V, Forni M. Deleterious effects of tributyltin on porcine vascular stem cells physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 185-186:38-44. [PMID: 26965667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The vascular functional and structural integrity is essential for the maintenance of the whole organism and it has been demonstrated that different types of vascular progenitor cells resident in the vessel wall play an important role in this process. The purpose of the present research was to observe the effect of tributyltin (TBT), a risk factor for vascular disorders, on porcine Aortic Vascular Precursor Cells (pAVPCs) in term of cytotoxicity, gene expression profile, functionality and differentiation potential. We have demonstrated that pAVPCs morphology deeply changed following TBT treatment. After 48h a cytotoxic effect has been detected and Annexin binding assay demonstrated that TBT induced apoptosis. The transcriptional profile of characteristic pericyte markers has been altered: TBT 10nM substantially induced alpha-SMA, while, TBT 500nM determined a significant reduction of all pericyte markers. IL-6 protein detected in the medium of pAVPCs treated with TBT at both doses studied and with a dose response. TBT has interfered with normal pAVPC functionality preventing their ability to support a capillary-like network. In addition TBT has determined an increase of pAVPC adipogenic differentiation. In conclusion in the present paper we have demonstrated that TBT alters the vascular stem cells in terms of structure, functionality and differentiating capability, therefore effects of TBT in blood should be deeply explored to understand the potential vascular risk associated with the alteration of vascular stem cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Augusta Zannoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Bertocchi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianchi
- Stem Wave Institute for Tissue Healing (SWITH), Gruppo Villa Maria (GVM) Care & Research - Ettore Sansavini Health Science Foundation, Lugo, Ravenna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems at the Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Salaroli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DEVET, UNICENTRO - Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences - DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Sun Y, Wang K, Ye P, Wu J, Ren L, Zhang A, Huang X, Deng P, Wu C, Yue Z, Chen Z, Ding X, Chen J, Xia J. MicroRNA-155 Promotes the Directional Migration of Resident Smooth Muscle Progenitor Cells by Regulating Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 in Transplant Arteriosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1230-9. [PMID: 27079875 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.306691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Smooth muscle-like cells are major cell components of transplant arteriosclerosis lesions. This study investigated the origin of the smooth muscle-like cells, the mechanisms responsible for their accumulation in the neointima, and the factors that drive these processes. APPROACH AND RESULTS A murine aortic transplantation model was established by transplanting miR-155(-/-) bone marrow cells into miR-155(+/+) mice. MicroRNA-155 was found to play a functional role in the transplant arteriosclerosis. Moreover, we found that the nonbone marrow-derived progenitor cells with markers of both early differentiated smooth muscles and stem cells in the allograft adventitia were smooth muscle progenitor cells. Purified smooth muscle progenitor cells expressed a mature smooth muscle cell marker when induced by platelet-derived growth factor-BB in vitro. In vivo, these cells could migrate into the intima from the adventitia and could contribute to the neointimal hyperplasia. The loss of microRNA-155 in bone marrow-derived cells decreased the concentration gradient of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 between the intima and the adventitia of the allografts, which reduced the migration of smooth muscle progenitor cells from the adventitia into the neointima. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that microRNA-155 promoted the directional migration of smooth muscle progenitor cells from the adventitia by regulating the monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 concentration gradient, which aggravated transplant arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Sun
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Wang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Ye
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyun Ren
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Anchen Zhang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofan Huang
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Deng
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuangyan Wu
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Yue
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaolei Chen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangchao Ding
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiuling Chen
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- From the Department of Vascular Surgery, The Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China (Y.S., Z.C.); Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (Y.S., K.W., J.W., L.R., A.Z., X.H., P.D., C.W., Z.Y., X.D., J.C., J.X.); and Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (P.Y., L.R., J.X.) and Cardiovascular Surgery (P.Y., L.R., J.X.), Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel P C van der Vorst
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Yvonne Döring
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.P.C.v.d.V., Y.D., C.W.); DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (Y.D., C.W.); and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (C.W.).
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21
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Li J, Xiong J, Yang B, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Luo H, Zhou H, Liu N, Li Y, Song Z, Zheng Q. Endothelial Cell Apoptosis Induces TGF-β Signaling-Dependent Host Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition to Promote Transplant Arteriosclerosis. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:3095-111. [PMID: 26372910 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) apoptosis is an initial event in transplant arteriosclerosis (TA), resulting in allograft function loss. To elucidate the precise mechanisms of ECs apoptosis leading to neointimal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) accumulation during TA. We induced apoptosis in cultured ECs by overexpressing p53 through lentivirus-mediated transfection. ECs apoptosis induced the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in both apoptotic and neighboring viable cells, leading to increased TGF-β1 in the culture media. Conditioned media from Ltv-p53-transfected ECs further promoted transition of cultured ECs to SM-like cells by activating TGF-β/Smad3, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK signaling in a TGF-β-dependent manner. In transgenic rat aorta transplantation models, inhibition of ECs apoptosis in Bcl-xL(+/+) knock-in rat aortic allografts significantly reduced TGF-β1 production both in allograft endothelia and in blood plasma, which in turn decreased accumulation of SM22α+ cells from transgenic recipient ECs originally marked with EGFP knock-in in neointima and alleviated TA. Systemic treatment with SIS3, AP23573, or PD98059 also prevented recipient ECs-originated SM-like cells accumulation and intima hyperplasia in aortic allografts. These data suggest that allograft EC apoptosis induced recipient endothelial-mesenchymal (smooth muscle) transition via TGF-β signaling, resulting in recipient EC-derived SMC accumulation as a major mechanism of vascular remodeling during TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - B Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - H Luo
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - H Zhou
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - N Liu
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Urology Oncological Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Hospital & Institute & Cancer Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Z Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
| | - Q Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, China
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22
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Proinflammatory role of stem cells in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:1303-11.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Majesky
- From the Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, WA; and Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle.
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24
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Bai X, Qi Z, Song G, Zhao X, Zhao H, Meng X, Liu C, Bing W, Bi Y. Effects of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and Nuclear Factor of Kappa B Pathway in Rejection of Cardiac Allograft in Rat. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2010-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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25
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Bar-Or D, Thomas GW, Rael LT, Gersch ED, Rubinstein P, Brody E. Low Molecular Weight Fraction of Commercial Human Serum Albumin Induces Morphologic and Transcriptional Changes of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:945-55. [PMID: 26041739 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disease of the joint; however, the therapeutic options for severe OA are limited. The low molecular weight fraction of commercial 5% human serum albumin (LMWF5A) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties that are mediated, in part, by a diketopiperazine that is present in the albumin preparation and that was demonstrated to be safe and effective in reducing pain and improving function when administered intra-articularly in a phase III clinical trial. In the present study, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) exposed to LMWF5A exhibited an elongated phenotype with diffuse intracellular F-actin, pronounced migratory leading edges, and filopodia-like projections. In addition, LMWF5A promoted chondrogenic condensation in "micromass" culture, concurrent with the upregulation of collagen 2α1 mRNA. Furthermore, the transcription of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis was significantly regulated in a manner conducive to migration and homing. Several transcription factors involved in stem cell differentiation were also found to bind oligonucleotide response element probes following exposure to LMWF5A. Finally, a rapid increase in PRAS40 phosphorylation was observed following treatment, potentially resulting in the activation mTORC1. Proteomic analysis of synovial fluid taken from a preliminary set of patients indicated that at 12 weeks following administration of LMWF5A, a microenvironment exists in the knee conducive to stem cell infiltration, self-renewal, and differentiation, in addition to indications of remodeling with a reduction in inflammation. Taken together, these findings imply that LMWF5A treatment may prime stem cells for both mobilization and chondrogenic differentiation, potentially explaining some of the beneficial effects achieved in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bar-Or
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory W Thomas
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Leonard T Rael
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Gersch
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Pablo Rubinstein
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward Brody
- Swedish Medical Center, Trauma Research Department, Englewood, Colorado, USA; St. Anthony Hospital, Trauma Research Department, Lakewood, Colorado, USA; Medical Center of Plano, Trauma Research Department, Plano, Texas, USA; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc., Englewood, Colorado, USA; New York Blood Center, New York, New York, USA; SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, Colorado, USA
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26
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Inhibitory role of reactive oxygen species in the differentiation of multipotent vascular stem cells into vascular smooth muscle cells in rats: a novel aspect of traditional culture of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 362:97-113. [PMID: 26022334 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2193-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative or synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are widely accepted to be mainly derived from the dedifferentiation or phenotypic modulation of mature contractile VSMCs, i.e., a phenotype switch from a normally quiescent and contractile type into a proliferative or synthetic form. However, this theory has been challenged by recent evidence that synthetic VSMCs predominantly originate instead from media-derived multipotent vascular stem cells (MVSCs). To test these hypotheses further, we re-examine whether the conventional rat aortic SMC (RASMC) culture involves the VSMC differentiation of MVSCs or the dedifferentiation of mature VSMCs and the potential mechanism for controlling the synthetic phenotype of RASMCs. We enzymatically isolated RASMCs and cultured the cells in both a regular growth medium (RGM) and a stem cell growth medium (SCGM). Regardless of culture conditions, only a small portion of freshly isolated RASMCs attaches, survives and grows slowly during the first 7 days of primary culture, while expressing both SMC- and MVSC-specific markers. RGM-cultured cells undergo a process of synthetic SMC differentiation, whereas SCGM-cultured cells can be differentiated into not only synthetic SMCs but also other somatic cells. Notably, compared with the RGM-cultured differentiated RASMCs, the SCGM-cultured undifferentiated cells exhibit the phenotype of MVSCs and generate greater amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as a negative regulator of differentiation into synthetic VSMCs. Knockdown of phospholipase A2, group 7 (Pla2g7) suppresses ROS formation in the MVSCs while enhancing SMC differentiation of MVSCs. These results suggest that cultured synthetic VSMCs can be derived from the SMC differentiation of MVSCs with ROS as a negative regulator.
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27
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Scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) and suprabasin (SBSN) are hub genes of coexpression network modules associated with peripheral vein graft patency. J Vasc Surg 2015; 64:202-209.e6. [PMID: 25935274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 30% of autogenous vein grafts develop luminal narrowing and fail because of intimal hyperplasia or negative remodeling. We previously found that vein graft cells from patients who later develop stenosis proliferate more in vitro in response to growth factors than cells from patients who maintain patent grafts. To discover novel determinants of vein graft outcome, we have analyzed gene expression profiles of these cells using a systems biology approach to cluster the genes into modules by their coexpression patterns and to correlate the results with growth data from our prior study and with new studies of migration and matrix remodeling. METHODS RNA from 4-hour serum- or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated human saphenous vein cells obtained from the outer vein wall (20 cell lines) was used for microarray analysis of gene expression, followed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis. Cell migration in microchemotaxis chambers in response to PDGF-BB and cell-mediated collagen gel contraction in response to serum were also determined. Gene function was determined using short-interfering RNA to inhibit gene expression before subjecting cells to growth or collagen gel contraction assays. These cells were derived from samples of the vein grafts obtained at surgery, and the long-term fate of these bypass grafts was known. RESULTS Neither migration nor cell-mediated collagen gel contraction showed a correlation with graft outcome. Although 1188 and 1340 genes were differentially expressed in response to treatment with serum and PDGF, respectively, no single gene was differentially expressed in cells isolated from patients whose grafts stenosed compared with those that remained patent. Network analysis revealed four unique groups of genes, which we term modules, associated with PDGF responses, and 20 unique modules associated with serum responses. The "yellow" and "skyblue" modules, from PDGF and serum analyses, respectively, correlated with later graft stenosis (P = .005 and P = .02, respectively). In response to PDGF, yellow was also associated with increased cell growth. For serum, skyblue was also associated with inhibition of collagen gel contraction. The hub genes for yellow and skyblue (ie, the gene most connected to other genes in the module), scavenger receptor class A member 5 (SCARA5) and suprabasin (SBSN), respectively, were tested for effects on proliferation and collagen contraction. Knockdown of SCARA5 increased proliferation by 29.9% ± 7.8% (P < .01), whereas knockdown of SBSN had no effect. Knockdown of SBSN increased collagen gel contraction by 24.2% ± 8.6% (P < .05), whereas knockdown of SCARA5 had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis of cultured vein graft cell gene expression, we have discovered two small gene modules, which comprise 42 genes, that are associated with vein graft failure. Further experiments are needed to delineate the venous cells that express these genes in vivo and the roles these genes play in vein graft healing, starting with the module hub genes SCARA5 and SBSN, which have been shown to have modest effects on cell proliferation or collagen gel contraction.
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28
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Abstract
It has recently been proposed that heart failure is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Decreased cerebral blood flow and neurohormonal activation due to heart failure may contribute to the dysfunction of the neurovascular unit and cause an energy crisis in neurons. This leads to the impaired clearance of amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, resulting in the formation of amyloid beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In this article, we will summarize the current understanding of the relationship between heart failure and Alzheimer's disease based on epidemiological studies, brain imaging research, pathological findings and the use of animal models. The importance of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, blood pressure and valve disease as well as the effect of relevant medications will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cermakova
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetHuddinge, Sweden
- International Clinical Research Center and St. Anne's University HospitalBrno, Czech Republic
| | - M Eriksdotter
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - L H Lund
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - B Winblad
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetHuddinge, Sweden
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - P Religa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska InstitutetStockholm, Sweden
| | - D Religa
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska InstitutetHuddinge, Sweden
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
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29
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Amato B, Compagna R, Amato M, Grande R, Butrico L, Rossi A, Naso A, Ruggiero M, de Franciscis S, Serra R. Adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular stem cells, matrix metalloproteinases, and arterial aneurysms. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:434962. [PMID: 25866513 PMCID: PMC4381852 DOI: 10.1155/2015/434962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidences have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells (SCs) at sites of arterial aneurysms: they can differentiate into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and are activated after residing in a quiescent state in the vascular wall. Recent studies have implicated the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of arterial aneurysms: in fact the increased synthesis of MMPs by arterial SMCs is thought to be a pivotal mechanism in aneurysm formation. The factors and signaling pathways involved in regulating wall resident SC recruitment, survival, proliferation, growth factor production, and differentiation may be also related to selective expression of different MMPs. This review explores the relationship between adult vascular wall resident multipotent vascular SCs, MMPs, and arterial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Amato
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Compagna
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Amato
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Grande
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia Butrico
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessio Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 88100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Agostino Naso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Ruggiero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano de Franciscis
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy ; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Prandi F, Piola M, Soncini M, Colussi C, D’Alessandra Y, Penza E, Agrifoglio M, Vinci MC, Polvani G, Gaetano C, Fiore GB, Pesce M. Adventitial vessel growth and progenitor cells activation in an ex vivo culture system mimicking human saphenous vein wall strain after coronary artery bypass grafting. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117409. [PMID: 25689822 PMCID: PMC4331547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Saphenous vein graft disease is a timely problem in coronary artery bypass grafting. Indeed, after exposure of the vein to arterial blood flow, a progressive modification in the wall begins, due to proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the intima. As a consequence, the graft progressively occludes and this leads to recurrent ischemia. In the present study we employed a novel ex vivo culture system to assess the biological effects of arterial-like pressure on the human saphenous vein structure and physiology, and to compare the results to those achieved in the presence of a constant low pressure and flow mimicking the physiologic vein perfusion. While under both conditions we found an activation of Matrix Metallo-Proteases 2/9 and of microRNAs-21/146a/221, a specific effect of the arterial-like pressure was observed. This consisted in a marked geometrical remodeling, in the suppression of Tissue Inhibitor of Metallo-Protease-1, in the enhanced expression of TGF-β1 and BMP-2 mRNAs and, finally, in the upregulation of microRNAs-138/200b/200c. In addition, the veins exposed to arterial-like pressure showed an increase in the density of the adventitial vasa vasorum and of cells co-expressing NG2, CD44 and SM22α markers in the adventitia. Cells with nuclear expression of Sox-10, a transcription factor characterizing multipotent vascular stem cells, were finally found in adventitial vessels. Our findings suggest, for the first time, a role of arterial-like wall strain in the activation of pro-pathologic pathways resulting in adventitial vessels growth, activation of vasa vasorum cells, and upregulation of specific gene products associated to vascular remodeling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Prandi
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piola
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Soncini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Colussi
- Istituto di Patologia Medica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Yuri D’Alessandra
- Unità di Immunologia e Genomica Funzionale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Penza
- II Divisione di Cardiochirurgia, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Agrifoglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Polvani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Gaetano
- Division of Cardiovascular Epigenetics, Goethe University, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany
| | | | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells enhance the migration and chondrogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:323454. [PMID: 25663840 PMCID: PMC4309296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/323454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in cartilage repair is the lack of chondrogenic cells migrating from healthy tissue into damaged areas and strategies to promote this should be developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peripheral blood derived mononuclear cell (PBMC) stimulation on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from the infrapatellar fat pad of human OA knee.
Cell migration was measured using an xCELLigence electronic migration chamber system in combination with scratch assays. Gene expression was quantified with stem cell PCR arrays and validated using quantitative real-time PCR (rtPCR). In both migration assays PBMCs increased MSC migration by comparison to control. In scratch assay the wound closure was 55% higher after 3 hours in the PBMC stimulated test group (P = 0.002), migration rate was 9 times faster (P = 0.008), and total MSC migration was 25 times higher after 24 hours (P = 0.014). Analysis of MSCs by PCR array demonstrated that PBMCs induced the upregulation of genes associated with chondrogenic differentiation over 15-fold. In conclusion, PBMCs increase both MSC migration and differentiation suggesting that they are an ideal candidate for inclusion in regenerative medicine therapies aimed at cartilage repair.
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Chen Z, Herrmann SMS, Zhu X, Jordan KL, Gloviczki ML, Lerman A, Textor SC, Lerman LO. Preserved function of late-outgrowth endothelial cells in medically treated hypertensive patients under well-controlled conditions. Hypertension 2014; 64:808-14. [PMID: 25047576 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) participate in renal repair, but their number and function may be impaired by exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The number of circulating EPCs is decreased in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients, but the effects of hypertension on EPC function are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that EPC function was preserved under well-controlled conditions in treated hypertensive patients. Patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS; n=22) or essential hypertension (n=24) were studied during controlled sodium intake and antihypertensive regimen. Late-outgrowth EPCs were isolated from the inferior vena cava (IVC) and renal vein blood of ARAS and essential hypertension patients and a peripheral vein of matched normotensive controls (n=18). The angiogenic function of EPCs was assessed in vitro, and multidetector computed tomography was used to measure single-kidney hemodynamics and function in ARAS and essential hypertension patients. Inflammatory biomarkers and EPC homing signal levels and renal release were calculated. Inferior vena cava and renal vein-obtained EPC function were similar in ARAS and essential hypertension patients and comparable to that in normal controls (tube length, 171.86±16.846, 191.09±14.222, 174.925±19.774 μm, respectively). Function of renal vein-obtained EPCs directly correlated with stenotic kidney glomerular filtration rate, EPC homing factors, and anti-inflammatory mediator levels in ARAS patients. Therefore, EPC function was relatively preserved in ARAS patients, although it directly correlated with renal function. Adequate EPC function supports the feasibility of using autologous EPCs as a therapeutic option in essential and renovascular hypertensive patients. Homing signals and inflammatory mediators may potentially regulate EPC angiogenic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Sandra M S Herrmann
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Monika L Gloviczki
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Amir Lerman
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Stephen C Textor
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.)
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- From the Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension (Z.C., S.M.S.H., X.Z., K.L.J., M.L.G., S.C.T., L.O.L.) and Cardiovascular Diseases (A.L., L.O.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Division of Nephrology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin, China (Z.C.).
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Abstract
A series of studies has been presented in the search for proof of circulating and resident vascular progenitor cells, which can differentiate into endothelial and smooth muscle cells and pericytes in animal and human studies. In terms of pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, iPS, and partial-iPS cells, they display a great potential for vascular lineage differentiation. Development of stem cell therapy for treatment of vascular and ischemic diseases remains a major challenging research field. At the present, there is a clear expansion of research into mechanisms of stem cell differentiation into vascular lineages that are tested in animal models. Although there are several clinical trials ongoing that primarily focus on determining the benefits of stem cell transplantation in ischemic heart or peripheral ischemic tissues, intensive investigation for translational aspects of stem cell therapy would be needed. It is a hope that stem cell therapy for vascular diseases could be developed for clinic application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (Q.X.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (L.Z.); and Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, United Kingdom (Q.X.).
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Role of the vasa vasorum and vascular resident stem cells in atherosclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:701571. [PMID: 24724094 PMCID: PMC3960518 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is considered an "inside-out" response, that begins with the dysfunction of intimal endothelial cells and leads to neointimal plaque formation. The adventitia of large blood vessels has been recognized as an active part of the vessel wall that is involved in the process of atherosclerosis. There are characteristic changes in the adventitial vasa vasorum that are associated with the development of atheromatous plaques. However, whether vasa vasorum plays a causative or merely reactive role in the atherosclerotic process is not completely clear. Recent studies report that the vascular wall contains a number of stem/progenitor cells that may contribute to vascular remodeling. Microvessels serve as the vascular niche that maintains the resident stem/progenitor cells of the tissue. Therefore, the vasa vasorum may contribute to vascular remodeling through not only its conventional function as a blood conducting tube, but also its new conceptual function as a stem cell reservoir. This brief review highlights the recent advances contributing to our understanding of the role of the adventitial vasa vasorum in the atherosclerosis and discusses new concept that involves vascular-resident factors, the vasa vasorum and its associated vascular-resident stem cells, in the atherosclerotic process.
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Luo Z, Li D, Kohli MR, Yu Q, Kim S, He WX. Effect of Biodentine™ on the proliferation, migration and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells. J Dent 2014; 42:490-7. [PMID: 24440605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the proliferative, migratory and adhesion effect of Biodentine™, a new tricalcium silicate cement formulation, on the human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). METHODS The cell cultures of hDPSCs obtained from impacted third molars were treated with Biodentine™ extract at four different concentrations: Biodentine™ 0.02mg/ml (BD 0.02), Biodentine™ 0.2mg/ml (BD 0.2), Biodentine™ 2mg/ml (BD 2) and Biodentine™ 20mg/ml (BD 20). Human dental pulp stem cells proliferation was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) and BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) viability analysis at different times. Migration was investigated by microphotographs of wound healing and transwell migration assays. Adhesion assay was performed as well in presence of BD 0.2, BD 2 and blank control, while qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain) was used for further analysis of the mRNA expression of chemokine and adhesion molecules in hDPSCs. RESULTS Biodentine™ significantly increased proliferation of stem cells at BD 0.2 and BD 2 concentrations while decreased significantly at higher concentration of BD 20. BD 0.2 concentration had a statistically significant increased migration and adhesion abilities. In addition, qRT-PCR results showed that BD 0.2 could have effect on the mRNA expression of chemokines and adhesion molecules in human dental pulp stem cells. CONCLUSIONS The data imply that Biodentine™ is a bioactive and biocompatible material capable of enhancing hDPSCs proliferation, migration and adhesion abilities. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Biodentine™ when placed in direct contact with the pulp during pulp exposure can positively influence healing by enhancing the proliferation, migration and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Luo
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Department of VIP Dental Care, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Meetu R Kohli
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Syngcuk Kim
- Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wen-Xi He
- Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China.
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Over-expression of HSP47 augments mouse embryonic stem cell smooth muscle differentiation and chemotaxis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86118. [PMID: 24454956 PMCID: PMC3894195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent decade, embryonic stem cells (ESC) have emerged as an attractive cell source of smooth muscle cells (SMC) for vascular tissue engineering owing to their unlimited self-renewal and differentiation capacities. Despite their promise in therapy, their efficacy is still hampered by the lack of definitive SMC differentiation mechanisms and difficulties in successful trafficking of the ESC towards a site of injury or target tissue. Heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) is a 47-kDa molecular chaperone that is required for the maturation of various types of collagen and has been shown to be a critical modulator of different pathological and physiological processes. To date, the role of HSP47 on ESC to SMC differentiation or ESC chemotaxis is not known and may represent a potential molecular approach by which ESC can be manipulated to increase their efficacy in clinic. We provide evidence that HSP47 is highly expressed during ESC differentiation into the SMC lineage and that HSP47 reduction results in an attenuation of the differentiation. Our experiments using a HSP47 plasmid transfection system show that gene over-expression is sufficient to induce ESC-SMC differentiation, even in the absence of exogenous stimuli. Furthermore, HSP47 over-expression in ESC also increases their chemotaxis and migratory responses towards a panel of chemokines, likely via the upregulation of chemokine receptors. Our findings provide direct evidence of induced ESC migration and differentiation into SMC via the over-expression of HSP47, thus identifying a novel approach of molecular manipulation that can potentially be exploited to improve stem cell therapy for vascular repair and regeneration.
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