1
|
Chen H, Zhang L, Mi S, Wang H, Wang C, Jia W, Gong L, Dong H, Xu B, Jing Y, Ge P, Pei Z, Zhong L, Yang J. FURIN suppresses the progression of atherosclerosis by promoting macrophage autophagy. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22933. [PMID: 37093709 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201762rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
FURIN, a member of the mammalian proprotein convertases (PCs) family, can promote the proteolytic maturation of proproteins. It has been shown that FURIN plays an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). Current evidence indicates that autophagy widely participates in atherogenesis. This study aimed to explore whether FURIN could affect atherogenesis via autophagy. The effect of FURIN on autophagy was studied using aortic tissues from aortic dissection patients who had BENTALL surgery, as well as macrophages and ApoE-/- mice. In atherosclerotic plaques of aortic tissues from patients, FURIN expression and autophagy were elevated. In macrophages, FURIN-shRNA and FURIN-overexpression lentivirus were used to intervene in FURIN expression. The results showed that FURIN overexpression accelerated LC3 formation in macrophages during the autophagosome formation phase. Furthermore, FURIN-induced autophagy resulted in lower lipid droplet concentrations in macrophages. The western blot revealed that FURIN regulated autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway. In vivo, FURIN overexpression resulted in increased macrophage LC3 formation in ApoE-/- mice atherosclerotic plaques, confirming that FURIN could inhibit the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy. The present study demonstrated that FURIN suppressed the progression of AS by promoting macrophage autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1/PI3KIII signaling pathway, which attenuated atherosclerotic lesion formation. Based on this data, current findings add to our understanding of the complexity of AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Chen
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Shaohua Mi
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Haibin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- The 2nd Medical Colloge, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanyan Jing
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Peipei Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Zhigang Pei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Lin Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Yuhuangding Hospital, The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine of Qingdao University, Yantai, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tsai YT, Li CY, Huang YH, Chang TS, Lin CY, Chuang CH, Wang CY, Anuraga G, Chang TH, Shih TC, Lin ZY, Chen YL, Chung I, Lee KH, Chang CC, Sung SY, Yang KH, Tsui WL, Yap CV, Wu MH. Galectin-1 orchestrates an inflammatory tumor-stroma crosstalk in hepatoma by enhancing TNFR1 protein stability and signaling in carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2022; 41:3011-3023. [PMID: 35459781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02309-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arise with the fibrotic microenvironment where hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are critical components in HCC progression. Therefore, CAF normalization could be a feasible therapy for HCC. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is critical for HSC activation and liver fibrosis. However, few studies has evaluated the pathological role of Gal-1 in HCC stroma and its role in hepatic CAF is unclear. Here we showed that Gal-1 mainly expressed in HCC stroma, but not cancer cells. High expression of Gal-1 is correlated with CAF markers and poor prognoses of HCC patients. In co-culture systems, targeting Gal-1 in CAFs or HSCs, using small hairpin (sh)RNAs or an therapeutic inhibitor (LLS30), downregulated plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) production which suppressed cancer stem-like cell properties and invasion ability of HCC in a paracrine manner. The Gal-1-targeting effect was mediated by increased a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-dependent TNF-receptor 1 (TNFR1) shedding/cleavage which inhibited the TNF-α → JNK → c-Jun/ATF2 signaling axis of pro-inflammatory gene transcription. Silencing Gal-1 in CAFs inhibited CAF-augmented HCC progression and reprogrammed the CAF-mediated inflammatory responses in a co-injection xenograft model. Taken together, the findings uncover a crucial role of Gal-1 in CAFs that orchestrates an inflammatory CSC niche supporting HCC progression and demonstrate that targeting Gal-1 could be a potential therapy for fibrosis-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tsung Tsai
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Li
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Sheng Chang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chieh Shih
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zu-Yau Lin
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ling Chen
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ivy Chung
- Universiti Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kuen-Haur Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che-Chang Chang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Ying Sung
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Huei Yang
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lin Tsui
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Voon Yap
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Heng Wu
- International PhD Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Yang B, Wu C, Guo Y, Jiang X, Zhang Y. Role of circular RNAs in osteoarthritis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1279. [PMID: 34594416 PMCID: PMC8456490 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic bone and joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degeneration and joint inflammation. OA is the most common form of arthritis, and the major clinical manifestations of OA are chronic pain and joint activity disorder, which severely affect patients' quality of life. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Unlike standard linear RNAs, they form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5' or 3' polarity. They are usually considered as byproducts of mis-splicing or mRNA processing. CircRNAs have been detected and identified in numerous species. Various studies have confirmed that certain circRNAs are differentially expressed in OA cartilage and are closely associated with a variety of pathological processes of OA, including extracellular matrix degradation, inflammation and apoptosis. The present study reviewed the latest research on circRNAs in the pathogenesis of OA, providing a novel direction for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jicheng Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Changkun Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhi Guo
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Madjene C, Boutigny A, Bouton MC, Arocas V, Richard B. Protease Nexin-1 in the Cardiovascular System: Wherefore Art Thou? Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:652852. [PMID: 33869311 PMCID: PMC8044347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.652852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between proteases and protease inhibitors plays a critical role in tissue remodeling during cardiovascular diseases. Different serine protease inhibitors termed serpins, which are expressed in the cardiovascular system, can exert a fine-tuned regulation of protease activities. Among them, protease nexin-1 (PN-1, encoded by SERPINE2) is a very powerful thrombin inhibitor and can also inactivate plasminogen activators and plasmin. Studies have shown that this serpin is expressed by all cell subpopulations in the vascular wall and by circulating cells but is barely detectable in plasma in the free form. PN-1 present in platelet granules and released upon activation has been shown to present strong antithrombotic and antifibrinolytic properties. PN-1 has a broad spectrum of action related to both hemostatic and blood vessel wall protease activities. Different studies showed that PN-1 is not only an important protector of vascular cells against protease activities but also a significant actor in the clearance of the complexes it forms with its targets. In this context, PN-1 overexpression has been observed in the pathophysiology of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) and during the development of atherosclerosis in humans. Similarly, in the heart, PN-1 has been shown to be overexpressed in a mouse model of heart failure and to be involved in cardiac fibrosis. Overall, PN-1 appears to serve as a "hand brake" for protease activities during cardiovascular remodeling. This review will thus highlight the role of PN-1 in the cardiovascular system and deliver a comprehensive assessment of its position among serpins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celina Madjene
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Boutigny
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Veronique Arocas
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France.,X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Richard
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.,X. Bichat Hospital, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yaron JR, Zhang L, Guo Q, Haydel SE, Lucas AR. Fibrinolytic Serine Proteases, Therapeutic Serpins and Inflammation: Fire Dancers and Firestorms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:648947. [PMID: 33869309 PMCID: PMC8044766 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.648947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The making and breaking of clots orchestrated by the thrombotic and thrombolytic serine protease cascades are critical determinants of morbidity and mortality during infection and with vascular or tissue injury. Both the clot forming (thrombotic) and the clot dissolving (thrombolytic or fibrinolytic) cascades are composed of a highly sensitive and complex relationship of sequentially activated serine proteases and their regulatory inhibitors in the circulating blood. The proteases and inhibitors interact continuously throughout all branches of the cardiovascular system in the human body, representing one of the most abundant groups of proteins in the blood. There is an intricate interaction of the coagulation cascades with endothelial cell surface receptors lining the vascular tree, circulating immune cells, platelets and connective tissue encasing the arterial layers. Beyond their role in control of bleeding and clotting, the thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades initiate immune cell responses, representing a front line, "off-the-shelf" system for inducing inflammatory responses. These hemostatic pathways are one of the first response systems after injury with the fibrinolytic cascade being one of the earliest to evolve in primordial immune responses. An equally important contributor and parallel ancient component of these thrombotic and thrombolytic serine protease cascades are the serine protease inhibitors, termed serpins. Serpins are metastable suicide inhibitors with ubiquitous roles in coagulation and fibrinolysis as well as multiple central regulatory pathways throughout the body. Serpins are now known to also modulate the immune response, either via control of thrombotic and thrombolytic cascades or via direct effects on cellular phenotypes, among many other functions. Here we review the co-evolution of the thrombolytic cascade and the immune response in disease and in treatment. We will focus on the relevance of these recent advances in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a "respiratory" coronavirus that causes extensive cardiovascular pathogenesis, with microthrombi throughout the vascular tree, resulting in severe and potentially fatal coagulopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R. Yaron
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Qiuyun Guo
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Shelley E. Haydel
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Alexandra R. Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Is Spironolactone the Preferred Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitor for Protection Against COVID-19? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 77:323-331. [PMID: 33278189 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The high mortality of specific groups from COVID-19 highlights the importance of host-viral interactions and the potential benefits from enhancing host defenses. SARS-CoV-2 requires angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 as a receptor for cell entry and infection. Although both ACE inhibitors and spironolactone can upregulate tissue ACE2, there are important points of discrimination between these approaches. The virus requires proteolytic processing of its spike protein by transmembrane protease receptor serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) to enable binding to cellular ACE2. Because TMPRSS2 contains an androgen promoter, it may be downregulated by the antiandrogenic actions of spironolactone. Furin and plasmin also process the spike protein. They are inhibited by protease nexin 1 or serpin E2 (PN1) that is upregulated by angiotensin II but downregulated by aldosterone. Therefore, spironolactone should selectively downregulate furin and plasmin. Furin also promotes pulmonary edema, whereas plasmin promotes hemovascular dysfunction. Thus, a downregulation of furin and plasmin by PN1 could be a further benefit of MRAs beyond their well-established organ protection. We review the evidence that spironolactone may be the preferred RASSi to increase PN1 and decrease TMPRSS2, furin, and plasmin activities and thereby reduce viral cell binding, entry, infectivity, and bad outcomes. This hypothesis requires direct investigation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Exome sequencing of extreme phenotypes in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:579-586. [PMID: 31848748 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the most common chronic respiratory disease in premature infants with growing evidence that genetic factors contribute largely to moderate and severe cases. We assessed by exome sequencing if rare genetic variants could account for extremely severe phenotypes. We selected 6 infants born very preterm with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 8 very preterm born controls for exome sequencing. We filtered whole exome sequencing results to include only rare variants and selected variants and/or genes with variants that were present in at least 2 cases and absent in controls. We selected variants, all heterozygous, in 9 candidate genes, 7 with a putative role in lung development and 2 that displayed 3 variations in 3 different cases, independently of their potential role in lung development. Sequencing of 5 other severe cases for these variants did not replicate our results.Conclusion: In selected preterm born infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and controls, we failed to find any rare variant shared by several infants with an extremely severe phenotype. Our results are not consistent with the role of rare causative variants in bronchopulmonary dysplasia's development and argue for the highly polygenic nature of susceptibility of this disorder.What is Known:• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a multifactorial disease resulting from complex environmental and genetic interactions occurring in an immature lung.• It is not known whether rare genetic variants in coding regions could account for extreme phenotypes of the disease.What is New:• In a group of infants with an extreme phenotype of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and in comparison to controls, no common genetic variants were found, nor did variants that were select in other exome studies in this setting.• These results argue for the highly polygenic nature of susceptibility of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Collapse
|
8
|
Protease Nexin I is a feedback regulator of EGF/PKC/MAPK/EGR1 signaling in breast cancer cells metastasis and stemness. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 31501409 PMCID: PMC6733841 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide, which remains incurable once metastatic. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a small subset of breast cancer cells, which are the radical cause of drug resistance, tumor relapse, and metastasis in breast cancer. The extracellular serine protease inhibitor serpinE2, also named protease nexin-1 (PN-1), contributes to enhanced metastasis of cancer cells mainly by remodeling the tumor matrix. In this study, we found that PN-1 was up-regulated in breast cancer, which promoted cell invasion, migration and stemness. Furthermore, by using specific inhibitors, we discovered that epidermal growth factor (EGF) up-regulated PN-1 in breast cancer cells through cascade activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to the activation of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), which finally led to the up-regulation of early growth response protein 1 (EGR1). Moreover, EGF signaling was further activated as a feedback of PN-1 up-regulation through PN-1 blocking HtrA1. Taken together, our findings revealed a novel signaling axis that up-regulated PN-1 expression in breast cancer cells, and the new mechanism of PN-1-promoted breast cancer metastasis, which may provide new insights into identifying novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer.
Collapse
|
9
|
Shen S, Wu Y, Chen J, Xie Z, Huang K, Wang G, Yang Y, Ni W, Chen Z, Shi P, Ma Y, Fan S. CircSERPINE2 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting miR-1271 and ETS-related gene. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:826-836. [PMID: 30923232 PMCID: PMC6579553 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Circular RNAs (circRNA) expression aberration has been identified in various human diseases. In this study, we investigated whether circRNAs could act as competing endogenous RNAs to regulate the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods CircRNA deep sequencing was performed to the expression of circRNAs between OA and control cartilage tissues. The regulatory and functional role of CircSERPINE2 upregulation was examined in OA and was validated in vitro and in vivo, downstream target of CircSERPINE2 was explored. RNA pull down, a luciferase reporter assay, biotin-coupled microRNA capture and fluorescence in situ hybridisation were used to evaluate the interaction between CircSERPINE2 and miR-1271-5 p, as well as the target mRNA, E26 transformation-specific-related gene (ERG). The role and mechanism of CircSERPINE2 in OA was also explored in rabbit models. Results The decreased expression of CircSERPINE2 in the OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, CircSERPINE2 acted as a sponge of miR-1271-5 p and functioned in human chondrocytes (HCs) through targeting miR-1271-5 p and ERG. Intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus-CircSERPINE2-wt alleviated OA in the rabbit model. Conclusions Our results reveal an important role for a novel circRNA-CircSERPINE2 in OA progression. CircSERPINE2 overexpression could alleviate HCs apoptosis and promote anabolism of ECM through miR-1271-ERG pathway. It provides a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for OA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Kangmao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Gangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yute Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Weiyu Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Peihua Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University school of medicine & KeyLaboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310016, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating chronic, progressive and irreversible disease that remains refractory to current therapies. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), have been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis since decades. Coagulation signalling deregulation, which influences several key inflammatory and fibro-proliferative responses, is also essential in IPF pathogenesis, and a growing body of evidence indicates that Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) inhibition in IPF may be promising for future evaluation. Therefore, proteases and anti-proteases aroused great biomedical interest over the past years, owing to the identification of their potential roles in lung fibrosis. During these last decades, numerous other proteases and anti-proteases have been studied in lung fibrosis, such as matriptase, Human airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), Hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA)/HGFA activator inhibitor (HAI) system, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, Protease nexine (PN)-1, cathepsins, calpains, and cystatin C. Herein, we provide a general overview of the proteases and anti-proteases unbalance during lung fibrogenesis and explore potential therapeutics for IPF.
Collapse
|
11
|
Proprotein convertase furin/PCSK3 and atherosclerosis: New insights and potential therapeutic targets. Atherosclerosis 2017; 262:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
SERPINE2/Protease Nexin-1 in vivo multiple functions: Does the puzzle make sense? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:160-169. [PMID: 27545616 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of glial cells and fibroblasts allowed and lead to the identification SERPINE2/Protease Nexin-1 (SERPINE2/PN-1). Cellular, biochemical, immunological and molecular characterization substantiated its variable expression in many organs as a function of development, adult stages, pathological situations or following injury. It is not a circulating serpin, but as other members of the family, its target specificity is influenced by components of the extracellular matrix. The challenges are to identify where and when SERPINE2/PN-1 modulatory action becomes crucial or even possibly specific in a mosaic of feasible in vivo impacts. Data providing correlations are not sufficient to satisfy this aim. Genetically modified mice, or tissue derived thereof, provide interesting in vivo models to identify and study the relevance of this serpin. This review will highlight sometimes-intriguing results indicating a crucial impact of SERPINE2/PN-1, especially in the vasculature, the nervous system or the behavior of cancer cells in vivo. Data presently available will be discussed in an attempt to define general trends in the diversity of SERPINE2/PN-1 modes of action in vivo.
Collapse
|
13
|
Solleti SK, Srisuma S, Bhattacharya S, Rangel-Moreno J, Bijli KM, Randall TD, Rahman A, Mariani TJ. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation. FASEB J 2016; 30:2615-26. [PMID: 27059719 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500159r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Serine proteinase inhibitor, clade E, member 2 (SERPINE2), is a cell- and extracellular matrix-associated inhibitor of thrombin. Although SERPINE2 is a candidate susceptibility gene for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the physiologic role of this protease inhibitor in lung development and homeostasis is unknown. We observed spontaneous monocytic-cell infiltration in the lungs of Serpine2-deficient (SE2(-/-)) mice, beginning at or before the time of lung maturity, which resulted in lesions that resembled bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). The initiation of lymphocyte accumulation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice involved the excessive expression of chemokines, cytokines, and adhesion molecules that are essential for BALT induction, organization, and maintenance. BALT-like lesion formation in the lungs of SE2(-/-) mice was also associated with a significant increase in the activation of thrombin, a recognized target of SE2, and excess stimulation of NF-κB, a major regulator of chemokine expression and inflammation. Finally, systemic delivery of thrombin rapidly stimulated lung chemokine expression in vivo These data uncover a novel mechanism whereby loss of serine protease inhibition leads to lung lymphocyte accumulation.-Solleti, S. K., Srisuma, S., Bhattacharya, S., Rangel-Moreno, J., Bijli, K. M., Randall, T. D., Rahman, A., Mariani, T. J. Serpine2 deficiency results in lung lymphocyte accumulation and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Kumar Solleti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Sorachai Srisuma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Javier Rangel-Moreno
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University/Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Arshad Rahman
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Selbonne S, Francois D, Raoul W, Boulaftali Y, Sennlaub F, Jandrot-Perrus M, Bouton MC, Arocas V. Protease nexin-1 regulates retinal vascular development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3999-4011. [PMID: 26109427 PMCID: PMC11113785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1972-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We recently identified protease nexin-1 (PN-1) or serpinE2, as a possibly underestimated player in maintaining angiogenic balance. Here, we used the well-characterized postnatal vascular development of newborn mouse retina to further investigate the role and the mechanism of action of PN-1 in physiological angiogenesis. The development of retinal vasculature was analysed by endothelial cell staining with isolectin B4. PN-1-deficient (PN-1(-/-)) retina displayed increased vascularization in the postnatal period, with elevated capillary thickness and density, compared to their wild-type littermate (WT). Moreover, PN-1(-/-) retina presented more veins/arteries than WT retina. The kinetics of retinal vasculature development, retinal VEGF expression and overall retinal structure were similar in WT and PN-1(-/-) mice, but we observed a hyperproliferation of vascular cells in PN-1(-/-) retina. Expression of PN-1 was analysed by immunoblotting and X-Gal staining of retinas from mice expressing beta-galactosidase under a PN-1 promoter. PN-1 was highly expressed in the first week following birth and then progressively decreased to a low level in adult retina where it localized on the retinal arteries. PCR arrays performed on mouse retinal RNA identified two angiogenesis-related factors, midkine and Smad5, that were overexpressed in PN-1(-/-) newborn mice and this was confirmed by RT-PCR. Both the higher vascularization and the overexpression of midkine and Smad5 mRNA were also observed in gastrocnemius muscle of PN-1(-/-) mice, suggesting that PN-1 interferes with these pathways. Together, our results demonstrate that PN-1 strongly limits physiological angiogenesis and suggest that modulation of PN-1 expression could represent a new way to regulate angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Selbonne
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Deborah Francois
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - William Raoul
- UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, 75012, Paris, France
- Université François-Rabelais de Tours, CNRS, GICC UMR 7292, Tours, France
| | - Yacine Boulaftali
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Florian Sennlaub
- UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
- Univ Paris 06, UPMC, Paris, France
- Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts, INSERM-DHOS CIC 503, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Martine Jandrot-Perrus
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Bouton
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Arocas
- LVTS, INSERM, U1148, Paris, France.
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Santoro A, Conde J, Scotece M, Abella V, Lois A, Lopez V, Pino J, Gomez R, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. SERPINE2 Inhibits IL-1α-Induced MMP-13 Expression in Human Chondrocytes: Involvement of ERK/NF-κB/AP-1 Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135979. [PMID: 26305372 PMCID: PMC4549255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease, characterized by a progressive loss of articular cartilage. During OA, proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin IL-1, induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in chondrocytes, contributing thus to the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Members of Serpine family, including plasminogen activator inhibitors have been reported to participate in ECM regulation. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade E member 2 (SERPINE2), under basal conditions and in response to increasing doses of IL-1α, in human cultured chondrocytes. We also examined the effects of SERPINE2 on IL-1α-induced MMP-13 expression. For completeness, the signaling pathway involved in this process was also explored. METHODS SERPINE2 mRNA and protein expression were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis in human T/C-28a2 cell line and human primary chondrocytes. These cells were treated with human recombinant SERPINE2, alone or in combination with IL-1α. ERK 1/2, NFκB and AP-1 activation were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS Human cultured chondrocytes express SERPINE2 in basal condition. This expression increased in response to IL-1α stimulation. In addition, recombinant SERPINE2 induced a clear inhibition of MMP-13 expression in IL-1α-stimulated chondrocytes. This inhibitory effect is likely regulated through a pathway involving ERK 1/2, NF-κB and AP-1. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data demonstrate that SERPINE2 might prevent cartilage catabolism by inhibiting the expression of MMP-13, one of the most relevant collagenases, involved in cartilage breakdown in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santoro
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- University of Naples Federico II, Dept. of Pharmacy, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Javier Conde
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Lois
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Veronica Lopez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jesus Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude), Division of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Gomez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J. Gomez-Reino
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Medicine and SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Division of Rheumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), the NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Increased expression of protease nexin-1 in fibroblasts during idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis regulates thrombin activity and fibronectin expression. J Transl Med 2014; 94:1237-46. [PMID: 25199049 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic diffuse lung disease characterized by an accumulation of excess fibrous material in the lung. Protease nexin-1 (PN-1) is a tissue serpin produced by many cell types, including lung fibroblasts. PN-1 is capable of regulating proteases of both coagulation and fibrinolysis systems, by inhibiting, respectively, thrombin and plasminergic enzymes. PN-1 is thus a good candidate for regulating tissue remodeling occurring during IPF. We demonstrated a significant increase of PN-1 expression in lung tissue extracts, lung fibroblasts and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with IPF. The increase of PN-1 expression was reproduced after stimulation of control lung fibroblasts by transforming growth factor-β, a major pro-fibrotic cytokine involved in IPF. Another serpin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is also overexpressed in fibrotic fibroblasts. Unlike PAI-1, cell-bound PN-1 as well as secreted PN-1 from IPF and stimulated fibroblasts were shown to inhibit efficiently thrombin activity, indicating that both serpins should exhibit complementary roles in IPF pathogenesis, via their different preferential antiprotease activities. Moreover, we observed that overexpression of PN-1 induced by transfection of control fibroblasts led to increased fibronectin expression, whereas PN-1 silencing induced in fibrotic fibroblasts led to decreased fibronectin expression. Overexpression of PN-1 lacking either its antiprotease activity or its binding capacity to glycosaminoglycans had no effect on fibronectin expression. These novel findings suggest that modulation of PN-1 expression in lung fibroblasts may also have a role in the development of IPF by directly influencing the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Our data provide new insights into the role of PN-1 in the poorly understood pathological processes involved in IPF and could therefore give rise to new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Kousted TM, Skjoedt K, Petersen SV, Koch C, Vitved L, Sochalska M, Lacroix C, Andersen LM, Wind T, Andreasen PA, Jensen JK. Three monoclonal antibodies against the serpin protease nexin-1 prevent protease translocation. Thromb Haemost 2013; 111:29-40. [PMID: 24085288 DOI: 10.1160/th13-04-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protease nexin-1 (PN-1) belongs to the serpin family and is an inhibitor of thrombin, plasmin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and matriptase. Recent studies have suggested PN-1 to play important roles in vascular-, neuro-, and tumour-biology. The serpin inhibitory mechanism consists of the serpin presenting its so-called reactive centre loop as a substrate to its target protease, resulting in a covalent complex with the inactivated enzyme. Previously, three mechanisms have been proposed for the inactivation of serpins by monoclonal antibodies: steric blockage of protease recognition, conversion to an inactive conformation or induction of serpin substrate behaviour. Until now, no inhibitory antibodies against PN-1 have been thoroughly characterised. Here we report the development of three monoclonal antibodies binding specifically and with high affinity to human PN-1. The antibodies all abolish the protease inhibitory activity of PN-1. In the presence of the antibodies, PN-1 does not form a complex with its target proteases, but is recovered in a reactive centre cleaved form. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we mapped the three overlapping epitopes to an area spanning the gap between the loop connecting α-helix F with β-strand 3A and the loop connecting α-helix A with β-strand 1B. We conclude that antibody binding causes a direct blockage of the final critical step of protease translocation, resulting in abortive inhibition and premature release of reactive centre cleaved PN-1. These new antibodies will provide a powerful tool to study the in vivo role of PN-1's protease inhibitory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan K Jensen
- Jan K. Jensen, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|