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Falero-Diaz G, Barboza CDA, Vazquez-Padron RI, Velazquez OC, Lassance-Soares RM. Loss of c-Kit in Endothelial Cells Protects against Hindlimb Ischemia. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1358. [PMID: 38927565 PMCID: PMC11201387 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the end stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD), and around 30% of CLI patients are ineligible for current treatments. The angiogenic benefits of c-Kit have been reported in the ischemia scenario; however, the present study demonstrates the effects of specific endothelial c-Kit signaling in arteriogenesis during hindlimb ischemia. METHODS We created conditional knockout mouse models that decrease c-Kit (c-Kit VE-Cadherin CreERT2-c-Kit) or its ligand (SCF VE-Cadherin CreERT2-SCF) specifically in endothelial cells (ECs) after tamoxifen treatment. These mice and a control group (wild-type VE-Cadherin CreERT2-WT) were subjected to hindlimb ischemia or aortic crush to evaluate perfusion/arteriogenesis and endothelial barrier permeability, respectively. RESULTS Our data confirmed the lower gene expression of c-Kit and SCF in the ECs of c-Kit and SCF mice, respectively. In addition, we confirmed the lower percentage of ECs positive for c-Kit in c-Kit mice. Further, we found that c-Kit and SCF mice had better limb perfusion and arteriogenesis compared to WT mice. We also demonstrated that c-Kit and SCF mice had a preserved endothelial barrier after aortic crush compared to WT. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the deleterious effects of endothelial SCF/c-Kit signaling on arteriogenesis and endothelial barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Falero-Diaz
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Catarina de A. Barboza
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Batchelor Building, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Roberto I. Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Omaida C. Velazquez
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
| | - Roberta M. Lassance-Soares
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1600 NW 10th Ave, RMSB, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (G.F.-D.); (R.I.V.-P.); (O.C.V.)
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Li J, Chen K, Li X, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yang Q, Xia Y, Xie C, Wang X, Tong J, Shen Y. Mechanistic insights into the alterations and regulation of the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic retinopathy. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:418. [PMID: 37978169 PMCID: PMC10656479 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR), diabetes-related hyperglycemia directly inhibits the AKT signaling pathway by increasing oxidative stress or inhibiting growth factor expression, which leads to retinal cell apoptosis, nerve proliferation and fundus microvascular disease. However, due to compensatory vascular hyperplasia in the late stage of DR, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascade is activated, resulting in opposite levels of AKT regulation compared with the early stage. Studies have shown that many factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), VEGF and others, can regulate the AKT pathway. Disruption of the insulin pathway decreases AKT activation. IGF-1 downregulation decreases the activation of AKT in DR, which abrogates the neuroprotective effect, upregulates VEGF expression and thus induces neovascularization. Although inhibiting VEGF is the main treatment for neovascularization in DR, excessive inhibition may lead to apoptosis in inner retinal neurons. AKT pathway substrates, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), forkhead box O (FOXO), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), are a research focus. mTOR inhibitors can delay or prevent retinal microangiopathy, whereas low mTOR activity can decrease retinal protein synthesis. Inactivated AKT fails to inhibit FOXO and thus causes apoptosis. The GSK-3/Nrf2 cascade regulates oxidation and inflammation in DR. NF-κB is activated in diabetic retinas and is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. Many pathways or vital activities, such as the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, interact with the AKT pathway to influence DR development. Numerous regulatory methods can simultaneously impact the AKT pathway and other pathways, and it is essential to consider both the connections and interactions between these pathways. In this review, we summarize changes in the AKT signaling pathway in DR and targeted drugs based on these potential sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kuangqi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuhong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianjie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiawei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianping Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Steffen BT, Pankow JS, Norby FL, Lutsey PL, Demmer RT, Guan W, Pankratz N, Li A, Liu G, Matsushita K, Tin A, Tang W. Proteomics Analysis of Genetic Liability of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Identifies Plasma Neogenin and Kit Ligand: The ARIC Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:367-378. [PMID: 36579647 PMCID: PMC9995137 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies have reported 23 gene loci related to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)-a potentially lethal condition characterized by a weakened dilated vessel wall. This study aimed to identify proteomic signatures and pathways related to these risk loci to better characterize AAA genetic susceptibility. METHODS Plasma concentrations of 4870 proteins were determined using a DNA aptamer-based array. Linear regression analysis estimated the associations between the 23 risk alleles and plasma protein levels with adjustments for potential confounders in a race-stratified analysis of 1671 Black and 7241 White participants. Significant proteins were then evaluated for their prediction of clinical AAA (454 AAA events in 11 064 individuals), and those significantly associated with AAA were further interrogated using Mendelian randomization analysis. RESULTS Risk variants proximal to PSRC1-CELSR2-SORT1, PCIF1-ZNF335-MMP9, RP11-136O12.2/TRIB1, ZNF259/APOA5, IL6R, PCSK9, LPA, and APOE were associated with 118 plasma proteins in Whites and 59 were replicated in Black participants. Novel associations with clinical AAA incidence were observed for kit ligand (HR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.42-0.82] for top versus first quintiles) and neogenin (HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.46-0.88]) over a median 21.2-year follow-up; neogenin was also associated with ultrasound-detected asymptomatic AAA (N=4295; 57 asymptomatic AAA cases). Mendelian randomization inverse variance weighted estimates suggested that AAA risk is promoted by lower levels of kit ligand (OR per SD=0.67; P=1.4×10-5) and neogenin (OR per SD=0.50; P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Low levels of neogenin and kit ligand may be novel risk factors for AAA development in potentially causal pathways. These findings provide insights and potential targets to reduce AAA susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Division of Health Data Science, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Faye L. Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Aixin Li
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
| | - Guning Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Adrienne Tin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55454
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Zhang S, Fan L, Wang Y, Xu J, Shen Q, Xie J, Zeng Z, Zhou T. Dihydromyricetin ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by targeting c-KIT/interleukin-6 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:932092. [PMID: 36003494 PMCID: PMC9393384 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.932092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic cardiovascular disease with high morbidity that lacks effective pharmacotherapeutics. As a natural flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, dihydromyricetin (DHM) has been shown to be effective in protecting against atherosclerosis; yet, the therapeutic role of DHM in CAVD remains poorly understood. Herein, we aimed to clarify the therapeutic implications of DHM in CAVD and the underlying molecular mechanisms in human valvular interstitial cells (hVICs). Methods and Results: The protein levels of two known osteogenesis-specific genes (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; runt-related transcription factor 2, Runx2) and calcified nodule formation in hVICs were detected by Western blot and Alizarin Red staining, respectively. The results showed that DHM markedly ameliorated osteogenic induction medium (OM)–induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs, as evidenced by downregulation of ALP and Runx2 expression and decreased calcium deposition. The SwissTargetPrediction database was used to identify the potential AVC-associated direct protein target of DHM. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that c-KIT, a tyrosine-protein kinase, can act as a credible protein target of DHM, as evidenced by molecular docking. Mechanistically, DHM-mediated inhibition of c-KIT phosphorylation drove interleukin-6 (IL-6) downregulation in CAVD, thereby ameliorating OM-induced osteogenic differentiation of hVICs and aortic valve calcification progression. Conclusion: DHM ameliorates osteogenic differentiation of hVICs by blocking the phosphorylation of c-KIT, thus reducing IL-6 expression in CAVD. DHM could be a viable therapeutic supplement to impede CAVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshao Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Leilei Fan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
| | - Tingwen Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianhua Xie, ; Zhipeng Zeng, ; Tingwen Zhou,
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Hwang SJ, Ahn BJ, Shin MW, Song YS, Choi Y, Oh GT, Kim KW, Lee HJ. miR-125a-5p attenuates macrophage-mediated vascular dysfunction by targeting Ninjurin1. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1199-1210. [PMID: 34974535 PMCID: PMC9177769 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ninjurin1 (Ninj1), an adhesion molecule, regulates macrophage function in hyaloid regression, multiple sclerosis, and atherosclerosis. However, its biological relevance and the mechanism underlying its function in vascular network integrity have not been studied. In this study, we investigated the role of Ninj1 in physiological (postnatal vessel formation) and pathological (endotoxin-mediated inflammation and diabetes) conditions and developed a strategy to regulate Ninj1 using specific micro (mi)RNAs under pathological conditions. Ninj1-deficient mice exhibited decreased hyaloid regression, tip cell formation, retinal vascularized area, recruitment of macrophages, and endothelial apoptosis during postnatal development, resulting in delayed formation of the vascular network. Five putative miRNAs targeting Ninj1 were selected using the miRanda algorithm and comparison of expression patterns. Among them, miR-125a-5p showed a profound inhibitory effect on Ninj1 expression, and miR-125a-5p mimic suppressed the cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion of macrophages and expression of pro-inflammatory factors mediated by Ninj1. Furthermore, miR-125a-5p mimic inhibited the recruitment of macrophages into inflamed retinas in endotoxin-induced inflammation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes in vivo. In particular, miR-125a-5p mimic significantly attenuated vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, these findings suggest that Ninj1 plays a pivotal role in macrophage-mediated vascular integrity and that miR-125a-5p acts as a novel regulator of Ninj1 in the management of inflammatory diseases and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Inje University, 607 Obang-dong, Gimhae, Gyungnam, 621-749, South Korea
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Min-Wook Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Youngbin Choi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Immune and Vascular Cell Network Research Center, National Creative Initiatives, Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, South Korea.
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Foster BM, Shi L, Harris KS, Patel C, Surratt VE, Langsten KL, Kerr BA. Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Factor Regulates Prostate Cancer-Induced Shifts in Pre-Metastatic Niche Composition. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855188. [PMID: 35515124 PMCID: PMC9063312 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in prostate cancer, with 80% of advanced prostate cancer patients developing bone metastases. Before metastasis, bone remodeling occurs, stimulating pre-metastatic niche formation and bone turnover, and platelets govern this process. Stem cell factor (SCF, Kit Ligand) is increased in advanced prostate cancer patient platelet releasates. Further, SCF and its receptor, CD117/c-kit, correlate with metastatic prostate cancer severity. We hypothesized that bone-derived SCF plays an important role in prostate cancer tumor communication with the bone inducing pre-metastatic niche formation. We generated two cell-specific SCF knockout mouse models deleting SCF in either mature osteoblasts or megakaryocytes and platelets. Using two syngeneic androgen-insensitive murine prostate cancer cell lines, RM1 (Ras and Myc co-activation) and mPC3 (Pten and Trp53 deletion), we examined the role of bone marrow-derived SCF in primary tumor growth and bone microenvironment alterations. Platelet-derived SCF was required for mPC3, but not RM1, tumor growth, while osteoblast-derived SCF played no role in tumor size in either cell line. While exogenous SCF induced proangiogenic protein secretion by RM1 and mPC3 prostate cancer cells, no significant changes in tumor angiogenesis were measured by immunohistochemistry. Like our previous studies, tumor-induced bone formation occurred in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 neoplasms, demonstrated by bone histomorphometry. RM1 tumor-bearing osteoblast SCF knockout mice did not display tumor-induced bone formation. Bone stromal cell composition analysis by flow cytometry showed significant shifts in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), mesenchymal stem cell (MSC), and osteoblast cell percentages in mice bearing RM1 or mPC3 tumors. There were no significant changes in the percentage of macrophages, osteoclasts, or osteocytes. Our study demonstrates that megakaryocyte/platelet-derived SCF regulates primary mPC3 tumor growth, while SCF originating from osteoblasts plays a role in bone marrow-derived progenitor cell composition and pre-metastatic niche formation. Further, we show that both the source of SCF and the genetic profile of prostate cancer determine the effects of SCF. Thus, targeting the SCF/CD117 signaling axis with tyrosine kinase inhibitors could affect primary prostate carcinomas or play a role in reducing bone metastasis dependent on the gene deletions or mutations driving the patients' prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittni M. Foster
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Lihong Shi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Koran S. Harris
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Chirayu Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Victoria E. Surratt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Kendall L. Langsten
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Kim JO, Kim KH, Baek EJ, Park B, So MK, Ko BJ, Ko HJ, Park SG. A novel anti-c-Kit antibody-drug conjugate to treat wild-type and activating-mutant c-Kit-positive tumors. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:1290-1308. [PMID: 34407310 PMCID: PMC8936518 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
c‐Kit overexpression and activating mutations, which are reported in various cancers, including gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC), acute myeloid leukemia, acral melanoma, and systemic mastocytosis (SM), confer resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). To overcome TKI resistance, an anti‐c‐Kit antibody–drug conjugate was developed in this study to treat wild‐type and mutant c‐Kit‐positive cancers. NN2101, a fully human IgG1, was conjugated to DM1, a microtubule inhibitor, through N‐succinimidyl‐4‐(N‐maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane‐1‐carboxylate (SMCC) (to give NN2101‐DM1). The antitumor activity of NN2101‐DM1 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo using various cancer cell lines. NN2101‐DM1 exhibited potent growth‐inhibitory activities against c‐Kit‐positive cancer cell lines. In a mouse xenograft model, NN2101‐DM1 exhibited potent growth‐inhibitory activities against imatinib‐resistant GIST and SM cells. In addition, NN2101‐DM1 exhibited a significantly higher anti‐cancer effect than carboplatin/etoposide against SCLC cells where c‐Kit does not mediate cancer pathogenesis. Furthermore, the combination of NN2101‐DM1 with imatinib in imatinib‐sensitive GIST cells induced complete remission compared with treatment with NN2101‐DM1 or imatinib alone in mouse xenograft models. These results suggest that NN2101‐DM1 is a potential therapeutic agent for wild‐type and mutant c‐Kit‐positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ock Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | | | - Eun Ji Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | - Bomi Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea
| | - Min Kyung So
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Ko
- School of Biopharmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon-si, Korea.,Novelty Nobility, Seongnam-si, Korea
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Tomita T, Kato M, Hiratsuka S. Regulation of vascular permeability in cancer metastasis. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:2966-2974. [PMID: 33966313 PMCID: PMC8353911 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement of vascular permeability is indispensable for cancer metastasis. Weakened endothelial barrier function enhances vascular permeability. Circulating tumor cells moving in the microvasculature tend to invade into stromal tissue at the location where vascular permeability is enhanced. Many basic studies have identified permeability factors by using gene‐modified animals and cells. These factors directly/indirectly interact with endothelial cells. Here, we review vascular permeability factors and their molecular mechanisms. Interactions between tumor cells and endothelial cells are also discussed in the process of extravasation, one of the most critical steps in tumor metastasis. In some cases, primary tumors can manipulate permeability in a remote organ by secreting permeability factors. In addition, the importance of glycocalyx, which covers the endothelial cell surface, in controlling vascular permeability and tumor metastasis is also described. Furthermore, analysis of the hyperpermeable region found in a mouse model study is introduced. It clearly showed that tumor‐bearing mouse lungs had a hyperpermeable region due to the influence of a remote primary tumor, and fibrinogen deposition was observed in that region. Given that fibrinogen was reported to be a permeability factor and a key regulator of inflammation, eliminating fibrinogen deposition may prevent future metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tomita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Sachie Hiratsuka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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Proteomic profiling identifies key differences between inter-stage infants with single ventricle heart disease and healthy controls. Transl Res 2021; 229:24-37. [PMID: 33045409 PMCID: PMC8191179 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant morbidity among infants with single ventricle heart disease (SVHD), clinical monitoring is limited by poor understanding of the underlying pathobiology. Proteomics can identify novel biomarkers and important pathways in complex disease. No prior study has evaluated whether the proteome of SVHD infants differs from healthy controls, how it shifts after stage 2 palliation, or whether differences can predict post-operative outcomes. We present a prospective cohort study of cardiovascular proteomic phenotyping in infants with SVHD undergoing stage 2 palliation. Twenty-nine pre-stage-2 SVHD infants and 25 healthy controls were enrolled. Outcomes included postoperative hypoxemia and endotracheal intubation time. Serum samples were drawn pre-operatively (systemic and pulmonary vein) and at 24 hours postoperation. Targeted cardiovascular proteomic analysis included 184 proteins. Partial least squares discriminant analysis distinguished cases from controls (Accuracy = 0.98, R2 = 0.93, Q2 = 0.81) with decreased inflammatory mediators and increased modulators of vascular tone. Partial least squares discriminant analysis also distinguished cases pre-operation vs. post-operation (Accuracy=0.98, R2=0.99, Q2 = 0.92) with postoperative increase in both inflammatory and vascular tone mediators. Pre-operation pulmonary vein tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (1.8x-fold, p=1.6 × 10-4) and nidogen-1 (1.5x-fold, p=1.7 × 10-4) were higher in subjects with longer endotracheal intubation time. Postoperation matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels were higher in subjects with greater postoperative hypoxemia (1.5x-fold, P= 1.97 × 10-5). Proteomic analysis identifies significant changes among SVHD infants pre- and post-stage 2, and healthy controls. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, nidogen-1, and matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels are higher in SVHD cases with greater morbidity suggesting an important role for regulation of extracellular matrix production. Proteomic profiling may identify high-risk SVHD infants.
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10
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Ren Y, Lyu Y, Mereness JA, Wang S, Pang J, Mariani TJ. Rare Pulmonary Connective Tissue Type Mast Cells Regulate Lung Endothelial Cell Angiogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1763-1773. [PMID: 32450152 PMCID: PMC9808505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Within the human lung, mast cells typically reside adjacent to the conducting airway and assume a mucosal phenotype (MCT). In rare pathologic conditions, connective tissue phenotype mast cells (MCTCs) can be found in the lung parenchyma. MCTCs accumulate in the lungs of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease associated with preterm birth, which is characterized by pulmonary vascular dysmorphia. The human mast cell line (LUVA) was used to model MCTCs or MCTs. The ability of MCTCs to affect vascular organization during fetal lung development was tested in mouse lung explant cultures. The effect of MCTCs on in vitro tube formation and barrier function was studied using primary fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. The mechanistic role of MCTC proteases was tested using inhibitors. MCTCLUVA but not MCTLUVA was associated with vascular dysmorphia in lung explants. In vitro, the addition of MCTCLUVA potentiated fetal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell interactions, inhibited tube stability, and disrupted endothelial cell junctions. Protease inhibitors ameliorated the ability of MCTCLUVA to alter endothelial cell angiogenic activities in vitro and ex vivo. These data indicate that MCTCs may directly contribute to disrupted angiogenesis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. A better understanding of factors that regulate mast cell subtype and their different effector functions is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Yuyan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jared A. Mereness
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Shumin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Jinjiang Pang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York,Address correspondence to Thomas J. Mariani, Ph.D., Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Division of Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 850, Rochester, NY 14642.
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11
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Kim JO, Kim HN, Kim KH, Baek EJ, Park JY, Ha K, Heo DR, Seo MD, Park SG. Development and characterization of a fully human antibody targeting SCF/c-kit signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:66-78. [PMID: 32437800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
CD117/c-kit, a tyrosine kinase receptor, plays a critical role in hematopoiesis, pigmentation, and fertility. The overexpression and activation of c-kit are thought to promote tumor growth and have been reported in various cancers, including leukemia, glioblastoma and mastocytosis. To disrupt the SCF/c-kit signaling axis in cancer, we generated a c-kit antagonist human antibody (NN2101) that binds to domain 2/3 of c-kit. This completely blocked the SCF-mediated phosphorylation of c-kit and inhibited TF-1 cell proliferation, erythroleukemia. In addition, the examination of binding affinity using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed that NN2101 can bind to c-kit of monkeys (KD = 2.92 × 10-10 M), rats (KD = 1.68 × 10-6 M), mice (KD = 11.5 × 10-9 M), and humans (KD = 2.83 × 10-12 M). We showed that NN2101 does not cause antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. The immunogenicity of NN2101 was similar to that of bevacizumab. Furthermore, the crystal structure of NN2101 Fab was determined and the structure of NN2101 Fab:c-kit complex was modeled. Structural information, as well as mutagenesis results, revealed that NN2101 can bind to the SCF-binding regions of c-kit. Collectively, we generated a c-kit neutralizing human antibody (NN2101) for the treatment of erythroleukemia and characterized its biophysical properties. NN2101 can potentially be used as a therapeutic antibody to treat different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ock Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Neul Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yang Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Ha
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Rim Heo
- New Drug Development Center, Osong Medical Innovation Foundation, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Duk Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Novelty Nobility, 227 Unjung-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13477, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, 206 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Republic of Korea; Novelty Nobility, 227 Unjung-ro, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13477, Republic of Korea.
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12
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He D, Mao A, Zheng CB, Kan H, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Feng L, Ma X. Aortic heterogeneity across segments and under high fat/salt/glucose conditions at the single-cell level. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:881-896. [PMID: 34692110 PMCID: PMC8289085 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aorta, with ascending, arch, thoracic and abdominal segments, responds to the heartbeat, senses metabolites and distributes blood to all parts of the body. However, the heterogeneity across aortic segments and how metabolic pathologies change it are not known. Here, a total of 216 612 individual cells from the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and thoracic and abdominal segments of mouse aortas under normal conditions or with high blood glucose levels, high dietary salt, or high fat intake were profiled using single-cell RNA sequencing. We generated a compendium of 10 distinct cell types, mainly endothelial (EC), smooth muscle (SMC), stromal and immune cells. The distributions of the different cells and their intercommunication were influenced by the hemodynamic microenvironment across anatomical segments, and the spatial heterogeneity of ECs and SMCs may contribute to differential vascular dilation and constriction that were measured by wire myography. Importantly, the composition of aortic cells, their gene expression profiles and their regulatory intercellular networks broadly changed in response to high fat/salt/glucose conditions. Notably, the abdominal aorta showed the most dramatic changes in cellular composition, particularly involving ECs, fibroblasts and myeloid cells with cardiovascular risk factor-related regulons and gene expression networks. Our study elucidates the nature and range of aortic cell diversity, with implications for the treatment of metabolic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu He
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Aiqin Mao
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chang-Bo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Kan
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ka Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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13
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Boroumand P, Klip A. Bone marrow adipose cells - cellular interactions and changes with obesity. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs238394. [PMID: 32144195 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a spatially restricted niche, housing cells of the hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages in various hierarchical commitment states. Although highly localized, cells within this niche are also subject to regulation by environmental and/or circulatory changes through extensive vascularization. Bone marrow adipocytes, derived from mesenchymal stem cells and once known as marrow space fillers, are a heterogeneous population. These cells reside in distinct niches within the bone marrow and interact with proximal cells, such as hematopoietic precursors and lineage-committed cells. In this diverse cellular milieu, bone marrow adipocytes influence commitment decisions and cellular lineage selection by interacting with stem and progenitor cells. In addition, bone marrow adipocytes respond to environmental changes, such as obesity, by undergoing hypertrophy, hyperplasia or adoption of characteristics resembling those of peripheral brown, beige or white adipocytes. Here, we review recent findings and concepts on the influence of bone marrow adipocytes on hematopoietic and other cellular lineages within this niche. We discuss how changes in local, systemic, cellular and secreted signals impact on mesenchymal stem cell expansion, differentiation and lineage commitment. Furthermore, we highlight that bone marrow adipocytes may be intermediaries conveying environmental cues to influence hematopoietic cellular survival, proliferation and preferential differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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14
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Hernandez DR, Rojas MG, Martinez L, Rodriguez BL, Zigmond ZM, Vazquez-Padron RI, Lassance-Soares RM. c-Kit deficiency impairs nitric oxide signaling in smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:227-232. [PMID: 31416613 PMCID: PMC6732002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor tyrosine kinases have been implicated in various vascular remodeling processes and cardiovascular disease. However, their role in the regulation of vascular tone is poorly understood. Herein, we evaluate the contribution of c-Kit signaling to vasoactive responses. METHODS The vascular reactivity of mesenteric arteries was assessed under isobaric conditions in c-Kit deficient (KitW/W-v) and littermate control mice (Kit+/+) using pressure myography. Protein levels of soluble guanylyl cyclase beta 1 (sGCβ1) were quantified by Western blot. Mean arterial pressure was measured after high salt (8% NaCl) diet treatment using the tail-cuff method. RESULTS Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from c-Kit deficient mice showed a 5-fold downregulation of sGCβ1 compared to controls. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of mesenteric arteries demonstrated a predominance of prostanoid vs. nitric oxide (NO) signaling in both animal groups. The dependence on prostanoid-induced dilation was higher in c-Kit mutant mice than in controls, as indicated by a significant impairment in vasorelaxation with indomethacin with respect to the latter. Endothelium-independent relaxation showed significant dysfunction of NO signaling in c-Kit deficient SMCs compared to controls. Mesenteric artery dilation was rescued by addition of a cGMP analog, but not with a NO donor, indicating a deficiency in cGMP production in c-Kit deficient SMCs. Finally, c-Kit deficient mice developed higher blood pressure on an 8% NaCl diet compared to their control littermates. CONCLUSION c-Kit deficiency inhibits NO signaling in SMCs. The existence of this c-Kit/sGC signaling axis may be relevant for vascular reactivity and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana R Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Miguel G Rojas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Boris L Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
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15
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Kim KL, Seo S, Kim JT, Kim J, Kim W, Yeo Y, Sung JH, Park SG, Suh W. SCF (Stem Cell Factor) and cKIT Modulate Pathological Ocular Neovascularization. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2120-2131. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective:
Aberrant neovascularization is a leading cause of blindness in several eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The identification of key regulators of pathological ocular neovascularization has been a subject of extensive research and great therapeutic interest. Here, we explored the previously unrecognized role of cKIT and its ligand, SCF (stem cell factor), in the pathological ocular neovascularization process.
Approach and Results:
Compared with normoxia, hypoxia, a crucial driver of neovascularization, caused cKIT to be highly upregulated in endothelial cells, which significantly enhanced the angiogenic response of endothelial cells to SCF. In murine models of pathological ocular neovascularization, such as oxygen-induced retinopathy and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models, cKIT and SCF expression was significantly increased in ocular tissues, and blockade of cKIT and SCF using
cKit
mutant mice and anti-SCF neutralizing IgG substantially suppressed pathological ocular neovascularization. Mechanistically, SCF/cKIT signaling induced neovascularization through phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and enhancement of the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and the transcription of β-catenin target genes related to angiogenesis. Inhibition of β-catenin-mediated transcription using chemical inhibitors blocked SCF-induced in vitro angiogenesis in hypoxia, and injection of a β-catenin agonist into
cKit
mutant mice with oxygen-induced retinopathy significantly enhanced pathological neovascularization in the retina.
Conclusions;
Our data reveal that SCF and cKIT are promising novel therapeutic targets for treating vision-threatening ocular neovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koung Li Kim
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Songyi Seo
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Taek Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology (J.T.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetaek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine (J.K.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea (W.K.)
| | - Yeongju Yeo
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea (J.-H.S.)
| | - Sang Gyu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea (S.G.P.)
| | - Wonhee Suh
- From the College of Pharmacy (K.L.K., S.S., Y.Y., W.S.), Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Debreczeni ML, Németh Z, Kajdácsi E, Schwaner E, Makó V, Masszi A, Doleschall Z, Rigó J, Walter FR, Deli MA, Pál G, Dobó J, Gál P, Cervenak L. MASP-1 Increases Endothelial Permeability. Front Immunol 2019; 10:991. [PMID: 31130964 PMCID: PMC6509239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologically increased vascular permeability is an important dysfunction in the pathomechanism of life-threatening conditions, such as sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, or hereditary angioedema (HAE), diseases accompanied by uncontrolled activation of the complement system. HAE for example is caused by the deficiency of C1-inhibitor (the main regulator of early complement activation), which leads to edematous attacks threatening with circulatory collapse. We have previously reported that endothelial cells become activated during HAE attacks. A natural target of C1-inhibitor is mannan-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), a multifunctional serine protease, which plays a key role in the activation of complement lectin pathway. We have previously shown that MASP-1 induces the pro-inflammatory activation of endothelial cells and in this study we investigated whether MASP-1 can directly affect endothelial permeability. All experiments were performed on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Real-time micro electric sensing revealed that MASP-1 decreases the impedance of HUVEC monolayers and in a recently developed permeability test (XperT), MASP-1 dose-dependently increased endothelial paracellular transport. We show that protease activated receptor-1 mediated intracellular Ca2+-mobilization, Rho-kinase activation dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, cytoskeletal actin rearrangement, and disruption of interendothelial junctions are underlying this phenomenon. Furthermore, in a whole-transcriptome microarray analysis MASP-1 significantly changed the expression of 25 permeability-related genes in HUVECs-for example it up-regulated bradykinin B2 receptor expression. According to our results, MASP-1 has potent permeability increasing effects. During infections or injuries MASP-1 may help eliminate the microbes and/or tissue debris by enhancing the extravasation of soluble and cellular components of the immune system, however, it may also play a role in the pathomechanism of diseases, where edema formation and complement lectin pathway activation are simultaneously present. Our findings also raise the possibility that MASP-1 may be a promising target of anti-edema drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta L. Debreczeni
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Kajdácsi
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Schwaner
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika Makó
- MTA-SE Research Group of Immunology and Hematology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Masszi
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Doleschall
- Department of Pathogenetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Rigó
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Dobó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Cervenak
- Research Laboratory, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/stromal cells protect endothelial cell functions from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and monocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 30359307 PMCID: PMC6202803 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human decidua basalis mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells (DBMSCs) inhibit endothelial cell activation by inflammation induced by monocytes. This property makes them a promising candidate for cell-based therapy to treat inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. This study was performed to examine the ability of DBMSCs to protect endothelial cell functions from the damaging effects resulting from exposure to oxidatively stress environment induced by H2O2 and monocytes. Methods DBMSCs were co-cultured with endothelial cells isolated from human umbilical cord veins in the presence of H2O2 and monocytes, and various functions of endothelial cell were then determined. The effect of DBMSCs on monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in the presence of H2O2 was also examined. In addition, the effect of DBMSCs on HUVEC gene expression under the influence of H2O2 was also determined. Results DBMSCs reversed the effect of H2O2 on endothelial cell functions. In addition, DBMSCs reduced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and also reduced the stimulatory effect of monocytes on endothelial cell proliferation in the presence of H2O2. Moreover, DBMSCs modified the expression of many genes mediating important endothelial cell functions. Finally, DBMSCs increased the activities of glutathione and thioredoxin reductases in H2O2-treated endothelial cells. Conclusions We conclude that DBMSCs have potential for therapeutic application in inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis by protecting endothelial cells from oxidative stress damage. However, more studies are needed to elucidate this further.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Ye Fan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Centre, London, UK (Y.X., Q.X.); and Institute of Respiratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.F.).
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19
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Zhang T, Kawaguchi N, Hayama E, Furutani Y, Nakanishi T. High expression of CXCR4 and stem cell markers in a monocrotaline and chronic hypoxia-induced rat model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4615-4622. [PMID: 29805477 PMCID: PMC5952071 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and fatal clinical syndrome. C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is known to serve a key role in recruiting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the bone marrow. In the present study, a rat model of PAH induced by 5 weeks of chronic hypoxia and treatment with a single injection of monocrotaline (60 mg/kg) was used to investigate the involvement of CXCR4 in PAH. Successful establishment of the PAH model was confirmed by significant differences between the PAH and control groups in right ventricular systolic pressure, Fulton index, wall thickness, vascular occlusion score determined by immunohistochemical staining and the expression of inflammatory markers measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The expression of CXCR4 and other stem cell markers were compared in the PAH and control groups. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of CXCR4, SCF, c-Kit, and CD29, which are expressed in MSCs, was significantly higher in the PAH group. Immunohistochemical staining also showed that the numbers of CXCR4-, c-Kit- and CD90-positive cells were significantly higher in the PAH group. These results suggest that CXCR4 is involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and that stem cells may serve an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nanako Kawaguchi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Emiko Hayama
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Furutani
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Toshio Nakanishi
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
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Abstract
Bone marrow fat cells comprise the largest population of cells in the bone marrow cavity, a characteristic that has attracted the attention of scholars from different disciplines. The perception that bone marrow adipocytes are "inert space fillers" has been broken, and currently, bone marrow fat is unanimously considered to be the third largest fat depot, after subcutaneous fat and visceral fat. Bone marrow fat (BMF) acts as a metabolically active organ and plays an active role in energy storage, endocrine function, bone metabolism, and the bone metastasis of tumors. Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs), as a component of the bone marrow microenvironment, influence hematopoiesis through direct contact with cells and the secretion of adipocyte-derived factors. They also influence the progression of hematologic diseases such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, and aplastic anemia, and may be a novel target when exploring treatments for related diseases in the future. Based on currently available data, this review describes the role of BMF in hematopoiesis as well as in the development of hematologic diseases.
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21
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Song L, Martinez L, Zigmond ZM, Hernandez DR, Lassance-Soares RM, Selman G, Vazquez-Padron RI. c-Kit modifies the inflammatory status of smooth muscle cells. PeerJ 2017. [PMID: 28626608 PMCID: PMC5472039 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND c-Kit is a receptor tyrosine kinase present in multiple cell types, including vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). However, little is known about how c-Kit influences SMC biology and vascular pathogenesis. METHODS High-throughput microarray assays and in silico pathway analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes between primary c-Kit deficient (KitW/W-v) and control (Kit+/+) SMC. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and functional assays further confirmed the differences in gene expression and pro-inflammatory pathway regulation between both SMC populations. RESULTS The microarray analysis revealed elevated NF-κB gene expression secondary to the loss of c-Kit that affects both the canonical and alternative NF-κB pathways. Upon stimulation with an oxidized phospholipid as pro-inflammatory agent, c-Kit deficient SMC displayed enhanced NF-κB transcriptional activity, higher phosphorylated/total p65 ratio, and increased protein expression of NF-κB regulated pro-inflammatory mediators with respect to cells from control mice. The pro-inflammatory phenotype of mutant cells was ameliorated after restoring c-Kit activity using lentiviral transduction. Functional assays further demonstrated that c-Kit suppresses NF-κB activity in SMC in a TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Nemo-like kinase (NLK) dependent manner. DISCUSSION Our study suggests a novel mechanism by which c-Kit suppresses NF-κB regulated pathways in SMC to prevent their pro-inflammatory transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Song
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Zachary M Zigmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Diana R Hernandez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Roberta M Lassance-Soares
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Guillermo Selman
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Nowak WN, Deng J, Ruan XZ, Xu Q. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e41-e52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Witold N. Nowak
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
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23
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Beneficial effects of the Src inhibitor, dasatinib, on breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 40:197-203. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Jeong JH, Nguyen HK, Lee JE, Suh W. Therapeutic effect of apatinib-loaded nanoparticles on diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3101-9. [PMID: 27462154 PMCID: PMC4940015 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s108452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apatinib, a novel and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2, has been demonstrated recently to exhibit anticancer efficacy by inhibiting the VEGF signaling pathway. Given the importance of VEGF in retinal vascular leakage, the present study was designed to investigate whether apatinib-loaded polymeric nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-mediated retinal vascular hyperpermeability and block diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage. For the delivery of water-insoluble apatinib, the drug was encapsulated in nanoparticles composed of human serum albumin (HSA)-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG). In vitro paracellular permeability and transendothelial electric resistance assays showed that apatinib-loaded HSA-PEG (Apa-HSA-PEG) nanoparticles significantly inhibited VEGF-induced endothelial hyperpermeability in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, they substantially reduced the VEGF-induced junctional loss and internalization of vascular endothelial-cadherin, a major component of endothelial junction complexes. In vivo intravitreal injection of Apa-HSA-PEG nanoparticles in mice blocked VEGF-induced retinal vascular leakage. These in vitro and in vivo data indicated that Apa-HSA-PEG nanoparticles efficiently blocked VEGF-induced breakdown of the blood–retinal barrier. In vivo experiments with streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice showed that an intravitreal injection of Apa-HSA-PEG nanoparticles substantially inhibited diabetes-induced retinal vascular leakage. These results demonstrated, for the first time, that apatinib-loaded nanoparticles may be a promising therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced retinal vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jung Eun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon
| | - Wonhee Suh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Kim JM, Hong KS, Song WK, Bae D, Hwang IK, Kim JS, Chung HM. Perivascular Progenitor Cells Derived From Human Embryonic Stem Cells Exhibit Functional Characteristics of Pericytes and Improve the Retinal Vasculature in a Rodent Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1268-76. [PMID: 27388242 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in working-age people. Pericyte loss is one of the pathologic cellular events in DR, which weakens the retinal microvessels. Damage to the microvascular networks is irreversible and permanent; thus further progression of DR is inevitable. In this study, we hypothesize that multipotent perivascular progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESC-PVPCs) improve the damaged retinal vasculature in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodent models. We describe a highly efficient and feasible protocol to derive such cells with a natural selection method without cell-sorting processes. As a cellular model of pericytes, hESC-PVPCs exhibited marker expressions such as CD140B, CD146, NG2, and functional characteristics of pericytes. Following a single intravitreal injection into diabetic Brown Norway rats, we demonstrate that the cells localized alongside typical perivascular regions of the retinal vasculature and stabilized the blood-retinal barrier breakdown. Findings in this study highlight a therapeutic potential of hESC-PVPCs in DR by mimicking the role of pericytes in vascular stabilization. SIGNIFICANCE This study provides a simple and feasible method to generate perivascular progenitor cells from human embryonic stem cells. These cells share functional characteristics with pericytes, which are irreversibly lost at the onset of diabetic retinopathy. Animal studies demonstrated that replenishing the damaged pericytes with perivascular progenitor cells could restore retinal vascular integrity and prevent fluid leakage. This provides promising and compelling evidence that perivascular progenitor cells can be used as a novel therapeutic agent to treat diabetic retinopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Mo Kim
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ki-Sung Hong
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kyung Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyeong Bae
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Hwang
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Kim
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Min Chung
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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26
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Wang W, Lee Y, Lee CH. Effects of nitric oxide on stem cell therapy. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1685-96. [PMID: 26394194 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of stem cells as a research tool and a therapeutic vehicle has demonstrated their great potential in the treatment of various diseases. With unveiling of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) universally present at various levels in nearly all types of body tissues, the potential therapeutic implication of nitric oxide (NO) has been magnified, and thus scientists have explored new treatment strategies involved with stem cells and NO against various diseases. As the functionality of NO encompasses cardiovascular, neuronal and immune systems, NO is involved in stem cell differentiation, epigenetic regulation and immune suppression. Stem cells trigger cellular responses to external signals on the basis of both NO specific pathways and concerted action with endogenous compounds including stem cell regulators. As potency and interaction of NO with stem cells generally depend on the concentrations of NO and the presence of the cofactors at the active site, the suitable carriers for NO delivery is integral for exerting maximal efficacy of stem cells. The innovative utilization of NO functionality and involved mechanisms would invariably alter the paradigm of therapeutic application of stem cells. Future prospects in NO-involved stem cell research which promises to enhance drug discovery efforts by opening new era to improve drug efficacy, reduce drug toxicity and understand disease mechanisms and pathways, were also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuchen Wang
- School of Pharmacy University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - Yugyung Lee
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - Chi H Lee
- School of Pharmacy University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA.
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27
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Rizzo AN, Aman J, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Dudek SM. Targeting Abl kinases to regulate vascular leak during sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1071-9. [PMID: 25814671 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.115.305085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium separates circulating fluid and inflammatory cells from the surrounding tissues. Vascular leak occurs in response to wide-spread inflammatory processes, such as sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, because of the formation of gaps between endothelial cells. Although these disorders are leading causes of mortality in the intensive care unit, no medical therapies exist to restore endothelial cell barrier function. Recent evidence highlights a key role for the Abl family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in regulating vascular barrier integrity. These kinases have well-described roles in cancer progression and neuronal morphogenesis, but their functions in the vasculature have remained enigmatic until recently. The Abl family kinases, c-Abl (Abl1) and Abl related gene (Arg, Abl2), phosphorylate several cytoskeletal effectors that mediate vascular permeability, including nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, vinculin, and β-catenin. They also regulate cell-cell and cell-matrix junction dynamics, and the formation of actin-based cellular protrusions in multiple cell types. In addition, both c-Abl and Arg are activated by hyperoxia and contribute to oxidant-induced endothelial cell injury. These numerous roles of Abl kinases in endothelial cells and the current clinical usage of imatinib and other Abl kinase inhibitors have spurred recent interest in repurposing these drugs for the treatment of vascular barrier dysfunction. This review will describe the structure and function of Abl kinases with an emphasis on their roles in mediating vascular barrier integrity. We will also provide a critical evaluation of the potential for exploiting Abl kinase inhibition as a novel therapy for inflammatory vascular leak syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia N Rizzo
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine (A.N.R., S.M.D.) and Department of Pharmacology (A.N.R., G.P.v.N.A., S.M.D.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Departments of Physiology (J.A., G.P.v.N.A.) and Pulmonary Diseases (J.A.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine (A.N.R., S.M.D.) and Department of Pharmacology (A.N.R., G.P.v.N.A., S.M.D.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Departments of Physiology (J.A., G.P.v.N.A.) and Pulmonary Diseases (J.A.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten P van Nieuw Amerongen
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine (A.N.R., S.M.D.) and Department of Pharmacology (A.N.R., G.P.v.N.A., S.M.D.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Departments of Physiology (J.A., G.P.v.N.A.) and Pulmonary Diseases (J.A.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Dudek
- From the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine (A.N.R., S.M.D.) and Department of Pharmacology (A.N.R., G.P.v.N.A., S.M.D.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Departments of Physiology (J.A., G.P.v.N.A.) and Pulmonary Diseases (J.A.), Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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