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Rama E, Mohapatra SR, Sugimura Y, Suzuki T, Siebert S, Barmin R, Hermann J, Baier J, Rix A, Lemainque T, Koletnik S, Elshafei AS, Pallares RM, Dadfar SM, Tolba RH, Schulz V, Jankowski J, Apel C, Akhyari P, Jockenhoevel S, Kiessling F. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of biohybrid tissue-engineered vascular grafts with transformative 1H/ 19F MRI traceable scaffolds. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122669. [PMID: 38906013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Biohybrid tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) promise long-term durability due to their ability to adapt to hosts' needs. However, the latter calls for sensitive non-invasive imaging approaches to longitudinally monitor their functionality, integrity, and positioning. Here, we present an imaging approach comprising the labeling of non-degradable and degradable TEVGs' components for their in vitro and in vivo monitoring by hybrid 1H/19F MRI. TEVGs (inner diameter 1.5 mm) consisted of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers passively incorporating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), non-degradable polyvinylidene fluoride scaffolds labeled with highly fluorinated thermoplastic polyurethane (19F-TPU) fibers, a smooth muscle cells containing fibrin blend, and endothelial cells. 1H/19F MRI of TEVGs in bioreactors, and after subcutaneous and infrarenal implantation in rats, revealed that PLGA degradation could be faithfully monitored by the decreasing SPIONs signal. The 19F signal of 19F-TPU remained constant over weeks. PLGA degradation was compensated by cells' collagen and α-smooth-muscle-actin deposition. Interestingly, only TEVGs implanted on the abdominal aorta contained elastin. XTT and histology proved that our imaging markers did not influence extracellular matrix deposition and host immune reaction. This concept of non-invasive longitudinal assessment of cardiovascular implants using 1H/19F MRI might be applicable to various biohybrid tissue-engineered implants, facilitating their clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rama
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Saurav Ranjan Mohapatra
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Yukiharu Sugimura
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tomoyuki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Barmin
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Juliane Hermann
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Baier
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Teresa Lemainque
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Koletnik
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Asmaa Said Elshafei
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger Molto Pallares
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Ardena Oss, 5349 AB Oss, the Netherlands
| | - René H Tolba
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen International University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Aachen-Maastricht Institute for CardioRenal Disease (AMICARE), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University of Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty and RWTH University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical Textiles, AME-Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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2
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Chen J, Wang B, Dasgupta A, Porte C, Eckardt L, Qi J, Weiler M, Lammers T, Rix A, Shi Y, Kiessling F. Aminolysis-mediated single-step surface functionalization of poly (butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:528. [PMID: 39218888 PMCID: PMC11367926 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular ultrasound imaging with actively targeted microbubbles (MB) proved promising in preclinical studies but its clinical translation is limited. To achieve this, it is essential that the actively targeted MB can be produced with high batch-to-batch reproducibility with a controllable and defined number of binding ligands on the surface. In this regard, poly (n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA)-based polymeric MB have been used for US molecular imaging, however, ligand coupling was mostly done via hydrolysis and carbodiimide chemistry, which is a multi-step procedure with poor reproducibility and low MB yield. Herein, we developed a single-step coupling procedure resulting in high MB yields with minimal batch-to-batch variation. Actively targeted PBCA-MB were generated using an aminolysis protocol, wherein amine-containing cRGD was added to the MB using lithium methoxide as a catalyst. We confirmed the successful conjugation of cRGD on the MB surface, while preserving their structure and acoustic signal. Compared to the conventional hydrolysis protocol, aminolysis resulted in higher MB yields and better reproducibility of coupling efficiency. Optical imaging revealed that under flow conditions, cRGD- and rhodamine-labelled MB, generated by aminolysis, specifically bind to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) activated endothelial cells in vitro. Furthermore, US molecular imaging demonstrated a markedly higher binding of the cRGD-MB than of control MB in TNF-α activated mouse aortas and 4T1 tumors in mice. Thus, using the aminolysis based conjugation approach, important refinements on the production of cRGD-MB could be achieved that will facilitate the production of clinical-scale formulations with excellent binding and ultrasound imaging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Chen
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bi Wang
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anshuman Dasgupta
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Céline Porte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lisa Eckardt
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jinwei Qi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yang Shi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Moosavifar M, Barmin RA, Rama E, Rix A, Gumerov RA, Lisson T, Bastard C, Rütten S, Avraham-Radermacher N, Koehler J, Pohl M, Kulkarni V, Baier J, Koletnik S, Zhang R, Dasgupta A, Motta A, Weiler M, Potemkin II, Schmitz G, Kiessling F, Lammers T, Pallares RM. Polymeric Microbubble Shell Engineering: Microporosity as a Key Factor to Enhance Ultrasound Imaging and Drug Delivery Performance. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404385. [PMID: 39207095 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MB) are widely used as contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging and US-enhanced drug delivery. Polymeric MB are highly suitable for these applications because of their acoustic responsiveness, high drug loading capability, and ease of surface functionalization. While many studies have focused on using polymeric MB for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, relatively little attention has thus far been paid to improving their inherent imaging and drug delivery features. This study here shows that manipulating the polymer chemistry of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) MB via temporarily mixing the monomer with the monomer-mimetic butyl cyanoacetate (BCC) during the polymerization process improves the drug loading capacity of PBCA MB by more than twofold, and the in vitro and in vivo acoustic responses of PBCA MB by more than tenfold. Computer simulations and physisorption experiments show that BCC manipulates the growth of PBCA polymer chains and creates nanocavities in the MB shell, endowing PBCA MB with greater drug entrapment capability and stronger acoustic properties. Notably, because BCC can be readily and completely removed during MB purification, the resulting formulation does not include any residual reagent beyond the ones already present in current PBCA-based MB products, facilitating the potential translation of next-generation PBCA MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjavad Moosavifar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman A Barmin
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Rama
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rustam A Gumerov
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lisson
- Chair for Medical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Céline Bastard
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscope Facility, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Noah Avraham-Radermacher
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Koehler
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Pohl
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vedangi Kulkarni
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Baier
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Koletnik
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rui Zhang
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anshuman Dasgupta
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessandro Motta
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marek Weiler
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Schmitz
- Chair for Medical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger M Pallares
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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4
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Kiessling F. [Experimental Environment in Radiology: Sustainable Research]. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2024; 196:787-793. [PMID: 38479410 DOI: 10.1055/a-2268-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Research requires large sums of money that are indirectly provided by taxpayers. It is therefore important that research is sustainable and does not just serve the career development of individuals. The aim of this article is to discuss what sustainable research in radiology is, how it can be organised and, above all, to show that it is possible.There are various approaches to achieving sustainability, ranging from purely gaining knowledge to translated devices and contrast agents, and to new clinical applications. The first step is to clarify exactly what is intended to be achieved with the research and critically weigh up the novelty value and the expected impact. This should be followed by careful, long-term planning of the project over a period of 5-15 years with the definition of clear sub-steps. Securing funding is just as important here as regular communication of the results. It often makes sense to involve the regulatory authorities and commercialisation partners in the project at an early stage.Academic radiology should not limit itself to serving as a test platform for imaging devices and contrast agents from industry, but should try to realise its own ideas and developments. Many academic centres around the world have shown that this is possible. Examples from my own research, particularly in relation to the development and translation of super-resolution ultrasound imaging and the development of diagnostics and nanopharmaceuticals, are explained in this article and challenges at various stages of development are discussed. Young radiologists are encouraged to set bigger and more long-term goals in order to influence and develop our field in a sustainable way. · Sustainable research requires creativity and careful planning. · Sustainable research can start at several stages of the technical readiness level. · Long-term planning of the overall concept (5-15 years) with clear intermediate steps is essential. · Cooperation with industry is often useful. · Acquisition of third-party funding must be ensured at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen site, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
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5
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Microbubbles for human diagnosis and therapy. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122025. [PMID: 36716588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MBs) were observed for the first time in vivo as a curious consequence of quick saline injection during ultrasound (US) imaging of the aortic root, more than 50 years ago. From this serendipitous event, MBs are now widely used as contrast enhancers for US imaging. Their intrinsic properties described in this review, allow a multitude of designs, from shell to gas composition but also from grafting targeting agents to drug payload encapsulation. Indeed, the versatile MBs are deeply studied for their dual potential in imaging and therapy. As presented in this paper, new generations of MBs now opens perspectives for targeted molecular imaging along with the development of new US imaging systems. This review also presents an overview of the different therapeutic strategies with US and MBs for cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. The overall aim is to overlap those fields in order to find similarities in the MBs application for treatment enhancement associated with US. To conclude, this review explores the new scales of MBs technologies with nanobubbles development, and along concurrent advances in the US imaging field. This review ends by discussing perspectives for the booming future uses of MBs.
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Rama E, Mohapatra SR, Melcher C, Nolte T, Dadfar SM, Brueck R, Pathak V, Rix A, Gries T, Schulz V, Lammers T, Apel C, Jockenhoevel S, Kiessling F. Monitoring the Remodeling of Biohybrid Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts by Multimodal Molecular Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105783. [PMID: 35119216 PMCID: PMC8981893 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) with the ability to grow and remodel open new perspectives for cardiovascular surgery. Equipping TEVGs with synthetic polymers and biological components provides a good compromise between high structural stability and biological adaptability. However, imaging approaches to control grafts' structural integrity, physiological function, and remodeling during the entire transition between late in vitro maturation and early in vivo engraftment are mandatory for clinical implementation. Thus, a comprehensive molecular imaging concept using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) to monitor textile scaffold resorption, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and endothelial integrity in TEVGs is presented here. Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPION) incorporated in biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibers of the TEVGs allow to quantitatively monitor scaffold resorption via MRI both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, ECM formation can be depicted by molecular MRI using elastin- and collagen-targeted probes. Finally, molecular US of αv β3 integrins confirms the absence of endothelial dysfunction; the latter is provocable by TNF-α. In conclusion, the successful employment of noninvasive molecular imaging to longitudinally evaluate TEVGs remodeling is demonstrated. This approach may foster its translation from in vitro quality control assessment to in vivo applications to ensure proper prostheses engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rama
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Saurav Ranjan Mohapatra
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical TextilesInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Melcher
- Institute for Textile Technology RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Teresa Nolte
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Seyed Mohammadali Dadfar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Ramona Brueck
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Vertika Pathak
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Thomas Gries
- Institute for Textile Technology RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Volkmar Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Christian Apel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical TextilesInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Biohybrid & Medical TextilesInstitute of Applied Medical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering RWTH – Aachen University Forckenbeckstrasse 5552074AachenGermany
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7
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Xu Y, Zheng H, Schumacher D, Liehn EA, Slabu I, Rusu M. Recent Advancements of Specific Functionalized Surfaces of Magnetic Nano- and Microparticles as a Theranostics Source in Biomedicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1914-1932. [PMID: 33856199 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nano- and microparticles (MNMPs) belong to a highly versatile class of colloids with actuator and sensor properties that have been broadly studied for their application in theranostics such as molecular imaging and drug delivery. The use of advanced biocompatible, biodegradable polymers and polyelectrolytes as MNMP coating materials is essential to ensure the stability of MNMPs and enable efficient drug release while at the same time preventing cytotoxic effects. In the past years, huge progress has been made in terms of the design of MNMPs. Especially, the understanding of coating formation with respect to control of drug loading and release kinetics on the molecular level has significantly advanced. In this review, recent advancements in the field of MNMP surface engineering and the applicability of MNMPs in research fields of medical imaging, diagnosis, and nanotherapeutics are presented and discussed. Furthermore, in this review the main emphasis is put on the manipulation of biological specimens and cell trafficking, for which MNMPs represent a favorable tool enabling transport processes of drugs through cell membranes. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for applications of MNMPs as theranostic nanomaterials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Huabo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - David Schumacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Anamaria Liehn
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Angiology, and Intensive Care, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mihaela Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology "Victor Babes", Splaiul Independentei nr. 99-101, Sector 5, 050096 Bucharest, Romania.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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8
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Osborn EA, Albaghdadi M, Libby P, Jaffer FA. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Molecular Ultrasound Imaging. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101935. [PMID: 32998422 PMCID: PMC7601169 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, molecular ultrasound imaging has been rapidly progressing. It has proven promising to diagnose angiogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis, and many intravascular targets, such as VEGFR2, integrins, and selectins, have been successfully visualized in vivo. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies demonstrated that molecular ultrasound increased sensitivity and specificity in disease detection, classification, and therapy response monitoring compared to current clinically applied ultrasound technologies. Several techniques were developed to detect target-bound microbubbles comprising sensitive particle acoustic quantification (SPAQ), destruction-replenishment analysis, and dwelling time assessment. Moreover, some groups tried to assess microbubble binding by a change in their echogenicity after target binding. These techniques can be complemented by radiation force ultrasound improving target binding by pushing microbubbles to vessel walls. Two targeted microbubble formulations are already in clinical trials for tumor detection and liver lesion characterization, and further clinical scale targeted microbubbles are prepared for clinical translation. The recent enormous progress in the field of molecular ultrasound imaging is summarized in this review article by introducing the most relevant detection technologies, concepts for targeted nano- and micro-bubbles, as well as their applications to characterize various diseases. Finally, progress in clinical translation is highlighted, and roadblocks are discussed that currently slow the clinical translation.
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10
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Wu C, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Updates on Approaches for Studying Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:e108-e117. [PMID: 30917052 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Congqing Wu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- From the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (C.W., A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.), University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Röhl S, Eriksson L, Saxelin R, Lengquist M, Östenson CG, Hedin U, Caidahl K, Razuvaev A. Noninvasive in vivo Assessment of the Re-endothelialization Process Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in the Rat Carotid Artery Balloon Injury Model. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:1723-1731. [PMID: 30426541 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), or ultra high-frequency ultrasound, is a technique used to assess the anatomy of small research animals. In this study, UBM was used to assess differences in intimal hyperplasia thickness as a surrogate measurement of the re-endothelialization process after carotid artery balloon injury in rats. METHODS Ultrasound biomicroscopic data from 3 different experiments and rat strains (Sprague Dawley, Wistar, and diabetic Goto-Kakizaki) were analyzed. All animals were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and examined with UBM (30-70 MHz) 2 and 4 weeks after injury. Re-endothelialization on UBM was defined as the length from the carotid bifurcation to the most distal visible edge of the intimal hyperplasia. En face staining with Evans blue dye was performed at euthanasia 4 weeks after injury, followed by tissue harvesting for histochemical and immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS A significant correlation (Spearman r = 0.63; P < .0001) was identified when comparing all measurements of re-endothelialization obtained from UBM and en face staining. The findings revealed a similar pattern for all rat strains: Sprague Dawley (Spearman r = 0.70; P < .0001), Wistar (Spearman r = 0.36; P < .081), and Goto-Kakizaki (Spearman r = 0.70; P < .05). A Bland-Altman test showed agreement between en face staining and UBM. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of the endothelium in the areas detected as re-endothelialized by the UBM assessment. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound biomicroscopy can be used for repeated in vivo assessment of re-endothelialization after carotid artery balloon injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Röhl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linnea Eriksson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Saxelin
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mariette Lengquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton Razuvaev
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vigne J, Thackeray J, Essers J, Makowski M, Varasteh Z, Curaj A, Karlas A, Canet-Soulas E, Mulder W, Kiessling F, Schäfers M, Botnar R, Wildgruber M, Hyafil F. Current and Emerging Preclinical Approaches for Imaging-Based Characterization of Atherosclerosis. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:869-887. [PMID: 30250990 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaques can remain quiescent for years, but become life threatening upon rupture or disruption, initiating clot formation in the vessel lumen and causing acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. Whether and how a plaque ruptures is determined by its macroscopic structure and microscopic composition. Rupture-prone plaques usually consist of a thin fibrous cap with few smooth muscle cells, a large lipid core, a dense infiltrate of inflammatory cells, and neovessels. Such lesions, termed high-risk plaques, can remain asymptomatic until the thrombotic event. Various imaging technologies currently allow visualization of morphological and biological characteristics of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. Conventional protocols are often complex and lack specificity for high-risk plaque. Conversely, new imaging approaches are emerging which may overcome these limitations. Validation of these novel imaging techniques in preclinical models of atherosclerosis is essential for effective translational to clinical practice. Imaging the vessel wall, as well as its biological milieu in small animal models, is challenging because the vessel wall is a small structure that undergoes continuous movements imposed by the cardiac cycle as it is adjacent to circulating blood. The focus of this paper is to provide a state-of-the-art review on techniques currently available for preclinical imaging of atherosclerosis in small animal models and to discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vigne
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France
| | - James Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Departments of Vascular Surgery, Molecular Genetics, Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zoreh Varasteh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angelos Karlas
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Canet-Soulas
- Laboratoire CarMeN, INSERM U-1060, Lyon/Hospices Civils Lyon, IHU OPERA Cardioprotection, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Willem Mulder
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Schäfers
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - René Botnar
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Institut für Klinische Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bichat University Hospital, AP-HP; INSERM, U-1148, DHU FIRE, University Diderot, Paris, France. .,Département de Médecine Nucléaire, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bichat, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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Wischhusen J, Padilla F. Ultrasound Molecular Imaging with Targeted Microbubbles for Cancer Diagnostics: From Bench to Bedside. Ing Rech Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Molecular ultrasound imaging of JAM-A depicts early arterial inflammation. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:2222-2223. [PMID: 30219803 PMCID: PMC6188502 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reesink KD, Hendrikx T, van Gorp PJ, Hoeks AP, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Ultrasonic Perfluorohexane-Loaded Monocyte Imaging: Toward a Minimally Invasive Technique for Selective Detection of Liver Inflammation in Fatty Liver Disease. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:921-933. [PMID: 28990215 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the utility of ultrasonic (US) perfluorohexane (PFH)-loaded monocyte imaging for detection of liver inflammation in fatty liver disease. METHODS C57Bl6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with tumor necrosis factor α and assessed by US PFH-loaded monocyte imaging 3 hours later. Echogenic monocytes were injected intravenously, leading to a transient increase in liver tissue intensity on a US perfusion scan. The contrast wash-out time constant was hypothesized to reflect the degree of inflammation. Next, we evaluated US PFH-loaded monocyte imaging in Ldlr-/- mice fed a 1-week high-fat/high-cholesterol diet as model for early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Adjunct analyses included tissue markers of liver inflammation. RESULTS Tumor necrosis factor α-injected mice showed a reduced wash-out time constant (mean ± SEM, 0.013 ± 0.003; n = 8) compared to controls (0.054 ± 0.009; n = 7; P = .0006), indicative of increased inflammatory adhesion molecule expression on the endothelium. The Ldlr-/- mice fed the high-fat/high-cholesterol diet showed liver inflammation, as reflected by increased (3- to 4-fold) infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased (3- to 4-fold) gene expression of tumor necrosis factor α, integrin αM, intracellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule. However, in these mice, no difference was detected in the wash-out time constant as assessed by US PFH-loaded monocyte imaging (high-fat/high-cholesterol, 0.050 ± 0.017; n = 5; chow, 0.048 ± 0.006; n = 6; P = .91). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that US PFH-loaded monocyte imaging is able to detect vascularly expressed inflammatory adhesion molecules in the mouse liver on direct endothelial stimulation. However, in our mouse model of early developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, we did not detect inflammation by this method, which may suggest that the time-dependent relationship between parenchymal and endothelial inflammation remains a fundamental issue to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen D Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Hendrikx
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht School for Nutritional Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J van Gorp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht School for Nutritional Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Arnold P Hoeks
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht School for Nutritional Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Rix A, Lederle W, Theek B, Lammers T, Moonen C, Schmitz G, Kiessling F. Advanced Ultrasound Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:740-746. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Process System Engineering Methodologies Applied to Tissue Development and Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1078:445-463. [PMID: 30357637 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and the manufacturing of regenerative medicine products demand strict control over the production process and product quality monitoring. In this chapter, the application of process systems engineering (PSE) approaches in the production of cell-based products has been discussed. Mechanistic, empirical, continuum and discrete models are compared and their use in describing cellular phenomena is reviewed. In addition, model-based optimization strategies employed in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are discussed. An introduction to process control theory is given and the main applications of classical and advanced methods in cellular production processes are described. Finally, new nondestructive and noninvasive monitoring techniques have been reviewed, focusing on large-scale manufacturing systems for cell-based constructs and therapeutic products. The application of the PSE methodologies presented here offers a promising alternative to overcome the main challenges in manufacturing engineered tissue and regeneration products.
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Curaj A, Wu Z, Rix A, Gresch O, Sternkopf M, Alampour-Rajabi S, Lammers T, van Zandvoort M, Weber C, Koenen RR, Liehn EA, Kiessling F. Molecular Ultrasound Imaging of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A Depicts Acute Alterations in Blood Flow and Early Endothelial Dysregulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:40-48. [PMID: 29191926 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is physiologically located in interendothelial tight junctions and focally redistributes to the luminal surface of blood vessels under abnormal shear and flow conditions accompanying atherosclerotic lesion development. Therefore, JAM-A was evaluated as a target for molecularly targeted ultrasound imaging of transient endothelial dysfunction under acute blood flow variations. APPROACH AND RESULTS Flow-dependent endothelial dysfunction was induced in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (n=43) by carotid partial ligation. JAM-A expression was investigated by molecular ultrasound using antibody-targeted poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) microbubbles and validated with immunofluorescence. Flow disturbance and arterial remodeling were assessed using functional ultrasound. Partial ligation led to an immediate drop in perfusion at the ligated side and a direct compensatory increase at the contralateral side. This was accompanied by a strongly increased JAM-A expression and JAM-A-targeted microbubbles binding at the partially ligated side and by a moderate and temporary increase in the contralateral artery (≈14× [P<0.001] and ≈5× [P<0.001] higher than control, respectively), both peaking after 2 weeks. Subsequently, although JAM-A expression and JAM-A-targeted microbubbles binding persisted at a higher level at the partially ligated side, it completely normalized within 4 weeks at the contralateral side. CONCLUSIONS Temporary blood flow variations induce endothelial rearrangement of JAM-A, which can be visualized using JAM-A-targeted microbubbles. Thus, JAM-A may be considered as a marker of acute endothelial activation and dysfunction. Its imaging may facilitate the early detection of cardiovascular risk areas, and it enables the therapeutic prevention of their progression toward an irreversible pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Curaj
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Zhuojun Wu
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Anne Rix
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Oliver Gresch
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Marieke Sternkopf
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Setareh Alampour-Rajabi
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Twan Lammers
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Marc van Zandvoort
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Rory R Koenen
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.)
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- From the Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR) (A.C., Z.W., M.S., S.A.-R., M.v.Z., E.A.L.), and Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging (ExMI) (A.C., Z.W., A.R., T.L., F.K.), University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Germany; Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania (A.C.); AYOXXA Biosystems GmbH, Cologne, Germany (O.G.); Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands (T.L.); Department of Genetics and Molecular Cell Biology, School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., R.R.K.); Department of Biochemistry, School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (M.v.Z., C.W.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Munich Heart Alliance (DZHK), Germany (C.W.); Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (C.W.); and Human Genetic Laboratory, University for Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania (E.A.L.).
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Molecular Ultrasound Imaging of αvβ3-Integrin Expression in Carotid Arteries of Pigs After Vessel Injury. Invest Radiol 2017; 51:767-775. [PMID: 27119438 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventions such as balloon angioplasty can cause vascular injury leading to platelet activation, thrombus formation, and inflammatory response. This induces vascular smooth muscle cell activation and subsequent re-endothelialization with expression of αvβ3-integrin by endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cell. Thus, poly-N-butylcyanoacrylate microbubbles (MBs) targeted to αvβ3-integrin were evaluated for monitoring vascular healing after vessel injury in pigs using molecular ultrasound imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Approval for animal experiments was obtained. The binding specificity of αvβ3-integrin-targeted MB to human umbilical vein endothelial cells was tested with fluorescence microscopy. In vivo imaging was performed using a clinical ultrasound system and an 8-MHz probe. Six mini pigs were examined after vessel injury in the left carotid artery. The right carotid served as control. Uncoated MB, cDRG-coated MB, and αvβ3-integrin-specific cRGD-coated MB were injected sequentially. Bound MBs were assessed 8 minutes after injection using ultrasound replenishment analysis. Measurements were performed 2 hours, 1 and 5 weeks, and 3 and 6 months after injury. In vivo data were validated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Significantly stronger binding of cRGD-MB than MB and cDRG-MB to human umbilical vein endothelial cells was found (P < 0.01). As vessel injury leads to upregulation of αvβ3-integrin, cRGD-MBs bound significantly stronger (P < 0.05) in injured carotid arteries than at the counter side 1 week after vessel injury and significant differences could also be observed after 5 weeks. After 3 months, αvβ3-integrin expression decreased to baseline and binding of cRGD-MB was comparable in both vessels. Values remained at baseline also after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound imaging with RGD-MB is promising for monitoring vascular healing after vessel injury. This may open new perspectives to assess vascular damage after radiological interventions.
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Wu Z, Rademakers T, Kiessling F, Vogt M, Westein E, Weber C, Megens RT, van Zandvoort M. Multi-photon microscopy in cardiovascular research. Methods 2017; 130:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Zupančič E, Fayad ZA, Mulder WJM. Cardiovascular Immunotherapy and the Role of Imaging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e167-e171. [PMID: 29070539 PMCID: PMC5743324 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Zupančič
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.)
| | - Willem J M Mulder
- From the Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (E.Z., Z.A.F., W.J.M.M.); and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (W.J.M.M.).
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Güvener N, Appold L, de Lorenzi F, Golombek SK, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Recent advances in ultrasound-based diagnosis and therapy with micro- and nanometer-sized formulations. Methods 2017; 130:4-13. [PMID: 28552267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used imaging methods in the clinic. The broad spectrum of its applications can be increased by the use of gas-filled microbubbles (MB) as ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). In recent years, also nanoscale UCA like nanobubbles (NB), echogenic liposomes (ELIP) and nanodroplets have been developed, which in contrast to MB, are able to extravasate from the vessels into the tissue. New disease-specific UCA have been designed for the assessment of tissue biomarkers and advanced US to a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, specific binding moieties were coupled to the UCA surface. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and P-/E-selectin are prominent examples of molecular US targets to visualize tumor blood vessels and inflammatory diseases, respectively. Besides their application in contrast-enhanced imaging, MB can also be employed for drug delivery to tumors and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the development of micro- and nanoscaled UCA and highlights recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which are ready for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Güvener
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Federica de Lorenzi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Mukai K, Zhu W, Nakajima Y, Kobayashi M, Nakatani T. Non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of angiogenesis in a murine full-thickness cutaneous wound healing model using high-resolution three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Skin Res Technol 2017; 23:581-587. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Mukai
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - W. Zhu
- Department of Quantum Medical Technology; Graduate Course of Medical Science and Technology; Division of Health Sciences; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - Y. Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Nursing; Graduate Course of Nursing Science; Division of Health Sciences; Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - M. Kobayashi
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
| | - T. Nakatani
- Faculty of Health Sciences; Institute of Medical; Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Kanazawa Japan
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PBCA-based polymeric microbubbles for molecular imaging and drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 259:128-135. [PMID: 28279799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbubbles (MB) are routinely used as contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging. We describe different types of targeted and drug-loaded poly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) MB, and demonstrate their suitability for multiple biomedical applications, including molecular US imaging and US-mediated drug delivery. Molecular imaging of angiogenic tumor blood vessels and inflamed atherosclerotic endothelium is performed by modifying the surface of PBCA MB with peptides and antibodies recognizing E-selectin and VCAM-1. Stable and inertial cavitation of PBCA MB enables sonoporation and permeabilization of blood vessels in tumors and in the brain, which can be employed for direct and indirect drug delivery. Direct drug delivery is based on US-induced release of (model) drug molecules from the MB shell. Indirect drug delivery refers to US- and MB-mediated enhancement of extravasation and penetration of co-administered drugs and drug delivery systems. These findings are in line with recently reported pioneering proof-of-principle studies showing the usefulness of (phospholipid) MB for molecular US imaging and sonoporation-enhanced drug delivery in patients. They aim to exemplify the potential and the broad applicability of combining MB with US to improve disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging is increasingly being used in clinical applications, particularly for cardiovascular and liver diagnostics. In this context the availability of new molecular contrast agents and the initiation of clinical translation promises new options for pathomechanistic diagnostics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Analysis of the current literature on the development of molecular ultrasound contrast agents, the detection methods as well as the applications in preclinical and clinical studies. RESULTS Molecular contrast agents have become established in preclinical research for the detection of inflammation and angiogenesis and have been continuously refined over recent years. They consist of gas filled microbubbles with a diameter of 1-5 µm and the gas core is stabilized by a shell made of lipids, proteins or polymers to which biomolecules are conjugated that determine the target specificity. The agent BR55 is the first clinically evaluated molecular ultrasound contrast agent. It binds to the angiogenesis marker vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and has been studied in several preclinical and clinical phase I and II studies on tumor diagnostics and characterization. CONCLUSION Molecular ultrasound imaging is rapidly evolving in preclinical research for a broad field of applications. Translation to clinical practice is conceivable for many indications and is already ongoing for BR55.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rix
- Institut für Experimentelle Molekulare Bildgebung, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - M Palmowski
- Institut für Experimentelle Molekulare Bildgebung, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland
| | - F Kiessling
- Institut für Experimentelle Molekulare Bildgebung, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Deutschland.
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Imaging inflammation and neovascularization in atherosclerosis: clinical and translational molecular and structural imaging targets. Curr Opin Cardiol 2016; 30:671-80. [PMID: 26398413 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0000000000000226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to showcase advances in molecular imaging of atheroma biology in living individuals. RECENT FINDINGS F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) continues to be the predominant molecular imaging approach for clinical applications, particularly in the large arterial beds. Recently, there has been significant progress in imaging of neovascularization and inflammation to delineate high-risk atheroma and to evaluate drug efficacy. In addition, new hardware detection technology and imaging agents are enabling in-vivo imaging of new targets on diverse imaging platforms. SUMMARY In this review, we present recent exciting developments in molecular and structural imaging of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation and neovascularization. Building upon prior studies, these advances develop key technology that will play an important role in propelling new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies identifying high-risk plaque phenotypes and assessing new plaque stabilization therapies in clinical trials.
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