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Tsoporis JN, Triantafyllis AS, Kalogeropoulos AS, Izhar S, Rigopoulos AG, Rallidis LS, Sakadakis E, Toumpoulis IK, Salpeas V, Leong-Poi H, Parker TG, Rizos I. Differential Expression of Circulating Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns in Patients with Coronary Artery Ectasia. Biomolecules 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38275751 PMCID: PMC10813324 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is defined as abnormal dilation of a coronary artery with a diameter exceeding that of adjacent normal arterial segment by >1.5 times. CAE is a pathological entity of the coronary arteries and characterized as a variant of coronary atherosclerosis. CAE frequently coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD). While inflammation appears to be involved, the pathophysiology of CAE remains unclear. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), defined as endogenous molecules released from stressed or damaged tissue, are deemed as alarm signals by the innate immune system. Inflammatory agents can generate DAMPs and DAMPs can create a pro-inflammatory state. In a prospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 29 patients with CAE and non-obstructive CAD, 19 patients with obstructive CAD without CAE, and 14 control subjects with normal (control) coronary arteries age- and sex-matched with the CAE patients, to investigate the differential expression of plasma DAMPs. Patients with CAE and non-obstructive CAD had increased plasma levels of the DAMPs S100B, S100A12, HMGB1, and HSP70, the DAMPs receptor TLR4, and miR328a-3p compared to CAD and controls. Plasma levels of the mir328a-3p target the protective soluble form of the DAMPs receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and the antioxidant DJ-1 was decreased in both CAE and CAD compared to controls. In an in vitro human umbilical vein endothelial cells model, circulating levels of S100B, HMGB1, HSP70 as well as CAE patient plasma induced inflammatory responses. The differential expression of the DAMPs S100B, HSP70, HMGB1, and their receptors TLR4 and sRAGE in CAE versus CAD makes them attractive novel biomarkers as therapeutic targets and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (H.L.-P.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Andreas S. Triantafyllis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
- Askepeion General Hospital, 16673 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas S. Kalogeropoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
- Hygeia HealthCare Group, Department of Cardiology, Mitera General Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Shehla Izhar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (H.L.-P.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Angelos G. Rigopoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Eleftherios Sakadakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioannis K. Toumpoulis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Vasileios Salpeas
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Howard Leong-Poi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (H.L.-P.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, 30 Bond St., Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (H.L.-P.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (A.S.T.); (A.S.K.); (A.G.R.); (L.S.R.); (E.S.); (I.K.T.); (V.S.); (I.R.)
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Lu Y, Sun Y, Saaoud F, Shao Y, Xu K, Jiang X, Wu S, Yu J, Snyder NW, Yang L, Shi XM, Zhao H, Wang H, Yang X. ER stress mediates Angiotensin II-augmented innate immunity memory and facilitates distinct susceptibilities of thoracic from abdominal aorta to aneurysm development. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1268916. [PMID: 37731512 PMCID: PMC10507336 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and trained immunity, we performed transcriptome analyses on the thoracic aorta (TA) and abdominal aorta (AA) from the angiotensin II (Ang II)-HFD-ApoE-KO aneurysm model and made significant findings: 1) Ang II bypassed HFD-induced metabolic reprogramming and induced stronger inflammation in AA than in TA; 2) Ang II and HFD upregulated 890 genes in AA versus TA and induced cytokine signaling; 3) Ang II AA and TA upregulated 73 and 68 cytokines, scRNA-Seq identified markers of macrophages and immune cells, cell death regulators, respectively; transdifferentiation markers of neuron, glial, and squamous epithelial cells were upregulated by Ang II-AA and TA; and pyroptosis signaling with IL-1β and caspase-4 were more upregulated in Ang II-AA than in TA; 4) Six upregulated transcriptomes in patients with AAA, Ang II AA, Ang II TA, additional aneurysm models, PPE-AAA and BAPN-Ang II-AAA, were partially overlapped with 10 lists of new ER stress gene sets including 3 interaction protein lists of ER stress regulators ATF6, PERK, and IRE1, HPA ER localization genes, KEGG signal genes, XBP1 transcription targets, ATF4 (PERK) targets, ATF6 targets, thapsigargin ER stress genes, tunicamycin-ER stress genes, respectively; 5) Ang II-AA and TA upregulated ROS regulators, MitoCarta genes, trained immunity genes, and glycolysis genes; and 6) Gene KO transcriptomes indicated that ATF6 and PERK played more significant roles than IRE1 in promoting AAA and trained immunity whereas antioxidant NRF2 inhibited them. Our unprecedented ER-focused transcriptomic analyses have provided novel insights on the roles of ER as an immune organelle in sensing various DAMPs and initiating ER stress that triggers Ang II-accelerated trained immunity and differs susceptibilities of thoracic and abdominal aortas to diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Lu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yu Sun
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ying Shao
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Keman Xu
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sheng Wu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jun Yu
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Nathaniel W. Snyder
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xinghua Mindy Shi
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Huaqing Zhao
- Biomedical Education and Data Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Centers of Cardiovascular Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Metabolic Disease Research and Thrombosis Research Center, Departments of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Puertas-Umbert L, Almendra-Pegueros R, Jiménez-Altayó F, Sirvent M, Galán M, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Novel pharmacological approaches in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1167-1194. [PMID: 37559446 PMCID: PMC10415166 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a severe vascular disease and a major public health issue with an unmet medical need for therapy. This disease is featured by a progressive dilation of the abdominal aorta, boosted by atherosclerosis, ageing, and smoking as major risk factors. Aneurysm growth increases the risk of aortic rupture, a life-threatening emergency with high mortality rates. Despite the increasing progress in our knowledge about the etiopathology of AAA, an effective pharmacological treatment against this disorder remains elusive and surgical repair is still the unique available therapeutic approach for high-risk patients. Meanwhile, there is no medical alternative for patients with small aneurysms but close surveillance. Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents, statins, doxycycline, or anti-platelet drugs, among others, failed to demonstrate a clear benefit limiting AAA growth, while data from ongoing clinical trials addressing the benefit of metformin on aneurysm progression are eagerly awaited. Recent preclinical studies have postulated new therapeutic targets and pharmacological strategies paving the way for the implementation of future clinical studies exploring these novel therapeutic strategies. This review summarises some of the most relevant clinical and preclinical studies in search of new therapeutic approaches for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Sirvent
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular del Hospital Universitari General de Granollers, Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Galán
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José Martínez-González
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Yamawaki-Ogata A, Mutsuga M, Narita Y. A review of current status of cell-based therapies for aortic aneurysms. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:40. [PMID: 37544997 PMCID: PMC10405412 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An aortic aneurysm (AA) is defined as focal aortic dilation that occurs mainly with older age and with chronic inflammation associated with atherosclerosis. The aneurysmal wall is a complex inflammatory environment characterized by endothelial dysfunction, macrophage activation, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis, and the production of proinflammatory molecules and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) secreted by infiltrated inflammatory cells such as macrophages, T and B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, mast cells, and natural killer cells. To date, a considerable number of studies have been conducted on stem cell research, and growing evidence indicates that inflammation and tissue repair can be controlled through the functions of stem/progenitor cells. This review summarizes current cell-based therapies for AA, involving mesenchymal stem cells, VSMCs, multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. These cells produce beneficial outcomes in AA treatment by modulating the inflammatory environment, including decreasing the activity of proinflammatory molecules and MMPs, increasing anti-inflammatory molecules, modulating VSMC phenotypes, and preserving elastin. This article also describes detailed studies on pathophysiological mechanisms and the current progress of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Yamawaki-Ogata
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masato Mutsuga
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuji Narita
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Li Y, Zheng X, Guo J, Samura M, Ge Y, Zhao S, Li G, Chen X, Shoji T, Ikezoe T, Miyata M, Xu B, Dalman RL. Treatment With Small Molecule Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End-Products Formation and Advanced Glycation End-Products-Mediated Collagen Cross-Linking Promotes Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Diabetic Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028081. [PMID: 37158066 PMCID: PMC10227285 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Although diabetes attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), the mechanisms by which diabetes suppresses AAAs remain incompletely understood. Accumulation of advanced glycation end- (AGEs) reduces extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in diabetes. Because ECM degradation is critical for AAA pathogenesis, we investigated whether AGEs mediate experimental AAA suppression in diabetes by blocking AGE formation or disrupting AGE-ECM cross-linking using small molecule inhibitors. Methods and Results Male C57BL/6J mice were treated with streptozotocin and intra-aortic elastase infusion to induce diabetes and experimental AAAs, respectively. Aminoguanidine (AGE formation inhibitor, 200 mg/kg), alagebrium (AGE-ECM cross-linking disrupter, 20 mg/kg), or vehicle was administered daily to mice from the last day following streptozotocin injection. AAAs were assessed via serial aortic diameter measurements, histopathology, and in vitro medial elastolysis assays. Treatment with aminoguanidine, not alagebrium, diminished AGEs in diabetic AAAs. Treatment with both inhibitors enhanced aortic enlargement in diabetic mice as compared with vehicle treatment. Neither enhanced AAA enlargement in nondiabetic mice. AAA enhancement in diabetic mice by aminoguanidine or alagebrium treatment promoted elastin degradation, smooth muscle cell depletion, mural macrophage accumulation, and neoangiogenesis without affecting matrix metalloproteinases, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, or serum glucose concentration. Additionally, treatment with both inhibitors reversed suppression of diabetic aortic medial elastolysis by porcine pancreatic elastase in vitro. Conclusions Inhibiting AGE formation or AGE-ECM cross-linking enhances experimental AAAs in diabetes. These findings support the hypothesis that AGEs attenuate experimental AAAs in diabetes. These findings underscore the potential translational value of enhanced ECM cross-linking as an inhibitory strategy for early AAA disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankui Li
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Department of Vascular SurgeryTianjin Medical University Second HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoya Zheng
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Department of EndocrinologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Makoto Samura
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Yingbin Ge
- Department of PhysiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Sihai Zhao
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Radiation OncologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Takahiro Shoji
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Toru Ikezoe
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Masaaki Miyata
- School of Health SciencesKagoshima University Faculty of MedicineKagoshimaJapan
| | - Baohui Xu
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Department of SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
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Zhang Y, Huang X, Sun T, Shi L, Liu B, Hong Y, Fu QL, Zhang Y, Li X. MicroRNA-19b-3p dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm impairs therapeutic efficacy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:135. [PMID: 37101174 PMCID: PMC10131394 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Although mesenchymal stem cell exosomes (MSC-EXO) have been confirmed to restrict the development of AAA, their biological activity depends largely on the physiological state of the MSCs. This study aimed to compare the effects of adipose-derived MSC-EXO from healthy donors (HMEXO) and AAA patients (AMEXO) on senescence of VSMCs in AAA and explore the underlying mechanisms. An ApoE-/- mouse model of AAA was used to investigate the therapeutic effects of HMEXO, AMEXO or miR-19b-3p-AMEXO on AAA development. This in vitro model of AAA was established by treating VSMCs with Ang II (Angiotensin II). The senescence of VSMCs was determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The morphology of mitochondria in VSMCs was examined by MitoTracker staining. HMEXO exhibited superior capacity compared with AMEXO to inhibit VSMC senescence and attenuate AAA formation in Ang II-treated ApoE-/- mice. In vitro, both AMEXO and HMEXO inhibited Ang II-induced VSMC senescence via downregulation of mitochondrial fission. Notably, compared with HMEXO, the ability of AMEXO to inhibit VSMC senescence was significantly decreased. miRNA sequencing and the expression of miR-19b-3p was significantly decreased in AMEXO compared with HMEXO. Luciferase assay suggested that MST4 (Mammalian sterile-20-like kinase 4) is a potential target of miR-19b-3p. Mechanistically, miR-19b-3p in HMEXO ameliorated VSMC senescence by inhibiting mitochondrial fission via regulation of the MST4/ERK/Drp1 signaling pathway. Overexpression of miR-19b-3p in AMEXO improved their beneficial effect on AAA formation. Our study reveals that MSC-exosomal miR-19b-3p exerts protective effects against Ang II-induced AAA and VSMC senescence via regulation of the MST4/ERK/Drp1 pathway. The pathological state of AAA patients alters the miRNA components of AMEXO and impairs their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoran Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tucheng Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linli Shi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojuan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimei Hong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xin Li
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ladd Z, Su G, Hartman J, Lu G, Hensley S, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Pharmacologic inhibition by spironolactone attenuates experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1101389. [PMID: 36776267 PMCID: PMC9908993 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) are characterized by vascular inflammation and remodeling that can lead to aortic rupture resulting in significant mortality. Pannexin-1 channels on endothelial cells (ECs) can modulate ATP secretion to regulate the pathogenesis of AAA formation. Our hypothesis focused on potential of spironolactone to inhibit EC-mediated ATP release for the mitigation of AAA formation. Methods A topical elastase AAA model was used initially in C57BL/6 (wild-type; WT) male mice. Mice were administered either a vehicle control (saline) or spironolactone and analyzed on day 14. In a second chronic AAA model, mice were subjected to elastase and β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) treatment with/without administration of spironolactone to pre-formed aneurysms starting on day 14 and analyzed on day 28. Aortic diameter was evaluated by video micrometry and aortic tissue was analyzed for cytokine expression and histology. ATP measurement and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2) activity was evaluated in aortic tissue on days 14 or -28. In vitro studies were performed to evaluate the crosstalk between aortic ECs with macrophages or smooth muscle cells. Results In the elastase AAA model, spironolactone treatment displayed a significant decrease in aortic diameter compared to elastase-treated controls on day 14. A significant increase in smooth muscle α-actin expression as well as decrease in elastic fiber disruption and immune cell (macrophages and neutrophils) infiltration was observed in mice treated with spironolactone compared to saline-treated controls. Spironolactone treatment also significantly mitigated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, MMP2 activity and ATP content in aortic tissue compared to controls. Moreover, in the chronic AAA model, spironolactone treatment of pre-formed aneurysms significantly attenuated vascular inflammation and remodeling to attenuate the progression of AAAs compared to controls. Mechanistically, in vitro data demonstrated that spironolactone treatment attenuates extracellular ATP release from endothelial cells to mitigate macrophage activation (IL-1β and HMGB1 expression) and smooth muscle cell-dependent vascular remodeling (MMP2 activity). Conclusion These results demonstrate that spironolactone can mitigate aortic inflammation and remodeling to attenuate AAA formation as well as decrease growth of pre-formed aneurysms via inhibition of EC-dependent ATP release. Therefore, this study implicates a therapeutic application of spironolactone in the treatment of AAAs.
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Identification of Novel Plasma Biomarkers for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Protein Array Analysis. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121853. [PMID: 36551281 PMCID: PMC9775419 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially life-threatening disease that is common in the aging population. Currently, there are no approved diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic drugs for AAA. We aimed to identify novel plasma biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets for AAA using a high-throughput protein array-based method. Proteomics expression profiles were investigated in plasma from AAA patients and healthy controls (HC) using 440-cytokine protein array analysis. Several promising biomarkers were further validated in independent cohorts using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Thirty-nine differentially expressed plasma proteins were identified between AAA and HC. Legumain (LGMN) was significantly higher in AAA patients and was validated in another large cohort. Additionally, "AAA without diabetes" (AAN) patients and "AAA complicated with type 2 diabetes mellitus" (AAM) patients had different cytokine expression patterns in their plasma, and nine plasma proteins were differentially expressed among the AAN, AAM, and HC subjects. Delta-like protein 1 (DLL1), receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-3 (ERBB3), and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPPIV) were significantly higher in AAM than in AAN. This study identified several promising plasma biomarkers of AAA. Their role as therapeutic targets for AAA warrants further investigation.
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Filiberto AC, Ladd Z, Leroy V, Su G, Elder CT, Pruitt EY, Hensley SE, Lu G, Hartman JB, Zarrinpar A, Sharma AK, Upchurch GR. Resolution of inflammation via RvD1/FPR2 signaling mitigates Nox2 activation and ferroptosis of macrophages in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22579. [PMID: 36183323 PMCID: PMC11137679 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201114r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular remodeling. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is derived from ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and is involved in the resolution phase of chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to decipher the protective role of RvD1 via formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) receptor signaling in attenuating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The elastase-treatment model of AAA in C57BL/6 (WT) mice and human AAA tissue was used to confirm our hypotheses. Elastase-treated FPR2-/- mice had a significant increase in aortic diameter, proinflammatory cytokine production, immune cell infiltration (macrophages and neutrophils), elastic fiber disruption, and decrease in smooth muscle cell α-actin expression compared to elastase-treated WT mice. RvD1 treatment attenuated AAA formation, aortic inflammation, and vascular remodeling in WT mice, but not in FPR2-/- mice. Importantly, human AAA tissue demonstrated significantly decreased FPR2 mRNA expression compared to non-aneurysm human aortas. Mechanistically, RvD1/FPR2 signaling mitigated p47phox phosphorylation and prevented hallmarks of ferroptosis, such as lipid peroxidation and Nrf2 translocation, thereby attenuating HMGB1 secretion. Collectively, this study demonstrates RvD1-mediated immunomodulation of FPR2 signaling on macrophages to mitigate ferroptosis and HMGB1 release, leading to resolution of aortic inflammation and remodeling during AAA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Victoria Leroy
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Craig T Elder
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric Y Pruitt
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sara E Hensley
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph B Hartman
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Expression of TLR4 Is Upregulated in Patients with Sporadic Acute Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection. Cardiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:3806462. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3806462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a serious condition that requires urgent treatment to avoid catastrophic consequences. The purpose of the present study was to explore, firstly, whether TLR4-regulated immune signalling molecules were activated in TAAD patients and, secondly, whether TLR4-regulated inflammatory products interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and CC chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) could be a promising biomarker for diagnosis in patients with TAAD. Full-thickness ascending aortic wall specimens from TAAD patients (n = 12) and control donors (n = 12) were examined for the expression of TLR4 and its major signalling molecules, in terms of immunity and inflammation. Blood samples from TAAD (n = 49) and control patients (n = 53) were collected to detect the circulating plasma cytokine levels of IL-1β and CCL5. We demonstrated that expression levels of TLR4 and its downstream signalling cascade molecules were significantly elevated. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that elevated IL-1β levels and decreased plasma CCL5 may have diagnostic value for TAAD. In summary, this current study suggests a more generalized pattern of inflammation in TAAD. In addition, TLR4-mediated inflammatory product, such as IL-1β and CCL5, could be novel and promising biomarkers with important diagnostic and predictive value in the identification of sporadic TAAD diseases.
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11
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NADPH Oxidases in Aortic Aneurysms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091830. [PMID: 36139902 PMCID: PMC9495752 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a progressive dilation of the infrarenal aorta and are characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration, smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to play roles in inflammatory cell infiltration, and smooth muscle cell migration and apoptosis in AAAs. In this review, we discuss the principles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase/NOX) signaling and activation. We also discuss the effects of some of the major mediators of NOX signaling in AAAs. Separately, we also discuss the influence of genetic or pharmacologic inhibitors of NADPH oxidases on experimental pre-clinical AAAs. Experimental evidence suggests that NADPH oxidases may be a promising future therapeutic target for developing pharmacologic treatment strategies for halting AAA progression or rupture prevention in the management of clinical AAAs.
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12
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Development of pharmacotherapies for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113340. [PMID: 35780618 PMCID: PMC9514980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular field is still searching for a treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). This inflammatory disease often goes undiagnosed until a late stage and associated rupture has a high mortality rate. No pharmacological treatment options are available. Three hallmark factors of AAA pathology include inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. Here we discuss drugs for AAA treatment that have been studied in clinical trials by examining the drug targets and data present for each drug's ability to regulate the aforementioned three hallmark pathways in AAA progression. Historically, drugs that were examined in interventional clinical trials for treatment of AAA were repurposed therapeutics. Novel treatments (biologics, small-molecule compounds etc.) have not been able to reach the clinic, stalling out in pre-clinical studies. Here we discuss the backgrounds of previous investigational drugs in hopes of better informing future development of potential therapeutics. Overall, the highlighted themes discussed here stress the importance of both centralized anti-inflammatory drug targets and rigor of translatability. Exceedingly few murine studies have examined an intervention-based drug treatment in halting further growth of an established AAA despite interventional treatment being the therapeutic approach taken to treat AAA in a clinical setting. Additionally, data suggest that a potentially successful drug target may be a central inflammatory biomarker. Specifically, one that can effectively modulate all three hallmark factors of AAA formation, not just inflammation. It is suggested that inhibiting PGE2 formation with an mPGES-1 inhibitor is a leading drug target for AAA treatment to this end.
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13
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Filiberto AC, Spinosa MD, Elder CT, Su G, Leroy V, Ladd Z, Lu G, Mehaffey JH, Salmon MD, Hawkins RB, Ravichandran KS, Isakson BE, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Endothelial pannexin-1 channels modulate macrophage and smooth muscle cell activation in abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1521. [PMID: 35315432 PMCID: PMC8938517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels have been shown to regulate leukocyte trafficking and tissue inflammation but the mechanism of Panx1 in chronic vascular diseases like abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Panx1 on endothelial cells, but not smooth muscle cells, orchestrate a cascade of signaling events to mediate vascular inflammation and remodeling. Mechanistically, Panx1 on endothelial cells acts as a conduit for ATP release that stimulates macrophage activation via P2X7 receptors and mitochondrial DNA release to increase IL-1β and HMGB1 secretion. Secondly, Panx1 signaling regulates smooth muscle cell-dependent intracellular Ca2+ release and vascular remodeling via P2Y2 receptors. Panx1 blockade using probenecid markedly inhibits leukocyte transmigration, aortic inflammation and remodeling to mitigate AAA formation. Panx1 expression is upregulated in human AAAs and retrospective clinical data demonstrated reduced mortality in aortic aneurysm patients treated with Panx1 inhibitors. Collectively, these data identify Panx1 signaling as a contributory mechanism of AAA formation. Pannexin-1 ion channels on endothelial cells regulate vascular inflammation and remodeling to mediate aortic aneurysm formation. Pharmacological blockade of Pannexin-1 channels may offer translational therapeutic mitigation of aneurysmal pathology.
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14
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Li X, Wen H, Lv J, Luan B, Meng J, Gong S, Wen J, Xin S. Therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for abdominal aortic aneurysm: a meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:81. [PMID: 35209940 PMCID: PMC8867868 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02755-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is life-threatening, surgical treatment is currently the only clinically available intervention for the disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have presented eligible immunomodulatory and regenerative abilities which showed favorable therapeutic efficacy in various cardiovascular diseases. However, current evidence summarizing the effectiveness of MSCs for AAA is lacking. Thus, a meta-analysis and systematic review was necessary to be performed to assess the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs for AAA in preclinical studies. Methods Comprehensive literature search restricted in English was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to Oct 2021. The primary outcomes were parameters about aortic diameter change during MSCs intervention. The secondary outcomes included elastin content and expression level of inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs). Data were extracted and analyzed independently by two authors. The meta package with random effects model was used to calculate the pooled effect size and 95% confidence intervals in R (version 4.0.2). Results Meta-analysis of 18 included studies demonstrated that MSCs intervention has significant therapeutic effects on suppressing aortic diameter enlargement compared with the control group (diameter, SMD = − 1.19, 95% CI [− 1.47, − 0.91]; diameter change ratio, SMD = − 1.36, 95% CI [− 1.72, − 1.00]). Subgroup analysis revealed differences between MSCs and control group regarding to cell type, intervention route and cell compatibility. Moreover, the meta-analysis also showed that MSCs intervention had a significant effect on preserving aortic elastin content, reducing MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-6, MMP-2/9 and increasing TIMP-1/2 expression level compared with control group. Conclusion Our results suggested that MSC intervention is effective in AAA by suppressing aortic diameter enlargement, reducing elastin degradation, and modulating local immunoinflammatory reactions. These results are important for the systemic application of MSCs as a potential treatment candidate for AAA in further animal experiments and clinical trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02755-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junyuan Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Boyang Luan
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinze Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Inner Mongolia Baotou City Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155, Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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15
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Imaging Techniques for Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections in Mice: Comparisons of Ex Vivo, In Situ, and Ultrasound Approaches. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020339. [PMID: 35204838 PMCID: PMC8869425 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms and dissections are life-threatening conditions that have a high risk for lethal bleeding and organ malperfusion. Many studies have investigated the molecular basis of these diseases using mouse models. In mice, ex vivo, in situ, and ultrasound imaging are major approaches to evaluate aortic diameters, a common parameter to determine the severity of aortic aneurysms. However, accurate evaluations of aortic dimensions by these imaging approaches could be challenging due to pathological features of aortic aneurysms. Currently, there is no standardized mode to assess aortic dissections in mice. It is important to understand the characteristics of each approach for reliable evaluation of aortic dilatations. In this review, we summarize imaging techniques used for aortic visualization in recent mouse studies and discuss their pros and cons. We also provide suggestions to facilitate the visualization of mouse aortas.
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16
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Franck T, Ceusters J, Graide H, Mouithys-Mickalad A, Serteyn D. Muscle Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Inhibit the Activity of the Free and the Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET)-Bond Myeloperoxidase. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123486. [PMID: 34943996 PMCID: PMC8700239 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to migrate to tissue injury sites to participate in immune modulation, tissue remodelling and wound healing, reducing tissue damage. Upon neutrophil activation, there is a release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), an oxidant enzyme. But little is known about the direct role of MSCs on MPO activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from muscle microinvasive biopsy (mdMSC) on the oxidant response of neutrophils and particularly on the activity of the myeloperoxidase released by stimulated equine neutrophils. After specific treatment (trypsin and washings in phosphate buffer saline), the mdMSCs were exposed to isolated neutrophils. The effect of the suspended mdMSCs was studied on the ROS production and the release of total and active MPO by stimulated neutrophils and specifically on the activity of MPO in a neutrophil-free model. Additionally, we developed a model combining adherent mdMSCs with neutrophils to study total and active MPO from the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET). Our results show that mdMSCs inhibited the ROS production, the activity of MPO released by stimulated neutrophils and the activity of MPO bound to the NET. Moreover, the co-incubation of mdMSCs directly with MPO results in a strong inhibition of the peroxidase activity of MPO, probably by affecting the active site of the enzyme. We confirm the strong potential of mdMSCs to lower the oxidant response of neutrophils. The novelty of our study is an evident inhibition of the activity of MPO by MSCs. The results indicated a new potential therapeutic approach of mdMSCs in the inhibition of MPO, which is considered as a pro-oxidant actor in numerous chronic and acute inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Franck
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.C.); (H.G.); (A.M.-M.); (D.S.)
- Research Unit FARAH, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Justine Ceusters
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.C.); (H.G.); (A.M.-M.); (D.S.)
- Research Unit FARAH, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Hélène Graide
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.C.); (H.G.); (A.M.-M.); (D.S.)
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.C.); (H.G.); (A.M.-M.); (D.S.)
| | - Didier Serteyn
- Centre of Oxygen Research and Development (CORD), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (J.C.); (H.G.); (A.M.-M.); (D.S.)
- Research Unit FARAH, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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17
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Hawkins RB, Salmon M, Su G, Lu G, Leroy V, Bontha SV, Mas VR, Jr GRU, Ailawadi G, Sharma AK. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alter MicroRNA Expression and Attenuate Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Formation. J Surg Res 2021; 268:221-231. [PMID: 34371281 PMCID: PMC11044812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are a progressive disease characterized by inflammation, smooth muscle cell activation and matrix degradation. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can immunomodulate vascular inflammation and remodeling via altered microRNA (miRNAs) expression profile to attenuate TAA formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent topical elastase application to form descending TAAs. Mice were also treated with MSCs on days 1 and 5 and aortas were analyzed on day 14 for aortic diameter. Cytokine array was performed in aortic tissue and total RNA was tagged and hybridized for miRNAs microarray analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed for elastin degradation and leukocyte infiltration. RESULTS Treatment with MSCs significantly attenuated aortic diameter and TAA formation compared to untreated mice. MSC administration also attenuated T-cell, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and prevented elastic degradation to mitigate vascular remodeling. MSC treatment also attenuated aortic inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory cytokines (CXCL13, IL-27, CXCL12 and RANTES) and upregulating anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 expression in aortic tissue of elastase-treated mice. TAA formation demonstrated activation of specific miRNAs that are associated with aortic inflammation and vascular remodeling. Our results also demonstrated that MSCs modulate a different set of miRNAs that are associated with decrease leukocyte infiltration and vascular inflammation to attenuate the aortic diameter and TAA formation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that MSCs immunomodulate specific miRNAs that are associated with modulating hallmarks of aortic inflammation and vascular remodeling of aortic aneurysms. Targeted therapies designed using MSCs and miRNAs have the potential to regulate the growth and development of TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Morgan Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Victoria Leroy
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sai Vineela Bontha
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gorav Ailawadi
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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18
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Miao T, Wang T, Feng T, Yuan D, Guo Q, Xiong F, Yang Y, Liu L, He Z, Huang B, Zhao J. Activated invariant natural killer T cells infiltrate aortic tissue as key participants in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathology. Immunology 2021; 164:792-802. [PMID: 34379797 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity and innate immunity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and damage and remodelling in the tunica media are a focus of the aneurysm development. Thus, identification of key immune cells or molecules that might be targets for the treatment of AAA is critical. We characterized the innate immune cells in human AAA tissue specimens by flow cytometry and found that apart from other lymphocytes, many invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells marked as CD3 and Va24Ja18 had invaded the aortic tissues and were numerous, especially in the tunica media. These infiltrating iNKT cells have a high expression of CD69, indicating a highly active function. We were interested in whether iNKT cells could be the drivers of media damage in AAA. To answer this question, we used an AAA mouse model induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, which can reproduce the inflammatory response of AAA in mouse, which was confirmed by RNAseq. The results showed that the incidence of AAA was significantly higher after administration of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a synthetic glycolipid that activates iNKT cells via CD1d, compared with the Ang II-induced AAA alone (61·54% vs 31·82%) in mice. Histopathological and immunofluorescent staining results showed significantly more severe inflammatory infiltration and pathological lesions in the Ang II+α-GalCer treatment group. These results are highly suggestive that activated iNKT cells greatly contribute to AAA development and that the control of the activation state in iNKT cells may represent an important therapeutic strategy for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Miao
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiehao Wang
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Laboratory of infection and immunity, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding Yuan
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhangyu He
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jichun Zhao
- Vascular Surgery of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Primary Adipose Stromal Cells Induce Elastin and Collagen Deposition by Smooth Muscle Cells within 3D Fibrin Gel Culture. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8050051. [PMID: 33925413 PMCID: PMC8145221 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8050051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular components of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly elastic fibers and collagen fibers, are critical for the proper physiological function of arteries. When the unique biomechanical combination of these fibers is disrupted, or in the ultimate extreme where fibers are completely lost, arterial disease can emerge. Bioengineers in the realms of vascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine must therefore ideally consider how to create tissue engineered vascular grafts containing the right balance of these fibers and how to develop regenerative treatments for situations such as an aneurysm where fibers have been lost. Previous work has demonstrated that the primary cells responsible for vascular ECM production during development, arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), can be induced to make new elastic fibers when exposed to secreted factors from adipose-derived stromal cells. To further dissect how this signal is transmitted, in this study, the factors were partitioned into extracellular vesicle (EV)-rich and EV-depleted fractions as well as unseparated controls. EVs were validated using electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and protein quantification before testing for biological effects on SMCs. In 2D culture, EVs promoted SMC proliferation and migration. After 30 days of 3D fibrin construct culture, EVs promoted SMC transcription of the elastic microfibril gene FBN1 as well as SMC deposition of insoluble elastin and collagen. Uniaxial biomechanical properties of strand fibrin constructs were no different after 30 days of EV treatment versus controls. In summary, it is apparent that some of the positive effects of adipose-derived stromal cells on SMC elastogenesis are mediated by EVs, indicating a potential use for these EVs in a regenerative therapy to restore the biomechanical function of vascular ECM in arterial disease.
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20
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Ye T, Zhang G, Liu H, Shi J, Qiu H, Liu Y, Han F, Hou N. Relationships Between Perivascular Adipose Tissue and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:704845. [PMID: 34194399 PMCID: PMC8236981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.704845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are typically asymptomatic, and there is a high mortality rate associated with aneurysm rupture. AAA pathogenesis involves extracellular matrix degradation, vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching, inflammation, and oxidative stress. There is increasing evidence of excessive adipocyte accumulation in ruptured AAA walls. These excessive numbers of adipocytes in the vascular wall have been closely linked with AAA progression. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a unique type of adipose tissue, can be involved in adipocyte accumulation in the AAA wall. PVAT produces various chemokines and adipocytokines around vessels to maintain vascular homeostasis through paracrine and autocrine mechanisms in normal physiological conditions. Nevertheless, PVAT loses its normal function and promotes the progression of vascular diseases in pathological conditions. There is evidence of significantly reduced AAA diameter in vessel walls of removed PVAT. There is a need to highlight the critical roles of cytokines, cells, and microRNA derived from PVAT in the regulation of AAA development. PVAT may constitute an important therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of AAAs. In this review, we discuss the relationship between PVAT and AAA development; we also highlight the potential for PVAT-derived factors to serve as a therapeutic target in the treatment of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guangdong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hangyu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weifang Eye Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongyan Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ningning Hou, ; Fang Han,
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Ningning Hou, ; Fang Han,
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Wen H, Wang M, Gong S, Li X, Meng J, Wen J, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xin S. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuate Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression in Sprague-Dawley Rats: Implication of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Modulation. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:981-993. [PMID: 32486904 PMCID: PMC7410303 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is life-threatening, for which efficient nonsurgical treatment strategy has not been available so far. Several previous studies investigating the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in AAA indicated that MSCs could inhibit aneurysmal inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix destruction, and suppress aneurysm occurrence and expansion. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic plasticity is reported to be predisposed in AAA initiation and progression. However, little is known about the effect of MSCs on VSMC phenotypic modulation in AAA. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) in elastase-induced AAA model and evaluate the effect of UC-MSC on VSMC phenotypic regulation. We demonstrate that the intravenous injection of UC-MSC attenuates elastase-induced aneurysmal expansion, reduces elastin degradation and fragmentation, inhibits MMPs and TNF-α expression, and preserves and/or restores VSMC contractile phenotype in AAA. Taken together, these results highlight the therapeutic and VSMC phenotypic modulation effects of UC-MSC in AAA progression, which further indicates the potential of applying UC-MSC as an alternative treatment candidate for AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingjing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinze Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Inner Mongolia Baotou City Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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22
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Shannon AH, Elder CT, Lu G, Su G, Mast A, Salmon MD, Montgomery WG, Spinosa MD, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Pharmacologic inhibition of transient receptor channel vanilloid 4 attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. FASEB J 2020; 34:9787-9801. [PMID: 32506673 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000251r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation is characterized by inflammation, leukocyte infiltration, and vascular remodeling. This study investigates the role of TRPV4 channels, which are transmembrane calcium channels that can regulate vascular tone, in modulating AAA formation. The elastase-treatment model of AAA in C57BL6 (WT) mice and Angiotensin II treatment model in ApoE-/- mice were used to confirm our hypotheses. The administration of a specific TRPV4 antagonist, GSK2193874, in elastase-treated WT mice and in AngII-treated ApoE-/- mice caused a significant attenuation of aortic diameter, decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17, MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-2, RANTES, and TNF-α), inflammatory cell infiltration (CD3 + T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils), elastic fiber disruption, and an increase in smooth muscle cell α-actin expression compared to untreated mice. Similarly, elastase-treated TRPV4-/- mice had a significant decrease in AAA formation, aortic inflammation, and vascular remodeling compared to elastase-treated WT mice on Day 14. In vitro studies demonstrated that the inhibition of TRPV4 channels mitigates aortic smooth muscle cell-dependent inflammatory cytokine production as well as decreases neutrophil transmigration through aortic endothelial cells. Therefore, our results suggest that TRPV4 antagonism can attenuate aortic inflammation and remodeling via decreased smooth muscle cell activation and neutrophil transendothelial migration during AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig T Elder
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexis Mast
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Morgan D Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Michael D Spinosa
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Shannon AH, Chordia MD, Spinosa MD, Su G, Ladd Z, Pan D, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging Using Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 Ligand Can Diagnose Aortic Aneurysms in a Mouse Model. J Surg Res 2020; 251:239-247. [PMID: 32172010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies showed that neutrophil infiltration and activation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). However, there is a lack of noninvasive, inflammatory cell-specific molecular imaging methods to provide early diagnosis of AAA formation. Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is rapidly upregulated on neutrophils during inflammation. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the use of cinnamoyl-F-(D)L-F-(D)L-F-K (cFLFLF), a PEGylated peptide ligand that binds FPR1 on activated neutrophils, would permit accurate and noninvasive diagnosis of AAA via single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice were treated with topical elastase (0.4 U/mL type 1 porcine pancreatic elastase) or heat-inactivated elastase (control), and aortic diameter was measured by video micrometry. Comparative histology was performed on Day 14 to assess neutrophil infiltration in aortic tissue. We performed near-infrared fluorescence imaging using c-FLFLF-Cy7 probe on Days 7 and 14 postelastase treatment and measured fluorescence intensity ex vivo in excised aortic tissue. A separate group of animals were injected with 99mTc-c-FLFLF 2 h before SPECT imaging on Day 14 using a SPECT/computed tomography/positron emission tomography trimodal scanner. Coexpression of neutrophils with c-FLFLF was also performed on aortic tissue by immunostaining on Day 14. RESULTS Aortic diameter was significantly increased in the elastase group compared with controls on Days 7 and 14. Simultaneously, a marked increase in neutrophil infiltration and elastin degradation as well as decrease in smooth muscle integrity were observed in aortic tissue after elastase treatment compared with controls. Moreover, a significant increase in fluorescence intensity of c-FLFLF-Cy7 imaging probe was also observed in elastase-treated mice on Day 7 (approximately twofold increase) and Day 14 (approximately 2.5-fold increase) compared with respective controls. SPECT imaging demonstrated a multifold increase in signal intensity for 99mTc-cFLFLF radiolabel probe in mice with AAA compared with controls on Day 14. Immunostaining of aortic tissue with c-FLFLF-Cy5 demonstrated a marked increase in coexpression with neutrophils in AAA compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS cFLFLF, a novel FPR1 ligand, enables quantifiable, noninvasive diagnosis and progression of AAAs. Clinical application of this inflammatory, cell-specific molecular probe using SPECT imaging may permit early diagnosis of AAA formation, enabling targeted therapeutic interventions and preventing impending aortic rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Michael D Spinosa
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zachary Ladd
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dongfeng Pan
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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24
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Liu B, Granville DJ, Golledge J, Kassiri Z. Pathogenic mechanisms and the potential of drug therapies for aortic aneurysm. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H652-H670. [PMID: 32083977 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00621.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a permanent focal dilation of the aorta. It is usually an asymptomatic disease but can lead to sudden death due to aortic rupture. Aortic aneurysm-related mortalities are estimated at ∼200,000 deaths per year worldwide. Because no pharmacological treatment has been found to be effective so far, surgical repair remains the only treatment for aortic aneurysm. Aortic aneurysm results from changes in the aortic wall structure due to loss of smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix and can form in different regions of the aorta. Research over the past decade has identified novel contributors to aneurysm formation and progression. The present review provides an overview of cellular and noncellular factors as well as enzymes that process extracellular matrix and regulate cellular functions (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, granzymes, and cathepsins) in the context of aneurysm pathogenesis. An update of clinical trials focusing on therapeutic strategies to slow abdominal aortic aneurysm growth and efforts underway to develop effective pharmacological treatments is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Department of Surgery, Madison Wisconsin
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries Centre and University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- The Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville Hospital and Health Services, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- University of Alberta, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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25
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Zhou YZ, Cheng Z, Wu Y, Wu QY, Liao XB, Zhao Y, Li JM, Zhou XM, Fu XM. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived conditioned medium attenuate angiotensin II-induced aortic aneurysm growth by modulating macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:8233-8245. [PMID: 31583844 PMCID: PMC6850971 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit therapeutic benefits on aortic aneurysm (AA); however, the molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of murine bone marrow MSC (BM‐MSCs)–derived conditioned medium (MSCs‐CM) on angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced AA in apolipoprotein E‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice. Murine BM‐MSCs, MSCs‐CM or control medium were intravenously administrated into AngII‐induced AA in apoE−/− mice. Mice were sacrificed at 2 weeks after injection. BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM significantly attenuated matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 expression, aortic elastin degradation and AA growth at the site of AA. These treatments with BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM also decreased Ly6chigh monocytes in peripheral blood on day 7 and M1 macrophage infiltration in AA tissues on day 14, whereas they increased M2 macrophages. In addition, BM‐MSCs and MSCs‐CM reduced MCP‐1, IL‐1Ra and IL‐6 expression and increased IL‐10 expression in AA tissues. In vitro, peritoneal macrophages were co‐cultured with BM‐MSCs or fibroblasts as control in a transwell system. The mRNA and protein expression of M2 macrophage markers were evaluated. IL‐6 and IL‐1β were reduced, while IL‐10 was increased in the BM‐MSC systems. The mRNA and protein expression of M2 markers were up‐regulated in the BM‐MSC systems. Furthermore, high concentration of IGF1, VEGF and TGF‐β1 was detected in MSCs‐CM. Our results suggest that MSCs‐CM could prevent AA growth potentially through regulating macrophage polarization. These results may provide a new insight into the mechanisms of BM‐MSCs in the therapy of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Zhao Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Ying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Min Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian-Ming Fu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiang-ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Lu HS, Schmidt AM, Hegele RA, Mackman N, Rader DJ, Weber C, Daugherty A. Reporting Sex and Sex Differences in Preclinical Studies. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:e171-e184. [PMID: 30354222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong S Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY (A.M.S.)
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Nigel Mackman
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (N.M.)
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Medicine (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Department of Genetics (D.J.R.), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Christian Weber
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany (C.W.).,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany (C.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington (H.S.L., A.D.)
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27
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Torres-Fonseca M, Galan M, Martinez-Lopez D, Cañes L, Roldan-Montero R, Alonso J, Reyero-Postigo T, Orriols M, Mendez-Barbero N, Sirvent M, Blanco-Colio LM, Martínez J, Martin-Ventura JL, Rodríguez C. Pathophisiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm: biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 31:166-177. [PMID: 30528271 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular pathology with a high rate of morbidity and mortality and a prevalence that, in men over 65 years, can reach around 8%. In this disease, usually asymptomatic, there is a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall that can lead to its rupture, a fatal phenomenon in more than 80% of cases. The treatment of patients with asymptomatic aneurysms is limited to periodic monitoring with imaging tests, control of cardiovascular risk factors and treatment with statins and antiplatelet therapy. There is no effective pharmacological treatment capable of limiting AAA progression or avoiding their rupture. At present, the aortic diameter is the only marker of risk of rupture and determines the need for surgical repair when it reaches values greater than 5.5cm. This review addresses the main aspects related to epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis and clinical management of AAA, exposes the difficulties to have good biomarkers of this pathology and describes the strategies for the identification of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Torres-Fonseca
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - María Galan
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Diego Martinez-Lopez
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Laia Cañes
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Raquel Roldan-Montero
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Judit Alonso
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Teresa Reyero-Postigo
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Mar Orriols
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Nerea Mendez-Barbero
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Marc Sirvent
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, España
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - José Martínez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Jose Luis Martin-Ventura
- Vascular Research Lab, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, España.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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28
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29
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Spinosa M, Lu G, Su G, Bontha SV, Gehrau R, Salmon MD, Smith JR, Weiss ML, Mas VR, Upchurch GR, Sharma AK. Human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate aortic aneurysm formation and macrophage activation via microRNA-147. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201701138RR. [PMID: 29812968 PMCID: PMC6181641 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701138rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The formation of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is characterized by inflammation, macrophage infiltration, and vascular remodeling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) immunomodulate aortic inflammation, to mitigate AAA formation via modulation of microRNA-147. An elastase-treatment model of AAA was used in male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice. Administration of EVs in elastase-treated WT mice caused a significant attenuation of aortic diameter and mitigated proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell infiltration, an increase in smooth muscle cell α-actin expression, and a decrease in elastic fiber disruption, compared with untreated mice. A 10-fold up-regulation of microRNA (miR)-147, a key mediator of macrophage inflammatory responses, was observed in murine aortic tissue in elastase-treated mice compared with controls on d 14. EVs derived from MSCs transfected with miR-147 mimic, but not with miR-147 inhibitor, attenuated aortic diameter, inflammation, and leukocyte infiltration in elastase-treated mice. In vitro studies of human aortic tissue explants and murine-derived CD11b+ macrophages induced proinflammatory cytokines after elastase treatment, and the expression was attenuated by cocultures with EVs transfected with miR-147 mimic, but not with miR-147 inhibitor. Thus, our findings define a critical role of MSC-derived EVs in attenuation of aortic inflammation and macrophage activation via miR-147 during AAA formation.-Spinosa, M., Lu, G., Su, G., Bontha, S. V., Gehrau, R., Salmon, M. D., Smith, J. R., Weiss, M. L., Mas, V. R., Upchurch, G. R., Sharma, A. K. Human mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate aortic aneurysm formation and macrophage activation via microRNA-147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Spinosa
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Guanyi Lu
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gang Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sai Vineela Bontha
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ricardo Gehrau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Morgan D. Salmon
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Joseph R. Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Mark L. Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Valeria R. Mas
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gilbert R. Upchurch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashish K. Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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30
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Della Corte A, Di Mauro M, Forte A. Musing on cell therapy for aortic aneurysms. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 155:2314-2315. [PMID: 29555089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Cardiothoracic Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Di Mauro
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Amalia Forte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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31
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Stone ML, Zhao Y, Robert Smith J, Weiss ML, Kron IL, Laubach VE, Sharma AK. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and enhance reconditioning of donor lungs after circulatory death. Respir Res 2017; 18:212. [PMID: 29268735 PMCID: PMC5740880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury after transplantation as well as acute shortage of suitable donor lungs are two critical issues impacting lung transplant patients. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) to attenuate lung IR injury and improve of ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP)-mediated rehabilitation in donation after circulatory death (DCD) lungs. Methods C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice underwent sham surgery or lung IR using an in vivo hilar-ligation model with or without MSCs or EVs. In vitro studies used primary iNKT cells and macrophages (MH-S cells) were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation with/without co-cultures with MSCs or EVs. Also, separate groups of WT mice underwent euthanasia and 1 h of warm ischemia and stored at 4 °C for 1 h followed by 1 h of normothermic EVLP using Steen solution or Steen solution containing MSCs or EVs. Results Lungs from MSCs or EV-treated mice had significant attenuation of lung dysfunction and injury (decreased edema, neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase levels) compared to IR alone. A significant decrease in proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, TNF-α, CXCL1 and HMGB1) and upregulation of keratinocyte growth factor, prostaglandin E2 and IL-10 occurred in the BAL fluid from MSC or EV-treated mice after IR compared to IR alone. Furthermore, MSCs or EVs significantly downregulated iNKT cell-produced IL-17 and macrophage-produced HMGB1 and TNF-α after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Finally, EVLP of DCD lungs with Steen solution including MSCs or EVs provided significantly enhanced protection versus Steen solution alone. Co-cultures of MSCs or EVs with lung endothelial cells prevents neutrophil transendothelial migration after exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation and TNF-α/HMGB1 cytomix. Conclusions These results suggest that MSC-derived EVs can attenuate lung inflammation and injury after IR as well as enhance EVLP-mediated reconditioning of donor lungs. The therapeutic benefits of EVs are in part mediated through anti-inflammatory promoting mechanisms via attenuation of immune cell activation as well as prevention of endothelial barrier integrity to prevent lung edema. Therefore, MSC-derived EVs offer a potential therapeutic strategy to treat post-transplant IR injury as well as rehabilitation of DCD lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Yunge Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - J Robert Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 801359, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Galley
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- From the Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (J.C.G., A.C.S.) and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (J.C.G., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.
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Yang J, Zou S, Liao M, Qu L. Transcriptome sequencing revealed candidate genes relevant to mesenchymal stem cells' role in aortic dissection patients. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:273-283. [PMID: 29115411 PMCID: PMC5780137 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) results from the imbalance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrices in aortic wall, which is characterized by chronic inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for anti-inflammatory and repairing effects and have therefore been studied for treatment for numerous diseases, including AD. However, it is unclear which genes or signaling pathways contribute to MSCs' role in AD. In the present study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted between MSCs from patients with AS (AD-MSCs) and those from age-matched healthy donors (HD-MSCs). RNA-seq revealed 201 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under the filter of fold change>2 and P-value <0.05, in which 93 genes were upregulated and 108 downregulated. We selectively verified 9 out of 201 DEGs via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) with an enlarged sample size. The trends of RT-qPCR results were consistent with RNA-seq data. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 9-gene expression profiles enables the division of clinical samples into AD and HD groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis displayed a significant change in adhesion-related signaling pathways in AD-MSCs compared with HD-MSCs, whereas gene ontology analysis demonstrated DEGs were enriched in functions associated with development and morphogenesis, from a functional perspective. The present results indicate that gene expression profiles of AD-MSCs were significantly changed compared with HD-MSCs. These changes are probably associated with MSCs' adhesion capacity and development. These results may provide important insights into the role of MSCs in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Sili Zou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Mingfang Liao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lefeng Qu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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Tanaka LY, Laurindo FRM. Vascular remodeling: A redox-modulated mechanism of vessel caliber regulation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:11-21. [PMID: 28109889 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular remodeling, i.e. whole-vessel structural reshaping, determines lumen caliber in (patho)physiology. Here we review mechanisms underlying vessel remodeling, with emphasis in redox regulation. First, we discuss confusing terminology and focus on strictu sensu remodeling. Second, we propose a mechanobiological remodeling paradigm based on the concept of tensional homeostasis as a setpoint regulator. We first focus on shear-mediated models as prototypes of remodeling closely dominated by highly redox-sensitive endothelial function. More detailed discussions focus on mechanosensors, integrins, extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton and inflammatory pathways as potential of mechanisms potentially coupling tensional homeostasis to redox regulation. Further discussion of remodeling associated with atherosclerosis and injury repair highlights important aspects of redox vascular responses. While neointima formation has not shown consistent responsiveness to antioxidants, vessel remodeling has been more clearly responsive, indicating that despite the multilevel redox signaling pathways, there is a coordinated response of the whole vessel. Among mechanisms that may orchestrate redox pathways, we discuss roles of superoxide dismutase activity and extracellular protein disulfide isomerase. We then discuss redox modulation of aneurysms, a special case of expansive remodeling. We propose that the redox modulation of vascular remodeling may reflect (1) remodeling pathophysiology is dominated by a particularly redox-sensitive cell type, e.g., endothelial cells (2) redox pathways are temporospatially coordinated at an organ level across distinct cellular and acellular structures or (3) the tensional homeostasis setpoint is closely connected to redox signaling. The mechanobiological/redox model discussed here can be a basis for improved understanding of remodeling and helps clarifying mechanisms underlying prevalent hard-to-treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco R M Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo School of Medicine, Av. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 44, Annex II, 9th Floor, São Paulo CEP 05403-000, Brazil.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aorta, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/epidemiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/physiopathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/epidemiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Risk Factors
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Remodeling
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Department of Physiology, Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Smith JR, Cromer A, Weiss ML. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Isolation, Expansion, Cryopreservation, and Characterization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 41:1F.18.1-1F.18.23. [PMID: 28510332 DOI: 10.1002/cpsc.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Revised methods to derive, expand, and characterize mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from the umbilical cord are provided. Several considerations are taken for GMP compliance including using a closed system isolation method and eliminating several xenogenic components. With this method cells are isolated using mechanical and enzymatic digestion and then expanded with high viabilities that retain >90% viability after cryopreservation. Lastly, characterization methods have been optimized to identify these cells as MSCs according to the ISCT minimal criteria. This method standardizes the process for isolating, expanding, cryopreserving, and characterizing MSCs from the umbilical cord. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Adrienne Cromer
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Mark L Weiss
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Nowak WN, Deng J, Ruan XZ, Xu Q. Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:e41-e52. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Witold N. Nowak
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Jiacheng Deng
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Xiong Z. Ruan
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
| | - Qingbo Xu
- From the Cardiovascular Division, King’s BHF Centre, King’s College London, United Kingdom (W.N.N., J.D., Q.X.); Centre for Nephrology and Urology, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, China (X.Z.R.); and Centre for Nephrology, University College London, United Kingdom (X.Z.R.)
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity, and high mortality in the event of aortic rupture. Major advances in open surgical and endovascular repair of AAA have been achieved during the past 2 decades. However, drug-based therapies are still lacking, highlighting a real need for better understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in AAA formation and progression. The main pathological features of AAA include extracellular matrix remodelling associated with degeneration and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and accumulation and activation of inflammatory cells. The inflammatory process has a crucial role in AAA and substantially influences many determinants of aortic wall remodelling. In this Review, we focus specifically on the involvement of monocytes and macrophages, summarizing current knowledge on the roles, origin, and functions of these cells in AAA development and its complications. Furthermore, we show and propose that distinct monocyte and macrophage subsets have critical and differential roles in initiation, progression, and healing of the aneurysmal process. On the basis of experimental and clinical studies, we review potential translational applications to detect, assess, and image macrophage subsets in AAA, and discuss the relevance of these applications for clinical practice.
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Shen YH, LeMaire SA. Molecular pathogenesis of genetic and sporadic aortic aneurysms and dissections. Curr Probl Surg 2017; 54:95-155. [PMID: 28521856 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpsurg.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying H Shen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
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