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Muñoz-Barrera L, Perez-Sanchez C, Ortega-Castro R, Corrales S, Luque-Tevar M, Cerdó T, Sanchez-Pareja I, Font P, Lopez-Mejías R, Calvo J, Abalos-Aguilera MC, Ruiz-Vilchez D, Segui P, Merlo C, Perez-Venegas J, Ruiz Montesino MD, Rodriguez-Escalera C, Barco CR, Fernandez-Nebro A, Vazque NM, Marenco JL, Montañes JU, Godoy-Navarrete J, Cabezas-Lucena AM, Estevez EC, Aguirre MA, González-Gay MA, Barbarroja N, Escudero-Contreras A, Lopez-Pedrera C. Personalized cardiovascular risk assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients using circulating molecular profiles and their modulation by TNFi, IL6Ri, and JAKinibs. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116357. [PMID: 38479179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES This study aimed to: 1) analyze the inflammatory profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients, identifying clinical phenotypes associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk; 2) evaluate biologic and targeted-synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b-DMARDs and ts-DMARDs': TNFi, IL6Ri, JAKinibs) effects; and 3) characterize molecular mechanisms in immune-cell activation and endothelial dysfunction. PATIENTS & METHODS A total of 387 RA patients and 45 healthy donors were recruited, forming three cohorts: i) 208 RA patients with established disease but without previous CV events; ii) RA-CVD: 96 RA patients with CV events, and iii) 83 RA patients treated with b-DMARDs/ts-DMARDs for 6 months. Serum inflammatory profiles (cytokines/chemokines/growth factors) and NETosis/oxidative stress-linked biomolecules were evaluated. Mechanistic in vitro studies were performed on monocytes, neutrophils and endothelial cells (EC). RESULTS In the first RA-cohort, unsupervised clustering unveiled three distinct groups: cluster 3 (C3) displayed the highest inflammatory profile, significant CV-risk score, and greater atheroma plaques prevalence. In contrast, cluster 1 (C1) exhibited the lowest inflammatory profile and CV risk score, while cluster 2 (C2) displayed an intermediate phenotype. Notably, 2nd cohort RA-CVD patients mirrored C3's inflammation. Treatment with b-DMARDs or ts-DMARDs effectively reduced disease-activity scores (DAS28) and restored normal biomolecules levels, controlling CV risk. In vitro, serum from C3-RA or RA-CVD patients increased neutrophils activity and CV-related protein levels in cultured monocytes and EC, which were partially prevented by pre-incubation with TNFi, IL6Ri, and JAKinibs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, analyzing circulating molecular profiles in RA patients holds potential for personalized clinical management, addressing CV risk and assisting healthcare professionals in tailoring treatment, ultimately improving outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Muñoz-Barrera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Perez-Sanchez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafaela Ortega-Castro
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sagrario Corrales
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Maria Luque-Tevar
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Tomás Cerdó
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ismael Sanchez-Pareja
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Font
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raquel Lopez-Mejías
- Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Jerusalem Calvo
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Carmen Abalos-Aguilera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Desiree Ruiz-Vilchez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Pedro Segui
- Radiology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba/University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Christian Merlo
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eduardo Collantes Estevez
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ma Angeles Aguirre
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Barbarroja
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Escudero-Contreras
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain
| | - Chary Lopez-Pedrera
- Rheumatology service/Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/ Reina Sofia University Hospital/ University of Cordoba, Spain.
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Wang L, Ding X, Qiu X. Mechanism of breast cancer immune microenvironment in prognosis of heart failure. Comput Biol Med 2023; 164:107339. [PMID: 37586207 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer can potentially impose a burden on the heart, leading to an increased risk of heart failure. Studies have shown that more than half of breast cancer patients die from non-tumor-related causes, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the leading cause of death. However, the underlying mechanism linking breast cancer prognosis and heart failure remains unclear. To investigate this, we conducted an analysis where we compared the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in early and advanced breast cancer with genes associated with heart failure. This analysis revealed 18 genes that overlapped between the two conditions, with 15 of them being related to immune function. This suggests that immune pathways may play a role in the prognosis of breast cancer patients with heart failure. Using gene expression data from 1260 breast cancer patients, we further examined the impact of these 15 genes on survival time. Additionally, through enrichment analysis, we explored the functions and pathways associated with these genes in relation to breast cancer and heart failure. By constructing a transformer model, we discovered that the expression patterns of these 15 genes can accurately predict the occurrence of heart failure. The model achieved an AUC of 0.86 and an AUPR of 0.91. Moreover, through analysis of single-cell sequencing data from breast cancer patients undergoing PD-1 treatment and experiencing heart failure, we identified a significant number of cell-type-specific genes that were shared between both diseases. This suggests that changes in gene expression in immune cells following breast cancer treatment may be associated with the development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xiaolei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Xun Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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3
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Hollan I. Lessons from Cardiac and Vascular Biopsies from Patients with and without Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:129-150. [PMID: 36424021 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Feiring Heart Biopsy Study enables searching for potential pathogenetic mechanisms, therapeutic targets, and biomarkers through the assessment of clinical data and multiple blood and tissue samples from patients with and without inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. Some of our findings, for example, more inflammation (including the presence of immune cells and expression of proinflammatory cytokines) in vessels and the heart, and the presence of certain bacteria and autoantigens in vessels, could contribute to the increased risk of ischemia, aneurysms, and/or cardiac dysfunction in IRDs. Furthermore, some of the detected factors could be involved in the pathomechanisms of these conditions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Hollan
- Department of Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
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4
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Chalise U, Becirovic-Agic M, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Konfrst SR, de Morais SDB, Johnson CS, Flynn ER, Hall ME, Anderson DR, Cook LM, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Lindsey ML. Harnessing the Plasma Proteome to Mirror Current and Predict Future Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:3-16. [PMID: 36197585 PMCID: PMC9944212 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To identify plasma proteins that mirror current and predict future remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), we retrospectively interrogated plasma proteomes of day (D)0 control (n = 16) and D3 MI (n = 15) from C57BL/6 J mice (20 ± 1 months). A total of 165 unique proteins were correlated with cardiac physiology variables. We prospectively tested the hypothesis that candidates identified retrospectively would predict cardiac physiology at an extended timepoint (D7 MI) in a second cohort of mice (n = 4 ± 1 months). We also examined human plasma from healthy controls (n = 18) and patients 48 h after presentation for MI (n = 41). Retrospectively, we identified 5 strong reflectors of remodeling (all r ≥ 0.60 and p < 0.05). Prospectively, ApoA1, IgA, IL-17E, and TIMP-1 mirrored current and predicted future remodeling. In humans, cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling was the top enriched KEGG pathway for all candidates. In summary, we identified plasma proteins that serve as useful prognostic indicators of adverse remodeling and progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sharon D B de Morais
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Catherine S Johnson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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Nian W, Huang Z, Fu C. Immune cells drive new immunomodulatory therapies for myocardial infarction: From basic to clinical translation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097295. [PMID: 36761726 PMCID: PMC9903069 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of heart failure secondary to myocardial infarction (MI) has been difficult to effectively address. MI causes strong aseptic inflammation, and infiltration of different immune cells and changes in the local inflammatory microenvironment play a key regulatory role in ventricular remodeling. Therefore, the possibility of improving the prognosis of MI through targeted immunity has been of interest and importance in MI. However, previously developed immune-targeted therapies have not achieved significant success in clinical trials. Here, we propose that the search for therapeutic targets from different immune cells may be more precise and lead to better clinical translation. Specifically, this review summarizes the role and potential therapeutic targets of various immune cells in ventricular remodeling after MI, especially monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, as a way to demonstrate the importance and potential of immunomodulatory therapies for MI. In addition, we analyze the reasons for the failure of previous immunomodulatory therapies and the issues that need to be addressed, as well as the prospects and targeting strategies of using immune cells to drive novel immunomodulatory therapies, hoping to advance the development of immunomodulatory therapies by providing evidence and new ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Nian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zijian Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital affiliated to Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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Transcriptomic profiling of calcified aortic valves in clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential carriers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20400. [PMID: 36437309 PMCID: PMC9701688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is characterized by the presence of clones of mutated blood cells without overt blood diseases. In the last few years, it has emerged that CHIP is associated with atherosclerosis and coronary calcification and that it is an independent determinant of cardiovascular mortality. Recently, CHIP has been found to occur frequently in patients with calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and it is associated with a poor prognosis after valve replacement. We assessed the frequency of CHIP by DNA sequencing in the blood cells of 168 CAVD patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation and investigated the effect of CHIP on 12 months survival. To investigate the pathological process of CAVD in CHIP carriers, we compared by RNA-Seq the aortic valve transcriptome of patients with or without CHIP and non-calcific controls. Transcriptomics data were validated by immunohistochemistry on formalin-embedded aortic valve samples. We confirm that CHIP is common in CAVD patients and that its presence is associated with higher mortality following valve replacement. Additionally, we show, for the first time, that CHIP is often accompanied by a broad cellular and humoral immune response in the explanted aortic valve. Our results suggest that an excessive inflammatory response in CHIP patients may be related to the onset and/or progression of CAVD and point to B cells as possible new effectors of CHIP-induced inflammation.
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Van Linthout S, Volk HD. Immuno-cardio-oncology: Killing two birds with one stone? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1018772. [PMID: 36466820 PMCID: PMC9714344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1018772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and a dysregulated immune system are common denominators of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Immuno-cardio-oncology addresses the interconnected immunological aspect in both cancer and CVD and the integration of immunotherapies and anti-inflammatory therapies in both distinct disease entities. Building on prominent examples of convergent inflammation (IL-1ß biology) and immune disbalance (CD20 cells) in cancer and CVD/heart failure, the review tackles both the roadblocks and opportunities of repurposed use of IL-1ß drugs and anti-CD20 antibodies in both fields, and discusses the use of advanced therapies e.g. chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, that can address the raising burden of both cancer and CVD. Finally, it is discussed how inspired by precision medicine in oncology, the use of biomarker-driven patient stratification is needed to better guide anti-inflammatory/immunomodulatory therapeutic interventions in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-University Medicine Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-University Medicine Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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8
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Duval V, Alayrac P, Mallat Z, Silvestre JS. [Deleterious role of spleen marginal zone B lymphocytes in ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:766-768. [PMID: 36219074 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Alayrac
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, Paris, France - Division of cardiovascular medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, Royaume-Uni
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9
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Sun Y, Pinto C, Camus S, Duval V, Alayrac P, Zlatanova I, Loyer X, Vilar J, Lemitre M, Levoye A, Nus M, Ait-Oufella H, Mallat Z, Silvestre JS. Splenic Marginal Zone B Lymphocytes Regulate Cardiac Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 79:632-647. [PMID: 35177192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mature B lymphocytes alter the recovery of cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Follicular B cells and marginal zone B (MZB) cells are spatially distinct mature B-cell populations in the spleen, and they exert specific functional properties. microRNA-21 (miR21)/hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α)-related pathways have been shown to govern B-cell functions. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to unravel the distinct role of MZB cells and that of endogenous activation of miR21/HIF-α signaling in MZB cells during post-ischemic injury. METHODS Acute MI was induced in mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiac function and remodeling were assessed by using echocardiography and immunohistochemistry. To determine the specific role of MZB cells, the study used mice with B-cell lineage-specific conditional deletion of Notch signaling, which leads to selection deficiency of MZB cells. To evaluate the role of the HIF-1α isoform, mice were generated with MZB-cell lineage-specific conditional deletion of Hif1a. RESULTS Acute MI prompted an miR21-dependent increase in HIF-1α, particularly in splenic MZB cells. MZB cell deficiency and MZB cell-specific deletion of miR21 or Hif1a improved cardiac function after acute MI. miR21/HIF-1α signaling in MZB cells was required for Toll-like receptor dependent expression of the monocyte chemoattractant protein CCL7, leading to increased mobilization of inflammatory monocytes to the ischemic myocardium and to adverse post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals a novel function for the miR21/HIF-1α pathway in splenic MZB cells with potential major implications for the modulation of cardiac function after acute MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyi Sun
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Paul Alayrac
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Xavier Loyer
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jose Vilar
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Angélique Levoye
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ziad Mallat
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has been achieved largely through LDL-cholesterol-lowering regimes and therapies targeting other traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the overall benefits of targeting these risk factors have stagnated, and a huge global burden of cardiovascular disease remains. The indispensable role of immunological components in the establishment and chronicity of atherosclerosis has come to the forefront as a clinical target, with proof-of-principle studies demonstrating the benefit and challenges of targeting inflammation and the immune system in cardiovascular disease. In this Review, we provide an overview of the role of the immune system in atherosclerosis by discussing findings from preclinical research and clinical trials. We also identify important challenges that need to be addressed to advance the field and for successful clinical translation, including patient selection, identification of responders and non-responders to immunotherapies, implementation of patient immunophenotyping and potential surrogate end points for vascular inflammation. Finally, we provide strategic guidance for the translation of novel targets of immunotherapy into improvements in patient outcomes. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of the immune cells involved in atherosclerosis, discuss preclinical research and published and ongoing clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of targeting the immune system in atherosclerosis, highlight emerging therapeutic targets from preclinical studies and identify challenges for successful clinical translation. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease; an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes drives chronic inflammation and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the vessel wall. Clinical trials assessing canakinumab and colchicine therapies in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease have provided proof-of-principle of the benefits associated with therapeutic targeting of the immune system in atherosclerosis. The immunosuppressive adverse effects associated with the systemic use of anti-inflammatory drugs can be minimized through targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to the atherosclerotic plaque, defining the window of opportunity for treatment and identifying more specific targets for cardiovascular inflammation. Implementing immunophenotyping in clinical trials in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease will allow the identification of immune signatures and the selection of patients with the highest probability of deriving benefit from a specific therapy. Clinical stratification via novel risk factors and discovery of new surrogate markers of vascular inflammation are crucial for identifying new immunotherapeutic targets and their successful translation into the clinic.
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Nettersheim FS, Picard FSR, Hoyer FF, Winkels H. Immunotherapeutic Strategies in Cancer and Atherosclerosis-Two Sides of the Same Coin. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:812702. [PMID: 35097027 PMCID: PMC8792753 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.812702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and clinical approval of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer therapy. Although the role of adaptive immunity in atherogenesis is now well-established and several immunomodulatory strategies have proven beneficial in preclinical studies, anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies available for clinical application are not available. Considering that adaptive immune responses are critically involved in both carcinogenesis and atherogenesis, immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer and atherosclerosis may exert undesirable but also desirable side effects on the other condition, respectively. For example, the high antineoplastic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enhance effector immune responses against tumor cells by blocking co-inhibitory molecules, was recently shown to be constrained by substantial proatherogenic properties. In this review, we outline the specific role of immune responses in the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we delineate how current cancer immunotherapies affect atherogenesis and discuss whether anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies may similarly have an impact on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Simon Ruben Picard
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedrich Felix Hoyer
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Xia N, Hasselwander S, Reifenberg G, Habermeier A, Closs EI, Mimmler M, Jung R, Karbach S, Lagrange J, Wenzel P, Daiber A, Münzel T, Hövelmeyer N, Waisman A, Li H. B Lymphocyte-Deficiency in Mice Causes Vascular Dysfunction by Inducing Neutrophilia. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111686. [PMID: 34829915 PMCID: PMC8615852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B lymphocytes have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and certain types of hypertension. In contrast to these studies, which were performed under pathological conditions, the present study provides evidence for the protective effect of B lymphocytes in maintaining vascular homeostasis under physiological conditions. In young mice not exposed to any known risk factors, the lack of B cells led to massive endothelial dysfunction. The vascular dysfunction in B cell-deficient mice was associated with an increased number of neutrophils in the circulating blood. Neutrophil depletion in B cell-deficient mice resulted in the complete normalization of vascular function, indicating a causal role of neutrophilia. Moreover, vascular function in B cell-deficient mice could be restored by adoptive transfer of naive B-1 cells isolated from wild-type mice. Interestingly, B-1 cell transfer also reduced the number of neutrophils in the recipient mice, further supporting the involvement of neutrophils in the vascular pathology caused by B cell-deficiency. In conclusion, we report in the present study the hitherto undescribed role of B lymphocytes in regulating vascular function. B cell dysregulation may represent a crucial mechanism in vascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Solveig Hasselwander
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Gisela Reifenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alice Habermeier
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Ellen I. Closs
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Maximilian Mimmler
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Jérémy Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.K.); (J.L.); (P.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (A.D.); (T.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (R.J.); (N.H.); (A.W.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (N.X.); (S.H.); (G.R.); (A.H.); (E.I.C.); (M.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(6131)-17-9348; Fax: +49-(6131)-17-9329
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13
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Barrow F, Khan S, Wang H, Revelo XS. The Emerging Role of B Cells in the Pathogenesis of NAFLD. Hepatology 2021; 74:2277-2286. [PMID: 33961302 PMCID: PMC8463421 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NAFLD is one of the leading causes of abnormal liver function worldwide. NAFLD refers to a group of liver conditions ranging from nonalcoholic fatty liver to NASH, which involves inflammation, hepatocellular damage, and fibrosis. Triggering of inflammation in NASH is a key event in the progression of the disease, and identifying the factors that initiate or dysregulate this process is needed to develop strategies for its prevention or treatment. B cells have been implicated in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH is less clear. This review discusses the emerging evidence implicating intrahepatic B cells in the progression of NAFLD. We highlight the potential mechanisms of B-cell activation during NAFLD, such as increased hepatic expression of B-cell-activating factor, augmented oxidative stress, and translocation of gut-derived microbial products. We discuss the possible effector functions by which B cells promote NAFLD, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines and regulation of intrahepatic T cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the role of regulatory and IgA+ B cells in the pathogenesis of NASH-associated HCC. In this review, we make the case that future research is needed to investigate the potential of B-cell-targeting strategies for the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanta Barrow
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Haiguang Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Department of Integrative Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN,Center for ImmunologyUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN
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14
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Porsch F, Mallat Z, Binder CJ. Humoral immunity in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction: from B cells to antibodies. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2544-2562. [PMID: 34450620 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune mechanisms are critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Associations of specific antibody levels and defined B cell subsets with cardiovascular disease activity in humans as well as mounting evidence from preclinical models demonstrate a role of B cells and humoral immunity in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. These include all aspects of B cell immunity, the generation of antigen-specific antibodies, antigen presentation and co-stimulation of T cells, as well as production of cytokines. Through their impact on adaptive and innate immune responses and the regulation of many other immune cells, B cells mediate both protective and detrimental effects in cardiovascular disease. Several antigens derived from (oxidised) lipoproteins, the vascular wall and classical autoantigens have been identified. The unique antibody responses they trigger and their relationship with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are reviewed. In particular, we focus on the different effector functions of specific IgM, IgG, and IgE antibodies and the cellular responses they trigger and highlight potential strategies to target B cell functions for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, Paris, France.,Unversité Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris France
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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15
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Poznyak AV, Bezsonov EE, Popkova TV, Starodubova AV, Orekhov AN. Immunity in Atherosclerosis: Focusing on T and B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168379. [PMID: 34445084 PMCID: PMC8395064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of the development of cardiovascular disease, which, in turn, is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. From the point of view of pathogenesis, atherosclerosis is an extremely complex disease. A huge variety of processes, such as violation of mitophagy, oxidative stress, damage to the endothelium, and others, are involved in atherogenesis; however, the main components of atherogenesis are considered to be inflammation and alterations of lipid metabolism. In this review, we want to focus on inflammation, and more specifically on the cellular elements of adaptive immunity, T and B cells. It is known that various T cells are widely represented directly in atherosclerotic plaques, while B cells can be found, for example, in the adventitia layer. Of course, such widespread and well-studied cells have attracted attention as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Various approaches have been developed and tested for their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Evgeny E. Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Popkova
- V.A. Nasonova Institute of Rheumatology, 34A Kashirskoye Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Antonina V. Starodubova
- Federal Research Centre for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky Passage, 109240 Moscow, Russia;
- Medical Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiiskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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16
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Deroissart J, Porsch F, Koller T, Binder CJ. Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapies in Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:359-404. [PMID: 34251531 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor in atherosclerosis development and lipid-lowering drugs (i.e., statins) remain the treatment of choice. Despite effective reduction of LDL cholesterol in patients, a residual cardiovascular risk persists in some individuals, highlighting the need for further therapeutic intervention. Recently, the CANTOS trial paved the way toward the development of specific therapies targeting inflammation, a key feature in atherosclerosis progression. The pre-existence of multiple drugs modulating both innate and adaptive immune responses has significantly accelerated the number of translational studies applying these drugs to atherosclerosis. Additional preclinical research has led to the discovery of new therapeutic targets, offering promising perspectives for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Currently, both drugs with selective targeting and broad unspecific anti-inflammatory effects have been tested. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview of current advances in immunomodulatory treatment approaches for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Deroissart
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florentina Porsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph J Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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17
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Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is an irreversible damage of the heart muscle, which often leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and progressive heart failure. After MI, immune cells play a vital role in the clearance of the dying tissue and cardiac remodeling. Post-MI events include the release of danger signals by necrotic cardiomyocytes and the migration of the inflammatory cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages, into the site of the cardiac injury to digest the cell debris and secrete a variety of inflammatory factors activating the inflammatory response. In this review, we focus on the role of immune cells in the cardiac remodeling after MI and the novel immunotherapies targeting immune cells.
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18
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Ferrari I, Vagnozzi RJ. Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 158:82-88. [PMID: 34051237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ferrari
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ronald J Vagnozzi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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19
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Zhu N, Huang B, Jiang W. Targets of Vitamin C With Therapeutic Potential for Cardiovascular Disease and Underlying Mechanisms: A Study of Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:591337. [PMID: 33603661 PMCID: PMC7884818 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a nutrient used to treat cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the pharmacological targets of vitamin C and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of vitamin C on CVD remain to be elucidated. In this study, we used network pharmacology approach to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of vitamin C for the treatment of CVD. The core targets, major hubs, enriched biological processes, and key signaling pathways were identified. A protein-protein interaction network and an interaction diagram of core target-related pathways were constructed. Three core targets were identified, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), and prothrombin. The GO and KEGG analyses identified top 20 enriched biological processes and signaling pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of vitamin C on CVD. The JAK-STAT, STAT, PD1, EGFR, FoxO, and chemokines signaling pathways may be highly involved in the protective effects of vitamin C against CVD. In conclusion, our bioinformatics analyses provided evidence on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of vitamin C in CVD treatment, which may contribute to the development of novel drugs for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingwu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenbing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, The Wenzhou Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
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20
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García-Rivas G, Castillo EC, Gonzalez-Gil AM, Maravillas-Montero JL, Brunck M, Torres-Quintanilla A, Elizondo-Montemayor L, Torre-Amione G. The role of B cells in heart failure and implications for future immunomodulatory treatment strategies. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1387-1399. [PMID: 32533765 PMCID: PMC7373901 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous demonstrations that the immune system is activated in heart failure, negatively affecting patients' outcomes, no definitive treatment strategy exists directed to modulate the immune system. In this review, we present the evidence that B cells contribute to the development of hypertrophy, inflammation, and maladaptive tissue remodelling. B cells produce antibodies that interfere with cardiomyocyte function, which culminates as the result of recruitment and activation of a variety of innate and structural cell populations, including neutrophils, macrophages, fibroblasts, and T cells. As B cells appear as active players in heart failure, we propose here novel immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies that target B cells and their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elena Cristina Castillo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Adrian M Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marion Brunck
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, FEMSA Biotechnology Center, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Torres-Quintanilla
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Cátedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Weill Cornell Medical College, Methodist DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation and the resultant metabolic dysfunction, which can lead to hypertension, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance and their downstream sequelae of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. While macrophages are the most abundant immune cell type in adipose tissue, other immune cells are also present, such as B cells, which play important roles in regulating adipose tissue inflammation. This brief review will overview B-cell subsets, describe their localization in various adipose depots and summarize our knowledge about the function of these B-cell subsets in regulating adipose tissue inflammation, obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Srikakulapu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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22
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Passos LSA, Lupieri A, Becker-Greene D, Aikawa E. Innate and adaptive immunity in cardiovascular calcification. Atherosclerosis 2020; 306:59-67. [PMID: 32222287 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the focus placed on cardiovascular research, the prevalence of vascular and valvular calcification is increasing and remains a leading contributor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Accumulating studies provide evidence that cardiovascular calcification is an inflammatory disease in which innate immune signaling becomes sustained and/or excessive, shaping a deleterious adaptive response. The triggering immune factors and subsequent inflammatory events surrounding cardiovascular calcification remain poorly understood, despite sustained significant research interest and support in the field. Most studies on cardiovascular calcification focus on innate cells, particularly macrophages' ability to release pro-osteogenic cytokines and calcification-prone extracellular vesicles and apoptotic bodies. Even though substantial evidence demonstrates that macrophages are key components in triggering cardiovascular calcification, the crosstalk between innate and adaptive immune cell components has not been adequately addressed. The only therapeutic options currently used are invasive procedures by surgery or transcatheter intervention. However, no approved drug has shown prophylactic or therapeutic effectiveness. Conventional diagnostic imaging is currently the best method for detecting, measuring, and assisting in the treatment of calcification. However, these common imaging modalities are unable to detect early subclinical stages of disease at the level of microcalcifications; therefore, the vast majority of patients are diagnosed when macrocalcifications are already established. In this review, we unravel the current knowledge of how innate and adaptive immunity regulate cardiovascular calcification; and put forward differences and similarities between vascular and valvular disease. Additionally, we highlight potential immunomodulatory drugs with the potential to target calcification and propose avenues in need of further translational inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia S A Passos
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Adrien Lupieri
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dakota Becker-Greene
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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23
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Effects of rituximab therapy on B cell differentiation and depletion. Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1415-1421. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-020-04996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Upadhye A, Sturek JM, McNamara CA. 2019 Russell Ross Memorial Lecture in Vascular Biology: B Lymphocyte-Mediated Protective Immunity in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 40:309-322. [PMID: 31852222 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis-the major underlying pathology of cardiovascular disease-is characterized by accumulation and subsequent oxidative modification of lipoproteins within the artery wall, leading to inflammatory cell infiltration and lesion formation that can over time result in arterial stenosis, ischemia, and downstream adverse events. The contribution of innate and adaptive immunity to atherosclerosis development is well established, and B cells have emerged as important modulators of both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects in atherosclerosis. Murine B cells can broadly be divided into 2 subsets: (1) B-2 cells, which are bone marrow derived and include conventional follicular and marginal zone B cells, and (2) B-1 cells, which are largely fetal liver derived and persist in adults through self-renewal. B-cell subsets are developmentally, functionally, and phenotypically distinct with unique subset-specific contributions to atherosclerosis development. Mechanisms whereby B cells regulate vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis will be discussed with a particular emphasis on B-1 cells. B-1 cells have a protective role in atherosclerosis that is mediated in large part by IgM antibody production. Accumulating evidence over the last several years has pointed to a previously underappreciated heterogeneity in B-1 cell populations, which may have important implications for understanding atherosclerosis development and potential targeted therapeutic approaches. This heterogeneity within atheroprotective innate B-cell subsets will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Upadhye
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Jeffrey M Sturek
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine (J.M.S.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Coleen A McNamara
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (A.U., C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (C.A.M.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
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