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Sturny R, Boulgakoff L, Kelly RG, Miquerol L. Transient formation of collaterals contributes to the restoration of the arterial tree during cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 195:1-13. [PMID: 39038734 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Revascularization of ischemic myocardium following cardiac damage is an important step in cardiac regeneration. However, the mechanism of arteriogenesis has not been well described during cardiac regeneration. Here we investigated coronary artery remodeling and collateral growth during cardiac regeneration. Neonatal MI was induced by ligature of the left descending artery (LAD) in postnatal day (P) 1 or P7 pups from the Cx40-GFP mouse line and the arterial tree was reconstructed in 3D from images of cleared hearts collected at 1, 2, 4, 7 and 14 days after infarction. We show a rapid remodeling of the left coronary arterial tree induced by neonatal MI and the formation of numerous collateral arteries, which are transient in regenerating hearts after MI at P1 and persistent in non-regenerating hearts after MI at P7. This difference is accompanied by restoration of a perfused or a non-perfused LAD following MI at P1 or P7 respectively. Interestingly, collaterals ameliorate cardiac perfusion and drive LAD repair, and lineage tracing analysis demonstrates that the restoration of the LAD occurs by remodeling of pre-existing arterial cells independently of whether they originate in large arteries or arterioles. These results demonstrate that the restoration of the LAD artery during cardiac regeneration occurs by pruning as the rapidly forming collaterals that support perfusion of the disconnected lower LAD subsequently disappear on restoration of a unique LAD. These results highlight a rapid phase of arterial remodeling that plays an important role in vascular repair during cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Sturny
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR7288, Marseille, France
| | - Lucile Miquerol
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS IBDM UMR7288, Marseille, France
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Tanke NT, Liu Z, Gore MT, Bougaran P, Linares MB, Marvin A, Sharma A, Oatley M, Yu T, Quigley K, Vest S, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Endothelial Cell Flow-Mediated Quiescence Is Temporally Regulated and Utilizes the Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1265-1282. [PMID: 38602102 PMCID: PMC11238946 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells regulate their cell cycle as blood vessels remodel and transition to quiescence downstream of blood flow-induced mechanotransduction. Laminar blood flow leads to quiescence, but how flow-mediated quiescence is established and maintained is poorly understood. METHODS Primary human endothelial cells were exposed to laminar flow regimens and gene expression manipulations, and quiescence depth was analyzed via time-to-cell cycle reentry after flow cessation. Mouse and zebrafish endothelial expression patterns were examined via scRNA-seq (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis, and mutant or morphant fish lacking p27 were analyzed for endothelial cell cycle regulation and in vivo cellular behaviors. RESULTS Arterial flow-exposed endothelial cells had a distinct transcriptome, and they first entered a deep quiescence, then transitioned to shallow quiescence under homeostatic maintenance conditions. In contrast, venous flow-exposed endothelial cells entered deep quiescence early that did not change with homeostasis. The cell cycle inhibitor p27 (CDKN1B) was required to establish endothelial flow-mediated quiescence, and expression levels positively correlated with quiescence depth. p27 loss in vivo led to endothelial cell cycle upregulation and ectopic sprouting, consistent with loss of quiescence. HES1 and ID3, transcriptional repressors of p27 upregulated by arterial flow, were required for quiescence depth changes and the reduced p27 levels associated with shallow quiescence. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cell flow-mediated quiescence has unique properties and temporal regulation of quiescence depth that depends on the flow stimulus. These findings are consistent with a model whereby flow-mediated endothelial cell quiescence depth is temporally regulated downstream of p27 transcriptional regulation by HES1 and ID3. The findings are important in understanding endothelial cell quiescence misregulation that leads to vascular dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michaelanthony T Gore
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Pauline Bougaran
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Mary B Linares
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Allison Marvin
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Morgan Oatley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kaitlyn Quigley
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Sarah Vest
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics (J.G.C.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology (N.T.T., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Biology (Z.L., M.T.G., P.B., M.B.L., A.M., A.S., M.O., T.Y., K.Q., S.V., V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- McAllister Heart Institute (V.L.B.), The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Sharma A, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0. [PMID: 38795286 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09920-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of S-phase proliferative tip cells relative to stalk cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip and stalk cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest and dynamics at the front. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Arya Sharma
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, CB 3280, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Baccouche BM, Elde S, Wang H, Woo YJ. Structural, angiogenic, and immune responses influencing myocardial regeneration: a glimpse into the crucible. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:18. [PMID: 38688935 PMCID: PMC11061134 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Complete cardiac regeneration remains an elusive therapeutic goal. Although much attention has been focused on cardiomyocyte proliferation, especially in neonatal mammals, recent investigations have unearthed mechanisms by which non-cardiomyocytes, such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, and other immune cells, play critical roles in modulating the regenerative capacity of the injured heart. The degree to which each of these cell types influence cardiac regeneration, however, remains incompletely understood. This review highlights the roles of these non-cardiomyocytes and their respective contributions to cardiac regeneration, with emphasis on natural heart regeneration after cardiac injury during the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil M Baccouche
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Elde
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Hanjay Wang
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Stanford University Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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Liu Z, Tanke NT, Neal A, Yu T, Branch T, Cook JG, Bautch VL. Differential endothelial cell cycle status in postnatal retinal vessels revealed using a novel PIP-FUCCI reporter and zonation analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.04.574239. [PMID: 38249517 PMCID: PMC10798646 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.04.574239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation is critical to blood vessel formation and function, but how the endothelial cell cycle integrates with vascular regulation is not well-understood, and available dynamic cell cycle reporters do not precisely distinguish all cell cycle stage transitions in vivo. Here we characterized a recently developed improved cell cycle reporter (PIP-FUCCI) that precisely delineates S phase and the S/G2 transition. Live image analysis of primary endothelial cells revealed predicted temporal changes and well-defined stage transitions. A new inducible mouse cell cycle reporter allele was selectively expressed in postnatal retinal endothelial cells upon Cre-mediated activation and predicted endothelial cell cycle status. We developed a semi-automated zonation program to define endothelial cell cycle status in spatially defined and developmentally distinct retinal areas and found predicted cell cycle stage differences in arteries, veins, and remodeled and angiogenic capillaries. Surprisingly, the predicted dearth of proliferative tip cells at the vascular front was accompanied by an unexpected enrichment for endothelial tip cells in G2, suggesting G2 stalling as a contribution to tip-cell arrest. Thus, this improved reporter precisely defines endothelial cell cycle status in vivo and reveals novel G2 regulation that may contribute to unique aspects of blood vessel network expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Liu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Natalie T Tanke
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Alexandra Neal
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tianji Yu
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Tershona Branch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jean G Cook
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Curriculum in Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- McAllister Heart Institute, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Reyes-Rivera J, Grillo-Alvarado V, Soriano-López AE, García-Arrarás JE. Evidence of interactions among apoptosis, cell proliferation, and dedifferentiation in the rudiment during whole-organ intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber. Dev Biol 2024; 505:99-109. [PMID: 37925124 PMCID: PMC11163280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Sea cucumbers have an extraordinary regenerative capability. Under stressful conditions, Holothuria glaberrima can eviscerate their internal organs, including the digestive tract. From the mesentery, a rudiment grows and gives rise to a new intestine within a few weeks. In the last decades, the cellular events that occur during intestinal regeneration have been characterized, including apoptosis, cell proliferation, and muscle cell dedifferentiation. Nevertheless, their contribution to the formation and early growth of the rudiment is still unknown. Furthermore, these cellular events' relationship and potential interdependence remain a mystery. Using modulators to inhibit apoptosis and cell proliferation, we tested whether rudiment growth or other regenerative cellular events like muscle cell dedifferentiation were affected. We found that inhibition of apoptosis by zVAD and cell proliferation by aphidicolin and mitomycin did not affect the overall size of the rudiment seven days post-evisceration (7-dpe). Interestingly, animals treated with aphidicolin showed higher levels of muscle cell dedifferentiation in the distal mesentery, which could act as a compensatory mechanism. On the other hand, inhibition of apoptosis led to a decrease in cell proliferation in the rudiment and a delay in the spatiotemporal progression of muscle cell dedifferentiation throughout the rudiment-mesentery structure. Our findings suggest that neither apoptosis nor cell proliferation significantly contributes to early rudiment growth during intestinal regeneration in the sea cucumber. Nevertheless, apoptosis may play an essential role in modulating cell proliferation in the rudiment (a process known as apoptosis-induced proliferation) and the timing for the progression of muscle cell dedifferentiation. These findings provide new insights into the role and relationship of cellular events during intestinal regeneration in an emerging regeneration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josean Reyes-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA; Molecular and Cell Biology Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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