1
|
Atkinson G, Bianco R, Di Gregoli K, Johnson JL. The contribution of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors to the development, progression, and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1248561. [PMID: 37799778 PMCID: PMC10549934 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1248561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) account for up to 8% of deaths in men aged 65 years and over and 2.2% of women. Patients with AAAs often have atherosclerosis, and intimal atherosclerosis is generally present in AAAs. Accordingly, AAAs are considered a form of atherosclerosis and are frequently referred to as atherosclerotic aneurysms. Pathological observations advocate inflammatory cell infiltration alongside adverse extracellular matrix degradation as key contributing factors to the formation of human atherosclerotic AAAs. Therefore, macrophage production of proteolytic enzymes is deemed responsible for the damaging loss of ECM proteins, especially elastin and fibrillar collagens, which characterise AAA progression and rupture. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their regulation by tissue inhibitors metalloproteinases (TIMPs) can orchestrate not only ECM remodelling, but also moderate the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of resident aortic cells, alongside the recruitment and subsequent behaviour of inflammatory cells. Accordingly, MMPs are thought to play a central regulatory role in the development, progression, and eventual rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Together, clinical and animal studies have shed light on the complex and often diverse effects MMPs and TIMPs impart during the development of AAAs. This dichotomy is underlined from evidence utilising broad-spectrum MMP inhibition in animal models and clinical trials which have failed to provide consistent protection from AAA progression, although more encouraging results have been observed through deployment of selective inhibitors. This review provides a summary of the supporting evidence connecting the contribution of individual MMPs to AAA development, progression, and eventual rupture. Topics discussed include structural, functional, and cell-specific diversity of MMP members; evidence from animal models of AAA and comparisons with findings in humans; the dual role of MMPs and the requirement to selectively target individual MMPs; and the advances in identifying aberrant MMP activity. As evidenced, our developing understanding of the multifaceted roles individual MMPs perform during the progression and rupture of AAAs, should motivate clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of selective MMP inhibitors, which could restrict AAA-related morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jason L. Johnson
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathology, Department of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huynh PT, Vu HD, Ryu J, Kim HS, Jung H, Youn SW. Gadolinium-Cyclic 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-Tetraacetic Acid-Click-Sulfonyl Fluoride for Probing Serine Protease Activity in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083538. [PMID: 37110769 PMCID: PMC10141219 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine protease is linked to a wide range of diseases, prompting the development of robust, selective, and sensitive protease assays and sensing methods. However, the clinical needs for serine protease activity imaging have not yet been met, and the efficient in vivo detection and imaging of serine protease remain challenging. Here, we report the development of the gadolinium-cyclic 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-click-Sulfonyl Fluoride (Gd-DOTA-click-SF) MRI contrast agent targeting serine protease. The HR-FAB mass spectrum confirmed the successful formation of our designed chelate. The molar longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of the Gd-DOTA-click-SF probe (r1 = 6.82 mM-1 s-1) was significantly higher than that of Dotarem (r1 = 4.63 mM-1 s-1), in the range of 0.01-0.64 mM at 9.4 T. The in vitro cellular study and the transmetallation kinetics study showed that the safety and stability of this probe are comparable to those of conventional Dotarem. Ex vivo abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) MRI revealed that this probe has a contrast-agent-to-noise ratio (CNR) that is approximately 51 ± 23 times greater than that of Dotarem. This study of superior visualization of AAA suggests that it has the potential to detect elastase in vivo and supports the feasibility of probing serine protease activity in T1-weighted MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Tu Huynh
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Duc Vu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa Ryu
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute (Daegu Center), Kyungpook University, 80, Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoesu Jung
- Preclinical Research Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (KMEDIhub), 88, Dongnae-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Youn
- Department of Radiology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, 3056-6, Daemyung-4-Dong, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Weaver LM, Loftin CD, Zhan CG. Development of pharmacotherapies for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113340. [PMID: 35780618 PMCID: PMC9514980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular field is still searching for a treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). This inflammatory disease often goes undiagnosed until a late stage and associated rupture has a high mortality rate. No pharmacological treatment options are available. Three hallmark factors of AAA pathology include inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and vascular smooth muscle dysfunction. Here we discuss drugs for AAA treatment that have been studied in clinical trials by examining the drug targets and data present for each drug's ability to regulate the aforementioned three hallmark pathways in AAA progression. Historically, drugs that were examined in interventional clinical trials for treatment of AAA were repurposed therapeutics. Novel treatments (biologics, small-molecule compounds etc.) have not been able to reach the clinic, stalling out in pre-clinical studies. Here we discuss the backgrounds of previous investigational drugs in hopes of better informing future development of potential therapeutics. Overall, the highlighted themes discussed here stress the importance of both centralized anti-inflammatory drug targets and rigor of translatability. Exceedingly few murine studies have examined an intervention-based drug treatment in halting further growth of an established AAA despite interventional treatment being the therapeutic approach taken to treat AAA in a clinical setting. Additionally, data suggest that a potentially successful drug target may be a central inflammatory biomarker. Specifically, one that can effectively modulate all three hallmark factors of AAA formation, not just inflammation. It is suggested that inhibiting PGE2 formation with an mPGES-1 inhibitor is a leading drug target for AAA treatment to this end.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Weaver
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Charles D Loftin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rastogi V, Stefens SJM, Houwaart J, Verhagen HJM, de Bruin JL, van der Pluijm I, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Aortic Aneurysm and Its Translational Power for Clinical Risk Assessment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:814123. [PMID: 35492343 PMCID: PMC9051391 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.814123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms (AAs) are dilations of the aorta, that are often fatal upon rupture. Diagnostic radiological techniques such as ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) are currently used in clinical practice for early diagnosis as well as clinical follow-up for preemptive surgery of AA and prevention of rupture. However, the contemporary imaging-based risk prediction of aneurysm enlargement or life-threatening aneurysm-rupture remains limited as these are restricted to visual parameters which fail to provide a personalized risk assessment. Therefore, new insights into early diagnostic approaches to detect AA and therefore to prevent aneurysm-rupture are crucial. Multiple new techniques are developed to obtain a more accurate understanding of the biological processes and pathological alterations at a (micro)structural and molecular level of aortic degeneration. Advanced anatomical imaging combined with molecular imaging, such as molecular MRI, or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT provides novel diagnostic approaches for in vivo visualization of targeted biomarkers. This will aid in the understanding of aortic aneurysm disease pathogenesis and insight into the pathways involved, and will thus facilitate early diagnostic analysis of aneurysmal disease. In this study, we reviewed these molecular imaging modalities and their association with aneurysm growth and/or rupture risk and their limitations. Furthermore, we outline recent pre-clinical and clinical developments in molecular imaging of AA and provide future perspectives based on the advancements made within the field. Within the vastness of pre-clinical markers that have been studied in mice, molecular imaging targets such as elastin/collagen, albumin, matrix metalloproteinases and immune cells demonstrate promising results regarding rupture risk assessment within the pre-clinical setting. Subsequently, these markers hold potential as a future diagnosticum of clinical AA assessment. However currently, clinical translation of molecular imaging is still at the onset. Future human trials are required to assess the effectivity of potentially viable molecular markers with various imaging modalities for clinical rupture risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinamr Rastogi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne J. M. Stefens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith Houwaart
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hence J. M. Verhagen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jorg L. de Bruin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen Essers
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Imaging Techniques for Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections in Mice: Comparisons of Ex Vivo, In Situ, and Ultrasound Approaches. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020339. [PMID: 35204838 PMCID: PMC8869425 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms and dissections are life-threatening conditions that have a high risk for lethal bleeding and organ malperfusion. Many studies have investigated the molecular basis of these diseases using mouse models. In mice, ex vivo, in situ, and ultrasound imaging are major approaches to evaluate aortic diameters, a common parameter to determine the severity of aortic aneurysms. However, accurate evaluations of aortic dimensions by these imaging approaches could be challenging due to pathological features of aortic aneurysms. Currently, there is no standardized mode to assess aortic dissections in mice. It is important to understand the characteristics of each approach for reliable evaluation of aortic dilatations. In this review, we summarize imaging techniques used for aortic visualization in recent mouse studies and discuss their pros and cons. We also provide suggestions to facilitate the visualization of mouse aortas.
Collapse
|
6
|
He C, Jiang B, Wang M, Ren P, Murtada SI, Caulk AW, Li G, Qin L, Assi R, Lovoulos CJ, Schwartz MA, Humphrey JD, Tellides G. mTOR inhibition prevents angiotensin II-induced aortic rupture and pseudoaneurysm but promotes dissection in Apoe-deficient mice. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155815. [PMID: 35132962 PMCID: PMC8855820 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection and rupture are triggered by decreased vascular wall strength and/or increased mechanical loads. We investigated the role of mTOR signaling in aortopathy using a well-described model of angiotensin II–induced dissection, aneurysm, or rupture of the suprarenal abdominal aorta in Apoe-deficient mice. Although not widely appreciated, nonlethal hemorrhagic lesions present as pseudoaneurysms without significant dissection in this model. Angiotensin II–induced aortic tears result in free rupture, contained rupture with subadventitial hematoma (forming pseudoaneurysms), dilatation, or healing, while the media invariably thickens regardless of mural tears. Medial thickening results from smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation, including matricellular proteins. Angiotensin II activates mTOR signaling in vascular wall cells, and inhibition of mTOR signaling by rapamycin prevents aortic rupture but promotes dissection. Decreased aortic rupture correlates with decreased inflammation and metalloproteinase expression, whereas extensive dissection correlates with induction of matricellular proteins that modulate adhesion of vascular cells. Thus, mTOR activation in vascular wall cells determines whether aortic tears progress to dissection or rupture. Previous mechanistic studies of aortic aneurysm and dissection by angiotensin II in Apoe-deficient mice should be reinterpreted as clinically relevant to pseudoaneurysms, and mTOR inhibition for aortic disease should be explored with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changshun He
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pengwei Ren
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sae-Il Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alexander W Caulk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingfeng Qin
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Roland Assi
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Constantinos J Lovoulos
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Surgery, Frank H. Netter MD School of Medicine, Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology).,Department of Cell Biology, and.,Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - George Tellides
- Department of Surgery (Cardiac), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Busch A, Bleichert S, Ibrahim N, Wortmann M, Eckstein HH, Brostjan C, Wagenhäuser MU, Goergen CJ, Maegdefessel L. Translating mouse models of abdominal aortic aneurysm to the translational needs of vascular surgery. JVS Vasc Sci 2021; 2:219-234. [PMID: 34778850 PMCID: PMC8577080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a condition that has considerable socioeconomic impact and an eventual rupture is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Despite decades of research, surgical repair remains the treatment of choice and no medical therapy is currently available. Animal models and, in particular, murine models, of AAA are a vital tool for experimental in vivo research. However, each of the different models has individual limitations and provide only partial mimicry of human disease. This narrative review addresses the translational potential of the available mouse models, highlighting unanswered questions from a clinical perspective. It is based on a thorough presentation of the available literature and more than a decade of personal experience, with most of the available models in experimental and translational AAA research. Results From all the models published, only the four inducible models, namely the angiotensin II model (AngII), the porcine pancreatic elastase perfusion model (PPE), the external periadventitial elastase application (ePPE), and the CaCl2 model have been widely used by different independent research groups. Although the angiotensin II model provides features of dissection and aneurysm formation, the PPE model shows reliable features of human AAA, especially beyond day 7 after induction, but remains technically challenging. The translational value of ePPE as a model and the combination with β-aminopropionitrile to induce rupture and intraluminal thrombus formation is promising, but warrants further mechanistic insights. Finally, the external CaCl2 application is known to produce inflammatory vascular wall thickening. Unmet translational research questions include the origin of AAA development, monitoring aneurysm growth, gender issues, and novel surgical therapies as well as novel nonsurgical therapies. Conclusion New imaging techniques, experimental therapeutic alternatives, and endovascular treatment options provide a plethora of research topics to strengthen the individual features of currently available mouse models, creating the possibility of shedding new light on translational research questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busch
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Bleichert
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nahla Ibrahim
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wortmann
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Universitaetsklinik Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Eckstein
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus U Wagenhäuser
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Heinrich-Heine-University Medical Center Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Ind
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislaufforschung (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paghdar S, Khan TM, Patel NP, Chandrasekaran S, De Sousa JFM, Tsouklidis N. Doxycycline Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Inhibitory Effect on Matrix Metalloproteinases. Cureus 2021; 13:e14966. [PMID: 34123662 PMCID: PMC8191685 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition associated with smoking, aging, atherosclerosis, and destruction of the connective tissue in the abdominal aortic wall. Disturbances in the synthesis and degradation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) have been known to contribute to the development of AAAs. The only available treatment of AAA is surgical repair. Doxycycline, a tetracycline analog, is thought to have an inhibitory effect on MMPs. Knowing the effect of doxycycline, there may be some favorable effects of the drug to reduce the growth of small AAAs and avoid the need for invasive treatment. This article aims to determine the relationship between doxycycline and the MMPs to prevent the growth of small AAAs. We conducted our review using online resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, The Journal of Vascular Surgery, and ResearchGate. The result of our study supports the effect of doxycycline in preventing the growth of small AAAs. We conclude that therapeutic treatment with doxycycline in patients with small AAAs can prevent the growth of aneurysms, life-threatening aneurysm rupture, and reduce the need for expensive, invasive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smit Paghdar
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Internal Medicine, Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat, IND
| | - Taheseen M Khan
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Nishant P Patel
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Surat, Surat, IND.,Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Savitri Chandrasekaran
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Joaquim Francisco Maria De Sousa
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Surgery, S.S. Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davangere, IND.,Emergency Medicine, Healthway Hospital, Panaji, IND
| | - Nicholas Tsouklidis
- Health Care Administration, University of Cincinnati Health, Cincinnati, USA.,Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Medicine, Atlantic University School of Medicine, Gros Islet, LCA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yao Y, Cheng K, Cheng Z. Evaluation of a smart activatable MRI nanoprobe to target matrix metalloproteinases in the early-stages of abdominal aortic aneurysms. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 26:102177. [PMID: 32142755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activation contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth and rupture. The study was to evaluate the ability of a novel activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nanoprobe, to target MMPs in an Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced AAA model. The activatable nanoprobe is composed of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol coating layer immobilized on the external surface of core/shell Fe/iron oxide nanoparticles; between them, there was grafted the MMP peptide substrate. In the ANG II infusion mice model of AAAs, MRI was performed to characterize the progression of model. The contrast-to-noise ratio was lower in the aneurysm of the mice injected with activatable nanoprobe. Histological studies revealed the presence of MMPs and iron-oxide in regions of MR signal decrease. MRI combined with nanoprobe allows the detection of MMP activity within the wall of AAA, thus representing a potential noninvasive method to predict the rupture risk of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kai Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu C, Zhu K, Li J, Wang C, Lai L. Molecular targets in aortic aneurysm for establishing novel management paradigms. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:4708-4722. [PMID: 29268541 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.10.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a lethal disease and presents a large challenge for surgeons in the clinic. Although surgical management remains the major choice of AA, operative mortality remains high. With advances in understanding of the mechanisms of AAs, molecular targets, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), D-dimer, and inflammation markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukins and phagocytes, are important in the pathology of development of AA. These markers may become important for improving the diagnostic quality and provide more therapeutic choices for treatment of AA. Although these new markers require long-term trials before they can be translated into the clinic, they can still be helpful in determining new directions. The main aim of this review is to discuss the current findings of molecular targets in progression of AA and discuss the potential application of these new targets for managing this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengkai Hu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Phillips EH, Di Achille P, Bersi MR, Humphrey JD, Goergen CJ. Multi-Modality Imaging Enables Detailed Hemodynamic Simulations in Dissecting Aneurysms in Mice. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2017; 36:1297-1305. [PMID: 28186882 PMCID: PMC5505237 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2017.2664799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A multi-modality imaging-based modeling approach was used to study complex unsteady hemodynamics and lesion growth in a dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm model. We combined in vivo ultrasound (geometry and flow) and in vitro optical coherence tomography(OCT) (geometry) to obtain the high resolution needed to construct detailed hemodynamic simulations over large portions of the murine vasculature, which include fine geometric complexities. We illustrate this approach for a spectrum of dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysms induced in male apolipoprotein E-null mice by high-dose angiotensin II infusion. In vivo morphological and hemodynamic data provide information on volumetric lesion growth and changes in blood flow dynamics, respectively, occurring from the day of initial aortic expansion. We validated the associated computational models by comparing results on time-varying outlet flows and vortical structures within the lesions. Three out of four lesions exhibited abrupt formation of thrombus, though different in size. We determined that a lesion without thrombus formed with a thickened vessel wall, which was resolvable by OCT and histology. We attribute differences in final sizes and compositions of these lesions to the different computed flow and vortical structures we obtained in our mouse-specific fluid dynamic models. Differences in morphology and hemodynamics play crucial roles in determining the evolution of dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysms. Coupled high resolution in vivo and in vitro imaging approaches provide much-improved geometric models for hemodynamic simulations. Our imaging-based computational findings suggest a link between perturbations in hemodynamic metrics and aneurysmal disease heterogeneity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Trachet B, Fraga-Silva RA, Londono FJ, Swillens A, Stergiopulos N, Segers P. Performance comparison of ultrasound-based methods to assess aortic diameter and stiffness in normal and aneurysmal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129007. [PMID: 26023786 PMCID: PMC4449181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several ultrasound-based methods are currently used to assess aortic diameter, circumferential strain and stiffness in mice, but none of them is flawless and a gold standard is lacking. We aimed to assess the validity and sensitivity of these methods in control animals and animals developing dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm. METHODS AND RESULTS We first compared systolic and diastolic diameters as well as local circumferential strains obtained in 47 Angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mice with three different techniques (BMode, short axis MMode, long axis MMode), at two different abdominal aortic locations (supraceliac and paravisceral), and at three different time points of abdominal aneurysm formation (baseline, 14 days and 28 days). We found that short axis BMode was preferred to assess diameters, but should be avoided for strains. Short axis MMode gave good results for diameters but high standard deviations for strains. Long axis MMode should be avoided for diameters, and was comparable to short axis MMode for strains. We then compared pulse wave velocity measurements using global, ultrasound-based transit time or regional, pressure-based transit time in 10 control and 20 angiotensin II-infused, anti-TGF-Beta injected C57BL/6 mice. Both transit-time methods poorly correlated and were not able to detect a significant difference in PWV between controls and aneurysms. However, a combination of invasive pressure and MMode diameter, based on radio-frequency data, detected a highly significant difference in local aortic stiffness between controls and aneurysms, with low standard deviation. CONCLUSIONS In small animal ultrasound the short axis view is preferred over the long axis view to measure aortic diameters, local methods are preferred over transit-time methods to measure aortic stiffness, invasive pressure-diameter data are preferred over non-invasive strains to measure local aortic stiffness, and the use of radiofrequency data improves the accuracy of diameter, strain as well as stiffness measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Trachet
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A. Fraga-Silva
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Abigaïl Swillens
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nikolaos Stergiopulos
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Segers
- IBiTech-bioMMeda, Ghent University-IMinds Medical IT, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lin JB, Phillips EH, Riggins TE, Sangha GS, Chakraborty S, Lee JY, Lycke RJ, Hernandez CL, Soepriatna AH, Thorne BRH, Yrineo AA, Goergen CJ. Imaging of small animal peripheral artery disease models: recent advancements and translational potential. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11131-77. [PMID: 25993289 PMCID: PMC4463694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a broad disorder encompassing multiple forms of arterial disease outside of the heart. As such, PAD development is a multifactorial process with a variety of manifestations. For example, aneurysms are pathological expansions of an artery that can lead to rupture, while ischemic atherosclerosis reduces blood flow, increasing the risk of claudication, poor wound healing, limb amputation, and stroke. Current PAD treatment is often ineffective or associated with serious risks, largely because these disorders are commonly undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Active areas of research are focused on detecting and characterizing deleterious arterial changes at early stages using non-invasive imaging strategies, such as ultrasound, as well as emerging technologies like photoacoustic imaging. Earlier disease detection and characterization could improve interventional strategies, leading to better prognosis in PAD patients. While rodents are being used to investigate PAD pathophysiology, imaging of these animal models has been underutilized. This review focuses on structural and molecular information and disease progression revealed by recent imaging efforts of aortic, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease models in mice, rats, and rabbits. Effective translation to humans involves better understanding of underlying PAD pathophysiology to develop novel therapeutics and apply non-invasive imaging techniques in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Evan H Phillips
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ti'Air E Riggins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gurneet S Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sreyashi Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Janice Y Lee
- Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Roy J Lycke
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Clarissa L Hernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bradford R H Thorne
- School of Sciences, Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Alexa A Yrineo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Morphological and Biomechanical Differences in the Elastase and AngII apoE(-/-) Rodent Models of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:413189. [PMID: 26064906 PMCID: PMC4433642 DOI: 10.1155/2015/413189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal cardiovascular disease with multifactorial development and progression. Two preclinical models of the disease (elastase perfusion and angiotensin II infusion in apolipoprotein-E-deficient animals) have been developed to study the disease during its initiation and progression. To date, most studies have used ex vivo methods to examine disease characteristics such as expanded aortic diameter or analytic methods to look at circulating biomarkers. Herein, we provide evidence from in vivo ultrasound studies of the temporal changes occurring in biomechanical parameters and macromolecules of the aortic wall in each model. We present findings from 28-day studies in elastase-perfused rats and AngII apoE(-/-) mice. While each model develops AAAs specific to their induction method, they both share characteristics with human aneurysms, such as marked changes in vessel strain and blood flow velocity. Histology and nonlinear microscopy confirmed that both elastin and collagen, both important extracellular matrix molecules, are similarly affected in their levels and spatial distribution. Future studies could make use of the differences between these models in order to investigate mechanisms of disease progression or evaluate potential AAA treatments.
Collapse
|
15
|
Webb NR, De Beer MC, Wroblewski JM, Ji A, Bailey W, Shridas P, Charnigo RJ, Noffsinger VP, Witta J, Howatt DA, Balakrishnan A, Rateri DL, Daugherty A, De Beer FC. Deficiency of Endogenous Acute-Phase Serum Amyloid A Protects apoE-/- Mice From Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1156-65. [PMID: 25745063 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a major cause of death in the aged population, is characterized by vascular inflammation and matrix degradation. Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute-phase reactant linked to inflammation and matrix metalloproteinase induction, correlates with aortic dimensions before aneurysm formation in humans. We investigated whether SAA deficiency in mice affects AAA formation during angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. APPROACH AND RESULTS Plasma SAA increased ≈60-fold in apoE(-/-) mice 24 hours after intraperitoneal Ang II injection (100 μg/kg; n=4) and ≈15-fold after chronic 28-day Ang II infusion (1000 ng/kg per minute; n=9). AAA incidence and severity after 28-day Ang II infusion was significantly reduced in apoE(-/-) mice lacking both acute-phase SAA isoforms (SAAKO; n=20) compared with apoE(-/-) mice (SAAWT; n=20) as assessed by in vivo ultrasound and ex vivo morphometric analyses, despite a significant increase in systolic blood pressure in SAAKO mice compared with SAAWT mice after Ang II infusion. Atherosclerotic lesion area of the aortic arch was similar in SAAKO and SAAWT mice after 28-day Ang II infusion. Immunostaining detected SAA in AAA tissues of Ang II-infused SAAWT mice that colocalized with macrophages, elastin breaks, and enhanced matrix metalloproteinase activity. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity was significantly lower in aortas of SAAKO mice compared with SAAWT mice after 10-day Ang II infusion. CONCLUSIONS Lack of endogenous acute-phase SAA protects against experimental AAA through a mechanism that may involve reduced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R Webb
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.).
| | - Maria C De Beer
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Joanne M Wroblewski
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Ailing Ji
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - William Bailey
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Preetha Shridas
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Richard J Charnigo
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Victoria P Noffsinger
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Jassir Witta
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Debra L Rateri
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| | - Frederick C De Beer
- From the Departments of Pharmacology Division of Nutritional Sciences (N.R.W.), Physiology (M.C.D.B.) and Internal Medicine (J.M.W., A.J., W.B., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (N.R.W., M.C.D.B., J.M.W., A.J., P.S., V.P.N., D.A.H., A.B., D.L.R., A.D., F.C.D.B.), and Departments of Statistics and Biostatistics (R.J.C.), University of Kentucky, Lexington; and Foundation Gastroenterology, Nashua, NH (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Trachet B, Fraga-Silva RA, Piersigilli A, Tedgui A, Sordet-Dessimoz J, Astolfo A, Van der Donckt C, Modregger P, Stampanoni MFM, Segers P, Stergiopulos N. Dissecting abdominal aortic aneurysm in Ang II-infused mice: suprarenal branch ruptures and apparent luminal dilatation. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:213-22. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
|
17
|
Zhang T, Xu J, Li D, Chen J, Shen X, Xu F, Teng F, Deng Y, Ma H, Zhang L, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Wu W, Liu X, Yang M, Jiang B, Guo D. Salvianolic acid A, a matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor of Salvia miltiorrhiza, attenuates aortic aneurysm formation in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1137-1145. [PMID: 24916705 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA) is a life-threatening vascular disease in defect of effective pharmaceutical therapy. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is implicated in the development of chronic vascular diseases including aneurysm, but the effective MMP-9 inhibitors are far from development. To develop new candidate for AA therapy, we evaluated the efficiency of salvianolic acid A (SalA), a novel MMP-9 inhibitor, on AA progression in a mouse model and characterized the mechanism of action. SalA is a water soluble compound of the herbal drug Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae (Danshen) which in China is widely used for the treatment of hypertension, coronary artery diseases and myocardial infarction. MMPs activity was evaluated by enzyme kinetic analysis in vitro and in-gel gelatin zymography in vivo. SalA showed selectivity on gelatinase (MMP-2 and MMP-9) than on collagenase (MMP-8 and MMP-13) in vitro, and specificity on MMP-9 than MMP-2 in vivo. Aortic aneurysm was induced by angiotension II (AngII) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Aortic structure was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, orein stain. Macrophage infiltration was detected by immunohistochemistry in vivo and transwell in vitro. Comparing with doxycycline (Dox), a well-known MMPs inhibitor, SalA showed similar efficiency against AA progression. SalA significantly decreased aortic diameter and aneurysm severity, ameliorated integrity of vascular structure, inhibited elastin fragmentation and macrophage infiltration. Furthermore, SalA showed greater safety than Dox based on hepatotoxicity evaluation. Our results demonstrated that SalA held great potential for AA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinghua Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Defang Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fukang Teng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongmei Ma
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road #103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baohong Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Den Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maegdefessel L, Dalman RL, Tsao PS. Pathogenesis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: MicroRNAs, Proteases, Genetic Associations. Annu Rev Med 2014; 65:49-62. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-101712-174206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305;
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Molecular imaging of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:973150. [PMID: 23737735 PMCID: PMC3655677 DOI: 10.1155/2013/973150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current laboratory research in the field of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease often utilizes small animal experimental models induced by genetic manipulation or chemical application. This has led to the use and development of multiple high-resolution molecular imaging modalities capable of tracking disease progression, quantifying the role of inflammation, and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutics. In vivo imaging reduces the number of research animals used, provides molecular and cellular information, and allows for longitudinal studies, a necessity when tracking vessel expansion in a single animal. This review outlines developments of both established and emerging molecular imaging techniques used to study AAA disease. Beyond the typical modalities used for anatomical imaging, which include ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), previous molecular imaging efforts have used magnetic resonance (MR), near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Mouse and rat AAA models will hopefully provide insight into potential disease mechanisms, and the development of advanced molecular imaging techniques, if clinically useful, may have translational potential. These efforts could help improve the management of aneurysms and better evaluate the therapeutic potential of new treatments for human AAA disease.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lu H, Rateri DL, Bruemmer D, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Novel mechanisms of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2013; 14:402-12. [PMID: 22833280 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-012-0271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a common but asymptomatic disease that has high susceptibility to rupture. Current therapeutic options are limited to surgical procedures because no pharmacological approaches have been proven to decrease either expansion or rupture of human AAAs. The current dearth of effective medical treatment is attributed to insufficient understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation, propagation and rupture of AAAs. This review will emphasize recent advances in mechanistic studies that may provide insights into potential pharmacological treatments for this disease. While we primarily focus on recent salient findings, we also discuss mechanisms that continue to be controversial depending on models under study. Despite the progress on exploring mechanisms of experimental AAAs, ultimate validation of mechanisms will require completion of prospective double-blinded clinical trials. In addition, we advocate increased emphasis of collaborative studies using animal models and human tissues for determination of mechanisms that explore expansion and rupture of existing AAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, B243, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Iida Y, Xu B, Schultz GM, Chow V, White JJ, Sulaimon S, Hezi-Yamit A, Peterson SR, Dalman RL. Efficacy and mechanism of angiotensin II receptor blocker treatment in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49642. [PMID: 23226500 PMCID: PMC3513299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the importance of the renin-angiotensin (Ang) system in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogenesis, strategies targeting this system to prevent clinical aneurysm progression remain controversial and unproven. We compared the relative efficacy of two Ang II type 1 receptor blockers, telmisartan and irbesartan, in limiting experimental AAAs in distinct mouse models of aneurysm disease. Methodology/Principal Findings AAAs were induced using either 1) Ang II subcutaneous infusion (1000 ng/kg/min) for 28 days in male ApoE−/− mice, or 2) transient intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion in male C57BL/6 mice. One week prior to AAA creation, mice started to daily receive irbesartan (50 mg/kg), telmisartan (10 mg/kg), fluvastatin (40 mg/kg), bosentan (100 mg/kg), doxycycline (100 mg/kg) or vehicle alone. Efficacy was determined via serial in vivo aortic diameter measurements, histopathology and gene expression analysis at sacrifice. Aortic aneurysms developed in 67% of Ang II-infused ApoE−/− mice fed with standard chow and water alone (n = 15), and 40% died of rupture. Strikingly, no telmisartan-treated mouse developed an AAA (n = 14). Both telmisartan and irbesartan limited aneurysm enlargement, medial elastolysis, smooth muscle attenuation, macrophage infiltration, adventitial neocapillary formation, and the expression of proteinases and proinflammatory mediators. Doxycycline, fluvastatin and bosentan did not influence aneurysm progression. Telmisartan was also highly effective in intra-aortic porcine pancreatic elastase infusion-induced AAAs, a second AAA model that did not require exogenous Ang II infusion. Conclusion/Significance Telmisartan suppresses experimental aneurysms in a model-independent manner and may prove valuable in limiting clinical disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Iida
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Baohui Xu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey M. Schultz
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Vinca Chow
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Julie J. White
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shola Sulaimon
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ayala Hezi-Yamit
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Susan Rea Peterson
- Medtronic Vascular Inc., Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ghoshal S, Loftin CD. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition attenuates abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in hyperlipidemic mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44369. [PMID: 23209546 PMCID: PMC3507882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a chronic inflammatory disease that increase the risk of life-threatening aortic rupture. In humans, AAAs have been characterized by increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the inactivation of COX-2 prior to disease initiation reduces AAA incidence in a mouse model of the disease. The current study examined the effectiveness of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition on reducing AAA progression when administered after the initiation of AAA formation. AAAs were induced in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by chronic angiotensin II (AngII) infusion and the effect of treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib was examined when initiated at different stages of the disease. Celecoxib treatment that was started 1 week after initiating AngII infusion reduced AAA incidence by 61% and significantly decreased AAA severity. Mice treated with celecoxib also showed significantly reduced aortic rupture and mortality. Treatment with celecoxib that was started at a late stage of AAA development also significantly reduced AAA incidence and severity. Celecoxib treatment significantly increased smooth muscle alpha-actin expression in the abdominal aorta and did not reduce expression of markers of macrophage-dependent inflammation. These findings indicate that COX-2 inhibitor treatment initiated after formation of AngII-induced AAAs effectively reduces progression of the disease in hyperlipidemic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles D. Loftin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xie X, Lu H, Moorleghen JJ, Howatt DA, Rateri DL, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Doxycycline does not influence established abdominal aortic aneurysms in angiotensin II-infused mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46411. [PMID: 23029514 PMCID: PMC3459927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no proven medical approach to attenuating expansion and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). One approach that is currently being investigated is the use of doxycycline. Despite being primarily used as an antimicrobial drug, doxycycline has been proposed to function in reducing AAA expansion. Doxycycline is effective in reducing the formation in the most commonly used mouse models of AAAs when administered prior to the initiation of the disease. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of doxycycline on established AAAs when it was administered at a dose that produces therapeutic serum concentrations. Methods and Results LDL receptor −/− male mice fed a saturated-fat supplemented diet were infused with AngII (1,000 ng/kg/min) via mini-osmotic pumps for 28 days. Upon verification of AAA formation by noninvasive high frequency ultrasonography, mice were stratified based on aortic lumen diameters, and continuously infused with AngII while also administered either vehicle or doxycycline (100 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 56 days. Administration of doxycycline led to serum drug concentrations of 2.3±0.6 µg/ml. Doxycycline administration had no effect on serum cholesterol concentrations and systolic blood pressures. Doxycycline administration did not prevent progressive aortic dilation as determined by temporal measurements of lumen dimensions using high frequency ultrasound. This lack of effect on AAA regression and progression was confirmed at the termination of the study by ex vivo measurements of maximal width of suprarenal aortas and AAA volumes. Also, doxycycline did not reduce AAA rupture. Medial and adventitial remodeling was not overtly changed by doxycycline as determined by immunostaining and histological staining. Conclusions Doxycycline administration did not influence AngII-induced AAA progression and aortic rupture when administered to mice with established AAAs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Abdominal/drug effects
- Aorta, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/complications
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Aortic Rupture/drug therapy
- Aortic Rupture/etiology
- Aortic Rupture/pathology
- Blood Pressure
- Cholesterol/blood
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Doxycycline/pharmacology
- Infusion Pumps, Implantable
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xie
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Debra L. Rateri
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:531-43. [PMID: 22788237 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are relatively common maladies that may lead to the devastating consequence of aortic rupture. AAAs (abdominal aortic aneurysms) and TAAs (thoracic aortic aneurysms) are two common forms of aneurysmal diseases in humans that appear to have distinct pathologies and mechanisms. Despite this divergence, there are numerous and consistent demonstrations that overactivation of the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) promotes both AAAs and TAAs in animal models. For example, in mice, both AAAs and TAAs are formed during infusion of AngII (angiotensin II), the major bioactive peptide in the RAS. There are many proposed mechanisms by which the RAS initiates and perpetuates aortic aneurysms, including effects of AngII on a diverse array of cell types and mediators. These experimental findings are complemented in humans by genetic association studies and retrospective analyses of clinical data that generally support a role of the RAS in both AAAs and TAAs. Given the lack of a validated pharmacological therapy for any form of aortic aneurysm, there is a pressing need to determine whether the consistent findings on the role of the RAS in animal models are translatable to humans afflicted with these diseases. The present review compiles the recent literature that has shown the RAS as a critical component in the pathogenesis of aortic aneurysms.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bartoli MA, Kober F, Cozzone P, Thompson RW, Alessi MC, Bernard M. In vivo assessment of murine elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm with high resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2012; 44:475-81. [PMID: 22939881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are, to date, no published non-invasive or longitudinal studies performed in mice to measure aortic diameter and wall thickness in an elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm. This MRI study at 11.75 T aimed at evaluating the reliability of longitudinal in vivo aortic diameter and wall thickness measurements in this particular model. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6 mice underwent transient elastase or heat-inactivated elastase perfusion (controls). Aortic dilatation was measured before, during and immediately after elastase perfusion, and again 14 days after, with a calibrated ocular grid. MRI was performed just before initial surgery and at day 14 before harvest using an 11.75 T MR microscopy imager. RESULTS Aortic diameter was significantly greater in elastase-perfused mice compared to controls as measured by optic grid (1.150 ± 0.153 mm vs 0.939 ± 0.07 mm, P = 0.038) and according to MRI measurement of the outer diameter on spin echo images (1.203 ± 0.105 mm vs 1070 ± 0.048 mm, P = 0.0067). Aortic wall thickness was found to be significantly increased in elastase-perfused mice at day 14. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates in the mouse elastase-induced aneurysm model that characterization of aneurysm development by its inner and outer vessel diameter and vessel wall thickness can be carried out longitudinally using high resolution MRI without significant mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Bartoli
- Aix-Marseille université, CNRS, CRMBM UMR, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tae HJ, Marshall S, Zhang J, Wang M, Briest W, Talan MI. Chronic treatment with a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor, doxycycline, prevents the development of spontaneous aortic lesions in a mouse model of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 343:246-51. [PMID: 22815532 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.112.197020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no proven therapy or prevention for vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS), a genetic disorder associated with the mutation of procollagen type III and characterized by increased fragility of vascular and hollow organ walls. Heterozygous COL3A1-deficient (HT) mice recapitulate a mild presentation of one of the variants of vEDS: haploinsufficiency for collagen III. Adult HT mice are characterized by increased metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, reduced collagen content in the arterial walls, and spontaneous development of various severity lesions in aorta. We hypothesized that chronic treatment with a MMP inhibitor would increase collagen content and prevent the development of spontaneous aortic lesions. HT mice were treated since weaning with the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor doxycycline added to food. At the age of 9 months MMP-9 expression was twice as high in the tunica media of aorta in untreated HT mice, whereas total collagen content was 30% lower (p < 0.01) and the cumulative score of aortic lesions was eight times higher than in wild-type (WT) mice (p < 0.01). After 9 months of doxycycline treatment, MMP-9 activity, collagen content, and lesions in the aortas of HT mice were at the level of those of WT mice (p > 0.05). In the mouse model of collagen III haploinsufficiency treatment with broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor that was started early in life normalized increased MMP activity, reduced aortic collagen content in adults, and prevented the development of spontaneous aortic lesions. Our findings provide experimental justification for the clinical evaluation of the benefit of doxycycline at least in the haploinsufficient variety of vEDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Tae
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sheng Z, Wen S, Ma G, Liu N, Fang F, Teng GJ. In vivo imaging of macrophages during the early-stages of abdominal aortic aneurysm using high resolution MRI in ApoE mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33523. [PMID: 22448249 PMCID: PMC3308989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (ANG II) promotes vascular inflammation and induces abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE−/−) mice. The aim of the present study was to detect macrophage activities in an ANG II-induced early-stage AAA model using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) as a marker. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-six male apoE−/− mice received saline or ANG II (1000 or 500 ng/kg/min) infusion for 14 days. All animals underwent MRI scanning following administration of SPIO with the exception of three mice in the 1000 ng ANG II group, which were scanned without SPIO administration. MR imaging was performed using black-blood T2 to proton density -weighted multi-spin multi-echo sequence. In vivo MRI measurement of SPIO uptake and abdominal aortic diameter were obtained. Prussian blue, CD68,α-SMC and MAC3 immunohistological stains were used for the detection of SPIO, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. ANG II infusion with 1000 ng/kg/min induced AAA in all of the apoE−/− mice. ANG II infusion exhibited significantly higher degrees of SPIO uptake, which was detected using MRI as a distinct loss of signal intensity. The contrast-to-noise ratio value decreased in proportion to an increase in the number of iron-laden macrophages in the aneurysm. The aneurysmal vessel wall in both groups of ANG II treated mice contained more iron-positive macrophages than saline-treated mice. However, the presence of cells capable of phagocytosing haemosiderin in mural thrombi also induced low-signal-intensities via MRI imaging. Conclusions/Significance SPIO is taken up by macrophages in the shoulder and the outer layer of AAA. This alters the MRI signaling properties and can be used in imaging inflammation associated with AAA. It is important to compare images of the aorta before and after SPIO injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yefei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Wen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hartog AW, Franken R, Zwinderman AH, Groenink M, Mulder BJM. Current and future pharmacological treatment strategies with regard to aortic disease in Marfan syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2012; 13:647-62. [PMID: 22397493 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.665446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marfan syndrome is a multisystemic connective tissue disorder caused mainly by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene. The entire cardiovascular system is affected in patients with Marfan syndrome. Aortic root dilatation, aortic valve regurgitation or - the most feared and life-threatening symptom - aortic root dissection are the most common manifestations. Therapeutic strategies, such as prophylactic aortic root surgery and pharmacological therapy, focus on the prevention of aortic dissection. Currently, the standard medicinal treatments targeting aortic dilatation and dissection consist of agents generally used to lower blood pressure and/or the inotropic state of the heart. By these means, the cyclic repetitive forces exerted on the aortic wall are diminished and thus the onset of aortic dilatation is potentially prevented. Although these pharmacological agents may offer some benefit in reduction of aortic aneurysm expansion rate, they do not target the underlying cause of the progressive aortic degradation. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the effectiveness of frequently prescribed medications used to prevent and delay aortic complications in Marfan syndrome. New insights on the biochemical pathways leading to aortic disease are also discussed to highlight new targets for pharmacological therapy. EXPERT OPINION Recent insights in the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway and inflammatory mechanisms in a well-established mouse model of Marfan syndrome, have led to studies exploring new pharmacological treatment strategies with doxycycline, statins and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Pharmacological therapy is focused more on prevention than on delay of aortic wall pathology in Marfan syndrome. Of the new pharmacological treatment strategies targeting aortic pathology in Marfan syndrome, angiotensin receptor type 1 blockers are promising candidates, with several clinical trials currently ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Hartog
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, B2-240, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Miyama N, Dua MM, Schultz GM, Kosuge H, Terashima M, Pisani LJ, Dalman RL, McConnell MV. Bioluminescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Macrophage Homing to Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a prominent feature of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. We used a combined imaging approach with bioluminescence (BLI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study macrophage homing and accumulation in experimental AAA disease. Murine AAAs were created via intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. Mice were imaged over 14 days after injection of prepared peritoneal macrophages. For BLI, macrophages were from transgenic mice expressing luciferase. For MRI, macrophages were labeled with iron oxide particles. Macrophage accumulation during aneurysm progression was observed by in situ BLI and by in vivo 7T MRI. Mice were sacrificed after imaging for histologic analysis. In situ BLI ( n = 32) demonstrated high signal in the AAA by days 7 and 14, which correlated significantly with macrophage number and aortic diameter. In vivo 7T MRI ( n = 13) at day 14 demonstrated T2* signal loss in the AAA and not in sham mice. Immunohistochemistry and Prussian blue staining confirmed the presence of injected macrophages in the AAA. BLI and MRI provide complementary approaches to track macrophage homing and accumulation in experimental AAAs. Similar dual imaging strategies may aid the study of AAA biology and the evaluation of novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyama
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Monica M. Dua
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Geoffrey M. Schultz
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Masahiro Terashima
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Laura J. Pisani
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael V. McConnell
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Newby AC. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition therapy for vascular diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2012; 56:232-44. [PMID: 22326338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are 23 secreted or cell surface proteases that act together and with other protease classes to turn over the extracellular matrix, cleave cell surface proteins and alter the function of many secreted bioactive molecules. In the vasculature MMPs influence the migration proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells and inflammatory cells, thereby affecting intima formation, atherosclerosis and aneurysms, as substantiated in clinical and mouse knockout and transgenic studies. Prominent counterbalancing roles for MMPs in tissue destruction and repair emerge from these experiments. Naturally occurring tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), pleiotropic mediators such as tetracyclines, chemically-synthesised small molecular weight MMP inhibitors (MMPis) and inhibitory antibodies have all shown effects in animal models of vascular disease but only doxycycline has been evaluated extensively in patients. A limitation of broad specificity MMPis is that they prevent both matrix degradation and tissue repair functions of different MMPs. Hence MMPis with more restricted specificity have been developed and recent studies in models of atherosclerosis accurately replicate the phenotypes of the corresponding gene knockouts. This review documents the established actions of MMPs and their inhibitors in vascular pathologies and considers the prospects for translating these findings into new treatments.
Collapse
|
31
|
Klink A, Heynens J, Herranz B, Lobatto ME, Arias T, Sanders HMHF, Strijkers GJ, Merkx M, Nicolay K, Fuster V, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Mulder WJM, Fayad ZA. In vivo characterization of a new abdominal aortic aneurysm mouse model with conventional and molecular magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 58:2522-30. [PMID: 22133853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to use noninvasive conventional and molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect and characterize abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in vivo. BACKGROUND Collagen is an essential constituent of aneurysms. Noninvasive MRI of collagen may represent an opportunity to help detect and better characterize AAAs and initiate intervention. METHODS We used an AAA C57BL/6 mouse model in which a combination of angiotensin II infusion and transforming growth factor-β neutralization results in AAA formation with incidence of aortic rupture. High-resolution, multisequence MRI was performed to characterize the temporal progression of an AAA. To allow molecular MRI of collagen, paramagnetic/fluorescent micellar nanoparticles functionalized with a collagen-binding protein (CNA-35) were intravenously administered. In vivo imaging results were corroborated with immunohistochemistry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS High-resolution, multisequence MRI allowed the visualization of the primary fibrotic response in the aortic wall. As the aneurysm progressed, the formation of a secondary channel or dissection was detected. Further analysis revealed a dramatic increase of the aortic diameter. Injection of CNA-35 micelles resulted in a significantly higher magnetic resonance signal enhancement in the aneurysmal wall compared with nonspecific micelles. Histological studies revealed the presence of collagen in regions of magnetic resonance signal enhancement, and confocal microscopy proved the precise co-localization of CNA-35 micelles with type I collagen. In addition, in a proof-of-concept experiment, we reported the potential of CNA-35 micelles to discriminate between stable AAA lesions and aneurysms that were likely to rapidly progress or rupture. CONCLUSIONS High-resolution, multisequence MRI allowed longitudinal monitoring of AAA progression while the presence of collagen was visualized by nanoparticle-enhanced MRI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Klink
- Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1428 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Current status of medical management for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:57-63. [PMID: 21596379 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous trials indicate that surgical management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) does not reduce mortality. The medical management of AAA, however, has to a large degree been ignored until recently. Medical management is not only needed to limit the expansion of small AAAs but also to reduce the high incidence of other cardiovascular events in these patients. In this review current evidence regarding medical therapy for patients with small AAAs is discussed. Four current randomised controlled trials are examining the efficacy of exercise, doxycycline and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in limiting AAA progression. A further trial using a mast cell stabilisation agent is expected to start soon. It is anticipated that a range of novel therapies for small AAAs will be identified within the next decade.
Collapse
|
33
|
Assessment of elastase-induced murine abdominal aortic aneurysms: comparison of ultrasound imaging with in situ video microscopy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:252141. [PMID: 21331328 PMCID: PMC3038624 DOI: 10.1155/2011/252141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. The aim of this study was to definitively assess the validity of noninvasive high-frequency ultrasound (US) measurements of aortic luminal diameter (ALD) in a murine model of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in comparison with in situ video microscopy (VM).
Methods. C57BL/6 mice underwent transient perfusion of the aorta with either elastase (n = 20: Elastase group) or saline (n = 10: Sham). Unoperated mice (n = 10) were also studied. Results. ALD measurements by US had excellent linear correlation and absolute agreement with that by VM in both Control (unoperated or sham-operated mice) and elastase groups (r = 0.96, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.88 and r = 0.93, ICC = 0.92, resp.). Bland-Altman analysis of US compared with VM measurements in both groups indicated good agreement, however US measurements were slightly but significantly higher than VM measurements in the control group (mean bias 0.039 mm, P < .05). Linear regression analysis revealed excellent correlation between US and VM measurements in both groups. (R2 = 0.91 in Control group, R2 = 0.85 in elastase group.) The reliability of US measurements was also confirmed by ex vivo histological measurements. Conclusions. High-frequency US provides reliable ALD measurements in developing murine abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Collapse
|
34
|
Goergen CJ, Barr KN, Huynh DT, Eastham-Anderson JR, Choi G, Hedehus M, Dalman RL, Connolly AJ, Taylor CA, Tsao PS, Greve JM. In vivo quantification of murine aortic cyclic strain, motion, and curvature: implications for abdominal aortic aneurysm growth. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 32:847-58. [PMID: 20882615 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop methods to quantify cyclic strain, motion, and curvature of the murine abdominal aorta in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J and apoE(-/-) mice underwent three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight MR angiography to position cardiac-gated 2D slices at four locations along the abdominal aorta where circumferential cyclic strain and lumen centroid motion were calculated. From the 3D data, a centerline through the aorta was created to quantify geometric curvature at 0.1-mm intervals. Medial elastin content was quantified with histology postmortem. The location and shape of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), created from angiotensin II infusion, were evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS Strain waveforms were similar at all locations and between groups. Centroid motion was significantly larger and more leftward above the renal vessels than below (P < 0.05). Maximum geometric curvature occurred slightly proximal to the right renal artery. Elastin content was similar around the circumference of the vessel. AAAs developed in the same location as the maximum curvature and grew in the same direction as vessel curvature and motion. CONCLUSION The methods presented provide temporally and spatially resolved data quantifying murine aortic motion and curvature in vivo. This noninvasive methodology will allow serial quantification of how these parameters influence the location and direction of AAA growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Goergen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5431, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Goergen CJ, Azuma J, Barr KN, Magdefessel L, Kallop DY, Gogineni A, Grewall A, Weimer RM, Connolly AJ, Dalman RL, Taylor CA, Tsao PS, Greve JM. Influences of aortic motion and curvature on vessel expansion in murine experimental aneurysms. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2010; 31:270-9. [PMID: 21071686 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.216481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively compare aortic curvature and motion with resulting aneurysm location, direction of expansion, and pathophysiological features in experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). METHODS AND RESULTS MRI was performed at 4.7 T with the following parameters: (1) 3D acquisition for vessel geometry and (2) 2D cardiac-gated acquisition to quantify luminal motion. Male 24-week-old mice were imaged before and after AAA formation induced by angiotensin II (AngII)-filled osmotic pump implantation or infusion of elastase. AngII-induced AAAs formed near the location of maximum abdominal aortic curvature, and the leftward direction of expansion was correlated with the direction of suprarenal aortic motion. Elastase-induced AAAs formed in a region of low vessel curvature and had no repeatable direction of expansion. AngII significantly increased mean blood pressure (22.7 mm Hg, P<0.05), whereas both models showed a significant 2-fold decrease in aortic cyclic strain (P<0.05). Differences in patterns of elastin degradation and localization of fluorescent signal from protease-activated probes were also observed. CONCLUSIONS The direction of AngII aneurysm expansion correlated with the direction of motion, medial elastin dissection, and adventitial remodeling. Anterior infrarenal aortic motion correlated with medial elastin degradation in elastase-induced aneurysms. Results from both models suggest a relationship between aneurysm pathological features and aortic geometry and motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Goergen
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, 318 Campus Dr., Stanford, CA 94305-5431, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|