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Shan X, Li J, Hong B, Yin H, Lu Z, Wang G, Yu N, Peng D, Wang L, Zhang C, Chen W. Comparative efficacy of sweated and non-sweated Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. extracts on acute myocardial ischemia via regulating the PPARα/RXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31923. [PMID: 38845919 PMCID: PMC11154627 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (S. miltiorrhiza) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The processing of S. miltiorrhiza requires the raw herbs to sweat first and then dry. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) of S. miltiorrhiza extracts (including tanshinones and phenolic acids) before and after sweating, and to further explore whether the "sweating" primary processing affected the efficacy of S. miltiorrhiza. The AMI animal model was established by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO). After treatment, the cardiac function of rats was evaluated by electrocardiogram (ECG), biochemical, and histochemical analysis. Moreover, the regulation of S. miltiorrhiza extracts on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/retinoid X receptor α (RXRα)/nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway of rats was assessed by the Western blotting. The results showed that sweated and non-sweated S. miltiorrhiza extracts including tanshinones and phenolic acids significantly reduced ST-segment elevation in ECG and the myocardial infarction area in varying degrees. Meanwhile, sweated and non-sweated S. miltiorrhiza reversed the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in AMI rats. Concurrently, the results of Western blotting revealed that S. miltiorrhiza extracts regulated the PPARα/RXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway to exert an anti-inflammatory effect. Most importantly, sweated S. miltiorrhiza tanshinones extracts are more effective than the non-sweated S. miltiorrhiza, and the anti-inflammatory efficacy of tanshinones extract was also better than that of phenolic acid extract. Although phenolic acid extracts before and after sweating were effective in anti-AMI, there was no significant difference between them. In conclusion, both tanshinones and phenolic acids extracts of sweated and non-sweated S. miltiorrhiza promote anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory against AMI via regulating the PPARα/RXRα/NF-κB signaling pathway. Further, the comparations between sweated and non-sweated S. miltiorrhiza extracts indicate that sweated S. miltiorrhiza tanshinones extracts have better therapeutic effects on AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Junying Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Bangzhen Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Huihui Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ziyi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Guokai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Nianjun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Grand Health Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
- Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, China
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Li Y, Zhang W, Cai Y, Yang D. Ginsenoside Rb2 Inhibits the Pyroptosis in Myocardial Ischemia Progression Through Regulating the SIRT1 Mediated Deacetylation of ASC. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10846-x. [PMID: 38831231 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10846-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemic (MI) injury is a common cardiovascular disease, and the potential therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rb2 (Rb2) have been lately the focus of interest. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of Rb2 on pyroptosis of cardiomyocytes in MI progression. An in vitro MI model was developed by subjecting rat's cardiomyocytes (H9c2) to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay, while cell death was analyzed by propidium iodide staining. Similarly, pyroptosis-related protein levels and acetylation levels of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) were detected by western blotting, and the relationship between Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and ASC was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay. Moreover, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining were used to study pathological structure and infarct size. It was found that post-Rb2 treatment significantly increased the cell viability and decreased the cell death and lactic dehydrogenase release, while the increased gasdermin D-N, NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain-associated protein 3, ASC, and cleaved-caspase-1 protein levels were significantly decreased in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. Moreover, the acetylation levels of H92c cells were decreased post-Rb2 treatment via increasing SIRT1 levels, while knocking down SIRT1, translated into an increase in ASC acetylation levels, leading to the increase in ASC protein stability and expressions. Additionally, the Rb2 effects on pyroptosis in H/R-stimulated H92c cells were reversed by overexpressing ASC, while reduced myocardial tissue damage was observed in MI rats following in vivo Rb2 treatment. Rb2 treatment inhibited pyroptosis in MI progression by decreasing the ASC levels. Mechanistically, Rb2 treatment increased the SIRT1 levels, further increasing the acetylation levels of ASC and decreasing the protein stability of ASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The 921, Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, No.1 Hongshan Bridge, Changsha, 410003, China.
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The 3, Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yamin Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The 921, Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, No.1 Hongshan Bridge, Changsha, 410003, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The 921, Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Changsha, China
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Almalki WH. Unraveling the role of Xist RNA in cardiovascular pathogenesis. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:154944. [PMID: 38006839 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular pathways behind cardiovascular illnesses is crucial due to the enormous worldwide health burden they impose. New insights into the role played by Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) RNA in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases have emerged from recent studies. Since its discovery, Xist RNA has been known for its role in X chromosome inactivation during embryogenesis; however, new data suggest that its function extends well beyond the control of sex chromosomes. The regulatory roles of Xist RNA are extensive, encompassing epigenetic changes, gene expression, cellular identity, and sex chromosomal inactivation. There is potential for the involvement of this complex regulatory web in a wide range of illnesses, including cardiovascular problems. Atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and cardiac fibrosis are all conditions linked to dysregulation of Xist RNA expression. Alterations in DNA methylation and histones are two examples of epigenetic changes that Xist RNA orchestrates, leading to modifications in gene expression patterns in different cardiovascular cells. Additionally, Xist RNA has been shown to contribute to the development of cardiovascular illnesses by modulating endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses. New treatment approaches may become feasible with a thorough understanding of the complex function of Xist RNA in cardiovascular diseases. By focusing on Xist RNA and the regulatory network with which it interacts, we may be able to slow the progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, thereby opening novel therapeutic options for cardiovascular diseases amenable to precision medicine. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of Xist RNA in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
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Shah NR, Hulten EA, Tandon S, Murthy VL, Dorbala S, Thompson RC. Recent clinical trials support continued emphasis on patient-first over modality-first approaches to initial test selection in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2023; 30:1739-1744. [PMID: 35149975 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-022-02908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishant R Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI, 02908, USA.
| | - Edward A Hulten
- Department of Medicine, F. Edward Hebert Medical School Uniformed Services, University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Suman Tandon
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Murthy
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Randall C Thompson
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Guo C, Huang Q, Wang Y, Yao Y, Li J, Chen J, Wu M, Zhang Z, E M, Qi H, Ji P, Liu Q, Zhao D, Su H, Qi W, Li X. Therapeutic application of natural products: NAD + metabolism as potential target. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154768. [PMID: 36948143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is involved in the entire physiopathological process and is critical to human health. Long-term imbalance in NAD+ homeostasis is associated with various diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, and cancer, making it a potential target for effective therapeutic strategies. Currently, several natural products that target NAD+ metabolism have been widely reported to have significant therapeutic effects, but systematic summaries are lacking. PURPOSE To summarize the latest findings on the prevention and treatment of various diseases through the regulation of NAD+ metabolism by various natural products in vivo and in vitro models, and evaluate the toxicities of the natural products. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched using the keywords "natural products sources," "toxicology," "NAD+ clinical trials," and "NAD+," and/or paired with "natural products" and "diseases" for studies published within the last decade until January 2023. RESULTS We found that the natural products mainly include phenols (curcumin, cyclocurcumin, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, salvianolic acid B, pterostilbene, EGCG), flavonoids (pinostrobin, apigenin, acacetin, tilianin, kaempferol, quercetin, isoliquiritigenin, luteolin, silybin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, scutellarin), glycosides (salidroside), quinones (emodin, embelin, β-LAPachone, shikonin), terpenoids (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside F2, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg3, thymoquinone, genipin), pyrazines (tetramethylpyrazine), alkaloids (evodiamine, berberine), and phenylpropanoids (ferulic acid). These natural products have antioxidant, energy-producing, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and anti-aging effects, which mainly influence the NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α, Nrf2/HO-1, PKCs/PARPs/NF-κB, and AMPK/Nrf2/mTOR signaling pathways, thereby regulating NAD+ metabolism to prevent and treat various diseases. These natural products have been shown to be safe, tolerable and have fewer adverse effects in various in vivo and in vitro studies and clinical trials. CONCLUSION We evaluated the toxic effects of natural products and summarized the available clinical trials on NAD+ metabolism, as well as the recent advances in the therapeutic application of natural products targeting NAD+ metabolism, with the aim to provide new insights into the treatment of multiple disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Guo
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yisa Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jing Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinjin Chen
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Mingxia Wu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Zepeng Zhang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China; Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Mingyao E
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hongyu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Hang Su
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Yang Y, Su C, Zhang XZ, Li J, Huang SC, Kuang HF, Zhang QY. Mechanisms of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction in the treatment of coronary heart disease based on integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1223:123712. [PMID: 37060624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) has become the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability worldwide. Though the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZY) on CHD has been demonstrated in China, the active ingredients and molecular mechanisms of XFZY have not been elucidated. The purpose of the current study is to explore the molecular mechanisms of XFZY in the treatment of CHD via network pharmacology, metabolomics, and experimental validation. First, we established a CHD rat model by permanently ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and evaluated the therapeutic effect of XFZY by hemorheology and histopathology. Second, network pharmacology was employed to screen the active ingredients and potential targets of XFZY for the treatment of CHD. Metabolomic was applied to identify the molecules present in the serum after XFZY treatment. Third, the results of network pharmacology and metabolomics were further analyzed by Cytoscape to elucidate the core ingredients and pathways. Finally, the obtained key pathways were verified by transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence assay. The results showed that XFZY was effective in the treatment of CHD in the rat model, and the highest dose exerted the best effect. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 215 active ingredients and 129 key targets associated with XFZY treatment of CHD. These targets were enriched in pathways of cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, proteoglycans in cancer, chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation, HIF-1 signaling, et al. Serum metabolomic identified 1081 metabolites involved in the therapeutic effect of XFZY on CHD. These metabolites were enriched in taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, histidine metabolism, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, et al. Cytoscape analysis combining the data from serum metabolomic and network pharmacology revealed that energy metabolism as the core pathway for XFZY treatment of CHD. Electron microscope observation identified changes in the level of autophagy in the mitochondrial structure of cardiomyocytes. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-B and P62/SQSTM1 were consistent with the levels of autophagy observed in mitochondria. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the possible mechanisms of XFZY in the treatment of CHD are reducing the level of autophagy, improving energy metabolism, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. Our study also shows that the combined strategies of network pharmacology, metabolomics, and experimental validation may provide a powerful approach for TCM pharmacology study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Chang Su
- College of Xiangxing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Xiang-Zhuo Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Jing Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Shu-Chun Huang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Hui-Fang Kuang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- School Infirmary, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China.
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Diekmann J, Bengel FM. [Clinical use of Cardiac Nuclear Medicine in Germany]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022; 147:538-548. [PMID: 35468635 DOI: 10.1055/a-1554-8415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac nuclear medicine comprises various diagnostic techniques using radiopharmaceuticals for functional imaging in vivo. This article provides an overview of current clinical use of cardiac imaging in nuclear medicine in Germany: Myocardial perfusion imaging using SPECT is a well-established noninvasive tool to semi-quantitatively measure left ventricular myocardial perfusion. Ischemia and chronic myocardial scars can be idenified with a high diagnostic accuracy. Gated SPECT enables measuring left ventricular function. With new dedicated solid-state camera systems examinations have become faster and better while radiation exposure has been minimized. These new camera systems allow quantitative calculations of myocardial blood flow, which will further improve diagnostic accuracy.For patients with severe chronic coronary artery disease and myocardial dysfunction analyzing myocardial viability is crucial for guiding therpeutic decisions. For detection of hibernating myocardium and its differentiation from scar tissue, two nuclear cardiac methods are combined: Rest myocardial perfusion imaging detects perfusion defects and cardiac 18F-FDG-PET/CT detects glucose metabolism in the hypoperfused area. As long as glucose metabolism is intact therapeutic interventions can be beneficial.In general 18F-FDG-PET/CT allows visualization and quantification of celluar glucose metabolism in oncologic and inflammatory processes. For analysis of cardiac inflammation (e. g. endocarditis or sarcoidosis) a no-carb and high-protein diet is needed at leat 24 hours prior to imaging in order to suppress the physiologic myocardial glucose metabolism. Then, specific inflammatory tracer uptake can be assessed.Cardiac amyloidosis is a rare but dangerous condition. With a specific amyloidosis scintigraphy (bone scintigraphy), cardiac ATTR-amyloidosis can be diagnosed with high accuracy. A potenitally harmful myocardial biopsy often is not needed any more and specific therapy can be initiated.In summary, diagnostic methods in cardiac nuclear medicine non-invasively allow visualization and function analysis of biological processes and are essential for diagnosis finding and therapy guidance. The continuous advancement of diagnostic tools makes nuclear cardiology a highly relevant and interesting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory Hachamovitch
- Cardiovascular Imaging Section, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (R.H.)
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