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Dankiewicz J, Cronberg T, Lilja G, Jakobsen JC, Levin H, Ullén S, Rylander C, Wise MP, Oddo M, Cariou A, Bělohlávek J, Hovdenes J, Saxena M, Kirkegaard H, Young PJ, Pelosi P, Storm C, Taccone FS, Joannidis M, Callaway C, Eastwood GM, Morgan MPG, Nordberg P, Erlinge D, Nichol AD, Chew MS, Hollenberg J, Thomas M, Bewley J, Sweet K, Grejs AM, Christensen S, Haenggi M, Levis A, Lundin A, Düring J, Schmidbauer S, Keeble TR, Karamasis GV, Schrag C, Faessler E, Smid O, Otáhal M, Maggiorini M, Wendel Garcia PD, Jaubert P, Cole JM, Solar M, Borgquist O, Leithner C, Abed-Maillard S, Navarra L, Annborn M, Undén J, Brunetti I, Awad A, McGuigan P, Bjørkholt Olsen R, Cassina T, Vignon P, Langeland H, Lange T, Friberg H, Nielsen N. Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2283-2294. [PMID: 34133859 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2100591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 172.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty. METHODS In an open-label trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we randomly assigned 1900 adults with coma who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac or unknown cause to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33°C, followed by controlled rewarming, or targeted normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, ≥37.8°C). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome at 6 months as assessed with the modified Rankin scale. Prespecified subgroups were defined according to sex, age, initial cardiac rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and presence or absence of shock on admission. Prespecified adverse events were pneumonia, sepsis, bleeding, arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise, and skin complications related to the temperature management device. RESULTS A total of 1850 patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 6 months, 465 of 925 patients (50%) in the hypothermia group had died, as compared with 446 of 925 (48%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.14; P = 0.37). Of the 1747 patients in whom the functional outcome was assessed, 488 of 881 (55%) in the hypothermia group had moderately severe disability or worse (modified Rankin scale score ≥4), as compared with 479 of 866 (55%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.09). Outcomes were consistent in the prespecified subgroups. Arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise was more common in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (24% vs. 17%, P<0.001). The incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermia did not lead to a lower incidence of death by 6 months than targeted normothermia. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; TTM2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02908308.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Dankiewicz
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Tobias Cronberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Gisela Lilja
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Janus C Jakobsen
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Helena Levin
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Susann Ullén
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Christian Rylander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Matt P Wise
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Mauro Oddo
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Alain Cariou
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Jan Bělohlávek
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Jan Hovdenes
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Manoj Saxena
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Hans Kirkegaard
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Paul J Young
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Christian Storm
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Fabio S Taccone
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Michael Joannidis
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Clifton Callaway
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Glenn M Eastwood
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Matt P G Morgan
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Per Nordberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - David Erlinge
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Alistair D Nichol
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Michelle S Chew
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Jacob Hollenberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Matthew Thomas
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Jeremy Bewley
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Katie Sweet
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Anders M Grejs
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Steffen Christensen
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Matthias Haenggi
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Anja Levis
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Andreas Lundin
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Joachim Düring
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Simon Schmidbauer
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Thomas R Keeble
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Grigoris V Karamasis
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Claudia Schrag
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Edith Faessler
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Ondrej Smid
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Michal Otáhal
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Marco Maggiorini
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Pedro D Wendel Garcia
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Paul Jaubert
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Jade M Cole
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Miroslav Solar
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Ola Borgquist
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Christoph Leithner
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Samia Abed-Maillard
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Leanlove Navarra
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Martin Annborn
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Johan Undén
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Iole Brunetti
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Akil Awad
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Peter McGuigan
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Roy Bjørkholt Olsen
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Tiziano Cassina
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Philippe Vignon
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Halvor Langeland
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Theis Lange
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Hans Friberg
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
| | - Niklas Nielsen
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Cardiology (J. Dankiewicz, D.E.), Neurology (T. Cronberg, G.L.), and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (H. Levin, O.B.), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University and Clinical Studies Sweden - Forum South, Skåne University Hospital (S.U.), Lund; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, (J. Düring, S.S., H.F.); the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Sections of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (M.A., N.N.) and Clinical Sciences Helsingborg (N.N.), Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg; the Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lund, Hallands Hospital, Halmstad (J.U.); the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg (C.R., A. Lundin); the Department of Clinical Science and Education, Center for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm (P.N., J. Hollenberg, A.A.); and the Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Acute Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping (M.S.C.) - all in Sweden; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Center for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital (J.C.J.), and the Section of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (T.L.), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, the Department of Regional Health Research, the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (J.C.J.), the Research Center for Emergency Medicine, the Department of Clinical Medicine (H.K.), and the Department of Intensive Care (A.M.G., S.C.), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus - all in Denmark; Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff (M.P.W., M.P.G.M., J.M.C.), the Department of Intensive Care, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol (M.T., J. Bewley, K.S.), Essex Cardiothoracic Centre, Basildon (T.R.K., G.V.K.), Anglia Ruskin University School of Medicine, Chelmsford, Essex (T.R.K., G.V.K.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast (P.M.) - all in the United Kingdom; Neuroscience Critical Care Research Group and Adult Intensive Care Medicine Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois-Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne (M. Oddo, S.A.-M.), the Departments of Intensive Care Medicine (M.H.) and Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Inselspital (A. Levis), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, the Intensive Care Department, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen (C. Schrag, E.F.), the Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich (M.M., P.D.W.G.), and the Cardiac Anesthesia and Intensive Care Department, Instituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Lugano (T. Cassina) - all in Switzerland; Descartes University of Paris and Cochin University Hospital, Paris (A.C., P.J.), Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Dupuytren Teaching Hospital, Limoges (P.V.) - all in France; the 2nd Department of Medicine (J. Bělohlávek, O.S.), and the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (M. Otáhal), General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, the 1st Department of Internal Medicine-Cardioangiology, University Hospital Hradec Králové, and Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové (M. Solar) - all in the Czech Republic; the Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo (J. Hovdenes), the Department of Anesthesiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal (R.B.O.), the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, and the Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim (H. Langeland) - all in Norway; the Division of Critical Care and Trauma, George Institute for Global Health, and Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, South Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney (M. Saxena), and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine (G.M.E., A.D.N.), and the Department of Intensive Care, Alfred Health (A.D.N.), Monash University, Melbourne - all in Australia; the Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington (P.J.Y., L.N.); the Departments of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (P.P.) and Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience (P.P., I.B.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; the Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care (C. Storm), and Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie (C.L.), Charité Universitätzmedizin, Berlin, Germany; the Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (F.S.T.); the Division of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (M.J.); the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh (C.C.); and University College Dublin Clinical Research Centre at St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland (A.D.N.)
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