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Tournois L, Trousset V, Hatsch D, Delabarde T, Ludes B, Lefèvre T. Artificial intelligence in the practice of forensic medicine: a scoping review. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:1023-1037. [PMID: 38087052 PMCID: PMC11003914 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Forensic medicine is a thriving application field for artificial intelligence (AI). Indeed, AI applications intended to forensic pathologists or forensic physicians have emerged since the last decade. For example, AI models were developed to help estimate the biological age of migrants or human remains. However, the uses of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians and their levels of integration in medicolegal practices are not well described yet. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. This review included articles that mention any AI application used by forensic pathologists or physicians in practice or any AI model applied in one expertise field of the forensic pathologist or physician. Articles in other languages than English or French or dealing mainly with complementary analyses handled by experts who are not forensic pathologists or physicians or with AI to analyze data for research purposes in forensic medicine were excluded from this review. All the relevant information was retrieved in each article from a grid analysis derived and adapted from the TRIPOD checklist. This review included 35 articles and revealed that AI applications are developed in thanatology and in clinical forensic medicine. However, those applications seem to mainly remain in research and development stages. Indeed, the use of AI applications by forensic pathologists or physicians is not actual due to issues discussed in this article. Finally, the integration of AI in daily medicolegal practice involves not only forensic pathologists or physicians but also legal professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Tournois
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8045, 75006, Paris, France.
- BioSilicium, Riom, France.
| | - Victor Trousset
- IRIS Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Sur Les Enjeux Sociaux, UMR8156 CNRS - U997 Inserm - EHESS - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, Bondy, France
| | | | - Tania Delabarde
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8045, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8045, 75006, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lefèvre
- IRIS Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire Sur Les Enjeux Sociaux, UMR8156 CNRS - U997 Inserm - EHESS - Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
- Department of Forensic and Social Medicine, AP-HP, Jean Verdier Hospital, Bondy, France
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2
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Ludes B, Alcouffe A, Tupikova I, Gérard P, Tchérémissinoff Y, Ribéron A, Guilaine J, Beeching A, Crubézy E. A ritual murder shaped the Early and Middle Neolithic across Central and Southern Europe. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl3374. [PMID: 38598622 PMCID: PMC11006212 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
In the Rhône Valley's Middle Neolithic gathering site of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux (France), the positioning of two females within a structure aligned with the solstices is atypical. Their placement (back and prone) under the overhang of a silo in front of a third in a central position suggests a ritualized form of homicidal ligature strangulation. The first occurrence dates back to the Mesolithic, and it is from the Early Neolithic of Central Europe that the practice expands, becoming a sacrificial rite associated with an agricultural context in the Middle Neolithic. Examining 20 cases from 14 sites spanning nearly two millennia from Eastern Europe to Catalonia reveals the evolution of this ritual murder practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Ludes
- UMR 8043, IFRAE, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris 75012, France
| | - Ameline Alcouffe
- UMR 5288, CAGT, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, Toulouse 31073, France
| | | | - Patrice Gérard
- UMR 5288, CAGT, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, Toulouse 31073, France
| | - Yaramila Tchérémissinoff
- UMR 7269, LAMPEA, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Aix-en-Provence 13094, France
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives INRAP, Nîmes 30900, France
| | - Alexandre Ribéron
- UMR 5174, EDB, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse 31062, France
| | | | - Alain Beeching
- UMR 5133, Archéorient, Université Lumière Lyon 2, Lyon 69007, France
| | - Eric Crubézy
- UMR 5288, CAGT, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, CNRS, Toulouse 31073, France
- Institut Universitaire de France IUF, Paris 75231, France
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3
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Tournois L, Hatsch D, Ludes B, Delabarde T. Automatic detection and identification of diatoms in complex background for suspected drowning cases through object detection models. Int J Legal Med 2024; 138:659-670. [PMID: 37804333 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-03096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult tasks in forensic medicine. The diatom test is a complementary analysis method that may help the forensic pathologist in the diagnosis of drowning and the localization of the drowning site. This test consists in detecting or identifying diatoms, unicellular algae, in tissue and water samples. In order to observe diatoms under light microscopy, those samples may be digested by enzymes such as proteinase K. However, this digestion method may leave high amounts of debris, leading thus to a difficult detection and identification of diatoms. To the best of our knowledge, no model is proved to detect and identify accurately diatom species observed in highly complex backgrounds under light microscopy. Therefore, a novel method of model development for diatom detection and identification in a forensic context, based on sequential transfer learning of object detection models, is proposed in this article. The best resulting models are able to detect and identify up to 50 species of forensically relevant diatoms with an average precision and an average recall ranging from 0.7 to 1 depending on the concerned species. The models were developed by sequential transfer learning and globally outperformed those developed by traditional transfer learning. The best model of diatom species identification is expected to be used in routine at the Medicolegal Institute of Paris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Tournois
- UMR 8045 BABEL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France.
- BioSilicium, Riom, France.
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- UMR 8045 BABEL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- UMR 8045 BABEL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75012, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
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Dufayet L, Langrand J, Ludes B. Risk of occupational infection in forensic workers: a review. Forensic Sci Res 2023; 8:1-4. [PMID: 37415800 PMCID: PMC10265965 DOI: 10.1093/fsr/owad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The occupational risk of infection in forensic workers is a cause for concern, furthermore in the current context of the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. In order to characterize this risk, we performed an extended review of the literature on occupational infections occurring in forensic workers. Seventeen articles were included. Direct contamination by aerosolization was the main mode of transmission reported, with 17 cases of tuberculosis. Indirect contamination was described as the mode of transmission in 10 cases (five cases of blastomycosis, two cases of tuberculosis, two Streptococcus pyogenes, and one case of human immunodeficiency virus). In all the other included cases, the mode of transmission was unknown. For two of them, the information provided was sufficient to link them to occupational exposure (one case of toxoplasmosis, one case of tuberculosis). For the remaining 10 cases, the link was uncertain (six cases of tuberculosis, three of hepatitis B, and one of COVID-19). Even if there is probably significant under-declaration, the number of infections linked to an occupational risk in forensic workers is not alarming, thanks to effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Langrand
- Centre AntiPoison de Paris, Fédération de Toxicologie, APHP - Hôpital Fernand Widal, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris-CNRS UMR 8045 Babel, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal, 75012, Paris, France
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Lascarrou JB, Dumas F, Bougouin W, Legriel S, Aissaoui N, Deye N, Beganton F, Lamhaut L, Jost D, Vieillard-Baron A, Nichol G, Marijon E, Jouven X, Cariou A, Agostinucci J, Aissaoui-Balanant N, Algalarrondo V, Alla F, Alonso C, Amara W, Annane D, Antoine C, Aubry P, Azoulay E, Beganton F, Billon C, Bougouin W, Boutet J, Bruel C, Bruneval P, Cariou A, Carli P, Casalino E, Cerf C, Chaib A, Cholley B, Cohen Y, Combes A, Coulaud J, Da Silva D, Das V, Demoule A, Denjoy I, Deye N, Diehl J, Dinanian S, Domanski L, Dreyfuss D, Dubois-Rande J, Dumas F, Duranteau J, Empana J, Extramiana F, Fagon J, Fartoukh M, Fieux F, Gandjbakhch E, Geri G, Guidet B, Halimi F, Henry P, Jabre P, Joseph L, Jost D, Jouven X, Karam N, Lacotte J, Lahlou-Laforet K, Lamhaut L, Lanceleur A, Langeron O, Lavergne T, Lecarpentier E, Leenhardt A, Lellouche N, Lemiale V, Lemoine F, Linval F, Loeb T, Ludes B, Luyt C, Mansencal N, Mansouri N, Marijon E, Maury E, Maxime V, Megarbane B, Mekontso-Dessap A, Mentec H, Mira J, Monnet X, Narayanan K, Ngoyi N, Perier M, Piot O, Plaisance P, Plaud B, Plu I, Raphalen J, Raux M, Revaux F, Ricard J, Richard C, Riou B, Roussin F, Santoli F, Schortgen F, Sharshar T, Sideris G, Spaulding C, Teboul J, Timsit J, Tourtier J, Tuppin P, Ursat C, Varenne O, Vieillard-Baron A, Voicu S, Wahbi K, Waldmann V. Differential Effect of Targeted Temperature Management Between 32 °C and 36 °C Following Cardiac Arrest According to Initial Severity of Illness: Insights From Two International Data Sets. Chest 2022; 163:1120-1129. [PMID: 36445800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent guidelines have emphasized actively avoiding fever to improve outcomes in patients who are comatose following resuscitation from cardiac arrest (ie, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest). However, whether targeted temperature management between 32 °C and 36 °C (TTM32-36) can improve neurologic outcome in some patients remains debated. RESEARCH QUESTION Is there an association between the use of TTM32-36 and outcome according to severity assessed at ICU admission using a previously derived risk score? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data prospectively collected in the Sudden Death Expertise Center (SDEC) registry (France) between May 2011 and December 2017 and in the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Continuous Chest Compressions (ROC-CCC) trial (United States and Canada) between June 2011 and May 2015 were used for this study. Severity at ICU admission was assessed through a modified version of the Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis (mCAHP) score, divided into tertiles of severity. The study explored associations between TTM32-36 and favorable neurologic status at hospital discharge by using multiple logistic regression as well as in tertiles of severity for each data set. RESULTS A total of 2,723 patients were analyzed in the SDEC data set and 4,202 patients in the ROC-CCC data set. A favorable neurologic status at hospital discharge occurred in 728 (27%) patients in the French data set and in 1,239 (29%) patients in the North American data set. Among the French data set, TTM32-36 was independently associated with better neurologic outcome in the tertile of patients with low (adjusted OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.15-2.30; P = .006) and high (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.06-3.54; P = .030) severity according to mCAHP at ICU admission. Similar results were observed in the North American data set (adjusted ORs of 1.36 [95% CI, 1.05-1.75; P = .020] and 2.42 [95% CI, 1.38-4.24; P = .002], respectively). No association was observed between TTM32-36 and outcome in the moderate groups of the two data sets. INTERPRETATION TTM32-36 was significantly associated with a better outcome in patients with low and high severity at ICU admission assessed according to the mCAHP score. Further studies are needed to evaluate individualized temperature control following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Baptiste Lascarrou
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; Médecine Intensive Réanimation, University Hospital Center, Nantes, France; AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France.
| | - Florence Dumas
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; Emergency Department, Cochin University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Hopital Privé Jacques Cartier, Massy, France
| | - Stephane Legriel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Mignot Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Nadia Aissaoui
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP) and University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deye
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière University Hospital, INSERM U942, Paris, France
| | | | - Lionel Lamhaut
- AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; SAMU de Paris-DAR Necker University Hospital-Assistance, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Jost
- Brigade des Sapeurs-Pompiers de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Vieillard-Baron
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Graham Nichol
- University of Washington-Harborview Center for Prehospital Emergency Care, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France
| | | | - Alain Cariou
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; AfterROSC Network Group, Paris, France; Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital (APHP) and University of Paris, Paris, France
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Dufayet L, Deveaux M, Chèze M, Charuel L, Ludes B, Fortel I, Lorin de la Grandmaison G, Mayer C, Alvarez JC, Langrand J. Décès préhospitaliers liés au fentanyl et ses analogues en Île-de-France : données du dispositif de surveillance des Décès Toxiques en Île-de-France (DCTOX-IdF). Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Macoin E, Ameline A, Ludes B, Blanchot A, Farrugia A, Berthelon L, Kintz P, Walch A, Raul JS. Intérêt diagnostique du dosage du strontium sanguin en cas de noyade en eau douce. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Richard ME, Delabarde T, Hmeydia G, Provost C, de Jong L, Hamza L, Meder JF, Oppenheim C, Ludes B, Benzakoun J. Validation of a post-mortem computed tomography method for age estimation based on the 4th rib in a French population. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:833-839. [PMID: 35230486 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Age estimation is a key factor for identification procedure in forensic context. Based on anthropological findings, degenerative changes of the sternal extremity of the 4th rib are currently used for age estimation. These have been adapted to post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). The aim of this study was to validate a post-mortem computed tomography method based on a revision of the Iscan's method on a French sample. A total of 250 PMCT (aged from 18-98 years (IQR 36-68 years, median 51 years); 68 (27%) females) from the Medicolegal Institute of Paris (MLIP) were analyzed by two radiologists. The sternal extremity of 4th right rib was scored using method adapted from Iscan et al. Weighted κ was used to evaluate intra- and inter-observer reliability and Spearman correlation was performed to evaluate relationship between age and score. Confidence intervals for individual prediction of age based on 4th rib score and sex were computed with bootstrapping. The intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were almost perfect (weighted κ = 0.85 [95%CI: 0.78-0.93] and 0.82 [95%CI 0.70-0.96] respectively). We confirmed a high correlation between the 4th rib score and subject age (rho = 0.72, p < 0.001), although the confidence intervals for individual age prediction were large, spanning over several decades. This study confirms the high reliability of Iscan method applied to PMCT for age estimation, although future multimodal age prediction techniques may help reducing the span of confidence intervals for individual age estimation.Trial registration: INDS 0,509,211,020, October 2020, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Edith Richard
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Université de Paris, UMR8045 BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ghazi Hmeydia
- Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Corentin Provost
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Laura de Jong
- Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Lilia Hamza
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meder
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris, UMR8045 BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- Université de Paris, Paris, France. .,Service de Neuroradiologie, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Institut de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences de Paris, INSERM UMR 1266, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France.
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Cecchi R, Cusack D, Ludes B, Madea B, Vieira DN, Keller E, Payne-James J, Sajantila A, Vali M, Zoia R, Cucurachi N, Schirripa ML, Marezza F, Anzillotti L, Donato L, Cattaneo C, Favretto D, Pelotti S, Pinchi V, Vanin S, Gherardi M. European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) on-site inspection forms for forensic pathology, anthropology, odontology, genetics, entomology and toxicology for forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation: the Parma form. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:1037-1049. [PMID: 35013768 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02734-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Further to a previous publication by the European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) concerning on-site forensic and medico-legal scene and corpse investigation, this publication provides guidance for forensic medical specialists, pathologists and, where present, coroners' activity at a scene of death inspection and to harmonize the procedures for a correct search, detection, collection, sampling and storage of all elements which may be useful as evidence, and ensure documentation of all these steps. This ECLM's inspection form provides a checklist to be used on-site for the investigation of a corpse present at a crime or suspicious death scene. It permits the collection of all relevant data not only for the pathologist, but also for forensic anthropologists, odontologists, geneticists, entomologists and toxicologists, thus supporting a collaborative work approach. Detailed instructions for the completion of forms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cecchi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy. .,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - D Cusack
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland and Coroner's District of Kildare, Dublin, Ireland
| | - B Ludes
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Institut Médico-Légal and Institut National de La Transfusion Sanguigne, Paris, France
| | - B Madea
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D N Vieira
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - E Keller
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Payne-James
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - A Sajantila
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland and Forensic Medicine Unit, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vali
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of the Estonian Bureau of Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - R Zoia
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for the Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - N Cucurachi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - M L Schirripa
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - F Marezza
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Anzillotti
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Donato
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C Cattaneo
- European Council of Legal Medicine Board, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for the Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - D Favretto
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - S Pelotti
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Pinchi
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, Florence, Italy
| | - S Vanin
- Italian Anthropology, Toxicology, Genetics and Entomology Groups, Villasimius, Italy.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Gherardi
- Institute of Legal Medicine of Parma Working Group, Parma, Italy.,Department of Prevention of the Local Health Authority, Aosta, Italy
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Crubézy E, Duchesne S, Razafindrazaka H, Romanova L, Gérard P, Alcouffe A, Esclassan R, Melnichuk O, Ushnitsky I, Ludes B, Telmon N, Tegel W, Dabernat H, Zvenigorosky V, Prados-Frutos JC. Sucrose Is Not the Whole Story: Risk Factors and Oral Health at the Contact (Yakutia, Siberia-16th/19th). Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10100974. [PMID: 34681073 PMCID: PMC8533550 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We have studied the dental epidemiology of 96 frozen bodies from north-eastern Siberia (Yakuts) before and after the contact—with an accurate chronology–between Autochthonous and European populations. The peculiarities of the Yakut population are the rarity of cavities and the relative frequency of dental pathologies leading to death. Dental health evolves only two centuries after the contact; assimilation into the Russian Orthodox culture has decreased tooth wear and increased tooth loss. A comparison with historical data suggests that this evolution is not linked to the increasing importance of sucrose, but to the combined action of the substitution of dendrophagia with cereal flour; a decrease in immunity associated with the development of chronic infectious diseases; smoking as well as the mandibular torus: a risk factor favoring apical cysts. Abstract (1) Background: contact between indigenous and European populations has often resulted in changes in oral health attributed to the introduction of sucrose. Most studies are per tooth over considerable periods and with few ethnological references. (2) Aim: dental epidemiology of 96 autochthonous frozen bodies from Yakutia between the early 17th century and the late 19th century; comparisons with historical texts and ethnographic data. (3) Material and methods: we use descriptive statistics and discriminant factorial analyses to identify dominant variables in the dataset and compare periods and subjects, considering all variables. (4) Results: the peculiarities of the population are the rarity of cavities and the relative frequency of dental pathologies leading to death. Assimilation into the Russian Orthodox culture has led to decreased tooth wear and an increase in tooth loss. Dental health evolves only two centuries after the contact. (5) Conclusions: the confrontation with historical data suggests that changes are not related to the growing importance of sucrose but to a combined action: the substitution of dendrophagy by cereal flour; the decrease in immunity linked to the development of chronic infectious diseases; tobacco addiction and the mandibular torus: a risk factor promoting apical cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Crubézy
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.C.P.-F.)
| | - Sylvie Duchesne
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Institut National de Recherches Archéologiques Préventives (INRAP), 13 Rue du Négoce, 31650 Saint-Orens-de-Gameville, France
| | | | - Liubomira Romanova
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Modern Languages and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Patrice Gérard
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
| | - Ameline Alcouffe
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Rémi Esclassan
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Olga Melnichuk
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- Institute of Modern Languages and Regional Studies, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Innokenty Ushnitsky
- Medical Institute of the North-Eastern Federal University, Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinskogo Street, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia;
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- BABEL, CNRS UMR 2029, Université Paris V Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Norbert Telmon
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Willy Tegel
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Henri Dabernat
- Centre d’Anthropobiologie et de Génomique de Toulouse, Faculté de Médecine Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 37 Allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France; (S.D.); (P.G.); (A.A.); (R.E.); (N.T.); (H.D.)
| | - Vincent Zvenigorosky
- Laboratoire International Associé CNRS/Fédération de Russie COSIE, 31073 Toulouse, France; (L.R.); (O.M.); (B.L.); (V.Z.)
- BABEL, CNRS UMR 2029, Université Paris V Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Juan Carlos Prados-Frutos
- Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health (Forensic and Legal Medicine Area), Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28933 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (J.C.P.-F.)
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11
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Waldmann V, Karam N, Gaye B, Bougouin W, Dumas F, Sharifzadehgan A, Narayanan K, Kassim H, Beganton F, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Loeb T, Adnet F, Agostinucci JM, Deltour S, Revaux F, Ludes B, Voicu S, Megarbane B, Jabre P, Cariou A, Marijon E, Jouven X. Temporal Trends of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Without Resuscitation Attempt by Emergency Medical Services. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2021; 14:e006626. [PMID: 33706541 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant improvements in survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been reported; however, these are based only on data from OHCA in whom resuscitation is initiated by emergency medical services (EMS). We aimed to assess the characteristics and temporal trends of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS. METHODS Prospective population-based study between 2011 and 2016 in the Greater Paris area (6.7 million inhabitants). All cases of OHCA were included in collaboration with EMS units, 48 different hospitals, and forensic units. RESULTS Among 15 207 OHCA (mean age 70.7±16.9 years, 61.6% male), 5486 (36.1%) had no resuscitation attempt by EMS. Factors that were independently associated with increase in likelihood of no resuscitation attempt included: age of patients (odds ratio, 1.06 per year [95% CI, 1.05-1.06], P<0.001), female sex (odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.10-1.32], P=0.002), OHCA at home location (odds ratio, 3.38 [95%CI, 2.86-4.01], P<0.001), and absence of bystander (odds ratio, 1.94 [95% CI, 1.74-2.16], P<0.001). Overall, the annual number of OHCA increased by 9.1% (from 2923 to 3189, P=0.028). This increase was related to an increase of the annual number of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS by 26.3% (from 993 to 1253, P=0.012), while the annual number of OHCA with resuscitation attempt by EMS did not significantly change (from 1930 to 1936, P=0.416). Considering only cases with resuscitation attempt, survival rate at hospital discharge increased (from 7.3% to 9.5%, P=0.02). However, when considering all OHCA, survival improvement did not reach statistical significance (from 4.8% to 5.7%, P=0.17). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated an increase of the total number of OHCA related to an increase of the number of OHCA without resuscitation attempt by EMS. This increasing proportion of OHCA without resuscitation attempt attenuates improvement in survival rates achieved in EMS-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Waldmann
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., A.S., E.M., X.J.).,Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Nicole Karam
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., A.S., E.M., X.J.).,Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Bamba Gaye
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital privé Jacques Cartier, Intensive Care Unit, Massy, France (W.B.)
| | - Florence Dumas
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Emergency Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France (F.D.)
| | - Ardalan Sharifzadehgan
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., A.S., E.M., X.J.).,Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Cardiology Department, Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, India (K.N.)
| | - Haoiinda Kassim
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Frankie Beganton
- Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital privé Jacques Cartier, Intensive Care Unit, Massy, France (W.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandrine Deltour
- Cerebrovascular Unit, La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France (S.D.)
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Cerebrovascular Unit, La Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France (S.D.)
| | - Sebastian Voicu
- Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (S.V., B.M.)
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Intensive Care Unit, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France (S.V., B.M.)
| | | | - Alain Cariou
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France (A.C.)
| | - Eloi Marijon
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., A.S., E.M., X.J.).,Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
| | - Xavier Jouven
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., A.S., E.M., X.J.).,Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., K.N., H.K., F.B., A.C., E.M., X.J.).,Paris University, France (V.W., N.K., B.G., W.B., F.D., A.S., B.L., A.C., E.M., X.J.)
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13
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Tracqui A, Deguette C, Delabarde T, Delannoy Y, Plu I, Sec I, Hamza L, Taccoen M, Ludes B. An overview of forensic operations performed following the terrorist attacks on November 13, 2015, in Paris. Forensic Sci Res 2020; 5:202-207. [PMID: 33209503 PMCID: PMC7646576 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1811487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On the evening of November 13, 2015, the city of Paris and its surroundings was hit by a series of attacks committed by terrorist groups, using firearms and explosives. The final toll was 140 people deceased (130 victims and 10 terrorists or their relatives) and more than 413 injured, making these attacks the worst mass killings ever recorded in Paris in peacetime. This article presents the forensic operations carried out at the Medicolegal Institute of Paris (MLIP) following these attacks. A total of 68 autopsies of bodies or body fragments and 83 external examinations were performed within 7 days, and the overall forensic operations (including formal identification of the latest victims) were completed 10 days after the attacks. Over this period, 156 body presentations (some bodies were presented several times) were provided to families or relatives. Regarding the 130 civilian casualties, 129 died from firearm wounds and one died from blast injuries after an explosion. Of the 10 terrorists or their relatives who were killed, eight died from suicide bombing, one was shot by police and one died from crush injuries due to partial collapse of a building following the police raid against a terrorist’s hideout after the attacks. All mass shootings were perpetrated with AK-47 or Zastava M70 assault rifles using 7.62 mm × 39 mm cartridges. In the case of ballistic injuries, death was most often obviously caused by craniocerebral injuries, extensive organ lacerations and/or massive haemorrhage. Among the terrorists killed by bombing, the lesion patterns were body transection, multiple amputations, extreme organ lacerations and the presence of foreign bodies owing to the shrapnel load (steel nuts, glass fragments) or the explosive charge fastening system of the devices. This discussion highlights the particular difficulties of interpretation encountered within the framework of ballistic injuries, a conclusion that should lead to a modest and realistic approach in these exceptional situations where forensic operations involve a very large number of victims in a constrained time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tracqui
- Medico-Legal Institute of Besançon, Saint-Jacques Hospital, Besançon, France.,Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Céline Deguette
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Forensic Medical Emergency Service, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Yann Delannoy
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Medico-Legal Institute of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sec
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Forensic Medical Emergency Service, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Lilia Hamza
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France
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14
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de Jong LW, Legrand L, Delabarde T, Hmeydia G, Edjlali M, Hamza L, Benzakoun J, Oppenheim C, Ludes B, Meder JF. Experience with postmortem computed tomography in the forensic analysis of the November 2015 Paris attacks. Forensic Sci Res 2020; 5:242-247. [PMID: 33209509 PMCID: PMC7646581 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1802686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura W de Jong
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Legrand
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ghazi Hmeydia
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Myriam Edjlali
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lilia Hamza
- Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Service d'Accueil des Urgences, Hôpital Avicenne, Bobigny, France
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Oppenheim
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meder
- Department of Neuroradiology, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Sainte-Anne Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Inserm U1266, IMA-Brain, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Abstract
The terrorist attacks of November 2015 led to the immediate death of 129 victims admitted to the Legal and Forensic Medicine Institute of Paris, including 41 unidentified. During the Disaster Victim Identification (DVI) operations, 22 bodies were examined by the postmortem (PM) dental team with the aim of establishing PM odontograms. At the same time, the dental expert in the antemortem (AM) unit collected a large number of dental files, progressively filtered as the list of missing persons became reduced. Feedback from these events has highlighted the difficulties of implementing the DVI chain principles in a legal framework, published the day before the attacks, and also the technical complexity of collecting dental data on a week end of terror. The return on experience after this event has represented a paradigm shift on previous methods of DVI in Paris and even more in France. Indeed, the victim identification procedure was redesigned, integrating new technical means such as a CT scan directly on spot, allowing the extraction of maxillofacial data as soon as possible in order to support the PM dental examination team. Moreover, the National Dental Council proceeded to the overall remodeling of the dental identification unit, which is composed of trained members, from local, regional and national aspects. These forensic experts are dedicated, at the request of the legal authorities, to DVI operations and deployed throughout the country capable of managing AM and PM data. This unit aims also to share experiences and awareness-raising among health professionals and investigators in order to optimize a better submission of AM elements and also to enhance the major interest of odontology as a primary identifier in disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rufino Felizardo
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Abstract
Terrorist attacks have been on the rise. During the recent terrorist attacks in France, terrorists perpetrated their acts using weapons of war, as well as explosive charges. These two modes of action, when combined, can create skin lesions with similar macroscopic appearances, which can sometimes go unnoticed because of body fragmentation. A total of 68 autopsies, 83 external examinations, 140 standard radiographic examinations, and 49 computed tomography (CT) scans were performed over 7 days during the 2015 terrorist attacks in France. Bodies were injured by firearms and shrapnel-like projectiles. We analysed the clinical findings for the secondary blast cutaneous lesions from the explosive devices and compared these lesions with ballistic-related lesions to highlight that patterns can be macroscopically similar on external examination. Secondary blast injuries are characterised by penetrating trauma associated with materials added to explosive systems that are propelled by explosive air movement. These injuries are caused most often by small, shrapnel-like metallic objects, such as nails and bolts. Propulsion causes ballistic-type injuries that must be recognised and distinguished from those caused by firearm projectiles. Differentiating between these lesions is very difficult when using conventional criteria (size, shape, number and distribution on the body) with only external examination of corpses. This is why the particularities of these lesions must be further illustrated and then confirmed by complete autopsies and radiological and anatomopathological examinations.Key points When occurring simultaneously in terrorist attacks, injuries caused by secondary blasts appear as cutaneous wound patterns that can be macroscopically very similar to those caused by firearm projectiles. The criteria usually found in the literature for distinguishing these two types of projectiles may be difficult to use. It is important in these difficult situations to benefit from systematic postmortem imaging. Systematic autopsy and then anatomopathological analyses of the orifices also help determine the cause of the wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Delannoy
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,CHU de LILLE, Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sec
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Médico Judiciaire, Hôtel Dieu, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris University, CNRS FRE 2029, Paris, France
| | | | - Antoine Tracqui
- Service de médecine légale, CHRU Besançon-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Besançon, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Paris University, CNRS FRE 2029, Paris, France
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Benzakoun J, Hmeydia G, Delabarde T, Hamza L, Meder JF, Ludes B, Mebazaa A. Excess out-of-hospital deaths during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence of pulmonary embolism as a main determinant. Eur J Heart Fail 2020; 22:1046-1047. [PMID: 32463538 PMCID: PMC7283748 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Benzakoun
- Service d'Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, GHU Paris, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ghazi Hmeydia
- Service d'Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, GHU Paris, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tania Delabarde
- Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Lilia Hamza
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Meder
- Service d'Imagerie Morphologique et Fonctionnelle, GHU Paris, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1266, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Pôle Universitaire d'Imagerie Post-Mortem, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, AP-HP, Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals; FHU PROMICE, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S 942, Paris, France
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18
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Gonzalez A, Cannet C, Zvénigorosky V, Geraut A, Koch G, Delabarde T, Ludes B, Raul JS, Keyser C. The petrous bone: Ideal substrate in legal medicine? Forensic Sci Int Genet 2020; 47:102305. [PMID: 32446165 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, palaeogenomic studies of the petrous bone (the densest part of the temporal bone) have shown that it is a source of DNA in both larger quantities and of better quality than other bones. This dense bone around the otic capsule has therefore been called the choice substrate in palaeogenomics. Because the practice of forensic genetics responds to different imperatives, we implemented a study aimed at (i) understanding how and why the petrous bone is an advantageous substrate in ancient DNA studies and (ii) establishing whether it is advantageous in forensic STR typing. We selected 50 individual skeletal remains and extracted DNA from one tooth and one petrous bone from each. We then amplified 24 STR markers commonly used in forensic identification and compared the quality of that amplification using the RFU intensities of the signal as read on the STR profiles. We also performed histological analyses to compare (i) the microscopic structure of a petrous bone and of a tooth and (ii) the microscopic structure of fresh petrous bone and of an archaeological or forensic sample. We show that the RFU intensities read on STR profiles are systematically higher in experiments using DNA extracted from petrous bones rather than teeth. For this reason, we were more likely to obtain a complete STR profile from petrous bone material, increasing the chance of identification in a forensic setting. Histological analyses revealed peculiar microstructural characteristics (tissue organization), unique to the petrous bone, that might explain the good preservation of DNA in that substrate. Therefore, it appears that despite the necessity of analysing longer fragments in forensic STR typing compared to NGS palaeogenomics, the use of petrous bones in forensic genetics could prove valuable, especially in cases involving infants, toothless individuals or very degraded skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angéla Gonzalez
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France.
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France.
| | - Vincent Zvénigorosky
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France; CNRS, FRE2029-BABEL, Université Paris Descartes, France.
| | - Annie Geraut
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France.
| | - Guillaume Koch
- Institut d'Anatomie Normale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France.
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- CNRS, FRE2029-BABEL, Université Paris Descartes, France; Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Raul
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France.
| | - Christine Keyser
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, France; CNRS, FRE2029-BABEL, Université Paris Descartes, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.
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19
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Zvénigorosky V, Sabbagh A, Gonzalez A, Fausser JL, Palstra F, Romanov G, Solovyev A, Barashkov N, Fedorova S, Crubézy É, Ludes B, Keyser C. The limitations of kinship determinations using STR data in ill-defined populations. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1981-1990. [PMID: 32318826 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The likelihood ratio (LR) method is commonly used to determine kinship in civil, criminal, or forensic cases. For the past 15 years, our research group has also applied LR to ancient STR data and obtained kinship results for collections of graves or necropolises. Although we were able to reconstruct large genealogies, some pairs of individuals showed ambiguous results. Second-degree relationships, half-sibling pairs for example, were often inconsistent with detected first-degree relationships, such as parent/child or brother/sister pairs. We therefore set about providing empirical estimations of the error rates for the LR method in living populations with STR allelic diversities comparable to that of the ancient populations we had previously studied. We collected biological samples in the field in North-Eastern Siberia and West Africa and studied more than 800 pairs of STR profiles from individuals with known relationships. Because commercial STR panels were constructed for specific regions (namely Europe and North America), their allelic makeup showed a significant deficit in diversity when compared to European populations, replicating a situation often faced in ancient DNA studies. We assessed the capacity of the LR method to confirm known relationships (effectiveness) and its capacity to detect those relationships (reliability). Concerns over the effectiveness of LR determinations are mostly an issue in forensic studies, while the reliability of the detection of kinship is an issue for the study of necropolises or other large gatherings of unidentified individuals, such as disaster victims or mass graves. We show that the application of LR to both test populations highlights specific issues (both false positives and false negatives) that prevent the confirmation of second-degree kinship or even full siblingship in small populations. Up to 29% of detected full sibling relationships were either overestimated half-sibling relationships or underestimated parent-offspring relationships. The error rate for detected half-sibling relationships was even higher, reaching 41%. Only parent-offspring pairs were reliably detected or confirmed. This implies that, in populations that are small, ill-defined, or for which the STR loci analyzed are inappropriate, an examiner might not be able to distinguish a pair of full siblings from a pair of half-siblings. Furthermore, half-sibling pairs might be overlooked altogether, an issue that is exacerbated by the common confusion, in many languages and cultures, between half-siblings and full siblings. Consequently, in the study of ancient populations, human remains of unknown origins, or poorly surveyed modern populations, we recommend a conservative approach to kinship determined by LR. Next-generation sequencing data should be used when possible, but the costs and technology involved might be prohibitive. Therefore, in potentially contentious situations or cases lacking sufficient external information, uniparental markers should be analyzed: ideally, complete mitochondrial genomes and Y-chromosome haplotypes (STR, SNP, and/or sequencing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Zvénigorosky
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,Strasbourg Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 261 MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Friso Palstra
- UMR 261 MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Georgii Romanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Aisen Solovyev
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Institute for Humanitarian Studies and Problems of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Nikolay Barashkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Sardana Fedorova
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Science-Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic, Russia
| | - Éric Crubézy
- CNRS UMR 5288 AMIS, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Christine Keyser
- CNRS FRE 2029-BABEL,, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Strasbourg Institute of Legal Medicine, Strasbourg, France
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20
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Dufayet L, Gorgiard C, Vayssette F, Barbet JP, Hoizey G, Ludes B. Death of an apprentice bodybuilder following 2,4-dinitrophenol and clenbuterol intake. Int J Legal Med 2020; 134:1003-1006. [PMID: 32125503 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 17-year-old man, who died after 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and clenbuterol consumption, which he likely took for physical enhancement. Forensic post-mortem examination revealed a yellowish skin colour and nonspecific signs of asphyxia. Analytical confirmation of the intoxication was obtained in blood and urine, with high levels of DNP and clenbuterol. Both of these substances are used by bodybuilders as DNP enhance lipolysis and clenbuterol has anabolic properties, but their toxicity is underestimated. DNP uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, leading to thermogenesis and even relatively small doses can cause fatal hyperthermia. Clenbuterol is a β2 agonist that causes electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia and hyperglycemia mostly) and death have been described through coronary vasospasm. Given the circumstances in which the body was found and toxicological results, we believe the cause of death to be fatal hyperthermia from DNP intake. These substances are illegal in many countries, but easily bought online. Through this availability, the last decades have seen an increase of fatal intoxications. Websites selling them are regularly closed by French public authorities and Interpol, but unfortunately it seems insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dufayet
- Unité Médico-Judiciaire, APHP Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France.
- Centre antipoison de Paris, Fédération de toxicologie Fetox, APHP Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France.
| | - C Gorgiard
- Unité Médico-Judiciaire, APHP Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, Paris, France
- Institut Médico-Légal, Paris, France
| | | | - J P Barbet
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, APHP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - G Hoizey
- Laboratoire TOXLAB, Paris, France
| | - B Ludes
- Institut Médico-Légal, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, BABEL, CNRS, F-75012, Paris, France
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21
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Delabarde T, Reynolds M, Decourcelle M, Pascaretti-Grizon F, Ludes B. Skull fractures in forensic putrefied/skeletonised cases: The challenge of estimating the post-traumatic interval. Morphologie 2020; 104:27-37. [PMID: 32046898 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of our study was to assess the reliability of the estimation of posttraumatic survival time (PTST) in forensic cases based on microCT and histology of putrefied/dry bone samples with comparison of initial macroscopic fracture classification performed during autopsy. Macroscopic morphological patterns of bone fracture are routinely used in forensic pathology and anthropology to distinguish between antemortem, perimortem and postmortem injuries. Based on macroscopic and microscopic analysis of six craniofacial fractures, our study results illustrate the need to complete macroscopical findings and initial fracture classification with microscopic analysis to avoid any inaccuracy. MicroCT has become a powerful technique to identify early bone healing signs but histology remains the gold standard to estimate the PTST and determine vital fracture based on hemorrhage marker. Raman microspectroscopy can identify a blood clot in the fracture line.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Delabarde
- Université de Paris, CNRS FRE2029, institut médico-légal, 2, place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France.
| | - M Reynolds
- Université de Paris, CNRS FRE2029, institut médico-légal, 2, place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - M Decourcelle
- Université de Paris, CNRS FRE2029, institut médico-légal, 2, place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - F Pascaretti-Grizon
- Université de Paris, CNRS FRE2029, institut médico-légal, 2, place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - B Ludes
- Université de Paris, CNRS FRE2029, institut médico-légal, 2, place Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
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22
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Waldmann V, Karam N, Rischard J, Bougouin W, Sharifzadehgan A, Dumas F, Narayanan K, Sideris G, Voicu S, Gandjbakhch E, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Ludes B, Plu I, Beganton F, Wahbi K, Varenne O, Megarbane B, Algalarrondo V, Extramiana F, Lellouche N, Celermajer DS, Spaulding C, Lafont A, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. Low rates of immediate coronary angiography among young adults resuscitated from sudden cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2020; 147:34-42. [PMID: 31857140 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Coronary artery disease (CAD) has recently been emphasized as a major cause of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in young adults. We aim to assess the rate of immediate coronary angiography performance in young patients resuscitated from SCA. METHODS From May 2011 to May 2017, all cases of out-of-hospital SCA aged 18-40 years alive at hospital admission were prospectively included in 48 hospitals of the Great Paris area. Cardiovascular causes of SCA were centrally adjudicated, and management including immediate coronary angiography performance was assessed. RESULTS Out of 3579 SCA admitted alive, 409 (11.4%) patients were under 40 years of age (32.3 ± 6.2 years, 69.7% males), with 244 patients having a definite cause identified. Among those, CAD accounted for 72 (29.5%) cases, of which 64 (88.9%) were acute coronary syndromes. The rate of immediate coronary angiography was only 41.7% compared to 65.1% among those ≥40-years (P < 0.001). During the study period, while the rate of immediate coronary angiography increased from 60.5% to 70.3% (P < 0.001) in patients aged ≥40 years, the rate in patients aged less than 40 years remained stable (43.5% to 45.3%, P = 0.795). Patients younger than 40 years were significantly less likely to undergo immediate coronary angiography (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.25-0.47), although early angiography was associated with survival at hospital discharge (OR = 2.68, 95% CI: 1.21-6.00). CONCLUSION CAD is the first cause of SCA in young adults aged less than 40 years. The observed low rates of immediate coronary angiography suggest a missed opportunity for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Waldmann
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Nicole Karam
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Julien Rischard
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France; Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital privé Jacques Cartier, Intensive Care Unit, Massy, France
| | - Ardalan Sharifzadehgan
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin-Hotel Hospital, Emergency Department, Paris, France
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Georgios Sideris
- AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Voicu
- AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Gandjbakhch
- AP-HP, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.), France
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Plu
- AP-HP, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, Anatomopathology Department, Paris, France
| | - Frankie Beganton
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Karim Wahbi
- Paris University, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Varenne
- Paris University, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- AP-HP, Lariboisière Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.), France; AP-HP, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Extramiana
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.), France; AP-HP, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lellouche
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.), France; AP-HP, Henri Mondor Hospital, Cardiology Department, Créteil, France
| | | | - Christian Spaulding
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Lafont
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France; AP-HP, Cochin Hospital, Intensive Care Unit, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- AP-HP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Cardiology Department, Paris, France; Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France; Paris University, Paris, France; Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.), France.
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23
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Bougouin W, Dumas F, Lamhaut L, Marijon E, Carli P, Combes A, Pirracchio R, Aissaoui N, Karam N, Deye N, Sideris G, Beganton F, Jost D, Cariou A, Jouven X, Adnet F, Agostinucci JM, Aissaoui-Balanant N, Algalarrondo V, Alla F, Alonso C, Amara W, Annane D, Antoine C, Aubry P, Azoulay E, Beganton F, Benhamou D, Billon C, Bougouin W, Boutet J, Bruel C, Bruneval P, Cariou A, Carli P, Casalino E, Cerf C, Chaib A, Cholley B, Cohen Y, Combes A, Crahes M, Da Silva D, Das V, Demoule A, Denjoy I, Deye N, Dhonneur G, Diehl JL, Dinanian S, Domanski L, Dreyfuss D, Duboc D, Dubois-Rande JL, Dumas F, Empana JP, Extramiana F, Fartoukh M, Fieux F, Gabbas M, Gandjbakhch E, Geri G, Guidet B, Halimi F, Henry P, Hidden Lucet F, Jabre P, Jacob L, Joseph L, Jost D, Jouven X, Karam N, Kassim H, Lacotte J, Lahlou-Laforet K, Lamhaut L, Lanceleur A, Langeron O, Lavergne T, Lecarpentier E, Leenhardt A, Lellouche N, Lemiale V, Lemoine F, Linval F, Loeb T, Ludes B, Luyt CE, Maltret A, Mansencal N, Mansouri N, Marijon E, Marty J, Maury E, Maxime V, Megarbane B, Mekontso-Dessap A, Mentec H, Mira JP, Monnet X, Narayanan K, Ngoyi N, Perier MC, Piot O, Pirracchio R, Plaisance P, Plu I, Raux M, Revaux F, Ricard JD, Richard C, Riou B, Roussin F, Santoli F, Schortgen F, Sharifzadehgan A, Sideris G, Spaulding C, Teboul JL, Timsit JF, Tourtier JP, Tuppin P, Ursat C, Varenne O, Vieillard-Baron A, Voicu S, Wahbi K, Waldmann V. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a registry study. Eur Heart J 2019; 41:1961-1971. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) despite conventional resuscitation is common and has poor outcomes. Adding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (extracorporeal-CPR) is increasingly used in an attempt to improve outcomes.
Methods and results
We analysed a prospective registry of 13 191 OHCAs in the Paris region from May 2011 to January 2018. We compared survival at hospital discharge with and without extracorporeal-CPR and identified factors associated with survival in patients given extracorporeal-CPR. Survival was 8% in 525 patients given extracorporeal-CPR and 9% in 12 666 patients given conventional-CPR (P = 0.91). By adjusted multivariate analysis, extracorporeal-CPR was not associated with hospital survival [odds ratio (OR), 1.3; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.8–2.1; P = 0.24]. By conditional logistic regression with matching on a propensity score (including age, sex, occurrence at home, bystander CPR, initial rhythm, collapse-to-CPR time, duration of resuscitation, and ROSC), similar results were found (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.5–1.3; P = 0.41). In the extracorporeal-CPR group, factors associated with hospital survival were initial shockable rhythm (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5–10.3; P = 0.005), transient ROSC before ECMO (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.1–4.7; P = 0.03), and prehospital ECMO implantation (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.5–5.9; P = 0.002).
Conclusions
In a population-based registry, 4% of OHCAs were treated with extracorporeal-CPR, which was not associated with increased hospital survival. Early ECMO implantation may improve outcomes. The initial rhythm and ROSC may help select patients for extracorporeal-CPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulfran Bougouin
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital Privé Jacques Cartier, 6 Avenue du Noyer Lambert, 91300 Massy, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- AfterROSC network, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Emergency Department, Cochin-Hotel-Dieu Hospital, APHP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- AfterROSC network, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit - SAMU 75, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Carli
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit - SAMU 75, Necker-Enfants-Malades Hospital, APHP, 149 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Alain Combes
- Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Unit, iCAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, APHP, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Pirracchio
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Surgical ICU, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Aissaoui
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- AfterROSC network, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Medical ICU, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Karam
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Deye
- AfterROSC network, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Medical ICU, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Georgios Sideris
- Cardiology Department, Lariboisière Hospital, AP-HP, 2 Rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Frankie Beganton
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Jost
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Brigade de Sapeurs Pompiers de Paris (BSPP), 1 Place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- AfterROSC network, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, APHP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), INSERM Unit 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Paris Sudden Death Expertise Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75787 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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24
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Ludes B. Commentary about the paper: "Overview of clinical forensic services in various countries of European Union". Forensic Sci Res 2019; 5:85-86. [PMID: 32490314 PMCID: PMC7241455 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2019.1659475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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Sharifzadehgan A, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Karam N, Dumas F, Narayanan K, Beganton F, Ludes B, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. Characteristics and outcomes of cocaine-associated sudden cardiac arrest in the general population. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2018.10.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Sharifzadehgan A, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Karam N, Gaye B, Dumas F, Narayanan K, Beganton F, Ludes B, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Aissaoui N, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. P2514Cocaine-related sudden cardiac arrest in the general population. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - W Bougouin
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - V Waldmann
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - N Karam
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - B Gaye
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - F Dumas
- Hospital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - K Narayanan
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - F Beganton
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - B Ludes
- Institu Medico Legal de Paris, Paris, France
| | - D Jost
- Brigade des Sapeurs Pompiers de Paris, Paris, France
| | - L Lamhaut
- Service d'AIde Médicale Urgente Necker, Paris, France
| | - N Aissaoui
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - X Jouven
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - E Marijon
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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27
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Keller E, Santos C, Cusack D, Väli M, Ferrara D, Ludes B, Mangin P, Payne-James JJ, Vieira DN. European council of legal medicine (ECLM) guidelines for the examination of suspected elder abuse. Int J Legal Med 2018; 133:317-322. [PMID: 29951880 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Article 25 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (adopted in Nice on 7 December 2000) recognizes and respects the rights of older people to lead a life of dignity and independence and to participate in social and cultural life. It also highlights the importance of prevention and recognition of elder abuse, especially since exposure to violence is likely as the population ages, either in familial or in institutional settings. Elder abuse has some issues in common with child abuse but in spite of this fact currently is less recognized. Health professionals have a major role to play in early detection and management of cases of elder abuse. This protocol summarizes some key concepts and approaches to assist in the timely detection and investigation of elder abuse cases by healthcare professionals and forensic practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Keller
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - C Santos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D Cusack
- School of Medicine, Forensic and Legal Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Office of the Coroner, Naas, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - M Väli
- Forensic Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Ferrara
- Legal Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,International Academy of Legal Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - B Ludes
- France Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, France Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - P Mangin
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Site of Lausanne, Ch de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - D N Vieira
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, Ethics and Medical Law, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3000-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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28
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Hollard C, Zvénigorosky V, Kovalev A, Kiryushin Y, Tishkin A, Lazaretov I, Crubézy E, Ludes B, Keyser C. New genetic evidence of affinities and discontinuities between bronze age Siberian populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 2018; 167:97-107. [PMID: 29900529 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work focuses on the populations of South Siberia during the Eneolithic and Bronze Age and specifically on the contribution of uniparental lineage and phenotypical data to the question of the genetic affinities and discontinuities between western and eastern populations. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed molecular analyses on the remains of 28 ancient humans (10 Afanasievo (3600-2500 BC) and 18 Okunevo (2500-1800 BC) individuals). For each sample, two uniparentally inherited systems (mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome DNA) were studied, in order to trace back maternal and paternal lineages. Phenotype-informative SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) were also analyzed, along with autosomal STRs (Short Tandem Repeats). RESULTS Most of the Afanasievo men submitted to analysis belonged to a single sub-haplogroup, R1b1a1a, which reveals the predominance of this haplogroup in these early Bronze Age populations. Conversely, Okunevo individuals carried more diverse paternal lineages that mostly belonged to Asian/Siberian haplogroups. These differences are also apparent, although less strongly, in mitochondrial lineage composition and phenotype marker variant frequencies. DISCUSSION This study provides new elements that contribute to our understanding of the genetic interactions between populations in Eneolithic and Bronze Age southern Siberia. Our results support the hypothesis of a genetic link between Afanasievo and Yamnaya (in western Eurasia), as suggested by previous studies of other markers. However, we found no Y-chromosome lineage evidence of a possible Afanasievo migration to the Tarim Basin. Moreover, the presence of Y-haplogroup Q in Okunevo individuals links them to Native American populations, as was suggested by whole-genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Hollard
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Zvénigorosky
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexey Kovalev
- Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yurii Kiryushin
- The Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies in Archaeology of Western Siberia and Altai, Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Alexey Tishkin
- The Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Studies in Archaeology of Western Siberia and Altai, Department of Archaeology, Ethnography and Museology, Altai State University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Igor Lazaretov
- Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eric Crubézy
- Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Institut Médico-légal de Paris, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Christine Keyser
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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29
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Waldmann V, Bougouin W, Karam N, Dumas F, Sharifzadehgan A, Gandjbakhch E, Algalarrondo V, Narayanan K, Zhao A, Amet D, Jost D, Geri G, Lamhaut L, Beganton F, Ludes B, Bruneval P, Plu I, Hidden-Lucet F, Albuisson J, Lavergne T, Piot O, Alonso C, Leenhardt A, Lellouche N, Extramiana F, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. Characteristics and clinical assessment of unexplained sudden cardiac arrest in the real-world setting: focus on idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:1981-1987. [PMID: 29566157 PMCID: PMC5982722 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent studies have shown that in more than half of apparently unexplained sudden cardiac arrests (SCA), a specific aetiology can be unmasked by a careful evaluation. The characteristics and the extent to which such cases undergo a systematic thorough investigation in real-life practice are unknown. Methods and results Data were analysed from an ongoing study, collecting all cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Paris area. Investigations performed during the index hospitalization or planned after discharge were gathered to evaluate the completeness of assessment of unexplained SCA. Between 2011 and 2016, among the 18 622 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 717 survivors (at hospital discharge) fulfilled the definition of cardiac SCA. Of those, 88 (12.3%) remained unexplained after electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging yielded the diagnosis in 25 (3.5%) cases, other investigations accounted for 14 (2.4%) additional diagnoses, and 49 (6.8%) patients were labelled as idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) (48.7 ± 15 years, 69.4% male). Among those labelled IVF, only 8 (16.3%) cases benefited from a complete workup (including pharmacological testing). Younger patients [odds ratio (OR) 6.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-22.26] and those admitted to university centres (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.12-12.45) were more thoroughly investigated. Genetic testing and family screening were initiated in only 9 (18.4%) and 12 (24.5%) cases, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that complete investigations are carried out in a very low proportion of unexplained SCA. Standardized, systematic approaches need to be implemented to ensure that opportunities for specific therapies and preventive strategies (including relatives) are not missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Waldmann
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Karam
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Emergency Department, Cochin Hospital, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ardalan Sharifzadehgan
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Estelle Gandjbakhch
- Cardiology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Cardiology Department, Maxcure Hospitals, Behind Cyber Towers, Hitec City, 500081 Hyderabad, India
| | - Alexandre Zhao
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Denis Amet
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Jost
- Paris Firefighters Brigade, 1 Place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Geri
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, 149 rue Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frankie Beganton
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Forensic Medical Institute, 2 Voie Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Pathology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Pathology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Hidden-Lucet
- Cardiology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Genetic Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Lavergne
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Cardiology Department, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 32-36 Rue des Moulins Gémeaux, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christine Alonso
- Cardiology Department, Clinique Ambroise Paré, 25-27 Boulevard Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- Cardiology Department, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lellouche
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Fabrice Extramiana
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
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Ludes B, Geraut A, Väli M, Cusack D, Ferrara D, Keller E, Mangin P, Vieira DN. Guidelines examination of victims of sexual assault harmonization of forensic and medico-legal examination of persons. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1671-1674. [PMID: 29468380 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sexual assault is a complex situation with medical, psychological, and legal aspects. Forensic experts play a major role in terms of forensic and gynecological medical examination and evidence collection in order to maintain the chain of custody. Victims should be examined by a specially trained medico-legal examiner in order to avoid multiple examinations in the surroundings that do not meet minimum health standards. The evolution and treatment of sexual assault victims are time-intensive and should optimally be provided by a team that includes a forensic medical doctor. These guidelines will be of interest to forensic medical doctors who will have responsibility for the examination and assessment of victims of sexual violence and can be used as a day-to-day service document and/or a guide to develop health service for victims of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ludes
- France Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, France Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - A Geraut
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Médecine légale, 11 rue Humann, 67085, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - M Väli
- Forensic Medicine of the University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu, Estonia.,Estonian Forensic Science Institute, Tervise 30, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - D Cusack
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Medical Bureau of Road Safety, Dublin, Ireland.,, County Kildare, Ireland
| | - D Ferrara
- Legal Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, School of Medicine, International Academy of Legal Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Keller
- Department of Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Ulloi Str 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - P Mangin
- University Center of Legal Medicine, Geneva-Lausanne, Chemin de la Vuliette 4, 1000, Lausanne 25, Switzerland
| | - D N Vieira
- Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Sharifzadehgan A, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Karam N, Dumas F, Beganton F, Narayanan K, Ludes B, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Aissaoui N, Cariou N, Marijon E, Jouven X. Sudden cardiac arrest during sexual intercourse. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Sharifzadehgan A, Marijon E, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Karam N, Dumas F, Beganton F, Ludes B, Albuisson J, Aissaoui N, Lamhaut L, Deye N, Cariou N, Jouven X. Extent of investigation towards etiology among sudden cardiac arrest patients who died in the intensive care unit. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Sharifzadehgan A, Karam N, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Dumas F, Beganton F, Narayanan K, Ludes B, Jost D, Lamhaut L, Aissaoui N, Cariou N, Jouven X, Marijon E. Coronary artery disease underlies most sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in the general population. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvdsp.2017.11.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Carli P, Pons F, Levraut J, Millet B, Tourtier JP, Ludes B, Lafont A, Riou B. The French emergency medical services after the Paris and Nice terrorist attacks: what have we learnt? Lancet 2017; 390:2735-2738. [PMID: 28754492 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Carli
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; SAMU de Paris, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - François Pons
- French Military Health Service Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Levraut
- University Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France; Department of Emergency Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Millet
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie et Curie, Paris, France; Department of Psychiatry, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Bertrand Ludes
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Institute of Legal Medicine, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Lafont
- University Paris-Descartes, Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, APHP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Riou
- Sorbonne Universités, University Pierre et Marie et Curie, Paris, France; Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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Delannoy Y, Colard T, Cannet C, Mesli V, Hédouin V, Penel G, Ludes B. Characterization of bone diagenesis by histology in forensic contexts: a human taphonomic study. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:219-227. [PMID: 28965197 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1699-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The diagenesis of a bone in the postmortem period causes an identifiable deterioration in histology. This degradation is characterized by a collagenous alteration, which can be observed very early. In order to develop a method for determining a postmortem interval for medico-legal use, two ribs collected from six human bodies were studied prospectively over 2 years. Each bone was studied after staining with Sirius red to demonstrate the degradation of collagen as a function of time. This study demonstrated a time-based bone alteration characterized by the architectural degradation of the lamellar bone, without any microbial influence in this postmortem period. The staining was carried out by using Sirius red and correlated this alteration with a collagenic degradation by chemical hydrolysis owing to the affinity of this dye to the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine, and arginine. Our work asserts that human bone samples that were studied in a controlled environment and analyzed for 24 months underwent a diagenetic trajectory whose main element was collagen hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Delannoy
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, 75000, Paris, France. .,CHU de LILLE, 59000, Lille, France. .,EA 7367 Forensic Taphonomy Unit - Lille Forensic Institute, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France. .,Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses inflammatoires, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France. .,Institut de Médecine Légale - CHRU de Lille, rue André Verhaeghe, 59037, Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Thomas Colard
- CHU de LILLE, 59000, Lille, France.,EA 7367 Forensic Taphonomy Unit - Lille Forensic Institute, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France.,Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses inflammatoires, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Catherine Cannet
- Laboratoire d'Histomorphométrie de Médecine Légale, Faculté de Médecine, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vadim Mesli
- CHU de LILLE, 59000, Lille, France.,EA 7367 Forensic Taphonomy Unit - Lille Forensic Institute, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Valéry Hédouin
- CHU de LILLE, 59000, Lille, France.,EA 7367 Forensic Taphonomy Unit - Lille Forensic Institute, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Penel
- CHU de LILLE, 59000, Lille, France.,Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490, PMOI, Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses inflammatoires, Lille University, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Institut Médico-Légal de Paris, Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Cité, 75000, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 5288, AMIS, Toulouse University, 31000, Toulouse, France
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Sharifzadehgan A, Karam N, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Dumas F, Narayanan K, Jost D, Ludes B, Aissaoui N, Beganton F, Lamhaut L, Deye N, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. P4935Coronary artery disease underlies most sports-related sudden cardiac arrest in the general population. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. Karam
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - W. Bougouin
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - V. Waldmann
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - K. Narayanan
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - D. Jost
- Brigade des Sapeurs Pompiers de Paris, Paris, France
| | - B. Ludes
- Institut Medico-Legal, Paris, France
| | - N. Aissaoui
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - F. Beganton
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | | | - N. Deye
- Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
| | | | - X. Jouven
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - E. Marijon
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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Sharifzadehgan A, Marijon E, Bougouin W, Waldmann V, Karam N, Dumas F, Plu I, Narayanan K, Deye N, Aissaoui N, Ludes B, Beganton F, Lamhaut L, Cariou A, Jouven X. P6426Extent of investigation towards aetiology among sudden cardiac arrest patients who die in the intensive care unit. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. Marijon
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - W. Bougouin
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - V. Waldmann
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - N. Karam
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | | | - I. Plu
- Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - K. Narayanan
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | - N. Deye
- Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
| | - N. Aissaoui
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - B. Ludes
- Institut Medico-Legal, Paris, France
| | - F. Beganton
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), Paris, France
| | | | | | - X. Jouven
- European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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Delabarde T, Cannet C, Raul JS, Géraut A, Taccoen M, Ludes B. Bone and soft tissue histology: a new approach to determine characteristics of offending instrument in sharp force injuries. Int J Legal Med 2017; 131:1313-1323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Librado P, Gamba C, Gaunitz C, Der Sarkissian C, Pruvost M, Albrechtsen A, Fages A, Khan N, Schubert M, Jagannathan V, Serres-Armero A, Kuderna LFK, Povolotskaya IS, Seguin-Orlando A, Lepetz S, Neuditschko M, Thèves C, Alquraishi S, Alfarhan AH, Al-Rasheid K, Rieder S, Samashev Z, Francfort HP, Benecke N, Hofreiter M, Ludwig A, Keyser C, Marques-Bonet T, Ludes B, Crubézy E, Leeb T, Willerslev E, Orlando L. Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse. Science 2017; 356:442-445. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Ancient genomics of horse domesticationThe domestication of the horse was a seminal event in human cultural evolution. Libradoet al.obtained genome sequences from 14 horses from the Bronze and Iron Ages, about 2000 to 4000 years ago, soon after domestication. They identified variants determining coat color and genes selected during the domestication process. They could also see evidence of admixture with archaic horses and the demography of the domestication process, which included the accumulation of deleterious variants. The horse appears to have undergone a different type of domestication process than animals that were domesticated simply for food.Science, this issue p.442
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Librado
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Gamba
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charleen Gaunitz
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clio Der Sarkissian
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mélanie Pruvost
- Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Anders Albrechtsen
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antoine Fages
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Naveed Khan
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Mikkel Schubert
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aitor Serres-Armero
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas F. K. Kuderna
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inna S. Povolotskaya
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andaine Seguin-Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
- National High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sébastien Lepetz
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements (UMR 7209), 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Thèves
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Saleh Alquraishi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Alfarhan
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Rasheid
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan Rieder
- Agroscope, Swiss National Stud Farm, 1580 Avenches, Switzerland
| | - Zainolla Samashev
- Branch of Institute of Archaeology Margulan, Republic Avenue 24-405, 010000 Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Henri-Paul Francfort
- CNRS, UMR 7041 Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité, Archéologie de l'Asie Centrale, Maison René Ginouvès, 21 allée de l’Université, 92023 Nanterre, France
| | - Norbert Benecke
- German Archaeological Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hofreiter
- University of Potsdam, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin 10315, Germany
| | - Christine Keyser
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
- Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Eric Crubézy
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratoire d’Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d’Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
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Waldmann V, Bougouin W, Bories M, Jost D, Ludes B, Algalarrondo V, Gandjbakck E, Lellouche N, Beganton F, Lamhaut L, Lavergne T, Extramiana F, Jouven X, Marijon E. Lack of comprehensive cardiac investigations in cases of apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in the community. Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s1878-6480(17)30316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zvénigorosky V, Crubézy E, Gibert M, Thèves C, Hollard C, Gonzalez A, Fedorova SA, Alexeev AN, Bravina RI, Ludes B, Keyser C. The genetics of kinship in remote human groups. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2016; 25:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hollard C, Keyser C, Delabarde T, Gonzalez A, Vilela Lamego C, Zvénigorosky V, Ludes B. Case report: on the use of the HID-Ion AmpliSeq™ Ancestry Panel in a real forensic case. Int J Legal Med 2016; 131:351-358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-016-1425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Abstract
A fatality involving verapamil, a calcium channel blocker agent, is presented. A 51-year old male ingested 7200 mg of sustained-release (SR) verapamil at T0 and died 40 hours later of refractory, mixed shock and multiorgan failure. The symptoms displayed during hospitalization were quite typical and involved altered consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia, atrioventricular block, metabolic acidosis and renal failure. Verapamil and its primary metabolite, norverapamil, were assayed on eight plasma and two urine samples, successively taken between the admission to the ICU (T0-4 hours) and time of death, using an original high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) procedure with verapamil-d3 as internal standard. Plasma verapamil and norverapamil levels on admission were 0.94 and 1.36 mg/mL, respectively, then verapamil remained practically unchanged throughout the hospitalization (0.85 mg/mL at T0-40 hours). The discussion focuses on the detrimental role of SR formulations in overdose, with special emphasis on the risk of pharmacobezoar development already reported with SR-verapamil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a verapamil fatality documented by repeated plasma measurements of the drug during the antemortem period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tracqui
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Faculté de Médecine de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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Abstract
Organ procurement and transplantation have grown steadily, and the need for organs will only rise in the future. Increasing the number of potential donors is therefore paramount. However, transplant coordination teams face refusals that can be linked to the contexts of the deaths, especially when they involve legal issues. In France, deaths involving legal proceedings are not uncommon (7-10%). In these cases, the prosecutor is immediately contacted, and makes the decision of whether to remove the involved organs. Refusals of this type represent 4% (approximately 30 cases per year) of obstacles to organ removals, and are governed by specific legislation. Thus, the prosecutor must arrange contact with a forensic pathologist and with the organ transplant teams to assemble all of the necessary elements for him to take the decision. To assist prosecutors in their decision making and to ensure them scientific rigour, the French Society of Forensic Medicine sought to develop a national recommendation to harmonise practices; it emerged in early 2013. The guideline makes practical recommendations, including among others: nominating local referents; writing regional protocols between judicial authorities, forensic pathologists and transplant teams; establishing terms for the forensic pathologist's intervention on the donor's body before and after a procurement. This recommendation by the French Society of Forensic Medicine aimed to combine two interests: addressing the shortage of organs, and fulfilling the requisites of a criminal investigation by standardising practices and encouraging communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Delannoy
- Forensic Institute, University Lille North of France, CHU Lille, France
| | | | | | - Valéry Hedouin
- Forensic Institute, University Lille North of France, CHU Lille, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Medico-Legal Institute of Paris, University Paris Descartes, France
| | - Didier Gosset
- Forensic Institute, University Lille North of France, CHU Lille, France
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Farrugia A, Keyser C, Hollard C, Raul J, Muller J, Ludes B. Targeted next generation sequencing application in cardiac channelopathies: Analysis of a cohort of autopsy-negative sudden unexplained deaths. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 254:5-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Keyser C, Hollard C, Gonzalez A, Fausser JL, Rivals E, Alexeev AN, Riberon A, Crubézy E, Ludes B. The ancient Yakuts: a population genetic enigma. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2015; 370:20130385. [PMID: 25487336 PMCID: PMC4275892 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is part of an ongoing project aiming at determining the ethnogenesis of an eastern Siberian ethnic group, the Yakuts, on the basis of archaeological excavations carried out over a period of 10 years in three regions of Yakutia: Central Yakutia, the Vilyuy River basin and the Verkhoyansk area. In this study, genetic analyses were carried out on skeletal remains from 130 individuals of unknown ancestry dated mainly from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century AD. Kinship studies were conducted using sets of commercially available autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) along with hypervariable region I sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. An unexpected and intriguing finding of this work was that the uniparental marker systems did not always corroborate results from autosomal DNA analyses; in some cases, false-positive relationships were observed. These discrepancies revealed that 15 autosomal STR loci are not sufficient to discriminate between first degree relatives and more distantly related individuals in our ancient Yakut sample. The Y-STR analyses led to similar conclusions, because the current Y-STR panels provided the limited resolution of the paternal lineages.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Bone and Bones/chemistry
- Chromosomes, Human, Y/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA, Mitochondrial/history
- Ethnicity/genetics
- Ethnicity/history
- Fossils
- Genetics, Population
- Haplotypes/genetics
- History, 15th Century
- History, 16th Century
- History, 17th Century
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- Humans
- Likelihood Functions
- Male
- Microsatellite Repeats/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Pedigree
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Siberia
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Keyser
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Clémence Hollard
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Angela Gonzalez
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Luc Fausser
- Institut de Médecine Légale, Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Rivals
- LIRMM, CNRS UMR 5506, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Alexandre Riberon
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Crubézy
- Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Laboratoire AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France Institut Médico-Légal, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Jamey C, Ludes B, Raul JS. Sensitive determination of pethidine and its metabolite in human hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mendisco F, Keyser C, Seldes V, Rivolta C, Mercolli P, Cruz P, Nielsen AE, Crubezy E, Ludes B. Genetic diversity of a late prehispanic group of the Quebrada de Humahuaca, northwestern Argentina. Ann Hum Genet 2014; 78:367-80. [PMID: 24962720 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This palaeogenetic study focused on the analysis of a late prehispanic Argentinean group from the Humahuaca valley, with the main aim of reconstructing its (micro)evolutionary history. The Humahuaca valley, a natural passageway from the eastern plains to the highlands, was the living environment of Andean societies whose cultural but especially biological diversity is still poorly understood. We analyzed the DNA extracted from 39 individuals who populated this upper valley during the Regional Development period (RDP) (between the 11th and 15th centuries CE), to determine their maternal and paternal genetic ancestry. Some mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal haplotypes specific to the Andean region are consistent with an origin in the highlands of Central Andes. On the other hand, a significant genetic affinity with contemporary admixed communities of the Chaco area was detected. Expectedly, recent demographic events, such as the expansion of the Inca Empire or the European colonization, have changed the original mitochondrial gene pool of the ancient Humahuaca Valley community. Finally, we identified a particular geographical organization of the prehispanic populations of Northwestern Argentina. Our results suggest that the communities of the region were divided between two different spheres of interaction, which is consistent with assumptions made by means of craniometric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Mendisco
- Institut de Médecine Légale, AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Strasbourg, F-67085, Strasbourg, France; Université Paul Sabatier, AMIS, CNRS UMR 5288, F-31073, Toulouse, France
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Jamey C, Tracqui A, Ludes B, Raul JS. P35: Stability of bloodstains on various supports. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2352-0078(14)70096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Grunenwald A, Keyser C, Sautereau AM, Crubézy E, Ludes B, Drouet C. Novel contribution on the diagenetic physicochemical features of bone and teeth minerals, as substrates for ancient DNA typing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4691-704. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7863-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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