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van der Crabben SN, Wilde AAM. Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation: is it a case for genetic testing? Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2024; 35:19-24. [PMID: 38334831 PMCID: PMC10879354 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-024-00994-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a diagnosis of exclusion in sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors. Although there are clear guidelines on the clinical work-up of SCA survivors, less than one in five patients receives a complete work-up. This increases the chances of erroneously labelling these patients as having IVF, while 10-20% of them have an inherited cardiac condition (ICC). Diagnoses of ICC increase over time due to (additional) deep phenotyping or as a result of spontaneous expression of ICC over time. As SCA survivors can also harbor (likely) pathogenic variants in cardiomyopathy-associated genes in the absence of a phenotype, or can have another ICC without a clear cardiac phenotype, the question arises as to whether genetic testing in this group should be routinely performed. Family history (mainly in the case of sudden death) can increase suspicion of an ICC in an SCA victim, but does not add great value when adults underwent a complete cardiological work-up. The diagnosis of ICC has treatment consequences not only for the patient but also for their family. Genetic diagnostic yield does not appear to increase with larger gene panels, but variants of unknown significance (VUS) do. Although VUS can be confusing, careful and critical segregation analysis in the family can be performed when discussed in a multidisciplinary team at a center of expertise with at least a cardiologist as well as a clinical and laboratory geneticist, thereby degrading or promoting VUS. When to introduce genetic testing in SCA survivors remains a matter of debate, but the combination of quick, deep phenotyping with additional genetic testing for the unidentifiable phenotypes, especially in the young, seems preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N van der Crabben
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- European Reference Network for rare, low prevalence, and/or complex diseases of the heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A A M Wilde
- European Reference Network for rare, low prevalence, and/or complex diseases of the heart: ERN GUARD-Heart, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure and arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Jeong JH, Kim YG, Oh SK, Lee HS, Choi YY, Min K, Shim J, Park YM, Kim JH, Oh YS, Kim NH, Pak HN, On YK, Park HW, Hwang GS, Kim DK, Park YA, Park HS, Cho Y, Oh S, Choi JI, Kim YH. Identification of concealed cardiomyopathy using next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing in Korean patients initially diagnosed with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Europace 2023; 25:euad313. [PMID: 37949661 PMCID: PMC10639093 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a disease in which the cause of ventricular fibrillation cannot be identified despite comprehensive clinical evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the clinical yield and implications of genetic testing for IVF. METHODS AND RESULTS This study was based on the multi-centre inherited arrhythmia syndrome registry in South Korea from 2014 to 2017. Next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing was performed that included 174 genes previously linked to cardiovascular disease. A total of 96 patients were clinically diagnosed with IVF. The mean age of the onset was 41.2 ± 12.7 years, and 79 patients were males (82.3%). Of these, 74 underwent genetic testing and four (5.4%) of the IVF probands had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants (each having one of MYBPC3, MYH7, DSP, and TNNI3). All pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were located in genes with definite evidence of a cardiomyopathy phenotype, either hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Next-generation sequencing-based genetic testing identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 5.4% of patients initially diagnosed with IVF, suggesting that genetic testing with definite evidence genes of cardiomyopathy may enable molecular diagnosis in a minority of patients with IVF. Further clinical evaluation and follow-up of patients with IVF with positive genotypes are needed to unveil concealed phenotypes, such as the pre-clinical phase of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hee Jeong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gi Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyu Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Seok Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongjin Min
- Division of Cardiology, Incheon Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jaemin Shim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Min Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong-Seog Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St.Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Hui-Nam Pak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular and Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gyo-Seung Hwang
- Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Young-Ah Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Seob Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongkeun Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Anam Hospital, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Verheul LM, van der Ree MH, Groeneveld SA, Mulder BA, Christiaans I, Kapel GFL, Alings M, Bootsma M, Barge-Schaapveld DQCM, Balt JC, Yap SC, Krapels IPC, Ter Bekke RMA, Volders PGA, van der Crabben SN, Postema PG, Wilde AAM, Dooijes D, Baas AF, Hassink RJ. The genetic basis of apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation: a retrospective overview. Europace 2023; 25:euad336. [PMID: 37967257 PMCID: PMC10665040 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS During the diagnostic work-up of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF), next-generation sequencing panels can be considered to identify genotypes associated with arrhythmias. However, consensus for gene panel testing is still lacking, and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) are often identified. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic testing and its results in idiopathic VF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 419 patients with available medical records from the Dutch Idiopathic VF Registry. Genetic testing was performed in 379 (91%) patients [median age at event 39 years (27-51), 60% male]. Single-gene testing was performed in 87 patients (23%) and was initiated more often in patients with idiopathic VF before 2010. Panel testing was performed in 292 patients (77%). The majority of causal (likely) pathogenic variants (LP/P, n = 56, 15%) entailed the DPP6 risk haplotype (n = 39, 70%). Moreover, 10 LP/P variants were found in cardiomyopathy genes (FLNC, MYL2, MYH7, PLN (two), TTN (four), RBM20), and 7 LP/P variants were identified in genes associated with cardiac arrhythmias (KCNQ1, SCN5A (2), RYR2 (four)). For eight patients (2%), identification of an LP/P variant resulted in a change of diagnosis. In 113 patients (30%), a VUS was identified. Broad panel testing resulted in a higher incidence of VUS in comparison to single-gene testing (38% vs. 3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Almost all patients from the registry underwent, albeit not broad, genetic testing. The genetic yield of causal LP/P variants in idiopathic VF patients is 5%, increasing to 15% when including DPP6. In specific cases, the LP/P variant is the underlying diagnosis. A gene panel specifically for idiopathic VF patients is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Verheul
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H van der Ree
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne A Groeneveld
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Bart A Mulder
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Imke Christiaans
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs F L Kapel
- Department of Cardiology, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Alings
- Department of Cardiology, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Bootsma
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jippe C Balt
- Department of Cardiology, St.Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Sing-Chien Yap
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid P C Krapels
- Department of Human Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M A Ter Bekke
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul G A Volders
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia N van der Crabben
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter G Postema
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Dooijes
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annette F Baas
- Department of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Hassink
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht 3584 CX, The Netherlands
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Alsaeed AH, Alqarawi W. Investigation of Unexplained Cardiac Arrest: Phenotyping and Genetic Testing. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2023; 15:307-318. [PMID: 37558301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) is a working diagnosis that should be replaced by a final diagnosis once evaluation is completed. Complete evaluation of UCA should include high-yield tests like cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, exercise treadmill test, and sodium-channel blocker challenge to identify latent causes of UCA. If no clear etiology is revealed after complete evaluation, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation may be diagnosed, and the strength of its diagnosis can be divided into definitive, probable, and possible based on the number of high-yield tests performed. Care should be provided by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulelah H Alsaeed
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Alqarawi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University of Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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Li S, Fraser S, Ranpura G, Lim S, Singer ES, Parker JDK, Crowe J, Bagnall RD, Laksman Z, Semsarian C. Generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line from a patient with conduction disease and recurrent ventricular fibrillation with a sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 (SCN5A) gene c.392 + 3A > G splice-site variant. Stem Cell Res 2023; 71:103153. [PMID: 37385135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2023.103153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Variants in the sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 gene (SCN5A) produce variable cardiac phenotypes including Brugada syndrome, conduction disease and cardiomyopathy. These phenotypes can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Novel variants in splice-site regions of SCN5A require functional studies to characterise their pathogenicity as they are poorly understood. The generation of an induced pluripotent stem cell line provides a valuable resource to investigate the functional effects of potential splice-disrupting variants in SCN5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Li
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart Fraser
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ginell Ranpura
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Seakcheng Lim
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emma S Singer
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jeremy D K Parker
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joshua Crowe
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D Bagnall
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Zachary Laksman
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Heart Rhythm Services, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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6
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Ensam B, Cheung CC, Almehmadi F, Gregers Winkel B, Scrocco C, Brennan P, Leong K, Muir A, Vanarva A, Tfelt-Hansen J, Roberts JD, Krahn AD, Behr ER. The Utility of Sodium Channel Provocation in Unexplained Cardiac Arrest Survivors and Electrocardiographic Predictors of Ventricular Fibrillation Recurrence. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2022; 15:e011263. [PMID: 36441561 PMCID: PMC10289235 DOI: 10.1161/circep.122.011263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The implications of a drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECG pattern following sodium channel blocker provocation (SCBP) are not fully understood. METHODS Baseline clinical and ECG data were obtained from consecutive unexplained cardiac arrest survivors undergoing SCBP at 3 centers. A further 15 SCBP positive (SCBP+) unexplained cardiac arrest survivors were recruited from 3 additional centers to explore ventricular fibrillation recurrence. RESULTS A total of 121 consecutive unexplained cardiac arrest survivors underwent SCBP. The yield of the drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECG pattern was 17%. A baseline type 2/3 Brugada pattern (T2/3BP) (adjusted odds ratio, 19.36 [2.74-136.61]; P=0.003) and PR interval (odds ratio, 1.03 [1.01-1.05] per ms; P=0.017) were independent predictors of SCBP+ response. A pathogenic SCN5A variant was identified in 36% of the SCBP+ group versus 0% in the SCBP- group (P<0.001). Amongst SCBP+ patients, a spontaneous type 1 Brugada pattern was identified in 19% during follow up and in 24% a type 1 Brugada pattern was identified in a relative. Prior syncope (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.83 [1.36-10.78]; P=0.011) and the presence of global early repolarization (hazard ratio, 7.91 [3.22-19.44]; P<0.001) were independent predictors of 5-year ventricular fibrillation recurrence. There was a nonsignificant trend toward greater 5-year ventricular fibrillation recurrence in the SCBP- group (23/95 [24%] versus 3/34 [9%]; P=0.055). CONCLUSIONS The yield of the drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECG pattern in consecutive unexplained cardiac arrest survivors undergoing SCBP is 17%. A baseline T2/3BP and PR interval were independent predictors of the drug-induced type 1 Brugada ECG pattern. Greater heritability of BrS phenotype in this group was evidenced by a greater prevalence of pathogenic SCN5A variants and relatives with a type 1 Brugada pattern. A history of prior syncope and the presence of global early repolarization were independent predictors of ventricular fibrillation recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bode Ensam
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
| | - Christopher C. Cheung
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (C.C.C., A.D.K.)
| | - Fahad Almehmadi
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (F.A., J.D.R.)
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (B.G.W., J.T.-H.)
| | - Chiara Scrocco
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
| | - Paul Brennan
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.B., A.M.)
| | - Kevin Leong
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.L., A.V.)
| | - Alison Muir
- Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom (P.B., A.M.)
| | - Amanda Vanarva
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (K.L., A.V.)
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (B.G.W., J.T.-H.)
- Section of Forensic Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Copenhagen University, Denmark (J.T.-H.)
| | - Jason D. Roberts
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (F.A., J.D.R.)
| | - Andrew D. Krahn
- Center for Cardiovascular Innovation, Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver (C.C.C., A.D.K.)
| | - Elijah R. Behr
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (B.E., C.S., E.R.B.)
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Touat-Hamici Z, Blancard M, Ma R, Lin L, Iddir Y, Denjoy I, Leenhardt A, Yuchi Z, Guicheney P. A SPRY1 domain cardiac ryanodine receptor variant associated with short-coupled torsade de pointes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5243. [PMID: 33664309 PMCID: PMC7970841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) causes sudden death in young adult patients without structural or ischemic heart disease. Most IVF cases are sporadic and some patients present with short-coupled torsade de pointes, the genetics of which are poorly understood. A man who had a first syncope at the age of 35 presented with frequent short-coupled premature ventricular beats with bursts of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and then died suddenly. By exome sequencing, we identified three rare variants: p.I784F in the SPRY1 of the ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), p.A96S in connexin 40 (Cx40), reported to affect electrical coupling and cardiac conduction, and a nonsense p.R244X in the cardiac-specific troponin I-interacting kinase (TNNI3K). We assessed intracellular Ca2+ handling in WT and mutant human RYR2 transfected HEK293 cells by fluorescent microscopy and an enhanced store overload-induced Ca2+ release in response to cytosolic Ca2+ was observed in RyR2-I784F cells. In addition, crystal structures and thermal melting temperatures revealed a conformational change in the I784F-SPRY1 domain compared to the WT-domain. The novel RyR2-I784F variant in SPRY1 domain causes a leaky channel under non-stress conditions. The presence of several variants affecting Ca2+ handling and cardiac conduction suggests a possible oligogenic origin for the ectopies originating from Purkinje fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahia Touat-Hamici
- INSERM, UMRS 1166, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne-Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Malorie Blancard
- INSERM, UMRS 1166, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne-Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruifang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yasmine Iddir
- INSERM, UMRS 1166, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne-Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
- Département d'Oncologie Pédiatrique Laboratoire RTOP «Recherche Translationnelle en Oncologie Pédiatrique»-INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Denjoy
- Département de Cardiologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1166, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- Département de Cardiologie et Centre de Référence des Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, 75018, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, INSERM, U1166, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Pascale Guicheney
- INSERM, UMRS 1166, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne-Université, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires et Métaboliques, 91, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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Zhang D, Tu H, Wang C, Cao L, Hu W, Hackfort BT, Muelleman RL, Wadman MC, Li YL. Inhibition of N-type calcium channels in cardiac sympathetic neurons attenuates ventricular arrhythmogenesis in heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:137-148. [PMID: 31995173 PMCID: PMC7797209 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac sympathetic overactivation is an important trigger of ventricular arrhythmias in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Our previous study demonstrated that N-type calcium (Cav2.2) currents in cardiac sympathetic post-ganglionic (CSP) neurons were increased in CHF. This study investigated the contribution of Cav2.2 channels in cardiac sympathetic overactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS Rat CHF was induced by surgical ligation of the left coronary artery. Lentiviral Cav2.2-α shRNA or scrambled shRNA was transfected in vivo into stellate ganglia (SG) in CHF rats. Final experiments were performed at 14 weeks after coronary artery ligation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot data showed that in vivo transfection of Cav2.2-α shRNA reduced the expression of Cav2.2-α mRNA and protein in the SG in CHF rats. Cav2.2-α shRNA also reduced Cav2.2 currents and cell excitability of CSP neurons and attenuated cardiac sympathetic nerve activities (CSNA) in CHF rats. The power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) further revealed that transfection of Cav2.2-α shRNA in the SG normalized CHF-caused cardiac sympathetic overactivation in conscious rats. Twenty-four-hour continuous telemetry electrocardiogram recording revealed that this Cav2.2-α shRNA not only decreased incidence and duration of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation but also improved CHF-induced heterogeneity of ventricular electrical activity in conscious CHF rats. Cav2.2-α shRNA also decreased susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias in anaesthetized CHF rats. However, Cav2.2-α shRNA failed to improve CHF-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. Scrambled shRNA did not affect Cav2.2 currents and cell excitability of CSP neurons, CSNA, HRV, and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF rats. CONCLUSIONS Overactivation of Cav2.2 channels in CSP neurons contributes to cardiac sympathetic hyperactivation and ventricular arrhythmogenesis in CHF. This suggests that discovering purely selective and potent small-molecule Cav2.2 channel blockers could be a potential therapeutic strategy to decrease fatal ventricular arrhythmias in CHF.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/genetics
- Calcium Channels, N-Type/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart/innervation
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Heart Failure/physiopathology
- Heart Rate
- Male
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stellate Ganglion/metabolism
- Stellate Ganglion/physiopathology
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/metabolism
- Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic/physiopathology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/prevention & control
- Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
- Ventricular Fibrillation/metabolism
- Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Ventricular Fibrillation/prevention & control
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongze Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Huiyin Tu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Chaojun Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Bryan T Hackfort
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Robert L Muelleman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Michael C Wadman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985850 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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9
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Nishikawa T, Aiba T, Ueda N, Nakajima K, Yamada-Inoue Y, Kamakura T, Wada M, Yamagata K, Ishibashi K, Tateishi E, Kiso K, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Miyamoto K, Nagase S, Noda T, Kusano K. Unusual Overlapping Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Long-QT Type 3 Induced Ventricular Fibrillation. Intern Med 2021; 60:85-89. [PMID: 33390472 PMCID: PMC7835453 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5018-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old woman had been resuscitated after ventricular fibrillation and her electrocardiogram showed a QT prolongation (QTc=510 ms), and genetic screening revealed a missense variant, R1644C, in the SCN5A gene. She was therefore diagnosed with congenital long-QT syndrome (LQTS) type 3. However, the patient had left ventricular dysfunction, and based on the findings of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography and pathological examinations, she was diagnosed with cardiac sarcoidosis. Although both are rare diseases, their overlapping presence in this case may have led to an increased cardiovascular risk compared with either alone. Thus, not only genetic but comprehensive clinical examinations are important for making a correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Nishikawa
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ueda
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Nakajima
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Yuko Yamada-Inoue
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kamakura
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Wada
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamagata
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Kohei Ishibashi
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Emi Tateishi
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kiso
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | | | - Koji Miyamoto
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagase
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Takashi Noda
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
| | - Kengo Kusano
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Japan
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10
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Campuzano O, Sarquella-Brugada G, Cesar S, Arbelo E, Brugada J, Brugada R. Update on Genetic Basis of Brugada Syndrome: Monogenic, Polygenic or Oligogenic? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197155. [PMID: 32998306 PMCID: PMC7582739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome is a rare inherited arrhythmogenic disease leading to ventricular fibrillation and high risk of sudden death. In 1998, this syndrome was linked with a genetic variant with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. To date, rare variants identified in more than 40 genes have been potentially associated with this disease. Variants in regulatory regions, combinations of common variants and other genetic alterations are also proposed as potential origins of Brugada syndrome, suggesting a polygenic or oligogenic inheritance pattern. However, most of these genetic alterations remain of questionable causality; indeed, rare pathogenic variants in the SCN5A gene are the only established cause of Brugada syndrome. Comprehensive analysis of all reported genetic alterations identified the origin of disease in no more than 40% of diagnosed cases. Therefore, identifying the cause of this rare arrhythmogenic disease in the many families without a genetic diagnosis is a major current challenge in Brugada syndrome. Additional challenges are interpretation/classification of variants and translation of genetic data into clinical practice. Further studies focused on unraveling the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease are needed. Here we provide an update on the genetic basis of Brugada syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Campuzano
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Georgia Sarquella-Brugada
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Sergi Cesar
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elena Arbelo
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (J.B.)
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Brugada
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (J.B.)
- Arrhythmia Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, 08950 Barcelona, Spain;
- Arrhythmia Section, Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Cardiovascular Genetics Centre, University of Girona-IDIBGI, 17190 Girona, Spain
- Medical Science Department, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red: Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.A.); (J.B.)
- Familial Cardiomyopathies Unit, Hospital Josep Trueta de Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence: (O.C.); (R.B.)
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11
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Hwang J, Kim TY, Terentyev D, Zhong M, Kabakov AY, Bronk P, Arunachalam K, Belardinelli L, Rajamani S, Kunitomo Y, Pfeiffer Z, Lu Y, Peng X, Odening KE, Qu Z, Karma A, Koren G, Choi BR. Late I Na Blocker GS967 Supresses Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in a Transgenic Rabbit Model of Long QT Type 2. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e006875. [PMID: 32628505 PMCID: PMC10626560 DOI: 10.1161/circep.118.006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long QT syndrome has been associated with sudden cardiac death likely caused by early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and polymorphic ventricular tachycardias (PVTs). Suppressing the late sodium current (INaL) may counterbalance the reduced repolarization reserve in long QT syndrome and prevent EADs and PVTs. METHODS We tested the effects of the selective INaL blocker GS967 on PVT induction in a transgenic rabbit model of long QT syndrome type 2 using intact heart optical mapping, cellular electrophysiology and confocal Ca2+ imaging, and computer modeling. RESULTS GS967 reduced ventricular fibrillation induction under a rapid pacing protocol (n=7/14 hearts in control versus 1/14 hearts at 100 nmol/L) without altering action potential duration or restitution and dispersion. GS967 suppressed PVT incidences by reducing Ca2+-mediated EADs and focal activity during isoproterenol perfusion (at 30 nmol/L, n=7/12 and 100 nmol/L n=8/12 hearts without EADs and PVTs). Confocal Ca2+ imaging of long QT syndrome type 2 myocytes revealed that GS967 shortened Ca2+ transient duration via accelerating Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (INCX)-mediated Ca2+ efflux from cytosol, thereby reducing EADs. Computer modeling revealed that INaL potentiates EADs in the long QT syndrome type 2 setting through (1) providing additional depolarizing currents during action potential plateau phase, (2) increasing intracellular Na+ (Nai) that decreases the depolarizing INCX thereby suppressing the action potential plateau and delaying the activation of slowly activating delayed rectifier K+ channels (IKs), suggesting important roles of INaL in regulating Nai. CONCLUSIONS Selective INaL blockade by GS967 prevents EADs and abolishes PVT in long QT syndrome type 2 rabbits by counterbalancing the reduced repolarization reserve and normalizing Nai. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Hwang
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
- College of Pharmacy, Univ of Rhode Island, Kingstown, RI
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Dmitry Terentyev
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | | | - Anatoli Y. Kabakov
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Peter Bronk
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Karuppiah Arunachalam
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | | | - Sridharan Rajamani
- Former employee: Dept of Biology, Gilead Science, Foster City, CA
- Amgen Inc, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Yukiko Kunitomo
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Zachary Pfeiffer
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Yichun Lu
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Dept of Comparative Medicine, Pennsylvania State Univ College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
| | - Katja E. Odening
- Dept of Cardiology & Angiology I, Heart Ctr, Univ of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhilin Qu
- Dept of Medicine, Univ of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alain Karma
- Dept of Physics, Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA
| | - Gideon Koren
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Rsrch Ctr, Division of Cardiology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown Univ, Providence
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12
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Locati ET, Bagliani G, Cecchi F, Johny H, Lunati M, Pappone C. Arrhythmias due to Inherited and Acquired Abnormalities of Ventricular Repolarization. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2019; 11:345-362. [PMID: 31084855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several acquired and congenital disease conditions and many cardiac and noncardiac drugs affect ventricular repolarization and increase susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias. Abnormal ventricular repolarization can be reflected on the surface ECG by prolonged or shortened QT interval, early repolarization, and abnormal T-wave configuration. Reduced outward K+ currents and abnormal or increased sodium or calcium currents increase the vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias. Multiple mechanisms give rise to ventricular arrhythmias in conditions of congenital or acquired abnormal ventricular repolarization. Ventricular arrhythmias associated with abnormalities of ventricular repolarization typically are rapid, usually polymorphic, ventricular tachycardia or torsades de pointes, often degenerating into ventricular fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela T Locati
- Department of Arryhmology, IRCCS San Donato Hospital, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy; Studio Cardiologico Locati, Viale Beatrice d'Este, 20, Milano 20122, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Bagliani
- Cardiology Department, Arrhythmology Unit, Foligno General Hospital, Via Massimo Arcamore 5, Foligno 06034, Italy; Cardiovascular Diseases Department, University of Perugia, Piazza Universita 1, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Franco Cecchi
- Studio Cardiologico Locati, Viale Beatrice d'Este, 20, Milano 20122, Italy; Heart and Vessels Department, University of Florence, Piazza San Marco 4, 50121 Florence, Italy; IRCCS Auxologico, Milano, Cardiovascular San Luca Hospital, Piazzale Brescia 1, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Helou Johny
- Cardiology Department, Arrhythmology Unit, Foligno General Hospital, Via Massimo Arcamore 5, Foligno 06034, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lunati
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Electrophysiology Unit, Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 1, 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Department of Arryhmology, IRCCS San Donato Hospital, Piazza Edmondo Malan 2, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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13
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Cheng YJ, Yao H, Ji CC, Chen XM, Fan J, Liu LJ, Wu SH. A Heterozygous Missense hERG Mutation Associated with Early Repolarization Syndrome. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 51:1301-1312. [PMID: 30481776 DOI: 10.1159/000495549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Early repolarization syndrome (ERS) has been recently recognized as early repolarization pattern with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. However, the genetic background of ERS has not been fully understood. METHODS A Chinese family with sudden cardiac death associated with ERS was investigated. Direct sequencing of ERS susceptibility genes was performed on the proband and family members. Whole-cell patch-clamp methods were used to characterize the mutant channel expressed in HEK 293 cells. RESULTS One missense mutation (p. K801T) was found in the hERG (KCNH2 gene) by the direct sequencing of candidate genes. Whole cell voltage clamp studies of the K801T mutation in HEK 293 cells demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase in maximum steady state current (37.2±7.3 vs 20.3±4.4 pA/pF) that occurred at a 20 mV more positive potential compared to the wild type channels. The voltage dependence of inactivation was significantly shifted in the positive voltage direction (WT -59.5±1.4 vs K801T -44.3±1.2 mV). Kinetic analysis revealed slower inactivation rates of K801T, but faster rates of activation and deactivation. The hERG channel blockers tested inhibited K801T-hERG channel in concentration response, and the potencies of these drugs can be rank-ordered as follows: quinidine> disopyramide> sotalol> flecainide. CONCLUSION Our study indicated that the K801T mutation caused the gain of function of hERG channels that may account for the clinical phenotype of ERS. Quinidine and disopyramide could improve the function of K801T-hERG mutant channel, and may be therapeutic options for patients with the K801T hERG mutation.
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14
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Chang YS, Lee CC, Huang HY, Lin KH, Chen JY, Chang KC, Chang JG. Detection of Variants in Patients with Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation by Whole-exome Sequencing. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2018; 48:427-434. [PMID: 30143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND BACKGROUND Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). The frequency of mutations in disease-causing genes ranges, on average, between 16 and 48% in SCD cases. This study aimed to identify novel mutations in IVF patients without KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A mutations using whole-exome sequencing (WES). METHODS Genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood samples obtained from five patients with IVF and WES was used to identify mutations associated with IVF. Candidate variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Four patients harbored suspected mutations in 100 inherited cardiomyopathy-and channelopathy-associated genes (e.g., TCAP, TTN, MYPN, CACNA1C, and TNNT2). All of these genetic variants have been given a dbSNP rs number; however, their clinical significance remains unknown. Bioinformatics tools predicted severe functional disruptions in the loci harboring these suspected mutations, suggesting their pivotal roles in IVF. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the effectiveness of WES for IVF patients without KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A mutations. Although it is difficult to interpret broad WES results, the analysis can provide insight into the etiology of a heterogeneous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sian Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University
| | - Chien-Chin Lee
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Hsi-Yuan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Kuo-Hung Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
| | - Jan-Yow Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University
| | - Jan-Gowth Chang
- Epigenome Research Center, China Medical University Hospital
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, China Medical University
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Ding DB, Fan LL, Xiao Z, Huang H, Chen YQ, Guo S, Liu ZH, Xiang R. A novel mutation of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein-6 in a family with suspicious idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. QJM 2018; 111:373-377. [PMID: 29474731 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden cardiac death (SCD) occurs in a broad spectrum of cardiac pathologies and is an important cause of mortality in the general population. Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is a rare but important factor resulting in SCD. It is diagnosed in a resuscitated cardiac arrest victim underlying unknown cause, with documented ventricular fibrillation. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein-6 (DPP6) and cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5 (SCN5A) are the most important genetic factors involve in IVF. AIM By using whole sequencing to identify the genetic lesion of a family with suspicious idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. DESIGN Prospective genetic study. METHODS In this study, we employed whole-exome sequencing in combination with arrhythmia-related gene filtering to identify the genetic lesion for a family suffering from suspicious IVF, syncope and SCD. We then generated the plasmids of DPP6-pcDNA3.1+ (WT and c.1578G>C/p.Q526H). Kv4.3-pcDNA3.1+ was co-transfected together with/without DPP6-pcDNA3.1+ (WT and/or c.1578G>C/p.Q526H) into HEK293 cells to perform the patch clamp experiments. RESULTS A novel missense mutation (c.1578G>C/p.Q526H) of DPP6 was identified and co-segregated with affected patients in this family. Patch clamp experiments suggested that this novel mutation might result in a gain of function and disturb the efflux of potassium ion. CONCLUSION Our study not only reported the second missense mutation of DPP6 in heart disease and expanded the spectrum of DPP6 mutations, but also contribute to the genetic diagnosis and counseling of families with suspicious IVF, syncope and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-B Ding
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - L-L Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Z Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Peptide Drug development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - H Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Y-Q Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - S Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Z-H Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Animal Peptide Drug development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - R Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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16
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Waldmann V, Bougouin W, Karam N, Dumas F, Sharifzadehgan A, Gandjbakhch E, Algalarrondo V, Narayanan K, Zhao A, Amet D, Jost D, Geri G, Lamhaut L, Beganton F, Ludes B, Bruneval P, Plu I, Hidden-Lucet F, Albuisson J, Lavergne T, Piot O, Alonso C, Leenhardt A, Lellouche N, Extramiana F, Cariou A, Jouven X, Marijon E. Characteristics and clinical assessment of unexplained sudden cardiac arrest in the real-world setting: focus on idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:1981-1987. [PMID: 29566157 PMCID: PMC5982722 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent studies have shown that in more than half of apparently unexplained sudden cardiac arrests (SCA), a specific aetiology can be unmasked by a careful evaluation. The characteristics and the extent to which such cases undergo a systematic thorough investigation in real-life practice are unknown. Methods and results Data were analysed from an ongoing study, collecting all cases of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Paris area. Investigations performed during the index hospitalization or planned after discharge were gathered to evaluate the completeness of assessment of unexplained SCA. Between 2011 and 2016, among the 18 622 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests, 717 survivors (at hospital discharge) fulfilled the definition of cardiac SCA. Of those, 88 (12.3%) remained unexplained after electrocardiogram, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging yielded the diagnosis in 25 (3.5%) cases, other investigations accounted for 14 (2.4%) additional diagnoses, and 49 (6.8%) patients were labelled as idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) (48.7 ± 15 years, 69.4% male). Among those labelled IVF, only 8 (16.3%) cases benefited from a complete workup (including pharmacological testing). Younger patients [odds ratio (OR) 6.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-22.26] and those admitted to university centres (OR 3.60, 95% CI 1.12-12.45) were more thoroughly investigated. Genetic testing and family screening were initiated in only 9 (18.4%) and 12 (24.5%) cases, respectively. Conclusion Our findings suggest that complete investigations are carried out in a very low proportion of unexplained SCA. Standardized, systematic approaches need to be implemented to ensure that opportunities for specific therapies and preventive strategies (including relatives) are not missed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Waldmann
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Wulfran Bougouin
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicole Karam
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Florence Dumas
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Emergency Department, Cochin Hospital, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ardalan Sharifzadehgan
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Estelle Gandjbakhch
- Cardiology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
| | - Vincent Algalarrondo
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, 157 Rue de la Porte de Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Cardiology Department, Maxcure Hospitals, Behind Cyber Towers, Hitec City, 500081 Hyderabad, India
| | - Alexandre Zhao
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Denis Amet
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Daniel Jost
- Paris Firefighters Brigade, 1 Place Jules Renard, 75017 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Geri
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Ambroise Paré Hospital, 9 Avenue Charles de Gaulle, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France
| | - Lionel Lamhaut
- SAMU de Paris, Necker Hospital, 149 rue Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Frankie Beganton
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Bertrand Ludes
- Forensic Medical Institute, 2 Voie Mazas, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Pathology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Isabelle Plu
- Pathology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Françoise Hidden-Lucet
- Cardiology Department, La Pitié Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Juliette Albuisson
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Genetic Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Lavergne
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Piot
- Cardiology Department, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 32-36 Rue des Moulins Gémeaux, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
| | - Christine Alonso
- Cardiology Department, Clinique Ambroise Paré, 25-27 Boulevard Victor Hugo, 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Antoine Leenhardt
- Cardiology Department, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lellouche
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Henri Mondor, 51 Avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Fabrice Extramiana
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
- Cardiology Department, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75877 Paris, France
| | - Alain Cariou
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Intensive Care Unit, Cochin Hospital, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20-40 Rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Paris-Sudden Death Expertise Center, INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), 56 Rue Leblanc, 75798 Paris Cedex 15, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
- Groupe Parisien Universitaire de Rythmologie (G.P.U.R.)
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LONDON BARRY, GREINER ALEXANDERM, MEHDI HAIDER, GUTMANN REBECCA. IDENTIFYING NEW SUDDEN DEATH GENES. Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc 2018; 129:183-184. [PMID: 30166713 PMCID: PMC6116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inherited conditions that lead to cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Identifying the genes responsible for these rare conditions can provide insights into the more common and heritable forms of sudden cardiac death seen in patients with structural heart disease. We and others have used candidate gene approaches and positional cloning in large families to show that mutations in ion channels and ion channel related proteins cause familial arrhythmia syndromes including long QT and Brugada syndromes. The genes responsible for many familial arrhythmia syndromes and the vast majority of the predisposition to common arrhythmias remain unknown. Using whole exome sequencing in families with Brugada syndrome and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, we now seek to identify mutations in genes previously not thought to play a significant role in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- BARRY LONDON
- Correspondence and reprint requests: Barry London, MD, PhD, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine,
E315-GH, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242319-356-2750319-353-6343
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Chou CC, Chang PC, Wei YC, Lee KY. Optical Mapping Approaches on Muscleblind-Like Compound Knockout Mice for Understanding Mechanistic Insights Into Ventricular Arrhythmias in Myotonic Dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.116.005191. [PMID: 28416514 PMCID: PMC5533016 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.005191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiac arrhythmias are common causes of death in patients with myotonic dystrophy (dystrophia myotonica [DM]). Evidence shows that atrial tachyarrhythmia is an independent risk factor for sudden death; however, the relationship is unclear. Methods and Results Control wild‐type (Mbnl1+/+; Mbnl2+/+) and DM mutant (Mbnl1−/−; Mbnl2+/−) mice were generated by crossing double heterozygous knockout (Mbnl1+/−; Mbnl2+/−) mice. In vivo electrophysiological study and optical mapping technique were performed to investigate mechanisms of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Transmission electron microscopy scanning was performed for myocardium ultrastructural analysis. DM mutant mice were more vulnerable to anesthesia medications and program electrical pacing: 2 of 12 mice had sudden apnea and cardiac arrest during premedication of general anesthesia; 9 of the remaining 10 had atrial tachycardia and/or atrioventricular block, but none of the wild‐type mice had spontaneous arrhythmias; and 9 of 10 mice had pacing‐induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias, but only 1 of 14 of the wild‐type mice. Optical mapping studies revealed prolonged action potential duration, slower conduction velocity, and steeper conduction velocity restitution curves in the DM mutant mice than in the wild‐type group. Spatially discordant alternans was more easily inducible in DM mutant than wild‐type mice. Transmission electron microscopy showed disarranged myofibrils with enlarged vacuole‐occupying mitochondria in the DM mutant group. Conclusions This DM mutant mouse model presented with clinical myofibril ultrastructural abnormality and cardiac arrhythmias, including atrial tachyarrhythmias, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Optical mapping studies revealed prolonged action potential duration and slow conduction velocity in the DM mice, leading to vulnerability of spatially discordant alternans and ventricular arrhythmia induction to pacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chuan Chou
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Yung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Jabbari R, Glinge C, Jabbari J, Risgaard B, Winkel BG, Terkelsen CJ, Tilsted HH, Jensen LO, Hougaard M, Haunsø S, Engstrøm T, Albert CM, Tfelt-Hansen J. A Common Variant in SCN5A and the Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation Caused by First ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170193. [PMID: 28085969 PMCID: PMC5234807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several common genetic variants have been associated with either ventricular fibrillation (VF) or sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, replication efforts have been limited. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether such variants may contribute to VF caused by first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS We analyzed 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) previously associated with SCD/VF in other cohorts, and examined whether these SNPs were associated with VF caused by first STEMI in the GEnetic causes of Ventricular Arrhythmias in patients with first ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (GEVAMI) study on ethnical Danes. The GEVAMI study is a prospective case-control study involving 257 cases (STEMI with VF) and 537 controls (STEMI without VF). RESULTS Of the 27 candidate SNPs, one SNP (rs11720524) located in intron 1 of SCN5A which was previously associated with SCD was significantly associated with VF caused by first STEMI. The major C-allele of rs11720524 was present in 64% of the cases and the C/C genotype was significantly associated with VF with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.87 (95% CI: 1.12-3.12; P = 0.017). After controlling for clinical differences between cases and controls such as age, sex, family history of sudden death, alcohol consumption, previous atrial fibrillation, statin use, angina, culprit artery, and thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow, the C/C genotype of rs11720524 was still significantly associated with VF with an OR of 1.9 (95% CI: 1.05-3.43; P = 0.032). Marginal associations with VF were also found for rs9388451 in HEY2 gene. The CC genotype showed an insignificant risk for VF with OR = 1.50 (95% CI: 0.96-2.40; P = 0.070). CONCLUSION One common intronic variant in SCN5A suggested an association with VF caused by first STEMI. Further studies into the functional abnormalities associated with the noncoding variant in SCN5A may lead to important insights into predisposition to VF during STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Jabbari
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlotte Glinge
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Javad Jabbari
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarke Risgaard
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Gregers Winkel
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Mikkel Hougaard
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stig Haunsø
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Engstrøm
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine M. Albert
- Center for Arrhythmia Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yagihara N, Watanabe H, Barnett P, Duboscq-Bidot L, Thomas AC, Yang P, Ohno S, Hasegawa K, Kuwano R, Chatel S, Redon R, Schott JJ, Probst V, Koopmann TT, Bezzina CR, Wilde AAM, Nakano Y, Aiba T, Miyamoto Y, Kamakura S, Darbar D, Donahue BS, Shigemizu D, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T, Suda M, Sato A, Minamino T, Endo N, Shimizu W, Horie M, Roden DM, Makita N. Variants in the SCN5A Promoter Associated With Various Arrhythmia Phenotypes. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003644. [PMID: 27625342 PMCID: PMC5079027 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the coding sequence of SCN5A, which encodes the cardiac Na(+) channel α subunit, have been associated with inherited susceptibility to various arrhythmias. Variable expression of SCN5A is a possible mechanism responsible for this pleiotropic effect; however, it is unknown whether variants in the promoter and regulatory regions of SCN5A also modulate the risk of arrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS We resequenced the core promoter region of SCN5A and the regulatory regions of SCN5A transcription in 1298 patients with arrhythmia phenotypes (atrial fibrillation, n=444; sinus node dysfunction, n=49; conduction disease, n=133; Brugada syndrome, n=583; and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, n=89). We identified 26 novel rare variants in the SCN5A promoter in 29 patients affected by various arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation, n=6; sinus node dysfunction, n=1; conduction disease, n=3; Brugada syndrome, n=14; idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, n=5). The frequency of rare variants was higher in patients with arrhythmias than in controls. In the alignment with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data, the majority of variants were located at regions bound by transcription factors. Using a luciferase reporter assay, 6 variants (Brugada syndrome, n=3; idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, n=2; conduction disease, n=1) were functionally characterized, and each displayed decreased promoter activity compared with the wild-type sequences. We also identified rare variants in the regulatory region that were associated with atrial fibrillation, and the variant decreased promoter activity. CONCLUSIONS Variants in the core promoter region and the transcription regulatory region of SCN5A were identified in multiple arrhythmia phenotypes, consistent with the idea that altered SCN5A transcription levels modulate susceptibility to arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobue Yagihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laetitia Duboscq-Bidot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Nantes, France Université de Nantes, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Atack C Thomas
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Ping Yang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kanae Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kuwano
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Stéphanie Chatel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Nantes, France Université de Nantes, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Richard Redon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Nantes, France Université de Nantes, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Nantes, France Université de Nantes, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Probst
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1087, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 6291, Nantes, France Université de Nantes, France Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tamara T Koopmann
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A M Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Division of Frontier Medical Science, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyamoto
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Shiro Kamakura
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Dawood Darbar
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN University of Illinois at Chicago, IL
| | - Brian S Donahue
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Daichi Shigemizu
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tsunoda
- Department of Medical Science Mathematics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Suda
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan Center for the Inter-organ Communication Research, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Division of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Jabbari R. Ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death during myocardial infarction. Dan Med J 2016; 63:B5246. [PMID: 27127021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this PhD thesis, we report that VF is still a common complication of STEMI, with an incidence of 11.6% in the population of Danish STEMI patients who survive to reach the hospital. In this STEMI population, we identified several risk factors associated with VF independent of MI. We identified and confirmed findings from several previous studies and found several risk factors, such as younger age, a family history of sudden death, a TIMI flow grade of 0, the absence of angina, anterior infarction (i.e., VF before PPCI), and inferior infarction (i.e., VF during PPCI) that were associated with VF in a Danish cohort. Furthermore, a history of atrial fibrillation and alcohol intake were identified as novel risk factors for VF. To the best of our knowledge, this study contains data on the largest VF cohort with the longest reported follow-up published; we found that VF mortality is significantly higher within the first 30 days for patients who experience VF before and during PPCI compared with STEMI patients without VF. However, the long-term mortality rates of the three groups are the same. Importantly, our results contradict the previous understanding that VF during PPCI is "benign"; the mortality rate within the first 30 days was as high for patients with VF during PPCI as the mortality rate of patients with VF before PPCI. Finally, although it is difficult to draw clinical implications from a descriptive study, due to the comprehensiveness of Danish death certificates, we reported a high incidence of cardiac symptoms and contact with healthcare professionals based on cardiac symptoms in young SCD patients who died due to CAD, although death was not avoided.
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Liu Z, Shan H, Huang J, Li N, Hou C, Pu J. A novel lamin A/C gene missense mutation (445 V > E) in immunoglobulin-like fold associated with left ventricular non-compaction. Europace 2016; 18:617-622. [PMID: 25829471 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Two LMNA mutations (R644C and R190W) have been associated with familial and sporadic left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC). However, the mechanisms underlying these associations have not been elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes and analysed by direct sequencing. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells were transfected with either wild type or mutant LMNA and SCN5A for whole-cell patch-clamp experiment and fluorescence microscopy. Point mutation modeling for mutant LMNA was also performed. One novel LVNC-associated mutation (V445E) in β2 sheet of immunoglobulin (Ig)-like fold was found in the proband and his father. We also found that the peak current of sodium channel was markedly reduced in mutant LMNA compared with WT while the activation, inactivation, and recovery curves were not significantly altered. The mutant lamin A/C were aggregated into multiple highlighted particles. Three β sheets and multiple side chains in Ig-like fold were altered due to the replacement of a valine by glutamic acid. CONCLUSION Our data associated a novel lamin A/C mutation (V445E) with a sudden death form of familial LVNC. The reduced sodium current in mutant LMNA may account for the advent of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. The altered structures of three β sheets and side chains may partially explain the aggregation of lamin A/C protein subjacent to the nuclear envelope.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glutamic Acid
- HEK293 Cells
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/diagnosis
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/genetics
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/metabolism
- Isolated Noncompaction of the Ventricular Myocardium/physiopathology
- Lamin Type A/chemistry
- Lamin Type A/genetics
- Lamin Type A/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Potentials
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Models, Molecular
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Mutation, Missense
- Phenotype
- Protein Aggregates
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Folding
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Transfection
- Valine
- Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis
- Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
- Ventricular Fibrillation/metabolism
- Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shan
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Hai-Dian District, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Cuihong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Jielin Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Physiology and Pathophysiology Laboratory, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Bei-Li-Shi Road, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
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Kron J, Ellenbogen K, Abbate A. Recurrent ventricular fibrillation in a young female carrying a previously unidentified RyR2 gene mutation. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:222-4. [PMID: 26298385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Kron
- Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Kenneth Ellenbogen
- Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Division of Cardiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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24
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Sivagangabalan G, Nazzari H, Bignolais O, Maguy A, Naud P, Farid T, Massé S, Gaborit N, Varro A, Nair K, Backx P, Vigmond E, Nattel S, Demolombe S, Nanthakumar K. Regional ion channel gene expression heterogeneity and ventricular fibrillation dynamics in human hearts. PLoS One 2014; 9:e82179. [PMID: 24427266 PMCID: PMC3888386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Structural differences between ventricular regions may not be the sole determinant of local ventricular fibrillation (VF) dynamics and molecular remodeling may play a role. OBJECTIVES To define regional ion channel expression in myopathic hearts compared to normal hearts, and correlate expression to regional VF dynamics. METHODS AND RESULTS High throughput real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the expression patterns of 84 ion-channel, calcium cycling, connexin and related gene transcripts from sites in the LV, septum, and RV in 8 patients undergoing transplantation. An additional eight non-diseased donor human hearts served as controls. To relate local ion channel expression change to VF dynamics localized VF mapping was performed on the explanted myopathic hearts right adjacent to sampled regions. Compared to non-diseased ventricles, significant differences (p<0.05) were identified in the expression of 23 genes in the myopathic LV and 32 genes in the myopathic RV. Within the myopathic hearts significant regional (LV vs septum vs RV) expression differences were observed for 13 subunits: Nav1.1, Cx43, Ca3.1, Cavα2δ2, Cavβ2, HCN2, Na/K ATPase-1, CASQ1, CASQ2, RYR2, Kir2.3, Kir3.4, SUR2 (p<0.05). In a subset of genes we demonstrated differences in protein expression between control and myopathic hearts, which were concordant with the mRNA expression profiles for these genes. Variability in the expression of Cx43, hERG, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase ß1 and Kir2.1 correlated to variability in local VF dynamics (p<0.001). To better understand the contribution of multiple ion channel changes on VF frequency, simulations of a human myocyte model were conducted. These simulations demonstrated the complex nature by which VF dynamics are regulated when multi-channel changes are occurring simultaneously, compared to known linear relationships. CONCLUSIONS Ion channel expression profile in myopathic human hearts is significantly altered compared to normal hearts. Multi-channel ion changes influence VF dynamic in a complex manner not predicted by known single channel linear relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivier Bignolais
- INSERM, UMR915, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CNRS, ERL3147, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ange Maguy
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Pessac, France
- Lab IMB, University Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Patrice Naud
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Pessac, France
- Lab IMB, University Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | | | | | - Nathalie Gaborit
- INSERM, UMR915, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CNRS, ERL3147, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Andras Varro
- University of Szeged and Division of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Edward Vigmond
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Pessac, France
- Lab IMB, University Bordeaux 1, Talence, France
| | - Stanley Nattel
- Montreal Heart Institute (MHI) and Université de Montréal Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sophie Demolombe
- INSERM, UMR915, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
- CNRS, ERL3147, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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25
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Merlo M, Sinagra G, Carniel E, Slavov D, Zhu X, Barbati G, Spezzacatene A, Ramani F, Salcedo E, Di Lenarda A, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG. Poor prognosis of rare sarcomeric gene variants in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:424-8. [PMID: 24119082 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the clinical and prognostic implications of rare variants in sarcomeric genes remain poorly understood. To address this question, we analyzed the outcome of rare sarcomeric gene variants in patients enrolled in our Familial Cardiomyopathy Registry. METHODS DCM families harboring rare sarcomeric variants in MYH6, MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TTN were identified. Genotype-phenotype association analysis was performed, and long-term survival-free from death or heart transplant was compared between carriers and noncarriers. RESULTS We found 24 rare variants (3 in MYH6, 3 in MYH7, 3 in MYBPC3, 2 in TNNT2, and 13 in TTN) affecting 52 subjects in 25 families. The phenotypes of variant carriers were severe (3 sudden deaths, 6 heart failure deaths, 8 heart transplants, 2 ventricular fibrillations). There was no difference in the overall long-term survival between carriers and the 33 noncarriers (p = 0.322). However after 50 years of age, the combined endpoint of death or transplant was decreased in carriers as compared to noncarriers (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Patients with DCM carrying rare variants in sarcomeric genes manifest a poorer prognosis as compared to noncarriers after the age of 50 years. These data further support the role of genetic testing in DCM for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Merlo
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti,"and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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26
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Son MK, Ki CS, Park SJ, Huh J, Kim JS, On YK. Genetic mutation in Korean patients of sudden cardiac arrest as a surrogating marker of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:1021-6. [PMID: 23853484 PMCID: PMC3708072 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.7.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation or common intronic variants in cardiac ion channel genes have been suggested to be associated with sudden cardiac death caused by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia. This study aimed to find mutations in cardiac ion channel genes of Korean sudden cardiac arrest patients with structurally normal heart and to verify association between common genetic variation in cardiac ion channel and sudden cardiac arrest by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in Koreans. Study participants were Korean survivors of sudden cardiac arrest caused by idiopathic ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation. All coding exons of the SCN5A, KCNQ1, and KCNH2 genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. Fifteen survivors of sudden cardiac arrest were included. Three male patients had mutations in SCN5A gene and none in KCNQ1 and KCNH2 genes. Intronic variant (rs2283222) in KCNQ1 gene showed significant association with sudden cardiac arrest (OR 4.05). Four male sudden cardiac arrest survivors had intronic variant (rs11720524) in SCN5A gene. None of female survivors of sudden cardiac arrest had SCN5A gene mutations despite similar frequencies of intronic variants between males and females in 55 normal controls. Common intronic variant in KCNQ1 gene is associated with sudden cardiac arrest caused by idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmia in Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Kyun Son
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Jung Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter G Postema
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Nakano Y, Chayama K, Ochi H, Toshishige M, Hayashida Y, Miki D, Hayes CN, Suzuki H, Tokuyama T, Oda N, Suenari K, Uchimura-Makita Y, Kajihara K, Sairaku A, Motoda C, Fujiwara M, Watanabe Y, Yoshida Y, Ohkubo K, Watanabe I, Nogami A, Hasegawa K, Watanabe H, Endo N, Aiba T, Shimizu W, Ohno S, Horie M, Arihiro K, Tashiro S, Makita N, Kihara Y. A nonsynonymous polymorphism in semaphorin 3A as a risk factor for human unexplained cardiac arrest with documented ventricular fibrillation. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003364. [PMID: 23593010 PMCID: PMC3623806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexplained cardiac arrest (UCA) with documented ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death. Abnormal sympathetic innervations have been shown to be a trigger of ventricular fibrillation. Further, adequate expression of SEMA3A was reported to be critical for normal patterning of cardiac sympathetic innervation. We investigated the relevance of the semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) gene located at chromosome 5 in the etiology of UCA. Eighty-three Japanese patients diagnosed with UCA and 2,958 healthy controls from two different geographic regions in Japan were enrolled. A nonsynonymous polymorphism (I334V, rs138694505A>G) in exon 10 of the SEMA3A gene identified through resequencing was significantly associated with UCA (combined P = 0.0004, OR 3.08, 95%CI 1.67-5.7). Overall, 15.7% of UCA patients carried the risk genotype G, whereas only 5.6% did in controls. In patients with SEMA3A(I334V), VF predominantly occurred at rest during the night. They showed sinus bradycardia, and their RR intervals on the 12-lead electrocardiography tended to be longer than those in patients without SEMA3A(I334V) (1031±111 ms versus 932±182 ms, P = 0.039). Immunofluorescence staining of cardiac biopsy specimens revealed that sympathetic nerves, which are absent in the subendocardial layer in normal hearts, extended to the subendocardial layer only in patients with SEMA3A(I334V). Functional analyses revealed that the axon-repelling and axon-collapsing activities of mutant SEMA3A(I334V) genes were significantly weaker than those of wild-type SEMA3A genes. A high incidence of SEMA3A(I334V) in UCA patients and inappropriate innervation patterning in their hearts implicate involvement of the SEMA3A gene in the pathogenesis of UCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
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29
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Huertas-Vazquez A, Teodorescu C, Reinier K, Uy-Evanado A, Chugh H, Jerger K, Ayala J, Gunson K, Jui J, Newton-Cheh C, Albert CM, Chugh SS. A common missense variant in the neuregulin 1 gene is associated with both schizophrenia and sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm 2013; 10:994-8. [PMID: 23524320 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both schizophrenia and epilepsy have been linked to increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). We hypothesized that DNA variants within genes previously associated with schizophrenia and epilepsy may contribute to an increased risk of SCD. OBJECTIVE To investigate the contribution to SCD susceptibility of DNA variants previously implicated in schizophrenia and epilepsy. METHODS From the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study, comparisons were performed among 340 SCD cases presenting with ventricular fibrillation and 342 controls. We tested for the association between 17 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapped to 14 loci previously implicated in schizophrenia and epilepsy by using logistic regression and assuming additive, dominant, and recessive genetic models. RESULTS The minor allele of the nonsynonymous SNP rs10503929 within the neuregulin 1 gene was associated with SCD under all 3 investigated models, with the strongest association for the recessive genetic model (recessive P = 4.01 × 10(-5), odds ratio [OR] 4.04; additive P = 2.84 × 10(-7), OR 1.9; and dominant P = 9.01 × 10(-6), OR 2.06). To validate our findings, we further explored the association of this variant in the Harvard Cohort SCD study. The SNP rs10503929 was associated with an increased risk of SCD under the recessive genetic model (P = .0005, OR 2.7). This missense variation causes a methionine to threonine change and functional effects are currently unknown. CONCLUSIONS The observed association between a schizophrenia-related neuregulin 1 gene variant and SCD may represent the first evidence of coexisting genetic susceptibility between 2 conditions that have an established clinical overlap. Further investigation is warranted to explore the molecular mechanisms of this variant in the pathogenesis of SCD.
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Pazoki R, de Jong JS, Marsman RF, Bruinsma N, Dekker LRC, Wilde AAM, Bezzina CR, Tanck MWT. SNPs identified as modulators of ECG traits in the general population do not markedly affect ECG traits during acute myocardial infarction nor ventricular fibrillation risk in this condition. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57216. [PMID: 23437344 PMCID: PMC3577709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in the setting of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a leading cause of mortality. Although the risk of VF has a genetic component, the underlying genetic factors are largely unknown. Since heart rate and ECG intervals of conduction and repolarization during acute STEMI differ between patients who do and patients who do not develop VF, we investigated whether SNPs known to modulate these ECG indices in the general population also impact on the respective ECG indices during STEMI and on the risk of VF. Methods and Results The study population consisted of participants of the Arrhythmia Genetics in the NEtherlandS (AGNES) study, which enrols patients with a first STEMI that develop VF (cases) and patients that do not develop VF (controls). SNPs known to impact on RR interval, PR interval, QRS duration or QTc interval in the general population were tested for effects on the respective STEMI ECG indices (stage 1). Only those showing a (suggestive) significant association were tested for association with VF (stage 2). On average, VF cases had a shorter RR and a longer QTc interval compared to non-VF controls. Eight SNPs showed a trend for association with the respective STEMI ECG indices. Of these, three were also suggestively associated with VF. Conclusions RR interval and ECG indices of conduction and repolarization during acute STEMI differ between patients who develop VF and patients who do not. Although the effects of the SNPs on ECG indices during an acute STEMI seem to be similar in magnitude and direction as those found in the general population, the effects, at least in isolation, are too small to explain the differences in ECGs between cases and controls and to determine risk of VF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raha Pazoki
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas S.S.G. de Jong
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roos F. Marsman
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bruinsma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas R. C. Dekker
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur A. M. Wilde
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Heart Failure Research Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MWTT); (CRB)
| | - Michael W. T. Tanck
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (MWTT); (CRB)
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Abstract
Management strategies for ventricular arrhythmias are guided by the risk of sudden death and severity of symptoms. Patients with a substantial risk of sudden death usually need an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Although ICDs effectively end most episodes of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and decrease mortality in specific populations of patients, they have inherent risks and limitations. Generally, antiarrhythmic drugs do not provide sufficient protection from sudden death, but do have a role in reducing arrhythmias that cause symptoms. Catheter ablation is likewise important for reducing the frequency of spontaneous arrhythmias and is curative for some patients, usually those with idiopathic arrhythmias and no heart disease. Arrhythmia surgery is now infrequent, offered by only a few specialised centres for refractory arrhythmias. Advances in understanding of genetic arrhythmia syndromes and in technology for mapping and ablation of ventricular arrhythmias, and enhanced algorithms in implantable devices for rhythm management, have contributed to improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy M John
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Vatta M, Chen PS. CaMKII and ryanodine receptor as new antiarrhythmic targets. Heart Rhythm 2012; 9:2042-3. [PMID: 22982962 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The Brugada Syndrome (BS) is a "channellopathy," characterized by ion (e.g., sodium, calcium, and potassium) channel dysfunction and typical ECG alterations, originally described by Osher and Wolff in 1953 and further elucidated by Josep and Pedro Brugada in 1991. BS is typically associated with a high risk for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young and otherwise healthy adults. Although in several patients the heart is structurally normal, subtle structural abnormalities in the right ventricular outflow tract are increasingly been reported. The worldwide prevalence of this disorder is still uncertain, and there are some significant regional differences. The syndrome is characterized by a strong genetic basis, and several mutations have been identified in genes encoding subunits of cardiac sodium, potassium, and calcium channels, as well as in genes involved in the trafficking or regulation of these channels. Accordingly, eight types of BS (from BS1 to BS8) have already been described, involving mutations in SCN5A, GPD1-L, CACNA1c, CACNB2b, SCN1B, KCNE3, SCN3B, and HCN4 genes. The vast majority (i.e., up to two-third) of BS patients is asymptomatic, whereas the leading clinical manifestation is polymorphic ventricular tachycardia that can degenerate into ventricular fibrillation (VF) and SCD. The diagnosis is still challenging, and ECG abnormalities represent one component of the diagnostic criteria which also include clinical and demographic data. Although molecular genetic testing is effective in detecting mutations in 20-38% of BS patients, it represents an appealing option for stratifying the risk of adverse events as well as for prenatal testing.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Brugada Syndrome/complications
- Brugada Syndrome/genetics
- Brugada Syndrome/metabolism
- Brugada Syndrome/physiopathology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Electrocardiography
- Genetic Testing
- Heart Ventricles/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/physiopathology
- Humans
- Mutation
- Potassium Channels/genetics
- Risk Factors
- Sodium Channels/genetics
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/genetics
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/genetics
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Fibrillation/complications
- Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
- Ventricular Fibrillation/metabolism
- Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lippi
- U.O. Diagnostica Ematochimica, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To survey recent developments in the field of genetics encompassing discovery of new candidate genes, new diagnostic strategies, and new therapies for sudden cardiac death (SCD) syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to new mutations in known SCD genes, several novel genes not previously implicated in SCD causation have been found, particularly in long QT syndrome (e.g., KCNJ5, AKAP9, SNTA1), idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (e.g., DPP6, KCNJ8), dilated cardiomyopathy (e.g., NEBL), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; e.g., NEXN). Genetic SCD animal models have provided novel insights into the cellular mechanism and pathogenesis of nearly all the major SCD syndromes, which has led to several new drug therapies for patients with genetic arrhythmia syndromes (e.g., flecainide in catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia). Furthermore, genetic contributions to acquired heart diseases are increasingly being recognized. For example, a 21q21 locus is strongly associated with ventricular fibrillation after myocardial infarction. Near this locus is CXADR, a gene encoding a viral receptor implicated in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Finally, common variants in cardiac ion channels and proteins likely contribute to common cardiac phenotypes. SUMMARY Major strides have been made in uncovering new genes, mechanisms, and syndromes that have significantly advanced the diagnosis and treatment of genetic SCD disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Björn C. Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology
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Postema PG, Christiaans I, Alders M, Hofman N, Wilde AAM. [Premature sudden death--consider serious familial heart rhythm disturbances]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2011; 155:A3391. [PMID: 21961687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe 3 patients from a region in the centre of the Netherlands with several relatives who died prematurely from sudden cardiac arrest. These premature deaths appeared to be caused by a unique familial sudden death syndrome. These patients and their relatives did not present any distinguishable signs, symptoms or abnormalities on further examinations apart from premature cardiac arrest occurring in about 50% of the affected family members before the age of 60 years. Genetic analysis appeared to be the only means to identify family members at risk, carrying lethal changes in their DNA that presumably involve the DPP6-gene. Patients who survive a premature sudden cardiac arrest and relatives of patients who died prematurely from sudden cardiac arrest should be referred to a cardiogenetics outpatient clinic. Timely recognition of persons affected allows appropriate treatment and may implicate an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter G Postema
- Academisch Medisch Centrum, Afd. Cardiologie, Hartfaal Centrum, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Kukla P, Petkow-Dimitrow P, Jastrzebski M, Bednarek J, Lelakowski J, Bryniarski L. [Malignant form of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated with ventricular fibrillation in siblings. Electrocardiogram in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - a review]. Kardiol Pol 2009; 67:774-781. [PMID: 19650001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (15-year-old boy, his 17-year-old sister and 45-year-old father) is described. The first sign of HCM was cardiac arrest (CA) due to ventricular fibrillation (VF) in a boy. A few months later sister of proband had the episode of CA due to VF. Both had implanted cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Echocardiography revealed HCM in both cases and in a father, who also received prophylactic ICD. During 24-month follow-up fast VT was observed in sister of proband. We review electrocardiographic changes in HCM and their correlation with magnetic resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kukla
- Oddział Chorób Wewnetrznych, Szpital Specjalistyczny, Gorlice.
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Kukla P, Jastrzebski M. [Ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction - do genes play a role?]. Kardiol Pol 2008; 66:1113-1117. [PMID: 19006036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present two patients with ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). First patient had torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia episodes degenerating into VF 10 days after AMI treated with primary angioplasty. Second patient had multiple episodes of VF during the first day of AMI. He showed ST-segment elevation resembling Brugada pattern. We hypothesise that shape of ST-segment elevation during AMI might be important in assessing risk for VF. We propose that such 'arrhythmogenic' ST elevation might result more from systolic rather than diastolic current of injury during AMI. We discuss genetic predispositions (latent channellopathies) for VF during AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kukla
- Oddział Chorób Wewnetrznych, Szpital Specjalistyczny im. H. Klimontowicza, Gorlice.
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Elmas E, Ahmad-Nejad P, Weiss C, Neumaier M, Borggrefe M. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), factor II (FII), FXIII and fibrinogen polymorphisms are not associated with the prevalence of sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation during myocardial infarction. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1329-31. [PMID: 18785870 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Purely electrical heart diseases, defined by the absence of any structural cardiac defects, are responsible for a large number of sudden, unexpected deaths in otherwise healthy, young individuals. These conditions include the long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and the short QT syndrome. Collectively, these conditions have been referred to as channelopathies. Ion channels provide the molecular basis for cardiac electrical activity. These channels have specific ion selectivity and are responsible for the precise and timely regulation of the passage of charged ions across the cell membrane in myocytes, and the summation of their activity in cardiac muscle defines the surface electrocardiogram. Impairment in the flow of these ions in heart cells may mean the difference between a normal, prosperous life and the tragedy of a sudden, unexpected death due to ventricular arrhythmia. The present paper reviews the current clinical and molecular understanding of the electrical diseases of the heart associated with sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Farwell
- Arrhythmia Service, University of Ottawa Heart Institute
| | - Michael H Gollob
- Arrhythmia Research Laboratory, and Departments of Medicine, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario
- Correspondence: Dr Michael Gollob, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Room H350, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7. Telephone 613-761-5016, fax 613-761-5060, e-mail
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Hu D, Viskin S, Oliva A, Carrier T, Cordeiro JM, Barajas-Martinez H, Wu Y, Burashnikov E, Sicouri S, Brugada R, Rosso R, Guerchicoff A, Pollevick GD, Antzelevitch C. Novel mutation in the SCN5A gene associated with arrhythmic storm development during acute myocardial infarction. Heart Rhythm 2007; 4:1072-80. [PMID: 17675083 PMCID: PMC1978483 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) complicating Brugada syndrome, a genetic disorder linked to SCN5A mutations, and VF complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) both have been linked to phase 2 reentry. OBJECTIVE Given the mechanistic similarities in arrhythmogenesis, the purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of SCN5A mutations to VT/VF complicating AMI. METHODS Nineteen consecutive patients developing VF during AMI were enrolled in the study. Wild-type (WT) and mutant SCN5A genes were coexpressed with SCN1B in TSA201 cells and studied using whole-cell patch clamp techniques. RESULTS Among the cohort of 19 patients, one missense mutation (G400A) in SCN5A was detected in a conserved region. An H558R polymorphism was detected on the same allele. Unlike the other 18 patients, who each developed 1-2 VF episodes during AMI, the mutation carrier developed six episodes of VT/VF within the first 12 hours. All VT/VF episodes were associated with ST-segment changes and were initiated by short-coupled extrasystoles. Flecainide and adenosine challenge performed to unmask Brugada and long QT syndromes both were negative. Peak G400A and G400A+H558R current were 70.7% and 88.4% less than WT current at -35 mV (P </=.001). G400A current decay was accelerated and steady-state inactivation was shifted -6.39 mV (V(1/2) = -98.9 +/- 0.1 mV vs -92.5 +/- 0.1 mV, P </=.001). No mutations were detected in KCNH2, KCNQ1, KCNE1, or KCNE2 in the G400A patient. CONCLUSION We describe the first sodium channel mutation to be associated with the development of an arrhythmic storm during acute ischemia. These findings suggest that a loss of function in SCN5A may predispose to ischemia-induced arrhythmic storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Hu
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sami Viskin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Antonio Oliva
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Hector Barajas-Martinez
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
- South University Center (CUSUR) and Human Genetics Programs of the University of Guadalajara (CIBO-CUCS), Cd. Guzman, Jalisco, México
| | - Yuesheng Wu
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | | | - Serge Sicouri
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Ramon Brugada
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Rosso
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Leong DP, Stiles MK, John B, Lau DH, Young GD, Sanders P. Spontaneous Degeneration of Supraventricular Tachycardia to Ventricular Fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2007; 18:336-7. [PMID: 17239143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2006.00710.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl P Leong
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia
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Antzelevitch C, Pollevick GD, Cordeiro JM, Casis O, Sanguinetti MC, Aizawa Y, Guerchicoff A, Pfeiffer R, Oliva A, Wollnik B, Gelber P, Bonaros EP, Burashnikov E, Wu Y, Sargent JD, Schickel S, Oberheiden R, Bhatia A, Hsu LF, Haïssaguerre M, Schimpf R, Borggrefe M, Wolpert C. Loss-of-function mutations in the cardiac calcium channel underlie a new clinical entity characterized by ST-segment elevation, short QT intervals, and sudden cardiac death. Circulation 2007; 115:442-9. [PMID: 17224476 PMCID: PMC1952683 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.668392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac ion channelopathies are responsible for an ever-increasing number and diversity of familial cardiac arrhythmia syndromes. We describe a new clinical entity that consists of an ST-segment elevation in the right precordial ECG leads, a shorter-than-normal QT interval, and a history of sudden cardiac death. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-two consecutive probands with Brugada syndrome were screened for ion channel gene mutations with direct sequencing. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed, and CHO-K1 cells were cotransfected with cDNAs encoding wild-type or mutant CACNB2b (Ca(v beta2b)), CACNA2D1 (Ca(v alpha2delta1)), and CACNA1C tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (Ca(v)1.2). Whole-cell patch-clamp studies were performed after 48 to 72 hours. Three probands displaying ST-segment elevation and corrected QT intervals < or = 360 ms had mutations in genes encoding the cardiac L-type calcium channel. Corrected QT ranged from 330 to 370 ms among probands and clinically affected family members. Rate adaptation of QT interval was reduced. Quinidine normalized the QT interval and prevented stimulation-induced ventricular tachycardia. Genetic and heterologous expression studies revealed loss-of-function missense mutations in CACNA1C (A39V and G490R) and CACNB2 (S481L) encoding the alpha1- and beta2b-subunits of the L-type calcium channel. Confocal microscopy revealed a defect in trafficking of A39V Ca(v)1.2 channels but normal trafficking of channels containing G490R Ca(v)1.2 or S481L Ca(v beta2b)-subunits. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of loss-of-function mutations in genes encoding the cardiac L-type calcium channel to be associated with a familial sudden cardiac death syndrome in which a Brugada syndrome phenotype is combined with shorter-than-normal QT intervals.
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MESH Headings
- Angina, Unstable/physiopathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology
- Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control
- Electrocardiography
- Humans
- Ion Channels/genetics
- Ion Channels/physiopathology
- Long QT Syndrome/genetics
- Long QT Syndrome/physiopathology
- Mutation/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Risk Factors
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/complications
- Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Fibrillation/complications
- Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
- Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathology
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Vernooy K, Sicouri S, Dumaine R, Hong K, Oliva A, Burashnikov E, Timmermans C, Delhaas T, Crijns HJ, Antzelevitch C, Rodriguez LM, Brugada R. Genetic and biophysical basis for bupivacaine-induced ST segment elevation and VT/VF. Anesthesia unmasked Brugada syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2006; 3:1074-8. [PMID: 16945804 PMCID: PMC1993838 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2006.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome is an inherited disease associated with sudden cardiac death. The electrocardiographic pattern associated with Brugada syndrome has been linked to the use of sodium channel blockers, including antiarrhythmics, trycyclics and anesthetics. OBJECTIVE We report a case of bupivacaine-induced Brugada syndrome, in which we investigated the genetic, biophysical and path physiological mechanism involved. METHODS AND RESULTS The patient developed a Brugada-like electrocardiographic pattern twice under the influence of bupivacaine. The first occurrence was accompanied by ventricular tachycardia (VT) which subsided after withdrawal of the anesthetic. The VT was also observed during co-administration of diltiazem and isosorbide-5-mononitrate, agents thought to facilitate ST segment elevation in the Brugada syndrome. Genetic analysis revealed a missense mutation in the alpha subunit of the cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A. Biophysical analysis by whole-cell patch-clamping revealed a reduction in sodium current as a result of the mutation. The study of bupivacaine in the wedge model revealed use-dependent changes in conduction, heterogeneous loss of the action potential dome in RV epicardium and phase 2 re-entry when the preparations were pretreated with low concentrations of the calcium channel blocker verapamil. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that bupivacaine may induce the electrocardiographic and arrhythmic manifestations of the Brugada syndrome in silent carriers of SCN5A mutations. The data have important implications in the management of patients who develop ST segment elevation when under the influence of anesthetics such as bupivacaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Serge Sicouri
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Robert Dumaine
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Kui Hong
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | - Antonio Oliva
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York, USA
| | | | - Carl Timmermans
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Harry J.G.M Crijns
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Luz-Maria Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Fontaine G, Fornes P, Frank R. Letter regarding article by Coronel et al, "right ventricular fibrosis and conduction delay in a patient with clinical signs of Brugada syndrome: a combined electrophysiological, genetic, histopathologic, and computational study". Circulation 2006; 113:e726; author reply e726-7. [PMID: 16639785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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Priori SG, Napolitano C, Gasparini M. Letters Regarding Article by Coronel et al, “Right Ventricular Fibrosis and Conduction Delay in a Patient With Clinical Signs of Brugada Syndrome: A Combined Electrophysiological, Genetic, Histopathologic, and Computational Study”. Circulation 2006; 113:e726; author reply 726-7. [PMID: 16636182 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.603092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Keller DI, Huang H, Zhao J, Frank R, Suarez V, Delacrétaz E, Brink M, Osswald S, Schwick N, Chahine M. A novel SCN5A mutation, F1344S, identified in a patient with Brugada syndrome and fever-induced ventricular fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 70:521-9. [PMID: 16616735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 02/03/2006] [Accepted: 02/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brugada syndrome (BS) is an inherited electrical cardiac disorder characterized by right bundle branch block pattern and ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3 on surface electrocardiogram that can potentially lead to malignant ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death. About 20% of patients have mutations in the only so far identified gene, SCN5A, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the human cardiac voltage-dependent sodium channel (hNa(v)1.5). Fever has been shown to unmask or trigger the BS phenotype, but the associated molecular and the biophysical mechanisms are still poorly understood. We report on the identification and biophysical characterization of a novel heterozygous missense mutation in SCN5A, F1344S, in a 42-year-old male patient showing the BS phenotype leading to ventricular fibrillation during fever. METHODS The mutation was reproduced in vitro using site-directed mutagenesis and characterized using the patch clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. RESULTS The biophysical characterization of the channels carrying the F1344S mutation revealed a 10 mV mid-point shift of the G/V curve toward more positive voltages during activation. Raising the temperature to 40.5 degrees C further shifted the mid-point activation by 18 mV and significantly changed the slope factor in Na(v)1.5/F1344S mutant channels from -6.49 to -10.27 mV. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate for the first time that the shift in activation and change in the slope factor at a higher temperature mimicking fever could reduce sodium currents' amplitude and trigger the manifestation of the BS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar I Keller
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland
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Coronel R, Casini S, Koopmann TT, Wilms-Schopman FJG, Verkerk AO, de Groot JR, Bhuiyan Z, Bezzina CR, Veldkamp MW, Linnenbank AC, van der Wal AC, Tan HL, Brugada P, Wilde AAM, de Bakker JMT. Right ventricular fibrosis and conduction delay in a patient with clinical signs of Brugada syndrome: a combined electrophysiological, genetic, histopathologic, and computational study. Circulation 2006; 112:2769-77. [PMID: 16267250 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.105.532614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of ECG changes and arrhythmogenesis in Brugada syndrome (BS) patients is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS A BS patient without clinically detected cardiac structural abnormalities underwent cardiac transplantation for intolerable numbers of implantable cardioverter/defibrillator discharges. The patient's explanted heart was studied electrophysiologically and histopathologically. Whole-cell currents were measured in HEK293 cells expressing wild-type or mutated sodium channels from the patient. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) endocardium showed activation slowing and was the origin of ventricular fibrillation without a transmural repolarization gradient. Conduction restitution was abnormal in the RVOT but normal in the left ventricle. Right ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis with epicardial fatty infiltration were present. HEK293 cells expressing a G1935S mutation in the gene encoding the cardiac sodium channel exhibited enhanced slow inactivation compared with wild-type channels. Computer simulations demonstrated that conduction slowing in the RVOT might have been the cause of the ECG changes. CONCLUSIONS In this patient with BS, conduction slowing based on interstitial fibrosis, but not transmural repolarization differences, caused the ECG signs and was the origin of ventricular fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Coronel
- Experimental and Molecular Cardiology Group, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tester DJ, Kopplin LJ, Will ML, Ackerman MJ. Spectrum and prevalence of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) mutations in a cohort of unrelated patients referred explicitly for long QT syndrome genetic testing. Heart Rhythm 2006; 2:1099-105. [PMID: 16188589 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2005.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the RyR2-encoded cardiac ryanodine receptor/calcium release channel cause type 1 catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT1). OBJECTIVES Because CPVT and concealed long QT syndrome (LQTS) phenotypically mimic one other, we sought to determine the spectrum and prevalence of RyR2 mutations in a cohort of unrelated patients who were referred specifically for LQTS genetic testing. METHODS Using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct DNA sequencing, targeted mutational analysis of 23 RyR2 exons previously implicated in CPVT1 was performed on genomic DNA from 269 unrelated patients (180 females, average age at diagnosis 24 +/- 17 years) who were referred to Mayo Clinic's Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory for LQTS genetic testing. Previously, comprehensive mutational analysis of the five LQTS-associated cardiac channel genes proved negative for this entire subset of patients now designated as "genotype-negative" LQTS referrals. RESULTS Fifteen distinct RyR2 mutations (14 missense, 1 duplication/insertion, 12 novel) were found in 17 (6.3%) of 269 patients. None of these mutations were present in 400 reference alleles. Two mutations localized to the calstabin-2 (FKBP12.6) binding domain. Upon review of the clinical records, the referral diagnosis for all 17 patients was "atypical" or "borderline" LQTS. CONCLUSION Putative pathogenic CPVT1-causing mutations in RyR2 were detected in 6% of unrelated, genotype-negative LQTS referrals. These findings suggest that CPVT may be underrecognized among physicians referring patients because of a suspected channelopathy. A diagnosis of "atypical LQTS" may warrant consideration of CPVT and analysis of RyR2 if the standard cardiac channel gene screen for LQTS is negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Tester
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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