1
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Gutierrez-Benitez L, Biarge G, Salcedo E, Asaad M. Scharioth macula lens: Three-year follow-up. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:104006. [PMID: 37925324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gutierrez-Benitez
- Ophthalmology department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Hospital de Terrassa, Carr. Torrebonica, s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - G Biarge
- Ophthalmology department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Hospital de Terrassa, Carr. Torrebonica, s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Salcedo
- Ophthalmology department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Hospital de Terrassa, Carr. Torrebonica, s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Asaad
- Ophthalmology department, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Hospital de Terrassa, Carr. Torrebonica, s/n, 08227 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Salas B, Ferrera-Alayón L, Espinosa-López A, Vera-Rosas A, Salcedo E, Kannemann A, Alayon A, Chicas-Sett R, LLoret M, Lara P. Dose-escalated SBRT for borderline and locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Feasibility, safety and preliminary clinical results of a multicenter study. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2024; 45:100753. [PMID: 38433951 PMCID: PMC10907515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2024.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) allows for the administration of a higher biologically effective doses (BED), that would be essential to achieve durable tumor control. Escalating treatment doses need a very accurate tumor positioning and motion control during radiotherapy.The aim of this study to assess the feasibility and safety of a Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB) dose-escalated protocol at 45 Gy, 50 Gy and 55 Gy in 5 consecutive daily fractions, in Border Line Resectable Pancreatic Cancer (BRCP) /Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (LAPC) by means of a standard LINAC platform. Methods Patients diagnosed of BRPC/LAPC, candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and SBRT, in four university hospitals of the province of Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain) were included in this prospective study. Radiotherapy was administered using standard technology (LINACS) with advanced positioning (Lipiodol® and metallic stent used as fiducial markers) and tumor motion control (4D, DBH, Calypso®). There were 3 planned dose-escalated SIB groups, 45 Gy/5f (9 patients) 50 Gy/5f (9 + 9 patients) and 55 Gy/5f (9 patients). The defined primary end points of the study were the safety and feasibility of the proposed treatment protocol. Secondary endpoints included radiological tumor response after SBRT, local control and survival. Results From June 2017 to December 2022, sixty-two patients were initially assessed for eligibility in the study in the four participating centers, and 49 were candidates for chemotherapy (CHT). Forty-one were referred to radiotherapy after CHT and 33 finally were treated by escalated-dose SIB, 45 Gy (9 patients) 50 Gy (16 patients), 55 Gy(8 patients). All patients completed the scheduled treatment and no acute or late severe (≥grade3) gastrointestinal toxicity was observed.Local response was analyzed by CT/MRI two months after the end of SBRT. Ten patients (31,25 %) achieved objective response (2/9:45 Gy, 5/15:50 Gy, 3/8:55 Gy). Follow-up was closed as July 2023. Freedom from local progression at 1-2y were 89,3% (95 %CI:83,4-95,2%) and 66 % (95 %CI:54,6-77,4%) respectively. The 1-2y survival rates were 95,7% (95 %CI:91,4-100 % and 48,6% (95 %CI:37,7-59,5%) respectively. Conclusion These promising results should be confirmed by further studies with larger sample size and extended follow-up period.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Salas
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - L. Ferrera-Alayón
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (ULPGC) ,C. Juan de Quesada, 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain
| | - A. Espinosa-López
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Madrid-Cartagena, S/N, 30120 El Palmar (Murcia), Spain
| | - A. Vera-Rosas
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - E. Salcedo
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A. Kannemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A. Alayon
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - R. Chicas-Sett
- Department of Radiation Oncology, ASCIRES GRUPO BIOMEDICO, Valencia, Spain
| | - M. LLoret
- Department of Radiation Oncology University Hospital Dr Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Barranco de la Ballena s/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University (ULPGC) ,C. Juan de Quesada, 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria,Spain
- Instituto Canario de Investigacion del Cáncer ICIC
| | - P.C. Lara
- Instituto Canario de Investigacion del Cáncer ICIC
- Canarian Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology University Hospital San Roque, C. Dolores de la Rocha, 5, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Fernando Pessoa Canarias University, Calle la Juventud, s/n, 35450 Guía, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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3
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Xi R, McLaughlin S, Salcedo E, Tizzano M. The nasal solitary chemosensory cell signaling pathway triggers mouse avoidance behavior to inhaled nebulized irritants. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0245-22.2023. [PMID: 36941059 PMCID: PMC10101550 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0245-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium houses a population of solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs). SCCs express bitter taste receptors and taste transduction signaling components and are innervated by peptidergic trigeminal polymodal nociceptive nerve fibers. Thus, nasal SCCs respond to bitter compounds, including bacterial metabolites, and these reactions evoke protective respiratory reflexes and innate immune and inflammatory responses. We tested whether SCCs are implicated in aversive behavior to specific inhaled nebulized irritants using a custom-built dual-chamber forced-choice device. The behavior of mice was recorded and analyzed for the time spent in each chamber. Wild-type (WT) mice exhibited an aversion to 10 mM denatonium benzoate (Den) or cycloheximide and spent more time in the control (saline) chamber. The SCC-pathway knockout (KO) mice did not exhibit such an aversion response. The bitter avoidance behavior of WT mice was positively correlated with the concentration increase of Den and the number of exposures. Bitter-ageusic P2X2/3 double KO mice similarly showed an avoidance response to nebulized Den, excluding the taste system's involvement and pointing to an SCC-mediated major contributor to the aversive response. Interestingly, SCC-pathway KO mice showed an attraction to higher Den concentrations; however, chemical ablation of the olfactory epithelium eliminated this attraction attributed to the smell of Den. These results demonstrate that activation of SCCs leads to a rapid aversive response to certain classes of irritants with olfaction, but not gustation, contributing to the avoidance behavior during subsequent irritant exposures. This SCC-mediated avoidance behavior represents an important defense mechanism against the inhalation of noxious chemicals.Significance statementWith every breath, harmful compounds can assault the nasal cavity, which can cause insults ranging from simple nasal congestion and inflammation to permanent damage or even death. Research has shown that the trigeminal chemosensory system in the nose and nasal solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) help detect harmful inhaled compounds, evoking physical and chemical protective responses such as respiratory-protective reflexes and inflammatory and immune responses. The SCC-mediated avoidance behavior, reported in detail here, represents an important defense mechanism against inhaling noxious chemicals to minimize mucosal damage. Altogether, the SCC trigeminal and sensory systems, assisted by the olfactory system, represent powerful protective layers against inhalation of harmful chemicals and respiratory damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhui Xi
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030
| | - Sean McLaughlin
- Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BLDG RC1 South, 12801 E. 17th Ave Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Marco Tizzano
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030
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4
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Vergara MN, Secora CN, Vielle A, Wang AC, Lenhart P, Salcedo E, Johnson NR, Ahmed MM, Chial HJ, Boyd TD, Potter H. Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates Retinal Alzheimer’s Disease Histopathology in the TgF344 Rat Model. Alzheimers Dement 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.068278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Natalia Vergara
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA
| | - Conner N Secora
- CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Anne Vielle
- University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA
| | - Athena Ching‐Jung Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Patricia Lenhart
- CellSight Ocular Stem Cell and Regeneration Program, Sue Anschutz‐Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Noah R Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Md. Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Heidi J Chial
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Timothy D. Boyd
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
| | - Huntington Potter
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Alzheimer's and Cognition Center, and the Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora CO USA
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Hull A, Salcedo E, Stratford J, Hight M, Bunker H, Lee L. Embryorigami: The Educational Impact of 4D Virtual Folding Embryo Model on Student Learning and Confidence. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Hull
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | | | | | - Marissa Hight
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Hailey Bunker
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Lisa Lee
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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6
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MacDonald A, Cooper M, Cooper C, Salcedo E, Lee L. No Need to Reinvent ‐ Augmenting a Flipped Class Histology Curriculum with a Commercial Online Course. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis MacDonald
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | | | | | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Cell & Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Lisa Lee
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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7
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Hight M, Salcedo E, Stratford J, Bunker H, Jacobson N, Hull A, Lee L. Change of Heart: Virtual Embryonic 3D Heart Model with Interchangeable Conotruncal Septa Promotes Clinically Oriented Learning. FASEB J 2021. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2021.35.s1.04200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Hight
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
- Dept of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Jennifer Stratford
- Dept of Psychology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO
| | - Hailey Bunker
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Nicholas Jacobson
- InWorks Innovation InitiativeUniversity of Colorado AnschutzAuroraCO
- University of Colorado AnschutzAuroraCO
| | - Andrew Hull
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Lisa Lee
- Modern Human Anatomy ProgramUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
- Dept of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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8
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Cannata A, Merlo M, Manca P, Dal Ferro M, Paldino A, Artico J, Gentile P, Jirikowic J, Todd E, Salcedo E, Graw S, McDonagh T, Taylor M, Mestroni L, Sinagra G. The late-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) represents a specific subgroup of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Little is known about the genotypic characterization of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients diagnosed over 60 years of age.
Aim
To investigate prevalence, characterization and prognostic impact of the genetic background of late-onset DCM patients.
Methods
We analyzed a study population of 566 DCM patients from two international referral centers. Genetic background was analyzed and patients were grouped into typical-onset DCM (<60 years of age at diagnosis) or late-onset DCM (>60 years of age at diagnosis).
Results
Approximately 12% of patients (n=70) had late-onset DCM and female sex was significantly more frequent in the late-onset DCM cohort (p<0.001). Diagnostic yield of genetic testing was comparable between typical- and late-onset DCM (53% vs 50%, respectively p=0.438) whereas the prevalence of Titin gene truncation variants (TTNtv) was higher in the late-onset DCM group compared to the younger cohort (23% vs 13% respectively; p<0.05). Notably, patients with late-onset genetic DCM had comparable long-term outcomes to those with typical-onset DCM.
Conclusions
Late-onset DCM patients have nearly double the rate of TTNtv mutations and are more likely to be female compared to younger DCM patients. These observed differences in mutational makeup and sex may reveal insights into age and sex dependent mechanisms for TTNtv and should prompt further study. Notably, the increased prevalence of TTNtv and female sex did not translate into noticeable differences in rates of measurable cardiac events.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cannata
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Merlo
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Manca
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Paldino
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Artico
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - P Gentile
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Jirikowic
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - E Todd
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - E Salcedo
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - S Graw
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - T McDonagh
- King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Taylor
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - L Mestroni
- University of Colorado Health, Denver, United States of America
| | - G Sinagra
- University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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9
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Kennel C, Gould EA, Larson ED, Salcedo E, Vickery T, Restrepo D, Ramakrishnan VR. Differential Expression of Mucins in Murine Olfactory Versus Respiratory Epithelium. Chem Senses 2020; 44:511-521. [PMID: 31300812 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucins are a key component of the surface mucus overlying airway epithelium. Given the different functions of the olfactory and respiratory epithelia, we hypothesized that mucins would be differentially expressed between these 2 areas. Secondarily, we evaluated for potential changes in mucin expression with radiation exposure, given the clinical observations of nasal dryness, altered mucus rheology, and smell loss in radiated patients. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate expression of mucins 1, 2, 5AC, and 5B in nasal respiratory and olfactory epithelia of control mice and 1 week after exposure to 8 Gy of radiation. Mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B exhibited differential expression patterns between olfactory and respiratory epithelium (RE) while mucin 2 showed no difference. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), mucin 1 was located in a lattice-like pattern around gaps corresponding to dendritic knobs of olfactory sensory neurons, whereas in RE it was intermittently expressed by surface goblet cells. Mucin 5AC was expressed by subepithelial glands in both epithelial types but to a higher degree in the OE. Mucin 5B was expressed by submucosal glands in OE and by surface epithelial cells in RE. At 1-week after exposure to single-dose 8 Gy of radiation, no qualitative effects were seen on mucin expression. Our findings demonstrate that murine OE and RE express mucins differently, and characteristic patterns of mucins 1, 5AC, and 5B can be used to define the underlying epithelium. Radiation (8 Gy) does not appear to affect mucin expression at 1 week. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A (Basic Science Research).IACUC-approved study [Protocol 200065].
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kennel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gould
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thad Vickery
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Vijay R Ramakrishnan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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10
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Petri N, Haak A, Quaife RA, Gill E, Salcedo E, Chen J, Carroll J. PSEUDO-ILLUMINATION IN 3D TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE INTERVENTIONS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(20)31829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Yang R, Dzowo YK, Wilson CE, Russell RL, Kidd GJ, Salcedo E, Lasher RS, Kinnamon JC, Finger TE. Three-dimensional reconstructions of mouse circumvallate taste buds using serial blockface scanning electron microscopy: I. Cell types and the apical region of the taste bud. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:756-771. [PMID: 31587284 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Taste buds comprise four types of taste cells: three mature, elongate types, Types I-III; and basally situated, immature postmitotic type, Type IV cells. We employed serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to delineate the characteristics and interrelationships of the taste cells in the circumvallate papillae of adult mice. Type I cells have an indented, elongate nucleus with invaginations, folded plasma membrane, and multiple apical microvilli in the taste pore. Type I microvilli may be either restricted to the bottom of the pore or extend outward reaching midway up into the taste pore. Type II cells (aka receptor cells) possess a large round or oval nucleus, a single apical microvillus extending through the taste pore, and specialized "atypical" mitochondria at functional points of contact with nerve fibers. Type III cells (aka "synaptic cells") are elongate with an indented nucleus, possess a single, apical microvillus extending through the taste pore, and are characterized by a small accumulation of synaptic vesicles at points of contact with nerve fibers. About one-quarter of Type III cells also exhibit an atypical mitochondrion near the presynaptic vesicle clusters at the synapse. Type IV cells (nonproliferative "basal cells") have a nucleus in the lower quarter of the taste bud and a foot process extending to the basement membrane often contacting nerve processes along the way. In murine circumvallate taste buds, Type I cells represent just over 50% of the population, whereas Types II, III, and IV (basal cells) represent 19, 15, and 14%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibiao Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Yannick K Dzowo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.,Modern Human Anatomy Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Courtney E Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rae L Russell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.,Modern Human Anatomy Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Grahame J Kidd
- Department of Neuroscience, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,3D-Electron Microscopy, Renovo Neural Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.,Modern Human Anatomy Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert S Lasher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - John C Kinnamon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas E Finger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado.,Modern Human Anatomy Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
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12
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Vicente S, Ruperto M, Germán Díaz M, Garriga M, Luna C, Salcedo E, López Neyra A, Lamas A. Clinical and nutritional features in Phe.508del homozygous cystic fibrosis pediatric patients. Clin Nutr 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Dueñas AN, Stratford J, Salcedo E, Blezinski B, Lee LMJ. Can 3D printed and virtual whole embryo models save embryology education? FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.508.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Briauna Blezinski
- Modern Human AnatomyUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
| | - Lisa MJ. Lee
- Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO
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14
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Kini V, Ho PM, Magid D, Mosley B, Khazanie P, Salcedo E, Groeneveld P, Masoudi F. Abstract 28: Variation in High-Value Cardiovascular Diagnostic Testing: Patient, Payer, and Hospital Effects. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.11.suppl_1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In patients hospitalized with 1) newly diagnosed heart failure (HF) or 2) acute myocardial infarction (AMI), assessment of left ventricular systolic function is a high-value test supported by guidelines. We examined the degree to which patient-, payer-, and hospital-level characteristics impact use of testing.
Methods:
We analyzed data from the Colorado All-Payer Claims Database, a repository of billing claims from all insurers who provide care in the state. We identified all patients with an index hospitalization for HF and AMI from 2010 to 2014. We excluded patients with a prior diagnosis of HF, and hospitals with fewer than 40 HF or AMI hospitalizations. We determined whether patients had a systolic function assessment performed within 60 days of hospitalization. We calculated adjusted rates of testing at the hospital level, and assessed for correlation of rates between HF and AMI patients. We used multilevel logistic regression to assess patient- and payer- characteristics associated with testing, and used median odds ratios to determine the residual variation in testing attributable to hospitals.
Results:
We identified 9,516 patients with HF and 10,315 patients with AMI (mean age 73 years, 48% women) among 36 hospitals. Overall, 74% of HF patients and 73% of AMI patients received testing. Testing rates among hospitals ranged from 56% to 82% for HF and from 42% to 83% for AMI (Figure). Correlation of testing rates for AMI and HF patients among hospitals was moderate (Spearman r=0.58; p<.001). Medicaid insurance was associated with lower likelihood of testing for both AMI and HF (ORs 0.77 [0.67-0.88] and 0.54 [0.47-0.62]; both p<.001). After multivariable adjustment, use of testing across sites varied by a median odds ratio of 1.39 [1.28-1.49] for AMI patients and of 1.25 [1.17-1.34] for HF patients, meaning that on average, patients had 1.39 and 1.25 higher odds of being tested if they received care at a higher performing hospital.
Conclusions:
Despite adjustment for patient- and payer-level characteristics, there is 1) significant residual variation in use of high-value cardiac testing and 2) correlation in testing rates for AMI and HF patients among hospitals. These results suggest that hospital-level characteristics and care processes may have a strong influence on use of high-value testing.
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15
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Petri N, Haak A, Wiktor D, Quaife R, Gill E, Salcedo E, Voelker W, Carroll J. COMPARISON OF TRANSSEPTAL PUNCTURE HEIGHT FOR MITRACLIP BETWEEN 2D AND 3D MEASUREMENTS. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(18)31804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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16
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Clevenger AC, Kim H, Salcedo E, Yonchek JC, Rodgers KM, Orfila JE, Dietz RM, Quillinan N, Traystman RJ, Herson PS. Endogenous Sex Steroids Dampen Neuroinflammation and Improve Outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:410-420. [PMID: 29450697 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1038-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of biological sex in short-term and long-term outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. The observation that exogenous female sex steroids (progesterone and estrogen) reduce brain injury coupled with a small number of clinical studies showing smaller injury in women suggest that sex steroids may play a role in outcome from TBI. We used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of TBI in mice to test the hypothesis that after CCI, female mice would demonstrate less injury than male mice, related to the protective role of endogenous steroids. Indeed, adult females exhibit histological protection (3.7 ± 0.5 mm3) compared to adult male mice (6.8 ± 0.6 mm3), and females that lacked sex steroids (ovex) showed increased injury compared to intact females. Consistent with histology, sensorimotor deficits measured as reduced contralateral limb use were most pronounced in male mice (31.9 ± 6.9% reduced limb use) compared to a 12.7 ± 3.8% reduction in female mice. Ovex mice exhibited behavioral deficits similar to males (31.5 ± 3.9% reduced limb use). Ovex females demonstrated increased microglial activation relative to intact females in both the peri-injury cortex and the reticular thalamic nucleus. Ovex females also demonstrated increased astrogliosis in comparison to both females and males in the peri-injury cortex. These data indicate that female sex steroids reduce brain sensitivity to TBI and that reduced acute neuroinflammation may contribute to the relative protection observed in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Clevenger
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13121 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chung Dae Ro1, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12801 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Joan C Yonchek
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Krista M Rodgers
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Robert M Dietz
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 13121 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Richard J Traystman
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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17
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Gaillard D, Bowles SG, Salcedo E, Xu M, Millar SE, Barlow LA. β-catenin is required for taste bud cell renewal and behavioral taste perception in adult mice. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006990. [PMID: 28846687 PMCID: PMC5591015 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste stimuli are transduced by taste buds and transmitted to the brain via afferent gustatory fibers. Renewal of taste receptor cells from actively dividing progenitors is finely tuned to maintain taste sensitivity throughout life. We show that conditional β-catenin deletion in mouse taste progenitors leads to rapid depletion of progenitors and Shh+ precursors, which in turn causes taste bud loss, followed by loss of gustatory nerve fibers. In addition, our data suggest LEF1, TCF7 and Wnt3 are involved in a Wnt pathway regulatory feedback loop that controls taste cell renewal in the circumvallate papilla epithelium. Unexpectedly, taste bud decline is greater in the anterior tongue and palate than in the posterior tongue. Mutant mice with this regional pattern of taste bud loss were unable to discern sweet at any concentration, but could distinguish bitter stimuli, albeit with reduced sensitivity. Our findings are consistent with published reports wherein anterior taste buds have higher sweet sensitivity while posterior taste buds are better tuned to bitter, and suggest β-catenin plays a greater role in renewal of anterior versus posterior taste buds. By remaining relatively constant throughout adult life, the sense of taste helps keep the body healthy. However, taste perception can be disrupted by various environmental factors, including cancer therapies. Here, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a pathway known to control normal tissue maintenance and associated with the development of cancers, is required for taste cell renewal and behavioral taste sensitivity in mice. Our findings are significant as they suggest that chemotherapies targeting the Wnt pathway in cancerous tissues may cause taste dysfunction and further diminish the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Spencer G. Bowles
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mingang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Millar
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell & Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Barlow
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste & Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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McCullagh EA, Salcedo E, Huntsman MM, Klug A. Tonotopic alterations in inhibitory input to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:3543-3562. [PMID: 28744893 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyperexcitability and the imbalance of excitation/inhibition are one of the leading causes of abnormal sensory processing in Fragile X syndrome (FXS). The precise timing and distribution of excitation and inhibition is crucial for auditory processing at the level of the auditory brainstem, which is responsible for sound localization ability. Sound localization is one of the sensory abilities disrupted by loss of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (Fmr1) gene. Using triple immunofluorescence staining we tested whether there were alterations in the number and size of presynaptic structures for the three primary neurotransmitters (glutamate, glycine, and GABA) in the auditory brainstem of Fmr1 knockout mice. We found decreases in either glycinergic or GABAergic inhibition to the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) specific to the tonotopic location within the nucleus. MNTB is one of the primary inhibitory nuclei in the auditory brainstem and participates in the sound localization process with fast and well-timed inhibition. Thus, a decrease in inhibitory afferents to MNTB neurons should lead to greater inhibitory output to the projections from this nucleus. In contrast, we did not see any other significant alterations in balance of excitation/inhibition in any of the other auditory brainstem nuclei measured, suggesting that the alterations observed in the MNTB are both nucleus and frequency specific. We furthermore show that glycinergic inhibition may be an important contributor to imbalances in excitation and inhibition in FXS and that the auditory brainstem is a useful circuit for testing these imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A McCullagh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Molly M Huntsman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicinen University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Castillo-Azofeifa D, Losacco JT, Salcedo E, Golden EJ, Finger TE, Barlow LA. Sonic hedgehog from both nerves and epithelium is a key trophic factor for taste bud maintenance. Development 2017; 144:3054-3065. [PMID: 28743797 DOI: 10.1242/dev.150342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The integrity of taste buds is intimately dependent on an intact gustatory innervation, yet the molecular nature of this dependency is unknown. Here, we show that differentiation of new taste bud cells, but not progenitor proliferation, is interrupted in mice treated with a hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor (HPI), and that gustatory nerves are a source of sonic hedgehog (Shh) for taste bud renewal. Additionally, epithelial taste precursor cells express Shh transiently, and provide a local supply of Hh ligand that supports taste cell renewal. Taste buds are minimally affected when Shh is lost from either tissue source. However, when both the epithelial and neural supply of Shh are removed, taste buds largely disappear. We conclude Shh supplied by taste nerves and local taste epithelium act in concert to support continued taste bud differentiation. However, although neurally derived Shh is in part responsible for the dependence of taste cell renewal on gustatory innervation, neurotrophic support of taste buds likely involves a complex set of factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castillo-Azofeifa
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Justin T Losacco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Erin J Golden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas E Finger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA .,Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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20
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Stratford JM, Larson ED, Yang R, Salcedo E, Finger TE. 5-HT 3A -driven green fluorescent protein delineates gustatory fibers innervating sour-responsive taste cells: A labeled line for sour taste? J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:2358-2375. [PMID: 28316078 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Taste buds contain multiple cell types with each type expressing receptors and transduction components for a subset of taste qualities. The sour sensing cells, Type III cells, release serotonin (5-HT) in response to the presence of sour (acidic) tastants and this released 5-HT activates 5-HT3 receptors on the gustatory nerves. We show here, using 5-HT3A GFP mice, that 5-HT3 -expressing nerve fibers preferentially contact and receive synaptic contact from Type III taste cells. Further, these 5-HT3 -expressing nerve fibers terminate in a restricted central-lateral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (nTS)-the same area that shows increased c-Fos expression upon presentation of a sour tastant (30 mM citric acid). This acid stimulation also evokes c-Fos in the laterally adjacent mediodorsal spinal trigeminal nucleus (DMSp5), but this trigeminal activation is not associated with the presence of 5-HT3 -expressing nerve fibers as it is in the nTS. Rather, the neuronal activation in the trigeminal complex likely is attributable to direct depolarization of acid-sensitive trigeminal nerve fibers, for example, polymodal nociceptors, rather than through taste buds. Taken together, these findings suggest that transmission of sour taste information involves communication between Type III taste cells and 5-HT3 -expressing afferent nerve fibers that project to a restricted portion of the nTS consistent with a crude mapping of taste quality information in the primary gustatory nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Stratford
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - E D Larson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - R Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - E Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - T E Finger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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21
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Burke J, Salcedo E, Seres T, Quaife R, Roldan P, Donmez E, Messenger J, Carroll J. COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF BALLOON EXPANDABLE AND SELF EXPANDABLE TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT ON THE DIMENSIONS OF THE MITRAL VALVE ANNULUS AND MITRAL REGURGITATION SEVERITY. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(17)34856-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Meyer SA, Ozbay BN, Potcoava M, Salcedo E, Restrepo D, Gibson EA. Super-resolution imaging of ciliary microdomains in isolated olfactory sensory neurons using a custom two-color stimulated emission depletion microscope. J Biomed Opt 2016; 21:66017. [PMID: 27367253 PMCID: PMC4923803 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.066017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed stimulated emission depletion (STED) imaging of isolated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) using a custom-built microscope. The STED microscope uses a single pulsed laser to excite two separate fluorophores, Atto 590 and Atto 647N. A gated timing circuit combined with temporal interleaving of the different color excitation/STED laser pulses filters the two channel detection and greatly minimizes crosstalk. We quantified the instrument resolution to be ∼81 and ∼44 nm, for the Atto 590 and Atto 647N channels. The spatial separation between the two channels was measured to be under 10 nm, well below the resolution limit. The custom-STED microscope is incorporated onto a commercial research microscope allowing brightfield, differential interference contrast, and epifluorescence imaging on the same field of view. We performed immunolabeling of OSNs in mice to image localization of ciliary membrane proteins involved in olfactory transduction. We imaged Ca2+-permeable cyclic nucleotide gated (CNG) channel (Atto 594) and adenylyl cyclase type III (ACIII) (Atto 647N) in distinct cilia. STED imaging resolved well-separated subdiffraction limited clusters for each protein. We quantified the size of each cluster to have a mean value of 88±48 nm and 124±43 nm, for CNG and ACIII, respectively. STED imaging showed separated clusters that were not resolvable in confocal images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Meyer
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, MS 8607, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
| | - Baris N. Ozbay
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, MS 8607, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
| | - Mariana Potcoava
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, MS 8607, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, MS 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
| | - Diego Restrepo
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, MS 8108, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Bioengineering, MS 8607, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80045-2560, United States
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23
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Powell DR, Williams JS, Hernandez-Lagunas L, Salcedo E, O'Brien JH, Artinger KB. Cdon promotes neural crest migration by regulating N-cadherin localization. Dev Biol 2015; 407:289-99. [PMID: 26256768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are essential embryonic progenitor cells that are unique to vertebrates and form a remarkably complex and coordinated system of highly motile cells. Migration of NCCs occurs along specific pathways within the embryo in response to both environmental cues and cell-cell interactions within the neural crest population. Here, we demonstrate a novel role for the putative Sonic hedgehog (Shh) receptor and cell adhesion regulator, cdon, in zebrafish neural crest migration. cdon is expressed in developing premigratory NCCs but is downregulated once the cells become migratory. Knockdown of cdon results in aberrant migration of trunk NCCs: crestin positive cells can emigrate out of the neural tube but stall shortly after the initiation of migration. Live cell imaging analysis demonstrates reduced directedness of migration, increased velocity and mispositioned cell protrusions. In addition, transplantation analysis suggests that cdon is required cell-autonomously for directed NCC migration in the trunk. Interestingly, N-cadherin is mislocalized following cdon knockdown suggesting that the role of cdon in NCCs is to regulate N-cadherin localization. Our results reveal a novel role for cdon in zebrafish neural crest migration, and suggest a mechanism by which Cdon is required to localize N-cadherin to the cell membrane in migratory NCCs for directed migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davalyn R Powell
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development Graduate Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jason S Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Cell Biology, Stem Cells, and Development Graduate Program, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Hernandez-Lagunas
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, School of Medicine and USA Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Anschutz Medical Campus , University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jenean H O'Brien
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kristin Bruk Artinger
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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24
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Zheng L, Farrell DM, Fulton RM, Bagg EE, Salcedo E, Manino M, Britt SG. Analysis of Conserved Glutamate and Aspartate Residues in Drosophila Rhodopsin 1 and Their Influence on Spectral Tuning. J Biol Chem 2015. [PMID: 26195627 PMCID: PMC4571949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.677765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate invertebrate visual pigment absorption are poorly understood. Studies of amphioxus Go-opsin have demonstrated that Glu-181 functions as the counterion in this pigment. This finding has led to the proposal that Glu-181 may function as the counterion in other invertebrate visual pigments as well. Here we describe a series of mutagenesis experiments to test this hypothesis and to also test whether other conserved acidic amino acids in Drosophila Rhodopsin 1 (Rh1) may serve as the counterion of this visual pigment. Of the 5 Glu and Asp residues replaced by Gln or Asn in our experiments, none of the mutant pigments shift the absorption of Rh1 by more than 6 nm. In combination with prior studies, these results suggest that the counterion in Drosophila Rh1 may not be located at Glu-181 as in amphioxus, or at Glu-113 as in bovine rhodopsin. Conversely, the extremely low steady state levels of the E194Q mutant pigment (bovine opsin site Glu-181), and the rhabdomere degeneration observed in flies expressing this mutant demonstrate that a negatively charged residue at this position is essential for normal rhodopsin function in vivo. This work also raises the possibility that another residue or physiologic anion may compensate for the missing counterion in the E194Q mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zheng
- From the Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | - Ruth M Fulton
- From the Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | - Eve E Bagg
- From the Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | | | - Steven G Britt
- From the Departments of Cell and Developmental Biology, Ophthalmology and Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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25
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Rolen SH, Salcedo E, Restrepo D, Finger TE. Differential localization of NT-3 and TrpM5 in glomeruli of the olfactory bulb of mice. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:1929-40. [PMID: 24288162 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons that express transient receptor potential channel M5 (TrpM5) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) project to defined clusters of glomeruli situated ventrally in the main olfactory bulb. Using genetically labeled mice, we investigated whether expression of NT-3-driven βgal and TrpM5-driven GFP marked overlapping sets of glomeruli and whether expression of these markers was coordinated. Our results indicate that these markers largely characterize independent sets of olfactory sensory neuron axons and glomeruli. Further, in glomeruli in which both TrpM5-GFP and NT-3-βgal labeled axons occur, they are expressed independently. The nature of staining for these two markers also differs within glomeruli. Within each labeled TrpM5-positive glomerulus, the level of TrpM5-GFP expression was similar throughout the glomerular neuropil. In contrast, NT-3-driven βgal expression levels are heterogeneous even within heavily labeled glomeruli. In addition, a population of very small TrpM5-GFP positive glomeruli is apparent while no similar populations of NT-3-βgal glomeruli are evident. Taken together, these data suggest that TrpM5 and NT-3 characterize two largely independent receptor populations both conveying odorant information to the ventral olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Rolen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
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Pineda L, Salcedo E, Vilhena C, Juez L, Alcázar JL. Interobserver agreement in assigning IOTA color score to adnexal masses using three-dimensional volumes or digital videoclips: potential implications for training. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 44:361-364. [PMID: 24816975 DOI: 10.1002/uog.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the interobserver agreement between a trainer and trainees in assigning the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) color score to adnexal masses using three-dimensional (3D) volumes and videoclips. METHODS Fifty-one digital videoclips and 3D volumes of a non-consecutive series of adnexal masses were used for this study. One trainer and four trainees evaluated first the 3D volume and 1 week later a videoclip from the same mass. They had to assign IOTA color scores according to their impression of the amount of color content in each case. Interobserver agreement between trainer and trainees was assessed using Cohen's weighted kappa index with 95% CIs and percentage of agreement. RESULTS When using 3D volumes, interobserver agreement was good for three out of four pairs of comparisons and very good for one (kappa values of 0.70, 0.68, 0.81 and 0.71 for trainees A, B, C and D, respectively). When using videoclips, interobserver agreement was very good for two out of four pairs of comparisons and good for two (kappa values of 0.84, 0.80, 0.68 and 0.86 for Trainees A, B, C and D, respectively). CONCLUSION Evaluation of IOTA color scores in adnexal masses using either videoclips or 3D volumes is reproducible even in the hands of trainees after a short training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Restrepo D, Hellier JL, Salcedo E. Complex metabolically demanding sensory processing in the olfactory system: implications for epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2014; 38:37-42. [PMID: 24113565 PMCID: PMC3979506 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the olfactory system is not generally associated with seizures, sharp application of odor eliciting activity in a large number of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) has been shown to elicit seizures. This is most likely due to increased ictal activity in the anterior piriform cortex-an area of the olfactory system that has limited GABAergic interneuron inhibition of pyramidal output cell activity. Such hyperexcitability in a well-characterized and highly accessible system makes olfaction a potentially powerful model system to examine epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Jennifer L. Hellier
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045,Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Castillo D, Seidel K, Salcedo E, Ahn C, de Sauvage FJ, Klein OD, Barlow LA. Induction of ectopic taste buds by SHH reveals the competency and plasticity of adult lingual epithelium. Development 2014; 141:2993-3002. [PMID: 24993944 DOI: 10.1242/dev.107631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Taste buds are assemblies of elongated epithelial cells, which are innervated by gustatory nerves that transmit taste information to the brain stem. Taste cells are continuously renewed throughout life via proliferation of epithelial progenitors, but the molecular regulation of this process remains unknown. During embryogenesis, sonic hedgehog (SHH) negatively regulates taste bud patterning, such that inhibition of SHH causes the formation of more and larger taste bud primordia, including in regions of the tongue normally devoid of taste buds. Here, using a Cre-lox system to drive constitutive expression of SHH, we identify the effects of SHH on the lingual epithelium of adult mice. We show that misexpression of SHH transforms lingual epithelial cell fate, such that daughter cells of lingual epithelial progenitors form cell type-replete, onion-shaped taste buds, rather than non-taste, pseudostratified epithelium. These SHH-induced ectopic taste buds are found in regions of the adult tongue previously thought incapable of generating taste organs. The ectopic buds are composed of all taste cell types, including support cells and detectors of sweet, bitter, umami, salt and sour, and recapitulate the molecular differentiation process of endogenous taste buds. In contrast to the well-established nerve dependence of endogenous taste buds, however, ectopic taste buds form independently of both gustatory and somatosensory innervation. As innervation is required for SHH expression by endogenous taste buds, our data suggest that SHH can replace the need for innervation to drive the entire program of taste bud differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Castillo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kerstin Seidel
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christina Ahn
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Ophir D Klein
- Program in Craniofacial and Mesenchymal Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94131, USA
| | - Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Moss TJ, Krantz M, Zipse M, Salcedo E, Sauer W, Schuller J. ALCOHOL SEPTAL ABLATION FOR HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY DOES NOT MODIFY THE INCIDENCE OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(14)60824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Salcedo E, Quaife R, Dorosz J, Messenger J. Imaging techniques in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. RRCC 2013. [DOI: 10.2147/rrcc.s35937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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31
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Merlo M, Sinagra G, Carniel E, Slavov D, Zhu X, Barbati G, Spezzacatene A, Ramani F, Salcedo E, Di Lenarda A, Mestroni L, Taylor MRG. Poor prognosis of rare sarcomeric gene variants in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Clin Transl Sci 2013; 6:424-8. [PMID: 24119082 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), the clinical and prognostic implications of rare variants in sarcomeric genes remain poorly understood. To address this question, we analyzed the outcome of rare sarcomeric gene variants in patients enrolled in our Familial Cardiomyopathy Registry. METHODS DCM families harboring rare sarcomeric variants in MYH6, MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2, and TTN were identified. Genotype-phenotype association analysis was performed, and long-term survival-free from death or heart transplant was compared between carriers and noncarriers. RESULTS We found 24 rare variants (3 in MYH6, 3 in MYH7, 3 in MYBPC3, 2 in TNNT2, and 13 in TTN) affecting 52 subjects in 25 families. The phenotypes of variant carriers were severe (3 sudden deaths, 6 heart failure deaths, 8 heart transplants, 2 ventricular fibrillations). There was no difference in the overall long-term survival between carriers and the 33 noncarriers (p = 0.322). However after 50 years of age, the combined endpoint of death or transplant was decreased in carriers as compared to noncarriers (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Patients with DCM carrying rare variants in sarcomeric genes manifest a poorer prognosis as compared to noncarriers after the age of 50 years. These data further support the role of genetic testing in DCM for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Merlo
- Cardiovascular Institute and Adult Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Cardiovascular Department "Ospedali Riuniti,"and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Salcedo E, Cruz NM, Ly X, Welander BA, Hanson K, Kronberg E, Restrepo D. A TAP1 null mutation leads to an enlarged olfactory bulb and supernumerary, ectopic olfactory glomeruli. Open Biol 2013; 3:130044. [PMID: 23697805 PMCID: PMC3866874 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility class I (MHCI) molecules are well known for their immunological role in mediating tissue graft rejection. Recently, these molecules were discovered to be expressed in distinct neuronal subclasses, dispelling the long-held tenet that the uninjured brain is immune-privileged. Here, we show that MHCI molecules are expressed in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) of adult animals. Furthermore, we find that mice with diminished levels of MHCI expression have enlarged MOBs containing an increased number of small, morphologically abnormal and ectopically located P2 glomeruli. These findings suggest that MHCI molecules may play an important role in the proper formation of glomeruli in the bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Salcedo
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Ahlgren B, Reece B, Salcedo E, Seres T. Constrictive pericarditis with a calcific mass invading into the right ventricular myocardium. Echocardiography 2012. [PMID: 23190384 DOI: 10.1111/echo.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a rare and unique case of calcific constrictive pericarditis with a calcified pericardial mass invading the right ventricular myocardium. Perioperative two-dimensional and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography revealed the extent and structure of the pericardial mass and led to the repair of the right ventricular free wall as a surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ahlgren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80206, USA.
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Casserly IP, Salcedo E, Carroll J. Embolization of radiopaque tip component of clip delivery system of MitraClip device: A rare complication with successful percutaneous retrieval. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 81:636-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan P. Casserly
- Interventional Section; Division of Cardiology; University of Colorado; Denver; Colorado
| | - Ernesto Salcedo
- Imaging Section; Division of Cardiology; University of Colorado; Denver; Colorado
| | - John Carroll
- Interventional Section; Division of Cardiology; University of Colorado; Denver; Colorado
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Thompson JA, Salcedo E, Restrepo D, Finger TE. Second-order input to the medial amygdala from olfactory sensory neurons expressing the transduction channel TRPM5. J Comp Neurol 2012; 520:1819-30. [PMID: 22120520 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Recent anatomical tracing experiments in rodents have established that a subset of mitral cells in the main olfactory bulb (MOB) projects directly to the medial amygdala (MeA), traditionally considered a target of the accessory olfactory bulb. Neurons that project from the MOB to the MeA also show activation in response to conspecific (opposite sex) volatile urine exposure, establishing a direct role of the MOB in semiochemical processing. In addition, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that express the transient receptor potential M5 (TRPM5) channel innervate a subset of glomeruli that respond to putative semiochemical stimuli. In this study, we examined whether the subset of glomeruli targeted by TRPM5-expressing OSNs is innervated by the population of mitral cells that projects to the MeA. We injected the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B (CTB) into the MeA of mice in which the TRPM5 promoter drives green fluorescent protein (GFP). We found overlapping clusters of CTB-labeled mitral cell dendritic branches (CTB(+) ) in TRPM5-GFP(+) glomeruli at significantly greater frequency than expected by chance. Despite the significant degree of colocalization, some amygdalopetal mitral cells extended dendrites to non-TRPM5-GFP glomeruli and vice versa, suggesting that, although significant overlapping glomerular innervation is observed between these two features, it is not absolute.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Thompson
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.
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Ahlgren B, Dorosz J, Rohrer A, Reece B, Cleveland J, Salcedo E, Seres T. Real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in the evaluation of two cases of rare mitral valve tumors. Echocardiography 2012; 29:1011-5. [PMID: 22640169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2012.01716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ahlgren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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38
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Salcedo E, Tran T, Ly X, Lopez R, Barbica C, Restrepo D, Vijayaraghavan S. Activity-dependent changes in cholinergic innervation of the mouse olfactory bulb. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25441. [PMID: 22053179 PMCID: PMC3203864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between olfactory activity and cholinergic modulation remains to be fully understood. This report examines the pattern of cholinergic innervation throughout the murine main olfactory bulb across different developmental stages and in naris-occluded animals. To visualize the pattern of cholinergic innervation, we used a transgenic mouse model, which expresses a fusion of the microtubule-associated protein, tau, with green fluorescence protein (GFP) under the control of the choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter. This tau-GFP fusion product allows for a remarkably vivid and clear visualization of cholinergic innervation in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Interestingly, we find an uneven distribution of GFP label in the adult glomerular layer (GL), where anterior, medial, and lateral glomerular regions of the bulb receive relatively heavier cholinergic innervation than other regions. In contrast to previous reports, we find a marked change in the pattern of cholinergic innervation to the GL following unilateral naris occlusion between the ipsilateral and contralateral bulbs in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tuan Tran
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Xuan Ly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Cortney Barbica
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sukumar Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Taylor M, Slavov D, Salcedo E, Zhu X, Ferguson D, Jirikowic J, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G, Mestroni L. Tafazzin gene mutations are uncommon causes of dilated cardiomyopathy in adults. Cardiogenetics 2011. [DOI: 10.4081/cardiogenetics.2011.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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40
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Castilla J, Moran J, Martinez-Artola V, Reina G, Martinez-Baz I, Garcia Cenoz M, Alvarez N, Irisarri F, Arriazu M, Elia F, Salcedo E. Effectiveness of trivalent seasonal and monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccines in population with major chronic conditions of Navarre, Spain: 2010/11 mid-season analysis. Euro Surveill 2011; 16:19799. [PMID: 21345321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We defined a cohort of people with major chronic conditions (152,585 subjects) in Navarre, Spain, using electronic records from physicians, to obtain 2010/11 mid-season estimates of influenza vaccine effectiveness. The adjusted estimates of the effectiveness of the 2010/11 trivalent influenza vaccine were 31% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20–40%) in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness, and 58% (95% CI: 11–80%) in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza. Having received the monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccine in the 2009/10 season had an independent preventive effect against medically attended influenza-like illness (17%, 95% CI: 1–30%), and having received both vaccines had 68% (95% CI: 23–87%) effectiveness in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castilla
- Public Health Institute of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
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41
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Castilla J, Moran J, Martínez-Artola V, Reina G, Martínez-Baz I, García Cenoz M, Alvarez N, Irisarri F, Arriazu M, Elía F, Salcedo E. Effectiveness of trivalent seasonal and monovalent influenza A(H1N1)2009 vaccines in population with major chronic conditions of Navarre, Spain: 2010/11 mid-season analysis. Euro Surveill 2011. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.16.07.19799-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
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Affiliation(s)
- J Castilla
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (Public Health Institute of Navarre), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health)
| | - J Moran
- Dirección de Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud (Primary Health Care Department), Pamplona, Spain
| | - V Martínez-Artola
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (Navarre Hospital Complex), Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Reina
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra (University Clinic of Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Baz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health)
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (Public Health Institute of Navarre), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M García Cenoz
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (Public Health Institute of Navarre), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health)
| | - N Alvarez
- Servicio Navarro de Salud (Navarre Health Service), Pamplona, Spain
| | - F Irisarri
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (Public Health Institute of Navarre), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health)
| | - M Arriazu
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (Biomedical Research Network of Epidemiology and Public Health)
- Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra (Public Health Institute of Navarre), Pamplona, Spain
| | - F Elía
- Dirección de Atención Primaria, Servicio Navarro de Salud (Primary Health Care Department), Pamplona, Spain
| | - E Salcedo
- Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (Navarre Hospital Complex), Pamplona, Spain
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Castilla J, Morán J, Fernández-Alonso M, Martínez Artola V, Zamora MJ, Mazón A, Fernández C, García Cenoz M, Elía F, Reina G, Salcedo E, Irisarri F, Barricarte A. [The 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic in Navarre, Spain]. An Sist Sanit Navar 2011; 33:287-95. [PMID: 21233864 DOI: 10.4321/s1137-66272010000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To describe flu activity during the 2009-2010 pandemic in Navarre and compare it to previous seasons. METHODS An analysis was made of all flu cases reported in primary care and all the virological confirmations made in patients in primary care and in hospitals of Navarre between week 21 of 2009 and week 20 of 2010. RESULTS Influenza A (H1N1) Virus 2009 was detected in Navarre between week 23 of 2009 and week 2 of 2010, a period when 39 medically diagnosed cases of flu syndrome per 1,000 inhabitants were registered. The epidemic threshold was surpassed in two periods, with a peak in July and a greater one in November. The greatest incidence was reached in children aged between 5 and 14 years (121 per thousand), followed by the group of under fives. There were 224 hospitalisations (36 per 100,000 inhabitants) with confirmation of Influenza A (H1N1) Virus 2009, 8% of whom required admission to intensive care units and there were four deaths (0.6 per 100,000 inhabitants). The rate of hospitalisation was greater amongst children under five (163 per 100,000 inhabitants), while the probability of referral to intensive care increased with age. CONCLUSION In spite of not having a specific vaccine available until the season was very well advanced, Influenza A (H1N1)Virus 2009 produced a flu wave with similar levels to those of other seasons and its repercussion in hospitalisations and serious cases was moderate.
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Weitzel N, Salcedo E, Puskas F, Nasrallah F, Fullerton D, Seres T. Using Real Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography during Ross Procedure in the Operating Room. Echocardiography 2009; 26:1278-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8175.2009.01030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abstract
The hysteresis of multilayer nanowires composed by a soft magnetic cylindrical wire, a non-magnetic spacer layer and an external hard magnetic shell is investigated. The external magnetic shell originates a non-homogeneous magnetic field on the inner wire, which is responsible for a displacement and a change of the width of the hysteresis curve of the wire. Moreover, different reversal modes occur at each branch of the hysteresis loop, which can be understood by analyzing the interaction magnetostatic field along the wire. Our results open the possibility of controlling two parameters of the hysteresis loop, the coercivity and the bias, providing an interesting system to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Allende
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Avenida Ecuador 3493, 917-0124 Santiago, Chile
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Restrepo D, Doucette W, Whitesell JD, McTavish TS, Salcedo E. From the top down: flexible reading of a fragmented odor map. Trends Neurosci 2009; 32:525-31. [PMID: 19758713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animals that depend on smell for communication and survival extract multiple pieces of information from a single complex odor. Mice can collect information on sex, genotype, health and dietary status from urine scent marks, a stimulus made up of hundreds of molecules. This ability is all the more remarkable considering that natural odors are encountered against varying olfactory backgrounds; the olfactory system must therefore provide some mechanism for extracting the most relevant information. Here we discuss recent data indicating that the readout of olfactory input by mitral cells in the olfactory bulb can be modified by behavioral context. We speculate that the olfactory cortex plays a key role in tuning the readout of olfactory information from the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Neuroscience Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Klein AJ, Kim MS, Salcedo E, Fagan T, Kay J. The missing leak: a case report of a baffle-leak closure using real-time 3D transoesophageal guidance. European Journal of Echocardiography 2009; 10:464-7. [DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Salcedo E, Farrell DM, Zheng L, Phistry M, Bagg EE, Britt SG. The green-absorbing Drosophila Rh6 visual pigment contains a blue-shifting amino acid substitution that is conserved in vertebrates. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:5717-22. [PMID: 19126545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807368200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate invertebrate visual pigment absorption are poorly understood. Through sequence analysis and functional investigation of vertebrate visual pigments, numerous amino acid substitutions important for this adaptive process have been identified. Here we describe a serine/alanine (S/A) substitution in long wavelength-absorbing Drosophila visual pigments that occurs at a site corresponding to Ala-292 in bovine rhodopsin. This S/A substitution accounts for a 10-17-nm absorption shift in visual pigments of this class. Additionally, we demonstrate that substitution of a cysteine at the same site, as occurs in the blue-absorbing Rh5 pigment, accounts for a 4-nm shift. Substitutions at this site are the first spectrally significant amino acid changes to be identified for invertebrate pigments sensitive to visible light and are the first evidence of a conserved tuning mechanism in vertebrate and invertebrate pigments of this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Abstract
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in the generation and differentiation of new olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and in the regulation of branching of OSN axons in their target glomeruli. However, previous reports of BDNF mRNA and protein expression in olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb (OB) have been inconsistent, raising questions on the proposed roles for BDNF. Here, we report on β-galactosidase (β-gal) expression in adult gene-targeted mice where the BDNF promoter drives expression of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene (BDNFlacZneo mice). We find that β-gal is expressed in a small subset of OSNs with axons that reach the olfactory nerve layers throughout the OB. In the OB, we find expression of β-gal in γ-aminobutyric acidergic but not dopaminergic periglomerular cells and external tufted cells and in interneurons located in the mitral cell layer. Our results are inconsistent with the regulation of generation and differentiation of new OSNs elicited by the release of BDNF from horizontal basal cells. The results are consistent with a role for BDNF in competitive branching of OSN axons within the glomeruli of the OB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Clevenger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8108, PO BOX 6511, Aurora CO 80045, USA
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Restrepo D, Lin W, Salcedo E, Yamazaki K, Beauchamp G. Odortypes and MHC peptides: Complementary chemosignals of MHC haplotype? Trends Neurosci 2006; 29:604-9. [PMID: 16904761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The olfactory and immune systems must perform optimally in the task of recognizing thousands of molecules to ensure survival. A particularly intriguing link between these systems is that animals can smell differences in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), a cluster of highly polymorphic genes found on human chromosome 6 and mouse chromosome 17. Two different sets of compounds found in urine have been postulated to convey information on MHC haplotype: volatile compounds (odortypes) and MHC peptides. Here we argue for complementary roles for these chemosignals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Restrepo
- Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Neuroscience Program and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Salcedo E, Zhang C, Kronberg E, Restrepo D. Analysis of training-induced changes in ethyl acetate odor maps using a new computational tool to map the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. Chem Senses 2005; 30:615-26. [PMID: 16141292 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bji055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Odor quality is thought to be encoded by the activation of partially overlapping subsets of glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (odor maps). Mouse genetic studies have demonstrated that olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) expressing a particular olfactory receptor target their axons to a few individual glomeruli in the bulb. While the specific targeting of OSN axons provides a molecular underpinning for the odor maps, much remains to be understood about the relationship between the functional and molecular maps. In this article, we ask the question whether intensive training of mice in a go/no-go operant conditioning odor discrimination task affects odor maps measured by determining c-fos up-regulation in periglomerular cells. Data analysis is performed using a newly developed suite of computational tools designed to systematically map functional and molecular features of glomeruli in the adult mouse olfactory bulb. This suite provides the necessary tools to process high-resolution digital images, map labeled glomeruli, visualize odor maps, and facilitate statistical analysis of patterns of identified glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. The software generates odor maps (density plots) based on glomerular activity, density, or area. We find that training up-regulates the number of glomeruli that become c-fos positive after stimulation with ethyl acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Salcedo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop 8108 PO Box 6511, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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