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Rethinking the Architecture of Attachment: New Insights into the Role for Oxytocin Signaling. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2022; 3:734-748. [PMID: 36519145 PMCID: PMC9743890 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-022-00142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Social attachments, the enduring bonds between individuals and groups, are essential to health and well-being. The appropriate formation and maintenance of social relationships depend upon a number of affective processes, including stress regulation, motivation, reward, as well as reciprocal interactions necessary for evaluating the affective state of others. A genetic, molecular, and neural circuit level understanding of social attachments therefore provides a powerful substrate for probing the affective processes associated with social behaviors. Socially monogamous species form long-term pair bonds, allowing us to investigate the mechanisms underlying attachment. Now, molecular genetic tools permit manipulations in monogamous species. Studies using these tools reveal new insights into the genetic and neuroendocrine factors that design and control the neural architecture underlying attachment behavior. We focus this discussion on the prairie vole and oxytocinergic signaling in this and related species as a model of attachment behavior that has been studied in the context of genetic and pharmacological manipulations. We consider developmental processes that impact the demonstration of bonding behavior across genetic backgrounds, the modularity of mechanisms underlying bonding behaviors, and the distributed circuitry supporting these behaviors. Incorporating such theoretical considerations when interpreting reverse genetic studies in the context of the rich ethological and pharmacological data collected in monogamous species provides an important framework for studies of attachment behavior in both animal models and studies of human relationships.
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Padmanabhan K, Grobe H, Cohen J, Soffer A, Mahly A, Adir O, Zaidel-Bar R, Luxenburg C. Thymosin β4 is essential for adherens junction stability and epidermal planar cell polarity. Development 2020; 147:dev.193425. [PMID: 33310787 PMCID: PMC7758630 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) is essential for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis; however, the mechanisms that orchestrate the cell shape and packing dynamics required to establish PCP are poorly understood. Here, we identified a major role for the globular (G)-actin-binding protein thymosin-β4 (TMSB4X) in PCP establishment and cell adhesion in the developing epidermis. Depletion of Tmsb4x in mouse embryos hindered eyelid closure and hair-follicle angling owing to PCP defects. Tmsb4x depletion did not preclude epidermal cell adhesion in vivo or in vitro; however, it resulted in abnormal structural organization and stability of adherens junction (AJ) due to defects in filamentous (F)-actin and G-actin distribution. In cultured keratinocytes, TMSB4X depletion increased the perijunctional G/F-actin ratio and decreased G-actin incorporation into junctional actin networks, but it did not change the overall actin expression level or cellular F-actin content. A pharmacological treatment that increased the G/F-actin ratio and decreased actin polymerization mimicked the effects of Tmsb4x depletion on both AJs and PCP. Our results provide insights into the regulation of the actin pool and its involvement in AJ function and PCP establishment. Highlighted Article: By regulating actin pool distribution and incorporation into junctional actin networks, thymosin β4 regulates cell–cell adhesion, planar cell polarity and epidermal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hanna Grobe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Arad Soffer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Adnan Mahly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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3
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Wong CED, Hua K, Monis S, Saxena V, Norazit A, Noor SM, Ekker M. gdnf affects early diencephalic dopaminergic neuron development through regulation of differentiation-associated transcription factors in zebrafish. J Neurochem 2020; 156:481-498. [PMID: 32583440 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been reported to enhance dopaminergic neuron survival and differentiation in vitro and in vivo, although those results are still being debated. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) is highly conserved in zebrafish and plays a role in enteric nervous system function. However, little is known about gdnf function in the teleost brain. Here, we employed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 to impede gdnf function in the maintenance of dopaminergic neuron development. Genotyping of gdnf crispants revealed successful deletions of the coding region with various mutant band sizes and down-regulation of gdnf transcripts at 1, 3 and 7 day(s) post fertilization. Notably, ~20% reduction in ventral diencephalic dopaminergic neuron numbers in clusters 8 and 13 was observed in the gdnf-deficient crispants. In addition, gdnf depletion caused a modest reduction in dopaminergic neurogenesis as determined by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine pulse chase assay. These deleterious effects could be partly attributed to deregulation of dopaminergic neuron fate specification-related transcription factors (otp,lmx1b,shha,and ngn1) in both crispants and established homozygous mutants with whole mount in-situ hybridization (WISH) on gdnf mutants showing reduced otpb and lmx1b.1 expression in the ventral diencephalon. Interestingly, locomotor function of crispants was only impacted at 7 dpf, but not earlier. Lastly, as expected, gdnf deficiency heightened crispants vulnerability to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium toxic insult. Our results suggest conservation of teleost gdnf brain function with mammals and revealed the interactions between gdnf and transcription factors in dopaminergic neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Ern David Wong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khang Hua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simon Monis
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Anwar Norazit
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marc Ekker
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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4
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Dubé KN, Smart N. Thymosin β4 and the vasculature: multiple roles in development, repair and protection against disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:131-139. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1459558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karina N. Dubé
- BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- BHF Centre of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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5
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Weinberger F, Nicol P, Starbatty J, Stubbendorff M, Becher PM, Schrepfer S, Eschenhagen T. No effect of thymosin beta-4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 in the adult murine heart. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00407. [PMID: 29864245 PMCID: PMC5986028 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Islet-1 marks a progenitor cell population of the second heart field during cardiogenesis. In the adult heart Islet-1 expression is limited to the sinoatrial node, the ventricular outflow tract, and parasympathetic ganglia. The regenerative effect in the injured mouse ventricle of thymosin beta-4 (TB4), a 43-aminoacid peptide, was associated with increased Islet-1 immunostaining, suggesting the induction of an Islet-1-positive progenitor state by TB4. Here we aimed to reassess this effect in a genetic model. Mice from the reporter mouse line Isl1-nLacZ were primed with TB4 and subsequently underwent myocardial infarction. Islet-1 expression was assessed 2, 7, and 14 days after infarction. We detected only a single Islet-1+ cell in 8 TB4 treated and infarcted hearts which located outside of the sinoatrial node, the outflow tract or cardiac ganglia (in ~2500 sections). Two cells were identified in 5 control infarcted hearts. TB4 did not induce LacZ positivity in ventricular explants cultures of Isl1-nLacZ mice nor did it affect the density of LacZ+ cells in explant cultures of nLacZ+ regions of the heart. In summary, we found no evidence that TB4 reactivates Islet-1 expression in adult mouse ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Weinberger
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
| | - Philipp Nicol
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
| | - Jutta Starbatty
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
| | - Mandy Stubbendorff
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) LabUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Peter M. Becher
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
- Department of General and Interventional CardiologyUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology (TSI) LabUniversity Heart Center HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- DZHK, German Center for Cardiovascular Researchpartner site Hamburg/Kiel/LübeckGermany
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6
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Millings EJ, De Rosa MC, Fleet S, Watanabe K, Rausch R, Egli D, Li G, Leduc CA, Zhang Y, Fischer SG, Leibel RL. ILDR2 has a negligible role in hepatic steatosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197548. [PMID: 29847571 PMCID: PMC5976177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Ildr2 knockdown via adenovirally-delivered shRNA causes hepatic steatosis in mice. In the present study we investigated hepatic biochemical and anatomic phenotypes of Cre-mediated Ildr2 knock-out mice. Liver-specific Ildr2 knock-out mice were generated in C57BL/6J mice segregating for a floxed (exon 1) allele of Ildr2, using congenital and acute (10-13-week-old male mice) Cre expression. In addition, Ildr2 shRNA was administered to Ildr2 knock-out mice to test the effects of Ildr2 shRNA, per se, in the absence of Ildr2 expression. RNA sequencing was performed on livers of these knockdown and knockout mice. Congenital and acute liver-specific and hepatocyte-specific knockout mice did not develop hepatic steatosis. However, administration of Ildr2 shRNA to Ildr2 knock-out mice did cause hepatic steatosis, indicating that the Ildr2 shRNA had apparent "off-target" effects on gene(s) other than Ildr2. RNA sequencing and BLAST sequence alignment revealed Dgka as a candidate gene mediating these "off-target" effects. Ildr2 shRNA is 63% homologous to the Dgka gene, and Dgka expression decreased only in mice displaying hepatic steatosis. Dgka encodes diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) alpha, one of a family of DGKs which convert diacylglycerides to phosphatidic acid for second messenger signaling. Dgka knockdown mice would be expected to accumulate diacylglyceride, contributing to the observed hepatic steatosis. We conclude that ILDR2 plays a negligible role in hepatic steatosis. Rather, hepatic steatosis observed previously in Ildr2 knockdown mice was likely due to shRNA targeting of Dgka and/or other "off-target" genes. We propose that the gene candidates identified in this follow-up study may lead to identification of novel regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Millings
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria Caterina De Rosa
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sarah Fleet
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard Rausch
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Charles A Leduc
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart G Fischer
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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7
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Zhang QH, Yuen WS, Adhikari D, Flegg JA, FitzHarris G, Conti M, Sicinski P, Nabti I, Marangos P, Carroll J. Cyclin A2 modulates kinetochore-microtubule attachment in meiosis II. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:3133-3143. [PMID: 28819014 PMCID: PMC5626527 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin A2 is a crucial mitotic Cdk regulatory partner that coordinates entry into mitosis and is then destroyed in prometaphase within minutes of nuclear envelope breakdown. The role of cyclin A2 in female meiosis and its dynamics during the transition from meiosis I (MI) to meiosis II (MII) remain unclear. We found that cyclin A2 decreases in prometaphase I but recovers after the first meiotic division and persists, uniquely for metaphase, in MII-arrested oocytes. Conditional deletion of cyclin A2 from mouse oocytes has no discernible effect on MI but leads to disrupted MII spindles and increased merotelic attachments. On stimulation of exit from MII, there is a dramatic increase in lagging chromosomes and an inhibition of cytokinesis. These defects are associated with an increase in microtubule stability in MII spindles, suggesting that cyclin A2 mediates the fidelity of MII by maintaining microtubule dynamics during the rapid formation of the MII spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Zhang
- Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wai Shan Yuen
- Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deepak Adhikari
- Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Flegg
- Monash Academy for Cross and Interdisciplinary Mathematical Applications, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg FitzHarris
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ibtissem Nabti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, England, UK.,Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Petros Marangos
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, England, UK.,Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology-Foundation for Research and Technology, Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Carroll
- Development and Stem Cell Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, England, UK
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8
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Abstract
The hearts of lower vertebrates such as fish and salamanders display scarless regeneration following injury, although this feature is lost in adult mammals. The remarkable capacity of the neonatal mammalian heart to regenerate suggests that the underlying machinery required for the regenerative process is evolutionarily retained. Recent studies highlight the epicardial covering of the heart as an important source of the signalling factors required for the repair process. The developing epicardium is also a major source of cardiac fibroblasts, smooth muscle, endothelial cells and stem cells. Here, we examine animal models that are capable of scarless regeneration, the role of the epicardium as a source of cells, signalling mechanisms implicated in the regenerative process and how these mechanisms influence cardiomyocyte proliferation. We also discuss recent advances in cardiac stem cell research and potential therapeutic targets arising from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
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9
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Liu Z, Ning G, Xu R, Cao Y, Meng A, Wang Q. Fscn1 is required for the trafficking of TGF-β family type I receptors during endoderm formation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12603. [PMID: 27545838 PMCID: PMC4996939 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules function in TGF-β signalling by facilitating the cytoplasmic trafficking of internalized receptors and the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Smads. However, nothing is known about whether actin filaments are required for these processes. Here we report that zebrafish actin-bundling protein fscn1a is highly expressed in mesendodermal precursors and its expression is directly regulated by the TGF-β superfamily member Nodal. Knockdown or knockout of fscn1a leads to a reduction of Nodal signal transduction and endoderm formation in zebrafish embryos. Fscn1 specifically interacts with TGF-β family type I receptors, and its depletion disrupts the association between receptors and actin filaments and sequesters the internalized receptors into clathrin-coated vesicles. Therefore, Fscn1 acts as a molecular linker between TGF-β family type I receptors and the actin filaments to promote the trafficking of internalized receptors from clathrin-coated vesicles to early endosomes during zebrafish endoderm formation. It is unclear how the cytoskeleton acts to assist in TGF-β signalling downstream of the receptor. Here, in zebrafish, the authors show that the actin-bundling protein FSCN1 interacts with TGF-β type I receptors ALK 4 and 5, enabling actin filament mediated vesicle trafficking and endoderm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ranran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anming Meng
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Rossi A, Kontarakis Z, Gerri C, Nolte H, Hölper S, Krüger M, Stainier DYR. Genetic compensation induced by deleterious mutations but not gene knockdowns. Nature 2015; 524:230-3. [PMID: 26168398 DOI: 10.1038/nature14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 843] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Michelis KC, Boehm M, Kovacic JC. New vessel formation in the context of cardiomyocyte regeneration--the role and importance of an adequate perfusing vasculature. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:666-82. [PMID: 24841067 PMCID: PMC4213356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The history of revascularization for cardiac ischemia dates back to the early 1960's when the first coronary artery bypass graft procedures were performed in humans. With this 50 year history of providing a new vasculature to ischemic and hibernating myocardium, a profound depth of experience has been amassed in clinical cardiovascular medicine as to what does, and does not work in the context of cardiac revascularization, alleviating ischemia and adequacy of myocardial perfusion. These issues are of central relevance to contemporary cell-based cardiac regenerative approaches. While the cardiovascular cell therapy field is surging forward on many exciting fronts, several well accepted clinical axioms related to the cardiac arterial supply appear to be almost overlooked by some of our current basic conceptual and experimental cell therapy paradigms. We present here information drawn from five decades of the clinical revascularization experience, review relevant new data on vascular formation via cell therapy, and put forward the case that for optimal cell-based cardiac regeneration due attention must be paid to providing an adequate vascular supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Michelis
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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The epicardium signals the way towards heart regeneration. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:683-92. [PMID: 24933704 PMCID: PMC4241487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From historical studies of developing chick hearts to recent advances in regenerative injury models, the epicardium has arisen as a key player in heart genesis and repair. The epicardium provides paracrine signals to nurture growth of the developing heart from mid-gestation, and epicardium-derived cells act as progenitors of numerous cardiac cell types. Interference with either process is terminal for heart development and embryogenesis. In adulthood, the dormant epicardium reinstates an embryonic gene programme in response to injury. Furthermore, injury-induced epicardial signalling is essential for heart regeneration in zebrafish. Given these critical roles in development, injury response and heart regeneration, the application of epicardial signals following adult heart injury could offer therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. The epicardium is a dynamic signalling centre during heart development and injury. Heart repair in lower vertebrates highlights the importance of epicardial signalling. Epicardial signals may be targeted to regenerate adult mammalian hearts.
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