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Wu X, Chen Y, Luz A, Hu G, Tokar EJ. Cardiac Development in the Presence of Cadmium: An in Vitro Study Using Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Cardiac Organoids. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:117002. [PMID: 36321828 PMCID: PMC9628677 DOI: 10.1289/ehp11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cadmium (Cd) is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Maternal Cd exposure is a significant risk factor for congenital heart disease. However, mechanisms of Cd on developmental cardiotoxicity are not well defined. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the effects of Cd on the different stages (mesoderm, cardiac induction, cardiac function) of cardiac development using an early embryo development in vitro model and two- or three-dimensional (2- or 3D) cardiomyocyte and cardiac organoid formation models mimicking early cardiac development. METHODS Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) form 3D aggregates, called embryoid bodies, that recapitulate events involved with early embryogenesis (e.g., germ layer formation). This model was used for early germ layer formation and signaling pathway identification. The 2D cardiomyocyte differentiation from the NKX2-5eGFP/w human ESCs model was used to explore the effects of Cd exposure on cardiomyocyte formation and to model mesoderm differentiation and cardiac induction, allowing us to explore different developmental windows of Cd toxicity. The 3D cardiac organoid model was used in evaluating the effects of Cd exposure on contractility and cardiac development. RESULTS Cd (0.6μM; 110 ppb) lowered the differentiation of embryoid bodies to mesoderm via suppression of Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathways. During early mesoderm induction, the mesoderm-associated transcription factors MESP1 and EOMES showed a transient up-regulation, which decreased later in the cardiac induction stage. Cd (0.15μM) lowered mesoderm formation and cardiac induction through suppression of the transcription factors and mesoderm marker genes HAND1, SNAI2, HOPX, and the cardiac-specific genes NKX2-5, GATA4, troponin T, and alpha-actinin. In addition, Cd-induced histone modifications for both gene activation (H3K4me3) and repression (H3K27me3), which play vital roles in regulating mesoderm commitment markers. The effects of Cd inhibition on cardiomyocyte differentiation were confirmed in 3D cardiac organoids. DISCUSSION In conclusion, using a human ESC-derived 2D/3D in vitro differentiation model system and cardiac organoids, we demonstrated that low-dose Cd suppressed mesoderm formation through mesoderm gene histone modification, thus inhibiting cardiomyocyte differentiation and cardiac induction. The studies provide valuable insights into cellular events and molecular mechanisms associated with Cd-induced congenital heart disease. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11208.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yichang Chen
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony Luz
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guang Hu
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik J. Tokar
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Transcriptome and DNA Methylome Dynamics during Triclosan-Induced Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Toxicity. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8608327. [PMID: 30510588 PMCID: PMC6231387 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8608327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac development is a dynamic process and sensitive to environmental chemicals. Triclosan is widely used as an antibacterial agent and reported to transport across the placenta and affect embryonic development. Here, we used human embryonic stem cell- (hESC-) derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) to determine the effects of TCS exposure on cardiac development. After TCS treatment, the differentiation process was significantly blocked and spontaneous beating rates of CMs were also decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed the dysregulation of genes involved in cardiogenesis, including GATA4 and TNNT2. Additionally, DNA methylation was also altered by TCS exposure, especially in those regions with GATA motif enrichment. These alterations of transcriptome and DNA methylation were all associated with signaling pathways integral to heart development. Our findings indicate that TCS exposure might cause cardiomyocyte differentiation toxicity and provide the new insights into how environmental factors regulate DNA methylation and gene expressions during heart development.
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Tompkins JD, Jung M, Chen CY, Lin Z, Ye J, Godatha S, Lizhar E, Wu X, Hsu D, Couture LA, Riggs AD. Mapping Human Pluripotent-to-Cardiomyocyte Differentiation: Methylomes, Transcriptomes, and Exon DNA Methylation "Memories". EBioMedicine 2016; 4:74-85. [PMID: 26981572 PMCID: PMC4776252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The directed differentiation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs) from pluripotent cells provides an invaluable model for understanding mechanisms of cell fate determination and offers considerable promise in cardiac regenerative medicine. Here, we utilize a human embryonic stem cell suspension bank, produced according to a good manufacturing practice, to generate CMs using a fully defined and small molecule-based differentiation strategy. Primitive and cardiac mesoderm purification was used to remove non-committing and multi-lineage populations and this significantly aided the identification of key transcription factors, lncRNAs, and essential signaling pathways that define cardiomyogenesis. Global methylation profiles reflect CM development and we report on CM exon DNA methylation "memories" persisting beyond transcription repression and marking the expression history of numerous developmentally regulated genes, especially transcription factors.
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Key Words
- Cardiomyocytes
- Cardiomyogenesis
- DNA methylation
- Differentiation
- Epigenetic
- Good manufacturing practice, GMP, epigenetic memory, WNT, hedgehog, transforming growth factor, ROR2, PDGFRα, demethylation, TET, TDG, HOX, TBOX
- Human embryonic stem cells
- Long non-coding RNA
- Mesoderm
- Methylome
- Pluripotent
- Transcriptome
- lncRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Tompkins
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Marc Jung
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chang-yi Chen
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Sylvia R. and Isador A. Deutch Center for Applied Technology Development, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ziguang Lin
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Sylvia R. and Isador A. Deutch Center for Applied Technology Development, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Sylvia R. and Isador A. Deutch Center for Applied Technology Development, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Swetha Godatha
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lizhar
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Biomedical Informatics Core, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Hsu
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Sylvia R. and Isador A. Deutch Center for Applied Technology Development, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Larry A. Couture
- Center for Biomedicine and Genetics, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Sylvia R. and Isador A. Deutch Center for Applied Technology Development, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Arthur D. Riggs
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Kokkinopoulos I, Ishida H, Saba R, Coppen S, Suzuki K, Yashiro K. Cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells using a simple and defined protocol. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:157-65. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kokkinopoulos
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Hidekazu Ishida
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Rie Saba
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Steven Coppen
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
| | - Kenta Yashiro
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square; London United Kingdom
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