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Taghvimi S, Soltani Fard E, Khatami SH, Zafaranchi Z M S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Movahedpour A, Ghasemi H. lncRNA HOTAIR and Cardiovascular diseases. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:165. [PMID: 39294422 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) a major contributor to global mortality rates, with a steadily rising prevalence observed across the world. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of CVDs represents a salient and advantageous avenue toward the development of precision and targeted therapeutics. A recent development in CVDs research is the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are now understood to have crucial roles in the onset and development of several pathophysiological processes. The distinct expression patterns exhibited by lncRNAs in various CVDs contexts, present a significant opportunity for their utilization as both biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the various identified lncRNAs, HOX antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) functions as signaling molecules that are significantly implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders in response to risk factors. HOTAIR has been observed to circulate within the bloodstream and possesses an integral epigenetic regulatory function in the transcriptional pathways of many diseases. Recent studies have suggested that HOTAIR offers promise as a biomarker for the detection and treatment of CVDs. The investigation on HOTAIR's role in CVDs, however, is still in its early phases. The goal of the current study is to give a thorough overview of recent developments in the field of analyzing the molecular mechanism of HOTAIR in controlling the pathophysiological processes of CVDs as well as its possible therapeutic uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Zafaranchi Z M
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Movahedpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
| | - Hassan Ghasemi
- Research Center for Environmental Contaminants (RCEC), Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.
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2
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Raghubeer S. The influence of epigenetics and inflammation on cardiometabolic risks. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:175-184. [PMID: 36804178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases include metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Epigenetic modifications participate in cardiometabolic diseases through several pathways, including inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Epigenetic modifications, which encompass alterations to gene expression without mutating the DNA sequence, have gained much attention in recent years, since they have been correlated with cardiometabolic diseases and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions. Epigenetic modifications are greatly influenced by environmental factors, such as diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and pollution. Some modifications are heritable, indicating that the biological expression of epigenetic alterations may be observed across generations. Moreover, many patients with cardiometabolic diseases present with chronic inflammation, which can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. The inflammatory environment worsens the prognosis of cardiometabolic diseases and further induces epigenetic modifications, predisposing patients to the development of other metabolism-associated diseases and complications. A deeper understanding of inflammatory processes and epigenetic modifications in cardiometabolic diseases is necessary to improve our diagnostic capabilities, personalized medicine approaches, and the development of targeted therapeutic interventions. Further understanding may also assist in predicting disease outcomes, especially in children and young adults. This review describes epigenetic modifications and inflammatory processes underlying cardiometabolic diseases, and further discusses advances in the research field with a focus on specific points for interventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanel Raghubeer
- SAMRC/CPUT/Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health & Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa.
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3
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Khan FB, Uddin S, Elderdery AY, Goh KW, Ming LC, Ardianto C, Palakot AR, Anwar I, Khan M, Owais M, Huang CY, Daddam JR, Khan MA, Shoaib S, Khursheed M, Reshadat S, Khayat Kashani HR, Mirza S, Khaleel AA, Ayoub MA. Illuminating the Molecular Intricacies of Exosomes and ncRNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases: Prospective Therapeutic and Biomarker Potential. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223664. [PMID: 36429092 PMCID: PMC9688392 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Accumulating evidences have highlighted the importance of exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cardiac physiology and pathology. It is in general consensus that exosomes and ncRNAs play a crucial role in the maintenance of normal cellular function; and interestingly it is envisaged that their potential as prospective therapeutic candidates and biomarkers are increasing rapidly. Considering all these aspects, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent understanding of exosomes and ncRNAs in CVDs. We provide a great deal of discussion regarding their role in the cardiovascular system, together with providing a glimpse of ideas regarding strategies exploited to harness their potential as a therapeutic intervention and prospective biomarker against CVDs. Thus, it could be envisaged that a thorough understanding of the intricacies related to exosomes and ncRNA would seemingly allow their full exploration and may lead clinical settings to become a reality in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farheen Badrealam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (F.B.K.); (M.A.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
- Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar
| | - Abozer Y. Elderdery
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Sciences and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 78100, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (F.B.K.); (M.A.A.); (C.A.)
| | - Abdul Rasheed Palakot
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Irfa Anwar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohsina Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Centre of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jayasimha Rayalu Daddam
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion 7505101, Israel
| | - Meraj Alam Khan
- Program in Translational Medicine, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children & DigiBiomics Inc, Toronto, ON M51X8, Canada
| | - Shoaib Shoaib
- Department Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Faculty of Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India
| | - Md Khursheed
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sara Reshadat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan 3513119111, Iran
| | | | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abbas A. Khaleel
- Department of Chemistry, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Department of Biology, College of Science, The United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (F.B.K.); (M.A.A.); (C.A.)
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Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and Air Pollution. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081234. [PMID: 34439482 PMCID: PMC8388875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of type 2 diabetes have increased in the last decades and are expected to further grow in the coming years. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers free radical generation and causes increased oxidative stress, affecting a number of molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways, including the generation of advanced glycation end products, proinflammatory and procoagulant effects, induction of apoptosis, vascular smooth-muscle cell proliferation, endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction, reduction of nitric oxide release, and activation of protein kinase C. Among type 2 diabetes determinants, many data have documented the adverse effects of environmental factors (e.g., air pollutants) through multiple exposure-induced mechanisms (e.g., systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, hypercoagulability, and endothelial and immune responses). Therefore, here we discuss the role of air pollution in oxidative stress-related damage to glycemic metabolism homeostasis, with a particular focus on its impact on health. In this context, the improvement of new advanced tools (e.g., omic techniques and the study of epigenetic changes) may provide a substantial contribution, helping in the evaluation of the individual in his biological totality, and offer a comprehensive assessment of the molecular, clinical, environmental, and epidemiological aspects.
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Ding Q, Shao C, Rose P, Zhu YZ. Epigenetics and Vascular Senescence-Potential New Therapeutic Targets? Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:535395. [PMID: 33101015 PMCID: PMC7556287 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.535395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is defined as the heritable alterations of gene expression without changes to the coding sequence of DNA. These alterations are mediated by processes including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs mechanisms. Vascular aging consists of both structural and functional changes in the vasculature including pathological processes that drive progression such as vascular cell senescence, inflammation, oxidation stress, and calcification. As humans age, these pathological conditions gradually accumulate, driven by epigenetic alterations, and are linked to various aging-related diseases. The development of drugs targeting a spectrum of epigenetic processes therefore offers novel treatment strategies for the targeting of age-related diseases. In our previous studies, we identified HDAC4, JMJD3, Fra-1, and GATA4 as potential pharmacological targets for regulating vascular inflammation, injury, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunhong Shao
- Department of Psychiatry, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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New Mechanisms of Vascular Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Patients: Focus on Epigenetics. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:363-371. [PMID: 32740853 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00400-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processing takes centre stage in cardiometabolic diseases (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension), where it participates in adiposity, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Epigenetic modifications, defined as heritable changes in gene expression that do not entail mutation in the DNA sequence, are mainly induced by environmental stimuli (stress, pollution, cigarette smoking) and are gaining considerable interest due to their causal role in cardiovascular disease, and their amenability to pharmacological intervention. Importantly, epigenetic modifications acquired during life can be transmitted to the offspring and exert their biological effects across multiple generations. Indeed, such transgenerational transmission of epigenetic signals may contribute to anticipating cardiovascular and metabolic disease phenotypes already in children and young adults. A deeper understanding of environmental factors and their effects on the epigenetic machinery and transcriptional programs is warranted to develop effective mechanism-based therapeutic strategies. The clinical application of epigenetic drugs-also known as "epi-drugs"-is currently exploding in the field of cardiovascular disease. The present review describes the main epigenetic networks underlying cardiometabolic alterations and sheds light on specific points of intervention for pharmacological reprogramming in this setting.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human genome is pervasively transcribed, producing coding and noncoding RNAs. Recent studies have revealed the roles of a class of noncoding RNAs, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), in heart failure and other cardiovascular diseases. This review provides a brief summary of recent findings on lncRNA function. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have documented the roles of lncRNAs in cardiac regeneration, conduction, hypertrophy/dysfunction, and endothelial function. LncRNAs perform these functions through acting as competing RNA (by binding and sequestering MicroRNAs) or acting as guides to protein targeting. A few lncRNAs also encode small peptides (e.g., Dwarf Open Reading Frame RNA) and in the context of heart regulate cardiac calcium homeostasis. SUMMARY Noncoding RNA provides a versatile mechanism of gene regulation and thereby present as novel targets for intervention in various cardiovascular disease. Future studies aimed at defining the context-dependent lncRNA mechanisms will be required to advance our understanding and relish the goal of RNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030., Tel: +1 713-500-2335,
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8
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Catalyzing Transcriptomics Research in Cardiovascular Disease: The CardioRNA COST Action CA17129. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:ncrna5020031. [PMID: 30934986 PMCID: PMC6630366 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide and, despite continuous advances, better diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as therapy, are needed. The human transcriptome, which is the set of all RNA produced in a cell, is much more complex than previously thought and the lack of dialogue between researchers and industrials and consensus on guidelines to generate data make it harder to compare and reproduce results. This European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action aims to accelerate the understanding of transcriptomics in CVD and further the translation of experimental data into usable applications to improve personalized medicine in this field by creating an interdisciplinary network. It aims to provide opportunities for collaboration between stakeholders from complementary backgrounds, allowing the functions of different RNAs and their interactions to be more rapidly deciphered in the cardiovascular context for translation into the clinic, thus fostering personalized medicine and meeting a current public health challenge. Thus, this Action will advance studies on cardiovascular transcriptomics, generate innovative projects, and consolidate the leadership of European research groups in the field.COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding organization for research and innovation networks (www.cost.eu).
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9
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Epigenetic processing in cardiometabolic disease. Atherosclerosis 2018; 281:150-158. [PMID: 30290963 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Albeit a consistent body of evidence supports the notion that genes influence cardiometabolic features and outcomes, the "non-genetic regulation" of this process is gaining increasing attention. Plastic chemical changes of DNA/histone complexes - known as epigenetic changes - critically determine gene activity by rapidly modifying chromatin accessibility to transcription factors. In this review, we describe the emerging role of chromatin modifications as fine tuners of gene transcription in adipogenesis, insulin resistance, macrophage polarization, immuno-metabolism, endothelial dysfunction and metabolic cardiomyopathy. Epigenetic processing participates in the dynamic interplay among different organs in the cardiometabolic patient. DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue enable the transcription of genes implicated in lipo- and adipogenesis, inflammation and insulin resistance. Along the same line, complex networks of chromatin modifying enzymes are responsible for impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and defective insulin signalling in the vasculature, thus leading to reduced capillary recruitment and insulin delivery in the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Furthermore, changes in methylation status of IL-4, IFNγ and Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) gene loci are crucial for the polarization of immune cells, thus leading to adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis. Cell-specific epigenetic information could advance our understanding of cardiometabolic processes, thus leading to individualized risk assessment and personalized therapeutic approaches in patients with cardiometabolic disturbances. The development of new chromatin modifying drugs indicates that targeting epigenetic changes is a promising approach to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in this setting.
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Aryal B, Suárez Y. Non-coding RNA regulation of endothelial and macrophage functions during atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 114:64-75. [PMID: 29551552 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial lining can be viewed as the first line of defense against risk factors of vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is regarded as an initial event for atherogenesis since defects in vascular integrity and homeostasis are responsible for lipid infiltration and recruitment of monocytes into the vessel wall. Monocytes-turned-macrophages, which possess astounding inflammatory plasticity, perpetuate chronic inflammation and growth of atherosclerotic plaques and, are therefore central for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Because endothelial cells and macrophages are key players during atherogenesis, it is crucial to understand the regulation of their functions in order to develop strategies to intervene disease progression. Interestingly, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), broad class of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins, are capable of reprogramming multiple cell functions and, thus, can be used as target agents. MicroRNAs are small ncRNAs whose roles in the regulation of vascular functions and development of atherosclerosis through post-transcriptional manipulation of gene expression have been widely explored. Recently, other ncRNAs including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have also emerged as potential regulators of these functions. However, given their poor-genetic conservation between species, much work will be needed to elucidate the specific role of lncRNAs in vascular biology. This review aims to provide a comprehensive perspective of ncRNA, mostly focusing in lncRNAs, mechanism of action and relevance in regulating lipid metabolism-independent endothelial and macrophages functions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binod Aryal
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA..
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Gurha P, Chen X, Lombardi R, Willerson JT, Marian AJ. Knockdown of Plakophilin 2 Downregulates miR-184 Through CpG Hypermethylation and Suppression of the E2F1 Pathway and Leads to Enhanced Adipogenesis In Vitro. Circ Res 2016; 119:731-50. [PMID: 27470638 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE PKP2, encoding plakophilin 2 (PKP2), is the most common causal gene for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVE To characterize miRNA expression profile in PKP2-deficient cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Control and PKP2-knockdown HL-1 (HL-1(Pkp2-shRNA)) cells were screened for 750 miRNAs using low-density microfluidic panels. Fifty-nine miRNAs were differentially expressed. MiR-184 was the most downregulated miRNA. Expression of miR-184 in the heart and cardiac myocyte was developmentally downregulated and was low in mature myocytes. MicroRNA-184 was predominantly expressed in cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pkp2 in cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells also reduced miR-184 levels. Expression of miR-184 was transcriptionally regulated by the E2F1 pathway, which was suppressed in PKP2-deficient cells. Activation of E2F1, on overexpression of its activator CCND1 (cyclin D1) or knockdown of its inhibitor retinoblastoma 1, partially rescued miR-184 levels. In addition, DNA methyltransferase-1 was recruited to the promoter region of miR-184, and the CpG sites at the upstream region of miR-184 were hypermethylated. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, a demethylation agent, and knockdown of DNA methyltransferase-1 partially rescued miR-184 level. Pathway analysis of paired miR-184:mRNA targets identified cell proliferation, differentiation, and death as the main affected biological processes. Knockdown of miR-184 in HL-1 cells and mesenchymal progenitor cells induced and, conversely, its overexpression attenuated adipogenesis. CONCLUSIONS PKP2 deficiency leads to suppression of the E2F1 pathway and hypermethylation of the CpG sites at miR-184 promoter, resulting in downregulation of miR-184 levels. Suppression of miR-184 enhances and its activation attenuates adipogenesis in vitro. Thus, miR-184 contributes to the pathogenesis of adipogenesis in PKP2-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyatansh Gurha
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute
| | - Xiaofan Chen
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute
| | - James T Willerson
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute
| | - Ali J Marian
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, and Texas Heart Institute.
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Jain S, Thakkar N, Chhatai J, Pal Bhadra M, Bhadra U. Long non-coding RNA: Functional agent for disease traits. RNA Biol 2016; 14:522-535. [PMID: 27229269 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1172756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted the attention of researchers with their involvement in all facets of life. LncRNAs are transcripts of more than 200 nucleotides which lack defined protein coding potential. Although they do not code for proteins, a large number of them are involved in regulating gene expression and translation. The presence of numerous lncRNAs in the human genome has prompted us to investigate the contribution of these molecules to human biology and medicine. In this review, we present the potential role of lncRNAs interlinked to different human diseases and genetic disorders. We also describe their role in cellular differentiation and aging and discuss their potential importance as biomarkers and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriyans Jain
- a Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group , CSIR- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Nirav Thakkar
- a Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group , CSIR- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Jagamohan Chhatai
- a Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group , CSIR- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- b Centre for Chemical Biology , Indian Institute for Chemical Technology , Hyderabad , India
| | - Utpal Bhadra
- a Functional Genomics and Gene Silencing Group , CSIR- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology , Hyderabad , India
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Abstract
The worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes and the associated elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emphasized the need to seek new therapeutic targets to offset the negative impact on human health outcomes. In this regards, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing, have received considerable interest. miRNAs repress gene expression by their ability to pair with target sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA. miRNAs play a crucial role in the biogenesis and function of the cardiovascular system and are implicated as dynamic regulators of cardiac and vascular signaling and pathophysiology. Numerous miRNAs have been identified as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for CVD. In this review, we discuss the contribution of miRNAs to the regulation of CVD, their role in macrovascular/microvascular (dys)function, their potential as important biomarkers for the early detection of CVD, and, finally, as therapeutic targets.
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14
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Zhang L, Hamad EA, Vausort M, Funakoshi H, Feldman AM, Wagner DR, Devaux Y. Identification of candidate long noncoding RNAs associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:100-6. [PMID: 25382655 PMCID: PMC5350985 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute an emerging group of noncoding RNAs, which regulate gene expression. Their role in cardiac disease is poorly known. Here, we investigated the association between lncRNAs and left ventricular hypertrophy. METHODS Wild-type and adenosine A2A receptor overexpressing mice (A2A-Tg) were subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and expression of lncRNAs in the heart was investigated using genome-wide microarrays and an analytical pipeline specifically developed for lncRNAs. RESULTS Microarray analysis identified two lncRNAs up-regulated and three down-regulated in the hearts of A2A-Tg mice subjected to TAC. Quantitative PCR showed that lncRNAs 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 were decreased in A2A-Tg mice (3.5- and 1.8-fold, p < 0.01). We found from public microarray dataset that 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 were increased in TAC mice compared to sham-operated animals (1.8- and 1.4-fold, after 28 days, p < 0.01). Interestingly, in this public dataset, cardioprotective drug JQ1 decreased 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 expression by 2.2- and 1.6-fold (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS First, we have shown that data on lncRNAs can be obtained from gene expression microarrays. Second, expression of lncRNAs 2900055J20Rik and Gm14005 is regulated after TAC and can be modulated by cardioprotective molecules. These observations motivate further investigation of the therapeutic value of lncRNAs in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
| | - Eman A. Hamad
- Department of PhysiologyCardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mélanie Vausort
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
| | | | - Arthur M. Feldman
- Department of PhysiologyCardiovascular Research CenterTemple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Daniel R. Wagner
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
- Division of CardiologyHospital CenterLuxembourg
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchPublic Research Center – Health (CRP‐Santé)Luxembourg
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained the attention of molecular biologists and clinicians alike because of the increasing evidence implicating their role in many biological processes and in the development of diseases. In addition to small microRNAs (miRNAs) that play major roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, more recently long ncRNAs (lncRNAs, >200 nucleotides) are recognized as being intimately involved in the key cellular processes including transcription and mRNA expression, and having functions in cellular development, differentiation, and development of disease. LncRNAs represent a diverse class of RNAs with many known and likely yet to be discovered functions. This review aims to summarize the emerging roles of lncRNAs in vascular development and disease. RECENT FINDINGS LncRNAs have been recently described to play a role in vascular development, lineage commitment, and in mesoderm differentiation into heart. Additionally, lncRNAs have been associated with angiotensin II actions and with vascular diseases, including coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis. miRNAs, well studied in various vascular diseases, have also been recently shown to be differentially expressed in the biofluids of patients with vascular disease and mediate cell-cell communication. SUMMARY LncRNAs may mediate many different pathways in growth factor actions, vascular development and disease, and are worthy of further investigation because of their potential to serve as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Leung
- Department of Diabetes, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
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