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Pinar-Martí A, Fernández-Barrés S, Lázaro I, Fossati S, Fochs S, Pey N, Vrijheid M, Romaguera D, Sala-Vila A, Julvez J. Maternal Seafood Consumption during Pregnancy and Cardiovascular Health of Children at 11 Years of Age. Nutrients 2024; 16:974. [PMID: 38613009 PMCID: PMC11013339 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is critical during pregnancy for the healthy growth of the developing infant, who is fully dependent on maternal dietary omega-3 supply for development. Fatty fish, a main dietary source of omega-3, is associated with decreased cardiovascular risk in adults. We conducted a longitudinal study based on a mother-offspring cohort as part of the project Infancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) in order to assess whether fish intake during pregnancy relates to cardiovascular health in children. A total of 657 women were included and followed throughout pregnancy until birth, and their children were enrolled at birth and followed up until age 11-12. A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the daily intake of foods during the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. Cardiovascular assessments included arterial stiffness (assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity [PWV]) and retinal microcirculation (photographic assessment of central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalent [CRAE and CRVE]). The association between maternal fish consumption and cardiovascular outcomes of offspring at 11 years of age was evaluated using multivariable linear regression models. There were no statistically significant differences in any cardiovascular endpoint in children whose mothers had a higher fish consumption during pregnancy compared to those with a lower fish consumption. We found a slightly higher PWV (β = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.0; 0.2, p for trend = 0.047) in children whose mothers had a higher consumption of canned tuna during the 1st trimester of pregnancy. Fish intake during pregnancy was found to be unrelated to the offspring's cardiovascular health at 11 years of age. The beneficial cardiovascular effects of fish consumption during pregnancy on the offspring are still inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Pinar-Martí
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain;
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Fernández-Barrés
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Iolanda Lázaro
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Serena Fossati
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Silvia Fochs
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Núria Pey
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (I.L.); (A.S.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience (NeuroÈpia), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain;
- ISGlobal-Instituto de Salud Global de Barcelona-Campus MAR, PRBB, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.F.-B.); (S.F.); (S.F.); (N.P.); (M.V.); (D.R.)
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida (MELIS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
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Mansfield R, Cecula P, Pedraz CT, Zimianiti I, Elsaddig M, Zhao R, Sathiyamurthy S, McEniery CM, Lees C, Banerjee J. Impact of perinatal factors on biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in preadolescent children. J Hypertens 2023; 41:1059-1067. [PMID: 37115847 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review aims to summarize associations of the perinatal environment with arterial biophysical properties in childhood, to elucidate possible perinatal origins of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). METHODS A systematic search of PubMed database was performed (December 2020). Studies exploring associations of perinatal factors with arterial biophysical properties in children 12 years old or less were included. Properties studied included: pulse wave velocity; arterial stiffness or distensibility; augmentation index; intima-media thickness of aorta (aIMT) or carotids; endothelial function (laser flow Doppler, flow-mediated dilatation). Two reviewers independently performed study selection and data extraction. RESULTS Fifty-two of 1084 identified records were included. Eleven studies explored associations with prematurity, 14 explored maternal factors during pregnancy, and 27 explored effects of low birth weight, small-for-gestational age and foetal growth restriction (LBW/SGA/FGR). aIMT was consistently higher in offspring affected by LBW/SGA/FGR in all six studies examining this variable. The cause of inconclusive or conflicting associations found with other arterial biophysical properties and perinatal factors may be multifactorial: in particular, measurements and analyses of related properties differed in technique, equipment, anatomical location, and covariates used. CONCLUSION aIMT was consistently higher in LBW/SGA/FGR offspring, which may relate to increased long-term CVD risk. Larger and longer term cohort studies may help to elucidate clinical significance, particularly in relation to established CVD risk factors. Experimental studies may help to understand whether lifestyle or medical interventions can reverse perinatal changes aIMT. The field could be advanced by validation and standardization of techniques assessing arterial structure and function in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshni Mansfield
- Department of Neonatology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital
- Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
| | - Paulina Cecula
- St Marys Campus, Medical School, Imperial College London, London
| | | | - Ioanna Zimianiti
- St Marys Campus, Medical School, Imperial College London, London
| | - Malaz Elsaddig
- Department of Neonatology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital
| | - Rebecca Zhao
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham
| | | | - Carmel M McEniery
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Christoph Lees
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, Du Cane Rd, White City
| | - Jayanta Banerjee
- Department of Neonatology, Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London
- Origins of Health and Disease, Centre for Child Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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The Impact of Nutrient Intake and Metabolic Wastes during Pregnancy on Offspring Hypertension: Challenges and Future Opportunities. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030418. [PMID: 36984857 PMCID: PMC10052993 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can have its origin in early life. During pregnancy, many metabolic alterations occur in the mother that have a crucial role in fetal development. In response to maternal insults, fetal programming may occur after metabolic disturbance, resulting in programmed hypertension later in life. Maternal dietary nutrients act as metabolic substrates for various metabolic processes via nutrient-sensing signals. Different nutrient-sensing pathways that detect levels of sugars, amino acids, lipids and energy are integrated during pregnancy, while disturbed nutrient-sensing signals have a role in the developmental programming of hypertension. Metabolism-modulated metabolites and nutrient-sensing signals are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their pathogenic link to hypertension programming. Hence, in this review, we pay particular attention to the maternal nutritional insults and metabolic wastes affecting fetal programming. We then discuss the role of nutrient-sensing signals linking the disturbed metabolism to hypertension programming. This review also summarizes current evidence to give directions for future studies regarding how to prevent hypertension via reprogramming strategies, such as nutritional intervention, targeting nutrient-sensing signals, and reduction of metabolic wastes. Better prevention for hypertension may be possible with the help of novel early-life interventions that target altered metabolism.
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Childhood vascular phenotypes have differing associations with prenatal and postnatal growth. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1884-1892. [PMID: 33853103 PMCID: PMC8373454 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In children aged 8--9 years, we examined the associations of linear and abdominal circumference growth during critical stages of prenatal and postnatal development with six vascular measurements commonly used as early markers of atherosclerosis and later cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS In 724 children from the UK Southampton Women's Survey mother--offspring cohort, offspring length/height and abdominal circumference measurements were collected at 10 ages between 11 weeks' gestation and age 8--9 years. Using residual growth modelling and linear regression, we examined the independent associations between growth and detailed vascular measures made at 8--9 years. RESULTS Postnatal linear and abdominal circumference growth were associated with higher childhood SBP and carotid--femoral pulse wave velocity, whereas prenatal growth was not. For example, 1SD faster abdominal circumference gain between ages 3 and 6 years was associated with 2.27 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56--2.98] mmHg higher SBP. In contrast, faster abdominal circumference gain before 19 weeks' gestation was associated with greater carotid intima--media thickness [0.009 mm (0.004--0.015) per 1SD larger 19-week abdominal circumference), whereas later growth was not. We found no strong associations between prenatal or postnatal growth and DBP or measures of endothelial function. CONCLUSION Higher postnatal linear growth and adiposity gain are related to higher SBP and carotid--femoral pulse wave velocity in childhood. In contrast, faster growth in early gestation is associated with greater childhood carotid intima--media thickness, perhaps resulting from subtle changes in vascular structure that reflect physiological adaptations rather than subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Mozos I, Jianu D, Stoian D, Mozos C, Gug C, Pricop M, Marginean O, Luca CT. The Relationship Between Dietary Choices and Health and Premature Vascular Ageing. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1647-1657. [PMID: 34393048 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The paper aims to review the available data about the main mechanisms enabling improvement or accelerating vascular ageing due to food choices, considering recent experimental and clinical data, and emphasising potential implications for clinical practice and therapy. The main food choices which will be discussed are diets rich in fruits and vegetables, the Mediterranean diet, polyunsaturated fatty acids, cocoa, caffeine, tea, meat, dairy products, sodium, and potassium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Daniela Jianu
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine, Military Hospital, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Dana Stoian
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Costin Mozos
- Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Gug
- Department of Microscopic Morphology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius Pricop
- Discipline of Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Otilia Marginean
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Center for Research on Growth and Developmental Disorders in Children, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Constantin Tudor Luca
- Department of Cardiology, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania
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Murray R, Kitaba N, Antoun E, Titcombe P, Barton S, Cooper C, Inskip HM, Burdge GC, Mahon PA, Deanfield J, Halcox JP, Ellins EA, Bryant J, Peebles C, Lillycrop K, Godfrey KM, Hanson MA. Influence of Maternal Lifestyle and Diet on Perinatal DNA Methylation Signatures Associated With Childhood Arterial Stiffness at 8 to 9 Years. Hypertension 2021; 78:787-800. [PMID: 34275334 PMCID: PMC8357051 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Increases in aortic pulse wave velocity, a measure of arterial stiffness, can lead to elevated systolic blood pressure and increased cardiac afterload in adulthood. These changes are detectable in childhood and potentially originate in utero, where an adverse early life environment can alter DNA methylation patterns detectable at birth. Here, analysis of epigenome-wide methylation patterns using umbilical cord blood DNA from 470 participants in the Southampton’s Women’s Survey identified differential methylation patterns associated with systolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, arterial distensibility, and descending aorta pulse wave velocity measured by magnetic resonance imaging at 8 to 9 years. Perinatal methylation levels at 16 CpG loci were associated with descending aorta pulse wave velocity, with identified CpG sites enriched in pathways involved in DNA repair (P=9.03×10−11). The most significant association was with cg20793626 methylation (within protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1D; β=−0.05 m/s/1% methylation change, [95% CI, −0.09 to −0.02]). Genetic variation was also examined but had a minor influence on these observations. Eight pulse wave velocity-linked dmCpGs were associated with prenatal modifiable risk factors, with cg08509237 methylation (within palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-2) associated with maternal oily fish consumption in early and late pregnancy. Lower oily fish consumption in early pregnancy modified the relationship between methylation and pulse wave velocity, with lower consumption strengthening the association between cg08509237 methylation and increased pulse wave velocity. In conclusion, measurement of perinatal DNA methylation signatures has utility in identifying infants who might benefit from preventive interventions to reduce risk of later cardiovascular disease, and modifiable maternal factors can reduce this risk in the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Murray
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Negusse Kitaba
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Elie Antoun
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences (E.A., K.L.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Titcombe
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Graham C Burdge
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela A Mahon
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - John Deanfield
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (J.D.)
| | - Julian P Halcox
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom (J.P.H., E.A.E.)
| | - Elizabeth A Ellins
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, United Kingdom (J.P.H., E.A.E.)
| | - Jennifer Bryant
- Department of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Heart Centre Singapore (J.B.)
| | - Charles Peebles
- Wessex Cardiothoracic Centre, Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom (C.P.)
| | - Karen Lillycrop
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences (E.A., K.L.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit (P.T., S.B., C.C., H.M.I., P.A.M., K.M.G.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
| | - Mark A Hanson
- From the School of Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine (R.M., N.K., E.A., G.C.B., K.M.G., M.A.H.), University of Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (H.M.I., K.L., K.M.G., M.A.H.)
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Hamayun J, Mohlkert LA, Stoltz Sjöström E, Domellöf M, Norman M, Zamir I. Association between Neonatal Intakes and Hyperglycemia, and Left Heart and Aortic Dimensions at 6.5 Years of Age in Children Born Extremely Preterm. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2554. [PMID: 34207785 PMCID: PMC8230069 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivors of extremely preterm birth (gestational age < 27 weeks) have been reported to exhibit an altered cardiovascular phenotype in childhood. The mechanisms are unknown. We investigated associations between postnatal nutritional intakes and hyperglycemia, and left heart and aortic dimensions in children born extremely preterm. Postnatal nutritional data and echocardiographic dimensions at 6.5 years of age were extracted from a sub-cohort of the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS; children born extremely preterm between 2004-2007, n = 171, mean (SD) birth weight = 784 (165) grams). Associations between macronutrient intakes or number of days with hyperglycemia (blood glucose > 8 mmol/L) in the neonatal period (exposure) and left heart and aortic dimensions at follow-up (outcome) were investigated. Neonatal protein intake was not associated with the outcomes, whereas higher lipid intake was significantly associated with larger aortic root diameter (B = 0.040, p = 0.009). Higher neonatal carbohydrate intake was associated with smaller aorta annulus diameter (B = -0.016, p = 0.008). Longer exposure to neonatal hyperglycemia was associated with increased thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (B = 0.004, p = 0.008) and interventricular septum (B = 0.004, p = 0.010). The findings in this study indicate that postnatal nutrition and hyperglycemia may play a role in some but not all long-lasting developmental adaptations of the cardiovascular system in children born extremely preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawwad Hamayun
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.-A.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Lilly-Ann Mohlkert
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.-A.M.); (M.N.)
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Sachs’ Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, 118 83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.D.); (I.Z.)
| | - Mikael Norman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden; (L.-A.M.); (M.N.)
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Itay Zamir
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.D.); (I.Z.)
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8
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Hanson M. The inheritance of cardiovascular disease risk. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:1747-1756. [PMID: 30964948 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is foremost among the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) which account for 71% of deaths globally each year. CVD is also prominent among the pre-existing conditions still accounting for nearly 25% of maternal deaths and is linked to gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. Markers of CVD risk have been reported even in young children, related to prenatal factors such as mother's diet or body composition. The underlying mechanisms include epigenetic changes which can alter the trajectory of risk across the life course. Preventive interventions need to commence before conception, to reduce transmission of CVD risk by promoting healthy behaviours in prospective parents, as well as in pregnancy, and postpartum through breastfeeding and healthy complementary feeding. Surprisingly, these opportunities are not emphasised in the 2018 United Nations Political Declaration on NCDs. NCDs such as CVD have communicable risk components transmitted across generations by socio-economic as well as biological factors, although the former can also become embodied in the offspring by epigenetic mechanisms. The inheritance of CVD risk, and social inequalities in such risk, thus raises wider questions about responsibility for the health of future generations at societal as well as individual levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK
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9
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Diet and physical activity in pregnancy and offspring's cardiovascular health: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2018; 10:286-298. [PMID: 30419991 DOI: 10.1017/s204017441800082x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence linking maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring's cardiovascular health. Although many studies examined this association, the evidence has not been reviewed systematically. We therefore undertook a systematic review to synthesize evidence examining the association of maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring's blood pressure and vascular health. We systematically searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 30, 2017. Eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 19 articles were included comprising three randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Of the studies that examined the association of interest, 60% (three out of five studies) showed that high maternal carbohydrate intake was associated with higher offspring's blood pressure. Maternal protein intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with offspring carotid intima-media thickness in two out of two studies. No consistent findings for maternal fatty acid intake were found. There were too few studies to draw conclusions on energy intake, fibre intake, protein/carbohydrate ratio, specific foods, dietary patterns and maternal physical activity. Heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessment hampered pooling. Also, owing to the observational nature of most studies, causality cannot be established. Harmonization of valid exposure and outcome measurements, and the development of core outcome sets are needed to enable more robust conclusions.
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Nassan FL, Chiu YH, Vanegas JC, Gaskins AJ, Williams PL, Ford JB, Attaman J, Hauser R, Chavarro JE. Intake of protein-rich foods in relation to outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:1104-1112. [PMID: 30475972 PMCID: PMC6692709 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Some dietary factors have been linked to outcomes of infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technology (ART), but the role of intake of meats and other protein-rich foods remains unclear. Objective The aim of this manuscript was to study the relation between preconception intake of meat and other protein-rich foods and outcomes of infertility treatment with ART. Design A total of 351 women enrolled in a prospective cohort at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center and underwent 598 ART cycles for infertility treatment. Meat intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and ART outcomes were abstracted from electronic medical records. We estimated the associations between intake of protein-rich foods (meats, eggs, beans, nuts, and soy) and the outcome of live birth per initiated cycle using generalized linear mixed models. Results The average total meat intake was 1.2 servings/d, with most coming from poultry (35%), fish (25%), processed meat (22%), and red meat (17%). Fish intake was positively related to the proportion of cycles resulting in live birth. The multivariable-adjusted probabilities of live birth for women in increasing quartiles of fish intake were 34.2% (95% CI: 26.5%, 42.9%), 38.4% (95% CI: 30.3%, 47.3%), 44.7% (95% CI: 36.3%, 53.4%), and 47.7% (95% CI: 38.3%, 57.3%), respectively (P-trend = 0.04). In the estimated substitution analyses, the ORs of live birth associated with increasing fish intake by 2 servings/wk were 1.54 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.07) when fish replaced any other meat, 1.50 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.98) when fish replaced any other protein-rich food, and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.35) when fish replaced processed meat. Conclusions Fish consumption is related to a higher probability of live birth following infertility treatment with ART. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00011713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiby L Nassan
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yu-Han Chiu
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jose C Vanegas
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Audrey J Gaskins
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer B Ford
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jill Attaman
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jorge E Chavarro
- Departments of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Van Horn L, Vincent E, Perak AM. Preserving Cardiovascular Health in Young Children: Beginning Healthier by Starting Earlier. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:26. [PMID: 29696447 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0729-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goals of this paper are to review current literature regarding maternal-fetal-pediatric diet and nutritional factors related to preserving cardiovascular health in the very young child and the emerging data implicating nutritional influences on neurodevelopmental factors. Questions related to maternal diet and influences of human milk on child's growth, neurodevelopment, and risk of developing obesity were addressed. RECENT FINDINGS The majority of US women in their reproductive years have overweight or obese status thereby increasing the risk of developing obesity in their children. Efforts to restrict gestational weight gain, perpetuate breast-feeding, and introduce heart-healthy complementary feeding after 6 months of age are now more commonly recommended and offer practical translational approaches to prevent pediatric obesity and encourage neurodevelopment intended to support cognitive and executive function. There is growing literature on the role of maternal-fetal-pediatric nutrition on cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental health in children. Potential influences of maternal diet quality and obesity on not only birth outcomes but subsequent risk factor development in the child are increasingly apparent. Further investigation of these factors has become a major research focus in developing future diet recommendations to better inform underlying potential mechanisms and identify opportunities for primary prevention starting in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, #1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Eileen Vincent
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, #1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amanda M Perak
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 North Lake Shore Drive, #1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, #1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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12
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Skilton MR. ω-3 Fatty Acids, Impaired Fetal Growth, and Cardiovascular Risk: Nutrition as Precision Medicine. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:99-104. [PMID: 29659684 PMCID: PMC5916430 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine refers to treatment or prevention strategies in a group of individuals identified by their phenotype or genotype. Dietary components or patterns may play an important role in precision medicine. There is emerging evidence to support a role for n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids in lowering blood pressure and reducing the extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in people born with impaired fetal growth, a group at increased risk of coronary artery disease partly due to an increased risk of hypertensive disorders. The evidence linking n-3 fatty acid intake with less atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure in people with impaired fetal growth has been derived from studies in young children, adolescents, and adults and has included dietary assessments by questionnaires and circulating biomarkers. Furthermore, results appear to be similar for shorter chain n-3 fatty acids from plant sources and long-chain n-3 fatty acids from marine sources. The general framework used to develop this evidence, consisting of hypothesis-driven analyses from observational studies and post hoc analyses of a randomized clinical trial, before a priori testing as a primary outcome in randomized trials, is presented and proposed as a potential model for the identification and development of dietary precision medicine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Skilton
- Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise, and Eating Disorders, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Hanson M, Gluckman P. Commentary: Developing the future: life course epidemiology, DOHaD and evolutionary medicine. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 45:993-996. [PMID: 27880687 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, .,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK and
| | - Peter Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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14
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Colussi G, Catena C, Novello M, Bertin N, Sechi LA. Impact of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on vascular function and blood pressure: Relevance for cardiovascular outcomes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:191-200. [PMID: 27692558 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To overview the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on blood vessels and blood pressure (BP) and their relevance for cardiovascular prevention. DATA SYNTHESIS The importance of omega-3 PUFA for the cardiovascular system has come under the spotlight during the last decades. These fatty acids are present in variable amounts in cell membranes of mammal species, and their content affects a variety of cellular functions. Evidence obtained in animal and human studies suggests that omega-3 PUFA affect many steps of the atherosclerotic process. In blood vessels, omega-3 PUFA improve endothelial function; promote vasodilatation through relaxation of smooth muscle cells; exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic actions; delay development of plaques and increase their stability; and decrease wall stiffening. Omega-3 PUFA might affect BP, and studies conducted with ambulatory monitoring suggest that supplementation with these fatty acids decreases the average 24-h BP levels. This effect on BP is related to the pretreatment membrane content of omega-3 PUFA, and this might explain some inconsistencies among intervention trials. Meta-analyses indicate that omega-3 PUFA have a mild but significant BP lowering effect. While encouraging results were initially obtained with the use of omega-3 PUFA supplements in secondary prevention trials, meta-analyses have not confirmed the ability of these fatty acids to decrease the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease. CONCLUSIONS Omega-3 PUFA are associated with significant improvement in vascular function and lowering of BP. However, the evidence currently supporting the role of these fatty acids in cardiovascular prevention is weak and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Colussi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Catena
- Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - M Novello
- Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - N Bertin
- Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - L A Sechi
- Internal Medicine, Department of Experimental and Medical Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
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15
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Saeidlou SN, Babaei F, Ayremlou P. Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of North West Households in Iran: Is Knowledge likely to Become Practice? MAEDICA 2016; 11:286-295. [PMID: 28828044 PMCID: PMC5543519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional factors have an important role in the incidence of non-communicable diseases and they are strong predictors of cardiovascular risk among adolescents. This study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of urban and rural households towards the principles of nutrition in West Azerbaijan Province. DESIGN AND METHODS This cross sectional population based study was conducted among 455 urban and rural households. The sampling method at households' level in each area was the single stage cluster sampling. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire and through the interview with the eligible subject in each household. Analyses were performed using SPSS 20 statistical software. For qualitative data, results were presented as frequency and percentage. RESULTS Out of a total of 455 households that were selected as overall sample size, 272 (59.8%) were in urban areas and 183 (40.2%) in rural areas. More than 50% of the households in both urban and rural areas were aware of food groups. More than 40% of the households in both urban and rural areas knew about the roles of food groups and the level of knowledge most frequently encountered was about the role of milk and dairy group in urban areas (88.6%). Vitamin intake associated with the role of fruits (68%) and vegetables (62.5%) had the highest frequency. Most of the respondents declared that they consumed certain foods for their effects related to health improvement and disease prevention. The results showed that 45.2-99.8% of them had favorable attitudes. Most of the households consumed red meat, poultry, egg and legumes weekly, whereas fish was eaten rarely. Fruits, vegetables, sugar and dairy were consumed daily in most of the households. CONCLUSION Higher nutrition knowledge is associated with better practice and diet quality. Our findings suggest that nutrition education should be integrated in a household training program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Nouri Saeidlou
- Food and Beverage Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Parvin Ayremlou
- Food and Beverage Safety Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
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16
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Sharma D, Shastri S, Sharma P. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Antenatal and Postnatal Aspects. Clin Med Insights Pediatr 2016; 10:67-83. [PMID: 27441006 PMCID: PMC4946587 DOI: 10.4137/cmped.s40070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a condition that occurs due to various reasons, is an important cause of fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It has been defined as a rate of fetal growth that is less than normal in light of the growth potential of that specific infant. Usually, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) are used interchangeably in literature, even though there exist minute differences between them. SGA has been defined as having birth weight less than two standard deviations below the mean or less than the 10th percentile of a population-specific birth weight for specific gestational age. These infants have many acute neonatal problems that include perinatal asphyxia, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. The likely long-term complications that are prone to develop when IUGR infants grow up includes growth retardation, major and subtle neurodevelopmental handicaps, and developmental origin of health and disease. In this review, we have covered various antenatal and postnatal aspects of IUGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Sharma
- Department of Neonatology, NEOCLINIC, TN Mishra Marg, Everest Vihar, Nirman Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sweta Shastri
- Department of Pathology, N.K.P Salve Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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17
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Hanson MA, Cooper C, Aihie Sayer A, Eendebak RJ, Clough GF, Beard JR. Developmental aspects of a life course approach to healthy ageing. J Physiol 2016; 594:2147-60. [PMID: 26518329 DOI: 10.1113/jp270579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine the mechanistic basis and wider implications of adopting a developmental perspective on human ageing. Previous models of ageing have concentrated on its genetic basis, or the detrimental effects of accumulated damage, but also have raised issues about whether ageing can be viewed as adaptive itself, or is a consequence of other adaptive processes, for example if maintenance and repair processes in the period up to reproduction are traded off against later decline in function. A life course model places ageing in the context of the attainment of peak capacity for a body system, starting in early development when plasticity permits changes in structure and function induced by a range of environmental stimuli, followed by a period of decline, the rate of which depends on the peak attained as well as the later life conditions. Such path dependency in the rate of ageing may offer new insights into its modification. Focusing on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular function, we discuss this model and the possible underlying mechanisms, including endothelial function, oxidative stress, stem cells and nutritional factors such as vitamin D status. Epigenetic changes induced during developmental plasticity, and immune function may provide a common mechanistic process underlying a life course model of ageing. The life course trajectory differs in high and low resource settings. New insights into the developmental components of the life course model of ageing may lead to the design of biomarkers of later chronic disease risk and to new interventions to promote healthy ageing, with important implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - C Cooper
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - A Aihie Sayer
- NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, UK.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University Hospital Southampton, UK
| | - R J Eendebak
- Andrology Research Unit, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Old St Mary's Building, Hathersage Road, Manchester, UK
| | - G F Clough
- Institute of Developmental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - J R Beard
- Department of Ageing and Lifecourse, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland
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18
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Le Donne M, Alibrandi A, Vita R, Zanghì D, Triolo O, Benvenga S. Does eating oily fish improve gestational and neonatal outcomes? Findings from a Sicilian study. Women Birth 2016; 29:e50-7. [PMID: 26837604 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish is a source of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids, but it may also contain a number of pollutants. METHODS Between April and July 2013, we selected 114 women who gave birth to living babies, and divided them according to type and frequency of the fish consumed. We evaluated both gestational and neonatal outcomes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation was taken into account. FINDINGS One hundred and four women (91.2%) consumed fish on the average of 4.7 times/month, while 10 (8.8%) did not consume fish at all. Fifty-nine women (51.8%) were taking supplements containing DHA (200mg/day), almost all of whom (n=55) consumed fish. Pregnancy induced hypertension was more frequent in non-fish eaters than in fish eaters (20% vs 4.8%, P=0.056). Consumption of small size oily fish correlated positively with both neonatal weight (r=0.195, P=0.037) and head circumference (r=0.211, P=0.024). In contrast, consumption of lean fish or shellfish correlated negatively with neonatal head circumference (r=0.206, P=0.028, or r=0.192, P=0.041). DISCUSSION These data agree with previous observational studies and reinforce the protective role of small oily fish consumption on preterm birth risk, neonatal weight, length and head circumference. CONCLUSION Small oily fish consumption should be favored over other types of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Le Donne
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina 98125, Italy.
| | | | - Roberto Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Delia Zanghì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Onofrio Triolo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, Microbiology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy; Interdepartmental Program of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology & Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina 98125, Italy
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