1
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Driss LB, Lian J, Walker RG, Howard JA, Thompson TB, Rubin LL, Wagers AJ, Lee RT. GDF11 and aging biology - controversies resolved and pending. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:42. [PMID: 38235060 PMCID: PMC10793994 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2023.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Since the exogenous administration of GDF11, a TGF-ß superfamily member, was reported to have beneficial effects in some models of human disease, there have been many research studies in GDF11 biology. However, many studies have now confirmed that exogenous administration of GDF11 can improve physiology in disease models, including cardiac fibrosis, experimental stroke, and disordered metabolism. GDF11 is similar to GDF8 (also called Myostatin), differing only by 11 amino acids in their mature signaling domains. These two proteins are now known to be biochemically different both in vitro and in vivo. GDF11 is much more potent than GDF8 and induces more strongly SMAD2 phosphorylation in the myocardium compared to GDF8. GDF8 and GDF11 prodomain are only 52% identical and are cleaved by different Tolloid proteases to liberate the mature signaling domain from inhibition of the prodomain. Here, we review the state of GDF11 biology, highlighting both resolved and remaining controversies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ben Driss
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - John Lian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan G. Walker
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - James A. Howard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Thomas B. Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy J. Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Rodgers BD, Ward CW. Myostatin/Activin Receptor Ligands in Muscle and the Development Status of Attenuating Drugs. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:329-365. [PMID: 34520530 PMCID: PMC8905337 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle wasting disease indications are among the most debilitating and often deadly noncommunicable disease states. As a comorbidity, muscle wasting is associated with different neuromuscular diseases and myopathies, cancer, heart failure, chronic pulmonary and renal diseases, peripheral neuropathies, inflammatory disorders, and, of course, musculoskeletal injuries. Current treatment strategies are relatively ineffective and can at best only limit the rate of muscle degeneration. This includes nutritional supplementation and appetite stimulants as well as immunosuppressants capable of exacerbating muscle loss. Arguably, the most promising treatments in development attempt to disrupt myostatin and activin receptor signaling because these circulating factors are potent inhibitors of muscle growth and regulators of muscle progenitor cell differentiation. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the clinical potential of "inhibiting the inhibitors," increasing muscle cell protein synthesis, decreasing degradation, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, and preserving muscle function. Such changes can prevent muscle wasting in various disease animal models yet many drugs targeting this pathway failed during clinical trials, some from serious treatment-related adverse events and off-target interactions. More often, however, failures resulted from the inability to improve muscle function despite preserving muscle mass. Drugs still in development include antibodies and gene therapeutics, all with different targets and thus, safety, efficacy, and proposed use profiles. Each is unique in design and, if successful, could revolutionize the treatment of both acute and chronic muscle wasting. They could also be used in combination with other developing therapeutics for related muscle pathologies or even metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopedics and Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology (BioMET), University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA
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3
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Starcher AE, Peissig K, Stanton JB, Churchill GA, Cai D, Maxwell JT, Grider A, Love K, Chen SY, Coleman AE, Strauss E, Pazdro R. A systems approach using Diversity Outbred mice distinguishes the cardiovascular effects and genetics of circulating GDF11 from those of its homolog, myostatin. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6362884. [PMID: 34510201 PMCID: PMC8527520 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the TGF-β protein family that has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. While some studies have suggested that systemic GDF11 protects against cardiomyocyte enlargement and left ventricular wall thickening, there remains uncertainty about the true impact of GDF11 and whether its purported effects are actually attributable to its homolog myostatin. This study was conducted to resolve the statistical and genetic relationships among GDF11, myostatin, and cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of human genetics, the Diversity Outbred (DO) stock. In the DO population, serum GDF11 concentrations positively correlated with cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area, while circulating myostatin levels were negatively correlated with body weight, heart weight, and left ventricular wall thickness and mass. Genetic analyses revealed that serum GDF11 concentrations are modestly heritable (0.23) and identified a suggestive peak on murine chromosome 3 in close proximity to the gene Hey1, a transcriptional repressor. Bioinformatic analyses located putative binding sites for the HEY1 protein upstream of the Gdf11 gene in the mouse and human genomes. In contrast, serum myostatin concentrations were more heritable (0.57) than GDF11 concentrations, and mapping identified a significant locus near the gene FoxO1, which has binding motifs within the promoter regions of human and mouse myostatin genes. Together, these findings more precisely define the independent cardiovascular effects of GDF11 and myostatin, as well as their distinct regulatory pathways. Hey1 is a compelling candidate for the regulation of GDF11 and will be further evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Starcher
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kristen Peissig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Dunpeng Cai
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Arthur Grider
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kim Love
- K. R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Amanda E Coleman
- Department of Small Animal Medicine & Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Emma Strauss
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Chen L, Luo G, Liu Y, Lin H, Zheng C, Xie D, Zhu Y, Chen L, Huang X, Hu D, Xie J, Chen Z, Liao W, Bin J, Wang Q, Liao Y. Growth differentiation factor 11 attenuates cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury via enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and telomerase activity. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:665. [PMID: 34215721 PMCID: PMC8253774 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Considering that GDF11 plays a role in the aging/rejuvenation process and that aging is associated with telomere shortening and cardiac dysfunction, we hypothesized that GDF11 might protect against IR injury by activating telomerase. Human plasma GDF11 levels were significantly lower in acute coronary syndrome patients than in chronic coronary syndrome patients. IR mice with myocardial overexpression GDF11 (oe-GDF11) exhibited a significantly smaller myocardial infarct size, less cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, fewer apoptotic cardiomyocytes, higher telomerase activity, longer telomeres, and higher ATP generation than IR mice treated with an adenovirus carrying a negative control plasmid. Furthermore, mitochondrial biogenesis-related proteins and some antiapoptotic proteins were significantly upregulated by oe-GDF11. These cardioprotective effects of oe-GDF11 were significantly antagonized by BIBR1532, a specific telomerase inhibitor. Similar effects of oe-GDF11 on apoptosis and mitochondrial energy biogenesis were observed in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, whereas GDF11 silencing elicited the opposite effects to oe-GDF11 in mice. We concluded that telomerase activation by GDF11 contributes to the alleviation of myocardial IR injury through enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/genetics
- Bone Morphogenetic Proteins/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Growth Differentiation Factors/genetics
- Growth Differentiation Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Heart/genetics
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Naphthalenes/pharmacology
- Organelle Biogenesis
- Rats
- Signal Transduction
- Telomerase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Telomerase/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guangjin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yameng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dongxiao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Donghong Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiahe Xie
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhenhuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiancheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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5
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Zhang C, Lin Y, Liu Q, He J, Xiang P, Wang D, Hu X, Chen J, Zhu W, Yu H. Growth differentiation factor 11 promotes differentiation of MSCs into endothelial-like cells for angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8703-8717. [PMID: 32588524 PMCID: PMC7412688 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β super family. It has multiple effects on development, physiology and diseases. However, the role of GDF11 in the development of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is not clear. To explore the effects of GDF11 on the differentiation and pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs, mouse bone marrow-derived MSCs were engineered to overexpress GDF11 (MSCGDF11 ) and their capacity for differentiation and paracrine actions were examined both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of endothelial markers CD31 and VEGFR2 at the levels of both mRNA and protein was significantly higher in MSCGDF11 than control MSCs (MSCVector ) during differentiation. More tube formation was observed in MSCGDF11 as compared with controls. In an in vivo angiogenesis assay with Matrigel plug, MSCGDF11 showed more differentiation into CD31+ endothelial-like cells and better pro-angiogenic activity as compared with MSCVector . Mechanistically, the enhanced differentiation by GDF11 involved activation of extracellular-signal-related kinase (ERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E). Inhibition of either TGF-β receptor or ERK diminished the effect of GDF11 on MSC differentiation. In summary, our study unveils the function of GDF11 in the pro-angiogenic activities of MSCs by enhancing endothelial differentiation via the TGFβ-R/ERK/EIF4E pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhua He
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dianliang Wang
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Opstad TB, Kalstad AA, Holte KB, Berg TJ, Solheim S, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. Shorter Leukocyte Telomere Lengths in Healthy Relatives of Patients with Coronary Heart Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 23:324-332. [PMID: 31805818 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere length (TL), sirtuin (SIRT) 1, growth differentiation factor (GDF) 11, as well as inflammaging have been related to age-related diseases. In healthy subjects, we aimed to investigate whether leukocyte TL (LTL) associated with family history of coronary heart disease (CHD), age, sex, and lifestyle, and further potential covariations between LTL, GDF11, SIRT1 and selected proinflammatory markers. In 118 healthy subjects (18-81 years, 58% females), whole blood was collected for DNA and RNA isolation and polymerase chain reaction relative quantification of LTLs and gene-expression of SIRT1, GDF11, interleukin (IL)-18, and interferon (IFN)ƴ, respectively, and serum SIRT1 and IL-18 analyses. Shorter LTLs were associated with a seven-fold higher frequency of hereditary CHD in subjects with LTLs in quartile (Q)1 compared with Q2-4 (odds ratio = 7.5, 95% confidence interval: 2.5-21.6, p < 0.001, adjusted). We also observed that LTLs in Q4 compared with Q1-3 associated with higher leukocyte expression of SIRT1 and GDF11 (p = 0.052 and p = 0.058), lower IFNƴ expression (p = 0.009), and lower circulating IL-18 levels (p = 0.027). SIRT1 and GDF11 expression were strongly intercorrelated (Spearman's rho = 0.85, p < 0.001). Overall, smoking, snus, and alcohol consumption were not associated with LTLs. The observed shorter LTLs in association with elevated expression of SIRT1 and GDF11 and dampened inflammation in hereditary CHD subjects, suggest impending risk of disease. More research are warranted to shed light on early lifestyle interventions targeting these mechanisms, to promote healthier aging in individuals with hereditary burden. Graphical Abstract [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Are A Kalstad
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Beck Holte
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Prevention, and Obesity, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Julsrud Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Endocrinology, Prevention, and Obesity, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Clinical Heart Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Cui J, Huang W, Wang J, Su F, Chen N, Gong Q. TERT assists GDF11 to rejuvenate senescent VEGFR2 +/CD133 + cells in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1661-1688. [PMID: 31292540 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a transforming growth factor β superfamily member with a controversial role in rejuvenating old stem cells after acute injury in the elderly population. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) on GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of senescent late-outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), defined as VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells, in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We compared the quantity and capabilities of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells from old (>60 years), middle-aged (45-60 years), and young (<45 years) AMI patients. The decline in circulating count and survival of VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells with age was accompanied by decrease in their TERT and GDF11 expression levels in patients with AMI. Further, upregulation of TERT could trigger GDF11-mediated rejuvenation of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells by renewing their survival and angiogenic abilities through activation of canonical (Smad2/3) and noncanonical (eNOS) signaling pathways. Depletion of GDF11 or TERT caused senescence of young VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells leading to impaired vascular function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, whereas adTERT and rhGDF11 rescued this senescence. TERT cooperates with GDF11 to enhance regenerative capabilities of old VEGFR2+/CD133+ cells. When combined with TERT, GDF11 may represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of elderly patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, Dahua Hospital, 901 Laohumin Road, Xuhui District, 200237, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Medical College of Ji-Nan University, 396 Tongfuzhong Road, Haizhu District, 510220, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Nannan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qunlin Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 450 Tengyue Road, 200090, Shanghai, PR China
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8
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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9
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Opstad TB, Kalstad AA, Pettersen AÅ, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I. Novel biomolecules of ageing, sex differences and potential underlying mechanisms of telomere shortening in coronary artery disease. Exp Gerontol 2019; 119:53-60. [PMID: 30684534 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Telomere length (TL), growth differentiate factor (GDF)11, insulin growth factor (IGF)1, sirtuin (SIRT)1 and inflammatory processes have been related to ageing and age-related diseases, like coronary artery disease (CAD). We aimed to investigate the associations between leukocyte TLs (LTLs), chronological age, sex and comorbidities in CAD patients. Any covariations between LTL, GDF11, IGF1, SIRT-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were further assessed. METHODS In 300 patients with stable CAD (age 36-81 years, 20% females), DNA and RNA were isolated from whole blood for PCR analysis and relative quantification of LTLs and gene-expression of GDF11, IGF1,SIRT1, IL-12, IL-18 and IFNƴ, respectively. Serum was prepared for the analyses of circulating IL-18, IL-12, IL-6 and TNFα. RESULTS Patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) presented with 20% shorter LTLs vs. patients without (p = 0.019) indicating LTLs to be of importance for CAD severity. The observation however, was only observed in men (p = 0.009, n = 115), in which the upper LTL quartile associated with 64% lower frequency of previous MI compared to quartile 1-3 (p = 0.005, adjusted). LTLs were not differently distributed according to sex or comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes type 2 and metabolic syndrome. LTLs and GDF11 were inversely correlated to age (r = -0.17; p = 0.007 and r = -0.16; p = 0.010, respectively), however, separated in gender, LTL only in women (r = -0.37) and GDF11 only in men (r = -0.19) (p = 0.006, both). GDF11 and SIRT1 were strongly inter-correlated (r = 0.56, p ≤ 0.001), suggesting common upstream regulators. LTLs were moderately correlated to GDF11 and SIRT1 in overweight women (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) (r = 0.41; p = 0.027 and 0.43; p = 0.020, respectively), which may reflect common life-style influences on LTLs and these markers. In all women, we observed further that the highest LTL quartile associated with higher GDF11 and SIRT expression and lower circulating levels of IL-12, IL-18 and TNFα, as compared to quartile 1, which may indicate lifestyle influences on female LTLs. In men, the highest LTL quartile associated with lower IFNƴ expression and lower circulating TNFα. Overall, the results indicate an association between chronic low-grade inflammation and LTLs. CONCLUSIONS Shorter LTLs in CAD patients with previously suffered MI may indicate telomere attrition as part of its pathophysiology in men. The inverse association between LTLs and age exclusively in women underpins the previously reported decline in attrition rate in men with increasing age. As elevated GDF11 and SIRT1 along with attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokines seem to positively affect LTL in women, we hypothesize a potential sex-dimorphism in LTL regulation, which may implicate sex- adjusted health-preventive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Are A Kalstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Alf Åge Pettersen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Ringerike Hospital, Vestre Viken HF, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
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10
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Justice JN, Ferrucci L, Newman AB, Aroda VR, Bahnson JL, Divers J, Espeland MA, Marcovina S, Pollak MN, Kritchevsky SB, Barzilai N, Kuchel GA. A framework for selection of blood-based biomarkers for geroscience-guided clinical trials: report from the TAME Biomarkers Workgroup. GeroScience 2018; 40:419-436. [PMID: 30151729 PMCID: PMC6294728 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances indicate that biological aging is a potentially modifiable driver of late-life function and chronic disease and have led to the development of geroscience-guided therapeutic trials such as TAME (Targeting Aging with MEtformin). TAME is a proposed randomized clinical trial using metformin to affect molecular aging pathways to slow the incidence of age-related multi-morbidity and functional decline. In trials focusing on clinical end-points (e.g., disease diagnosis or death), biomarkers help show that the intervention is affecting the underlying aging biology before sufficient clinical events have accumulated to test the study hypothesis. Since there is no standard set of biomarkers of aging for clinical trials, an expert panel was convened and comprehensive literature reviews conducted to identify 258 initial candidate biomarkers of aging and age-related disease. Next selection criteria were derived and applied to refine this set emphasizing: (1) measurement reliability and feasibility; (2) relevance to aging; (3) robust and consistent ability to predict all-cause mortality, clinical and functional outcomes; and (4) responsiveness to intervention. Application of these selection criteria to the current literature resulted in a short list of blood-based biomarkers proposed for TAME: IL-6, TNFα-receptor I or II, CRP, GDF15, insulin, IGF1, cystatin C, NT-proBNP, and hemoglobin A1c. The present report provides a conceptual framework for the selection of blood-based biomarkers for use in geroscience-guided clinical trials. This work also revealed the scarcity of well-vetted biomarkers for human studies that reflect underlying biologic aging hallmarks, and the need to leverage proposed trials for future biomarker discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Justice
- Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Vanita R Aroda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Hypertension Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Judy L Bahnson
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jasmin Divers
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Santica Marcovina
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Michael N Pollak
- Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3T1E2, Canada
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Internal Medicine Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, and the Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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11
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Galkowski D, Ratajczak MZ, Kocki J, Darzynkiewicz Z. Of Cytometry, Stem Cells and Fountain of Youth. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:465-481. [PMID: 28364326 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Outlined are advances of cytometry applications to identify and sort stem cells, of laser scanning cytometry and ImageStream imaging instrumentation to further analyze morphometry of these cells, and of mass cytometry to classify a multitude of cellular markers in large cell populations. Reviewed are different types of stem cells, including potential candidates for cancer stem cells, with respect to their "stemness", and other characteristics. Appraised is further progress in identification and isolation of the "very small embryonic-like stem cells" (VSELs) and their autogenous transplantation for tissue repair and geroprotection. Also assessed is a function of hyaluronic acid, the major stem cells niche component, as a guardian and controller of stem cells. Briefly appraised are recent advances and challenges in the application of stem cells in regenerative medicine and oncology and their future role in different disciplines of medicine, including geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Janusz Kocki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University in Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz
- Brander Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10095, USA.
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12
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Hausenloy DJ, Garcia-Dorado D, Bøtker HE, Davidson SM, Downey J, Engel FB, Jennings R, Lecour S, Leor J, Madonna R, Ovize M, Perrino C, Prunier F, Schulz R, Sluijter JPG, Van Laake LW, Vinten-Johansen J, Yellon DM, Ytrehus K, Heusch G, Ferdinandy P. Novel targets and future strategies for acute cardioprotection: Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:564-585. [PMID: 28453734 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic heart disease and the heart failure that often results, remain the leading causes of death and disability in Europe and worldwide. As such, in order to prevent heart failure and improve clinical outcomes in patients presenting with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, novel therapies are required to protect the heart against the detrimental effects of acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). During the last three decades, a wide variety of ischaemic conditioning strategies and pharmacological treatments have been tested in the clinic-however, their translation from experimental to clinical studies for improving patient outcomes has been both challenging and disappointing. Therefore, in this Position Paper of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Cellular Biology of the Heart, we critically analyse the current state of ischaemic conditioning in both the experimental and clinical settings, provide recommendations for improving its translation into the clinical setting, and highlight novel therapeutic targets and new treatment strategies for reducing acute myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road London, W1T 7DN, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, 5 Hospital Dr, Singapore 169609, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Garcia-Dorado
- Department of Cardiology, Vall d Hebron University Hospital and Research Institute. Universitat Autònoma, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital Skejby, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - James Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, 5851 USA Dr. N., MSB 3074, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Felix B Engel
- Experimental Renal and Cardiovascular Research, Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nßrnberg, Schloßplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Jennings
- Department of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa and South African Medical Research Council Inter-University Cape Heart Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Chris Barnard Building, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Leor
- Tamman Cardiovascular Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Neufeld Cardiac Research Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Israel; Sheba Center for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell, and Tissue Engineering, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Israel
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Center of Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine - CESI-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Institute of Cardiology, Department of Neurosciences, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy; Texas Heart Institute and University of Texas Medical School in Houston, Department of Internal Medicine, 6770 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030 USA
| | - Michel Ovize
- Explorations Fonctionnelles Cardiovasculaires, Hôpital Louis Pradel, 28 Avenue du Doyen Jean Lépine, 69500 Bron, France; UMR 1060 (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Division of Cardiology, Federico II University Corso Umberto I, 40, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrice Prunier
- Department of Cardiology, University of Angers, University Hospital of Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig, University of Giessen, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Cardiology and UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jakob Vinten-Johansen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, 149 Tottenham Court Road London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Kirsti Ytrehus
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West-German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Graphisoft Park, 7 Záhony street, Budapest, H-1031, Hungary
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13
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Zimmers TA, Jiang Y, Wang M, Liang TW, Rupert JE, Au ED, Marino FE, Couch ME, Koniaris LG. Exogenous GDF11 induces cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and wasting. Basic Res Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28647906 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0639-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a TGF-beta superfamily member, is highly homologous to myostatin and essential for embryonic patterning and organogenesis. Reports of GDF11 effects on adult tissues are conflicting, with some describing anti-aging and pro-regenerative activities on the heart and skeletal muscle while others opposite or no effects. Herein, we sought to determine the in vivo cardiac and skeletal muscle effects of excess GDF11. Mice were injected with GDF11 secreting cells, an identical model to that used to initially identify the in vivo effects of myostatin. GDF11 exposure in mice induced whole body wasting and profound loss of function in cardiac and skeletal muscle over a 14-day period. Loss of cardiac mass preceded skeletal muscle loss. Cardiac histologic and echocardiographic evaluation demonstrated loss of ventricular muscle wall thickness, decreased cardiomyocyte size, and decreased cardiac function 10 days following initiation of GDF11 exposure. Changes in skeletal muscle after GDF11 exposure were manifest at day 13 and were associated with wasting, decreased fiber size, and reduced strength. Changes in cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle fibers were associated with activation of SMAD2, the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy. Thus, GDF11 over administration in vivo results in cardiac and skeletal muscle loss, dysfunction, and death. Here, serum levels of GDF11 by Western blotting were 1.5-fold increased over controls. Although GDF11 effects in vivo are likely dose, route, and duration dependent, its physiologic changes are similar to myostatin and other Activin receptors ligands. These data support that GDF11, like its other closely related TGF-beta family members, induces loss of cardiac and skeletal muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Zimmers
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C518, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Yanling Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Meijing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tiffany W Liang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph E Rupert
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ernie D Au
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Francesco E Marino
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Marion E Couch
- Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C518, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Leonidas G Koniaris
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 545 Barnhill Drive, Emerson 511, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,IUPUI Center for Cachexia Research, Innovation and Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, R3-C518, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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14
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Zhou Y, Sharma N, Dukes D, Myzithras MB, Gupta P, Khalil A, Kahn J, Ahlberg JS, Hayes DB, Franti M, Criswell T. GDF11 Treatment Attenuates the Recovery of Skeletal Muscle Function After Injury in Older Rats. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 19:431-437. [PMID: 27924614 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-0024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function results in loss of mobility for elderly patients. Novel therapies that can protect and/or restore muscle function during aging would have profound effects on the quality of life for this population. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been proposed as a "youthful" circulating factor that can restore cardiac, neural, and skeletal muscle functions in aging animals. However, conflicting data has been recently published that casts doubt on these assertions. We used a complex rat model of skeletal muscle injury that physiologically mimics injuries seen in patients; to investigate the ability of GDF11 and to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration after injury in older rats. Our data showed that GDF11 treatment resulted in a significant increase in tissue fibrosis, accompanied by attenuated functional recovery, as compared to animals treated with vehicle alone. GDF11 impaired the recovery of skeletal muscle function in older rats after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - Neel Sharma
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | - David Dukes
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA
| | | | - Priyanka Gupta
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ashraf Khalil
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julius Kahn
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - David B Hayes
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Franti
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, 27157, USA.
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15
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Liu W, Zhou L, Zhou C, Zhang S, Jing J, Xie L, Sun N, Duan X, Jing W, Liang X, Zhao H, Ye L, Chen Q, Yuan Q. GDF11 decreases bone mass by stimulating osteoclastogenesis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12794. [PMID: 27653144 PMCID: PMC5036163 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disease that affects millions of people. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) is a secreted member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily. Deletion of Gdf11 has been shown to result in a skeletal anterior-posterior patterning disorder. Here we show a role for GDF11 in bone remodelling. GDF11 treatment leads to bone loss in both young and aged mice. GDF11 inhibits osteoblast differentiation and also stimulates RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through Smad2/3 and c-Fos-dependent induction of Nfatc1. Injection of GDF11 impairs bone regeneration in mice and blocking GDF11 function prevents oestrogen-deficiency-induced bone loss and ameliorates age-related osteoporosis. Our data demonstrate that GDF11 is a previously unrecognized regulator of bone remodelling and suggest that GDF11 is a potential target for treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ningyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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