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Lin A, Brittan M, Baker AH, Dimmeler S, Fisher EA, Sluimer JC, Misra A. Clonal Expansion in Cardiovascular Pathology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:120-144. [PMID: 38362345 PMCID: PMC10864919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion refers to the proliferation and selection of advantageous "clones" that are better suited for survival in a Darwinian manner. In recent years, we have greatly enhanced our understanding of cell clonality in the cardiovascular context. However, our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind this clonal selection is still severely limited. There is a transpiring pattern of clonal expansion of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-and, in some cases, macrophages-in numerous cardiovascular diseases irrespective of their differing microenvironments. These findings indirectly suggest the possible existence of stem-like vascular cells which are primed to respond during disease. Subsequent clones may undergo further phenotypic changes to adopt either protective or detrimental roles. By investigating these clone-forming vascular cells, we may be able to harness this inherent clonal nature for future therapeutic intervention. This review comprehensively discusses what is currently known about clonal expansion across the cardiovascular field. Comparisons of the clonal nature of vascular cells in atherosclerosis (including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), pulmonary hypertension, aneurysm, blood vessel injury, ischemia- and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and cerebral cavernous malformations are evaluated. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings and propose that proper understanding and specific targeting of these clonal cells may provide unique therapeutic options for the treatment of these cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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2
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Li L, Wang M, Ma Q, Li Y, Ye J, Sun X, Sun G. Progress of Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Technology in Myocardial Infarction Research. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:768834. [PMID: 35252379 PMCID: PMC8893277 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.768834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After myocardial infarction, the heart enters a remodeling and repair phase that involves myocardial cell damage, inflammatory response, fibroblast activation, and, ultimately, angiogenesis. In this process, the proportions and functions of cardiomyocytes, immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other cells change. Identification of the potential differences in gene expression among cell types and/or transcriptome heterogeneity among cells of the same type greatly contribute to understanding the cellular changes that occur in heart and disease conditions. Recent advent of the single-cell transcriptome sequencing technology has facilitated the exploration of single cell diversity as well as comprehensive elucidation of the natural history and molecular mechanisms of myocardial infarction. In this manner, novel putative therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction treatment may be detected and clinically applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Molecular Medicine Research Centre, College of Integration Science, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jingxue Ye
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jingxue Ye
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Sun
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guibo Sun
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3
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Mathur A, Sim DS, Choudry F, Veerapen J, Colicchia M, Turlejski T, Hussain M, Hamshere S, Locca D, Rakhit R, Crake T, Kastrup J, Agrawal S, Jones DA, Martin J. Five‐year follow‐up of intracoronary autologous cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the REGENERATE‐AMI trial. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:1152-1159. [PMID: 35043578 PMCID: PMC8934988 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The long‐term outcomes of the intracoronary delivery of autologous bone marrow‐derived cells (BMCs) after acute myocardial infarction are not well established. Following the promising 1 year results of the REGENERATE‐AMI trial (despite it not achieving its primary endpoint), this paper presents the analysis of the 5 year clinical outcomes of these acute myocardial infarction patients who were treated with an early intracoronary autologous BMC infusion or placebo. Methods and results A 5 year follow‐up of major adverse cardiac events (defined as the composite of all‐cause death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and all coronary revascularization) and of rehospitalization for heart failure was completed in 85 patients (BMC n = 46 and placebo n = 39). The incidence of major adverse cardiac events was similar between the BMC‐treated patients and the placebo group (26.1% vs. 18.0%, P = 0.41). There were no cases of cardiac death in either group, but an increase in non‐cardiac death was seen in the BMC group (6.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.11). The rates of recurrent myocardial infarction and repeat revascularization were similar between the two groups. There were no cases of rehospitalization for heart failure in either group. Conclusion This 5 year follow‐up analysis of the REGENERATE‐AMI trial did not show an improvement in clinical outcomes for patients treated with cell therapy. This contrasts with the 1 year results which showed improvements in the surrogate outcome measures of ejection fraction and myocardial salvage index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mathur
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University School of Medicine Gwangju Korea
| | - Fizzah Choudry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Jessry Veerapen
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Martina Colicchia
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Tymoteusz Turlejski
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Mohsin Hussain
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Stephen Hamshere
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Didier Locca
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Roby Rakhit
- Department of Cardiology The Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London Foundation Trust London UK
| | - Tom Crake
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Samir Agrawal
- Haemato‐Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust & Immunobiology, Blizard Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
| | - Daniel A. Jones
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, William Harvey Research Institute Queen Mary University of London London UK
- Department of Cardiology Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust London UK
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4
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Johnston PV, Raval AN, Henry TD, Traverse JH, Pepine CJ. Dare to dream? Cell-based therapies for heart failure after DREAM-HF: Review and roadmap for future clinical study. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:100118. [PMID: 38560073 PMCID: PMC10978179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Clinical trials of cell-based therapies for heart failure have resulted in significant strides forward in our understanding of the potential the failing heart has for regeneration and repair. Yet, two decades on, the need for novel cell-based therapies for heart failure has never been greater. The DREAM-HF trial, which was presented as a late-breaking trial at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2021 did not meet the primary heart failure outcome, but did show a large, clinically significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients receiving cells, an effect that was most pronounced in patients with evidence of maladaptive inflammation. These results represent an important step forward in our understanding of how cell-based therapies can exert beneficial effects in patients with heart failure and should serve as a guide for future clinical efforts. In light of the results of DREAM-HF, this review serves to provide an understanding of the current state of cell-based therapies for heart failure, as well as to highlight major knowledge gaps and suggest guiding principles for clinical trials of cell therapy going forward. Using the knowledge gained from DREAM-HF along with the trials that preceded it, the potential for breakthrough cell-based therapies for heart failure in the coming decade is immense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V. Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Amish N. Raval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research at the Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Jay H. Traverse
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation at Abbot Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Carl J. Pepine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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5
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Vilahur G, Nguyen PH, Badimon L. Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on the Potential of Autologous Stem Cells and Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles to Repair the Ischemic Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:933-949. [PMID: 34251593 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in medical management and catheter-based therapy, mortality remains high, as does the risk of developing heart failure. Regenerative therapies have been widely used as an alternative option to repair the damaged heart mainly because of their paracrine-related beneficial effects. Although cell-based therapy has been demonstrated as feasible and safe, randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses show little consistent benefit from treatments with adult-derived stem cells. Mounting evidence from our group and others supports that cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities impair stem cell potential thus hampering their autologous use. This review aims to better understand the influence of diabetes on stem cell potential. For this purpose, we will first discuss the most recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of the effects of diabetes on stem cell phenotype, function, and molecular fingerprint to further elaborate on diabetes-induced alterations in stem cell extracellular vesicle profile. Although we acknowledge that multiple sources of stem or progenitor cells are used for regenerative purposes, we will focus on bone marrow hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells residing in the bone marrow, and adipose tissue and briefly discuss endothelial colony-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phuong Hue Nguyen
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular-Program ICCC, IR-Hospital Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB Sant Pau, C/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,Ciber CV - ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Sources of Variability in Clinical Translation of Regenerative Engineering Products: Insights from the National Academies Forum on Regenerative Medicine. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Chaudhry F, Isherwood J, Bawa T, Patel D, Gurdziel K, Lanfear DE, Ruden DM, Levy PD. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of the Cardiovascular System: New Looks for Old Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:173. [PMID: 31921894 PMCID: PMC6914766 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease encompasses a wide range of conditions, resulting in the highest number of deaths worldwide. The underlying pathologies surrounding cardiovascular disease include a vast and complicated network of both cellular and molecular mechanisms. Unique phenotypic alterations in specific cell types, visualized as varying RNA expression-levels (both coding and non-coding), have been identified as crucial factors in the pathology underlying conditions such as heart failure and atherosclerosis. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have elucidated a new realm of cell subpopulations and transcriptional variations that are associated with normal and pathological physiology in a wide variety of diseases. This breakthrough in the phenotypical understanding of our cells has brought novel insight into cardiovascular basic science. scRNA-seq allows for separation of widely distinct cell subpopulations which were, until recently, simply averaged together with bulk-tissue RNA-seq. scRNA-seq has been used to identify novel cell types in the heart and vasculature that could be implicated in a variety of disease pathologies. Furthermore, scRNA-seq has been able to identify significant heterogeneity of phenotypes within individual cell subtype populations. The ability to characterize single cells based on transcriptional phenotypes allows researchers the ability to map development of cells and identify changes in specific subpopulations due to diseases at a very high throughput. This review looks at recent scRNA-seq studies of various aspects of the cardiovascular system and discusses their potential value to our understanding of the cardiovascular system and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Chaudhry
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jenna Isherwood
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Tejeshwar Bawa
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Dhruvil Patel
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Katherine Gurdziel
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - David E Lanfear
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Douglas M Ruden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Urban Responses to Environmental Stressors, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Phillip D Levy
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Integrative Biosciences Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Tyler
- From the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (J.M.T., T.D.H.)
| | | | - Timothy D Henry
- From the Cedars-Sinai Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA (J.M.T., T.D.H.)
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9
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Rohde D, Nahrendorf M. Clonal and diverse: revisiting cardiac endothelial cells after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:2521-2522. [PMID: 31162523 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Rohde
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Li Z, Solomonidis EG, Meloni M, Taylor RS, Duffin R, Dobie R, Magalhaes MS, Henderson BEP, Louwe PA, D’Amico G, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Shah AM, Mills NL, Simons BD, Gray GA, Henderson NC, Baker AH, Brittan M. Single-cell transcriptome analyses reveal novel targets modulating cardiac neovascularization by resident endothelial cells following myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2019; 40:2507-2520. [PMID: 31162546 PMCID: PMC6685329 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A better understanding of the pathways that regulate regeneration of the coronary vasculature is of fundamental importance for the advancement of strategies to treat patients with heart disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the origin and clonal dynamics of endothelial cells (ECs) associated with neovascularization in the adult mouse heart following myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, we sought to define murine cardiac endothelial heterogeneity and to characterize the transcriptional profiles of pro-angiogenic resident ECs in the adult mouse heart, at single-cell resolution. METHODS AND RESULTS An EC-specific multispectral lineage-tracing mouse (Pdgfb-iCreERT2-R26R-Brainbow2.1) was used to demonstrate that structural integrity of adult cardiac endothelium following MI was maintained through clonal proliferation by resident ECs in the infarct border region, without significant contributions from bone marrow cells or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Ten transcriptionally discrete heterogeneous EC states, as well as the pathways through which each endothelial state is likely to enhance neovasculogenesis and tissue regeneration following ischaemic injury were defined. Plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein (Plvap) was selected for further study, which showed an endothelial-specific and increased expression in both the ischaemic mouse and human heart, and played a direct role in regulating human endothelial proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSION We present a single-cell gene expression atlas of cardiac specific resident ECs, and the transcriptional hierarchy underpinning endogenous vascular repair following MI. These data provide a rich resource that could assist in the development of new therapeutic interventions to augment endogenous myocardial perfusion and enhance regeneration in the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emmanouil G Solomonidis
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marco Meloni
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard S Taylor
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rodger Duffin
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross Dobie
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marlene S Magalhaes
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beth E P Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pieter A Louwe
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gabriela D’Amico
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, CRUK-Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Kairbaan M Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, CRUK-Barts Centre, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- Department for Cardiovascular Sciences, King’s College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Nicholas L Mills
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
- The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil C Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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11
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Young SA, Flynn LE, Amsden BG. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Resilient In Situ Forming Hydrogel Modulate Macrophage Phenotype. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1784-1797. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A. Young
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Flynn
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G. Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Human Mobility Research Centre, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Madigan M, Atoui R. Therapeutic Use of Stem Cells for Myocardial Infarction. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5020028. [PMID: 29642402 PMCID: PMC6027340 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although medical and surgical treatments can significantly improve patient outcomes, no treatment currently available is able to generate new contractile tissue or reverse ischemic myocardium. Driven by the recent/novel understanding that regenerative processes do exist in the myocardium—tissue previously thought not to possess regenerative properties—the use of stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach with high expectations. The literature describes the use of cells from various sources, categorizing them as either embryonic, induced pluripotent, or adult/tissue stem cells (mesenchymal, hematopoietic, skeletal myoblasts, cardiac stem cells). Many publications show the successful use of these cells to regenerate damaged myocardium in both animal and human models; however, more studies are needed to directly compare cells of various origins in efforts to draw conclusions on the ideal source. Although numerous challenges exist in this developing area of research and clinical practice, prospects are encouraging. The following aims to provide a concise review outlining the different types of stem cells used in patients after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Madigan
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada.
| | - Rony Atoui
- Health Sciences North, Sudbury, ON P3E 5J1, Canada.
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13
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Epstein SE, Lipinski MJ, Luger D. Persistent Inflammation, Stem Cell-Induced Systemic Anti-Inflammatory Effects, and Need for Repeated Stem Cell Injections: Critical Concepts Influencing Optimal Stem Cell Strategies for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.118.008524. [PMID: 29440037 PMCID: PMC5850210 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Epstein
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Michael J Lipinski
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | - Dror Luger
- MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
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14
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Cardiac Function Improvement and Bone Marrow Response -: Outcome Analysis of the Randomized PERFECT Phase III Clinical Trial of Intramyocardial CD133 + Application After Myocardial Infarction. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:208-224. [PMID: 28781130 PMCID: PMC5552265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phase III clinical trial PERFECT was designed to assess clinical safety and efficacy of intramyocardial CD133+ bone marrow stem cell treatment combined with CABG for induction of cardiac repair. DESIGN Multicentre, double-blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial. SETTING The study was conducted across six centres in Germany October 2009 through March 2016 and stopped due slow recruitment after positive interim analysis in March 2015. PARTICIPANTS Post-infarction patients with chronic ischemia and reduced LVEF (25-50%). INTERVENTIONS Eighty-two patients were randomised to two groups receiving intramyocardial application of 5ml placebo or a suspension of 0.5-5×106 CD133+. OUTCOME Primary endpoint was delta (∆) LVEF at 180days (d) compared to baseline measured in MRI. FINDINGS (PRESPECIFIED) Safety (n=77): 180d survival was 100%, MACE n=2, SAE n=49, without difference between placebo and CD133+. Efficacy (n=58): The LVEF improved from baseline LVEF 33.5% by +9.6% at 180d, p=0.001 (n=58). Treatment groups were not different in ∆LVEF (ANCOVA: Placebo +8.8% vs. CD133+ +10.4%, ∆CD133+vs placebo +2.6%, p=0.4). FINDINGS (POST HOC) Responders (R) classified by ∆LVEF≥5% after 180d were 60% of the patients (35/58) in both treatment groups. ∆LVEF in ANCOVA was +17.1% in (R) vs. non-responders (NR) (∆LVEF 0%, n=23). NR were characterized by a preoperative response signature in peripheral blood with reduced CD133+ EPC (RvsNR: p=0.005) and thrombocytes (p=0.004) in contrast to increased Erythropoeitin (p=0.02), and SH2B3 mRNA expression (p=0.073). Actuarial computed mean survival time was 76.9±3.32months (R) vs. +72.3±5.0months (NR), HR 0.3 [Cl 0.07-1.2]; p=0.067.Using a machine learning 20 biomarker response parameters were identified allowing preoperative discrimination with an accuracy of 80% (R) and 84% (NR) after 10-fold cross-validation. INTERPRETATION The PERFECT trial analysis demonstrates that the regulation of induced cardiac repair is linked to the circulating pool of CD133+ EPC and thrombocytes, associated with SH2B3 gene expression. Based on these findings, responders to cardiac functional improvement may be identified by a peripheral blood biomarker signature. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT00950274.
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Micheu MM, Dorobantu M. Fifteen years of bone marrow mononuclear cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction. World J Stem Cells 2017; 9:68-76. [PMID: 28491241 PMCID: PMC5405402 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v9.i4.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of modern treatment, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Even though standard of care therapy improves symptoms and also long-term prognosis of patients with AMI, it does not solve the critical issue, specifically the permanent damage of cardiomyocytes. As a result, a complex process occurs, namely cardiac remodeling, which leads to alterations in cardiac size, shape and function. This is what has driven the quest for unconventional therapeutic strategies aiming to regenerate the injured cardiac and vascular tissue. One of the latest breakthroughs in this regard is stem cell (SC) therapy. Based on favorable data obtained in experimental studies, therapeutic effectiveness of this innovative therapy has been investigated in clinical settings. Of various cell types used in the clinic, autologous bone marrow derived SCs were the first used to treat an AMI patient, 15 years ago. Since then, we have witnessed an increasing body of data as regards this cutting-edge therapy. Although feasibility and safety of SC transplant have been clearly proved, it’s efficacy is still under dispute. Conducted studies and meta-analysis reported conflicting results, but there is hope for conclusive answer to be provided by the largest ongoing trial designed to demonstrate whether this treatment saves lives. In the meantime, strategies to enhance the SCs regenerative potential have been applied and/or suggested, position papers and recommendations have been published. But what have we learned so far and how can we properly use the knowledge gained? This review will analytically discuss each of the above topics, summarizing the current state of knowledge in the field.
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Lee SH, Hong JH, Cho KH, Noh JW, Cho HJ. Discrepancy between short-term and long-term effects of bone marrow-derived cell therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27765070 PMCID: PMC5072331 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived cell therapy has been used to treat acute myocardial infarction. However, the therapeutic efficacy of this approach remains controversial. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate short-term and long-term effectiveness of bone marrow-derived therapy. Methods We searched eight databases (Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, KoreaMed, KMBASE, KISS, RISS, and KisTi) up to December 2014. Demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and adverse events were analyzed. We identified 5534 potentially relevant studies; 405 were subjected to a full-text review. Forty-three studies with 2635 patients were included in this review. Results No safety issues related to cell injection were reported during follow-up. At 6 months, cell-injected patients showed modest improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) compared with the control group. However, there were no differences between groups at other time points. In the cardiac MRI analysis, there were no significant differences in infarct size reduction between groups. Interestingly, mortality tended to be reduced at the 3-year follow-up, and at the 5-year follow-up, cell injection significantly decreased all-cause mortality. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated discrepancies between short-term LV functional improvement and long-term all-cause mortality. Future clinical trials should include long-term follow-up outcomes to validate the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Heui Lee
- Department of Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Gachon University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Hong
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Cho
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, 212 Yangji-dong, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi, 461-713, South Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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