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Pak B, Kim M, Han O, Lee HW, Dubrac A, Choi W, Yang JM, Boyé K, Cho H, Citrin KM, Kim I, Eichmann A, Bautch VL, Jin SW. ACVR1/ALK2-p21 signaling axis modulates proliferation of the venous endothelium in the retinal vasculature. Angiogenesis 2024:10.1007/s10456-024-09936-6. [PMID: 38955953 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-024-09936-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The proliferation of the endothelium is a highly coordinated process to ensure the emergence, expansion, and homeostasis of the vasculature. While Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling fine-tunes the behaviors of endothelium in health and disease, how BMP signaling influences the proliferation of endothelium and therefore, modulates angiogenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of Activin A Type I Receptor (ACVR1/ALK2), a key BMP receptor in the endothelium, in modulating the proliferation of endothelial cells. We show that ACVR1/ALK2 is a key modulator for the proliferation of endothelium in the retinal vessels. Loss of endothelial ALK2 leads to a significant reduction in endothelial proliferation and results in fewer branches/endothelial cells in the retinal vessels. Interestingly, venous endothelium appears to be more susceptible to ALK2 deletion. Mechanistically, ACVR1/ALK2 inhibits the expression of CDKN1A/p21, a critical negative regulator of cell cycle progression, in a SMAD1/5-dependent manner, thereby enabling the venous endothelium to undergo active proliferation by suppressing CDKN1A/p21. Taken together, our findings show that BMP signaling mediated by ACVR1/ALK2 provides a critical yet previously underappreciated input to modulate the proliferation of venous endothelium, thereby fine-tuning the context of angiogenesis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boryeong Pak
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Minjung Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Orjin Han
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Alexandre Dubrac
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Woosoung Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee Myung Yang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kevin Boyé
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Heewon Cho
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kathryn M Citrin
- Department of Biology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Injune Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Victoria L Bautch
- Department of Biology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- School of Life Sciences and Cell Logistics Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea.
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Zhang L, Cai X, Ma F, Qiao X, Ji J, Ma JA, Vergnes L, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Wu X, Boström KI. Two-step regulation by matrix Gla protein in brown adipose cell differentiation. Mol Metab 2024; 80:101870. [PMID: 38184275 PMCID: PMC10832489 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is intricately involved in adipose tissue development. BMP7 together with BMP4 have been implicated in brown adipocyte differentiation but their roles during development remains poorly specified. Matrix Gla protein (MGP) inhibits BMP4 and BMP7 and is expressed in endothelial and progenitor cells. The objective was to determine the role of MGP in brown adipose tissue (BAT) development. METHODS The approach included global and cell-specific Mgp gene deletion in combination with RNA analysis, immunostaining, thermogenic activity, and in vitro studies. RESULTS The results revealed that MGP directs brown adipogenesis at two essential steps. Endothelial-derived MGP limits triggering of white adipogenic differentiation in the perivascular region, whereas MGP derived from adipose cells supports the transition of CD142-expressing progenitor cells to brown adipogenic maturity. Both steps were important to optimize the thermogenic function of BAT. Furthermore, MGP derived from both sources impacted vascular growth. Reduction of MGP in either endothelial or adipose cells expanded the endothelial cell population, suggesting that MGP is a factor in overall plasticity of adipose tissue. CONCLUSION MGP displays a dual and cell-specific function in BAT, essentially creating a "cellular shuttle" that coordinates brown adipogenic differentiation with vascular growth during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Ristori T, Thuret R, Hooker E, Quicke P, Lanthier K, Ntumba K, Aspalter IM, Uroz M, Herbert SP, Chen CS, Larrivée B, Bentley K. Bmp9 regulates Notch signaling and the temporal dynamics of angiogenesis via Lunatic Fringe. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.557123. [PMID: 37808725 PMCID: PMC10557600 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.557123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In brief The mechanisms regulating the signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis are not fully known. Ristori et al. show that Lunatic Fringe (LFng) mediates the crosstalk between Bone Morphogenic Protein 9 (Bmp9) and Notch signaling, thereby regulating the endothelial cell behavior and temporal dynamics of their identity during sprouting angiogenesis. Highlights Bmp9 upregulates the expression of LFng in endothelial cells.LFng regulates the temporal dynamics of tip/stalk selection and rearrangement.LFng indicated to play a role in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.Bmp9 and LFng mediate the endothelial cell-pericyte crosstalk.Bone Morphogenic Protein 9 (Bmp9), whose signaling through Activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Alk1) is involved in several diseases, has been shown to independently activate Notch target genes in an additive fashion with canonical Notch signaling. Here, by integrating predictive computational modeling validated with experiments, we uncover that Bmp9 upregulates Lunatic Fringe (LFng) in endothelial cells (ECs), and thereby also regulates Notch activity in an inter-dependent, multiplicative fashion. Specifically, the Bmp9-upregulated LFng enhances Notch receptor activity creating a much stronger effect when Dll4 ligands are also present. During sprouting, this LFng regulation alters vessel branching by modulating the timing of EC phenotype selection and rearrangement. Our results further indicate that LFng can play a role in Bmp9-related diseases and in pericyte-driven vessel stabilization, since we find LFng contributes to Jag1 upregulation in Bmp9-stimulated ECs; thus, Bmp9-upregulated LFng results in not only enhanced EC Dll4-Notch1 activation, but also Jag1-Notch3 activation in pericytes.
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4
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Xiong LI, Garfinkel A. Are physiological oscillations physiological? J Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37622389 DOI: 10.1113/jp285015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite widespread and striking examples of physiological oscillations, their functional role is often unclear. Even glycolysis, the paradigm example of oscillatory biochemistry, has seen questions about its oscillatory function. Here, we take a systems approach to argue that oscillations play critical physiological roles, such as enabling systems to avoid desensitization, to avoid chronically high and therefore toxic levels of chemicals, and to become more resistant to noise. Oscillation also enables complex physiological systems to reconcile incompatible conditions such as oxidation and reduction, by cycling between them, and to synchronize the oscillations of many small units into one large effect. In pancreatic β-cells, glycolytic oscillations synchronize with calcium and mitochondrial oscillations to drive pulsatile insulin release, critical for liver regulation of glucose. In addition, oscillation can keep biological time, essential for embryonic development in promoting cell diversity and pattern formation. The functional importance of oscillatory processes requires a re-thinking of the traditional doctrine of homeostasis, holding that physiological quantities are maintained at constant equilibrium values, a view that has largely failed in the clinic. A more dynamic approach will initiate a paradigm shift in our view of health and disease. A deeper look into the mechanisms that create, sustain and abolish oscillatory processes requires the language of nonlinear dynamics, well beyond the linearization techniques of equilibrium control theory. Nonlinear dynamics enables us to identify oscillatory ('pacemaking') mechanisms at the cellular, tissue and system levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Ivy Xiong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Garfinkel
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Wu X, Zhang D, Qiao X, Zhang L, Cai X, Ji J, Ma JA, Zhao Y, Belperio JA, Boström KI, Yao Y. Regulating the cell shift of endothelial cell-like myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201799. [PMID: 36758986 PMCID: PMC10249020 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01799-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a common and severe fibrotic lung disease with high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have reported a large number of unwanted myofibroblasts appearing in pulmonary fibrosis, and shown that the sustained activation of myofibroblasts is essential for unremitting interstitial fibrogenesis. However, the origin of these myofibroblasts remains poorly understood. Here, we create new mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis and identify a previously unknown population of endothelial cell (EC)-like myofibroblasts in normal lung tissue. We show that these EC-like myofibroblasts significantly contribute myofibroblasts to pulmonary fibrosis, which is confirmed by single-cell RNA sequencing of human pulmonary fibrosis. Using the transcriptional profiles, we identified a small molecule that redirects the differentiation of EC-like myofibroblasts and reduces pulmonary fibrosis in our mouse models. Our study reveals the mechanistic underpinnings of the differentiation of EC-like myofibroblasts in pulmonary fibrosis and may provide new strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John A Belperio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Immunology, and Allergy, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ahmed T, Ramonett A, Kwak EA, Kumar S, Flores PC, Ortiz HR, Langlais PR, Hund TJ, Mythreye K, Lee NY. Endothelial tip/stalk cell selection requires BMP9-induced β IV-spectrin expression during sprouting angiogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar72. [PMID: 37126382 PMCID: PMC10295478 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-02-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
βIV-Spectrin is a membrane cytoskeletal protein with specialized roles in the nervous system and heart. Recent evidence also indicates a fundamental role for βIV-spectrin in angiogenesis as its endothelial-specific gene deletion in mice enhances embryonic lethality due to hypervascularization and hemorrhagic defects. During early vascular sprouting, βIV-spectrin is believed to inhibit tip cell sprouting in favor of the stalk cell phenotype by mediating VEGFR2 internalization and degradation. Despite these essential roles, mechanisms governing βIV-spectrin expression remain unknown. Here we identify bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) as a major inducer of βIV-spectrin gene expression in the vascular system. We show that BMP9 signals through the ALK1/Smad1 pathway to induce βIV-spectrin expression, which then recruits CaMKII to the cell membrane to induce phosphorylation-dependent VEGFR2 turnover. Although BMP9 signaling promotes stalk cell behavior through activation of hallmark stalk cell genes ID-1/3 and Hes-1 and Notch signaling cross-talk, we find that βIV-spectrin acts upstream of these pathways as loss of βIV-spectrin in neonate mice leads to retinal hypervascularization due to excessive VEGFR2 levels, increased tip cell populations, and strong Notch inhibition irrespective of BMP9 treatment. These findings demonstrate βIV-spectrin as a BMP9 gene target critical for tip/stalk cell selection during nascent vessel sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasmia Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Aaron Ramonett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Eun-A Kwak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Division of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Paola Cruz Flores
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Hannah R. Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | | | - Thomas J. Hund
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Karthikeyan Mythreye
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Nam Y. Lee
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724
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7
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Ma K, Chen N, Wang H, Li Q, Shi H, Su M, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Li T. The regulatory role of BMP4 in testicular Sertoli cells of Tibetan sheep. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac393. [PMID: 36440761 PMCID: PMC9838805 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the regulatory mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) gene in the testes of Tibetan sheep and its role in the blood-testis barrier (BTB). First, we cloned BMP4 gene for bioinformatics analysis, and detected the mRNA and protein expression levels of BMP4 in the testes of Tibetan sheep pre-puberty (3-mo-old), during sexual maturity (1-yr-old), and in adulthood (3-yr-old) by qRT-PCR and Western blot. In addition, the subcellular localization of BMP4 was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. Next, BMP4 overexpression and silencing vectors were constructed and transfected into primary Sertoli cells (SCs) to promote and inhibit the proliferation of BMP4, respectively. Then, CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation effect of SCs. The expression of BMP4 and downstream genes, pathway receptors, tight junction-related proteins, and cell proliferation and apoptosis-related genes in SCs were studied using qRT-PCR and Western blot. The results revealed that the relative expression of BMP4 mRNA and protein in testicular tissues of 1Y group and 3Y group was dramatically higher than that of 3M group (P < 0.01), and BMP4 protein is mainly located in SCs and Leydig cells at different development stages. The CDS region of the Tibetan sheep BMP4 gene was 1,229 bp. CCK-8 results demonstrated that the proliferation rate of BMP4 was significantly increased in the overexpression group (pc-DNA-3.1(+)-BMP4; P < 0.05). In addition, the mRNA and protein expressions of SMAD5, BMPR1A, and BMPR1B and tight junction-related proteins Claudin11, Occludin, and ZO1 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of cell proliferation-related gene Bcl2 was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05), and the expression of GDNF was enhanced (P > 0.05). The mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes Caspase3 and Bax decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the mRNA expression of cell cycle-related genes CyclinA2 and CDK2 increased significantly (P < 0.05). It is worth noting that the opposite results were observed after transfection with si-BMP4. In summary, what should be clear from the results reported here is that BMP4 affects testicular development by regulating the Sertoli cells and BTB, thereby modulating the spermatogenesis of Tibetan sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Nana Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
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