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White O, Roeder N, Blum K, Eiden RD, Thanos PK. Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159477. [PMID: 35954830 PMCID: PMC9368674 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine usage by mothers throughout pregnancy has been observed to relate to numerous deleterious effects in children, especially relating to obesity. Children who have prenatally been exposed to nicotine tend to have lower birth weights, with an elevated risk of becoming overweight throughout development and into their adolescent and adult life. There are numerous theories as to how this occurs: catch-up growth theory, thrifty phenotype theory, neurotransmitter or endocrine imbalances theory, and a more recent examination on the genetic factors relating to obesity risk. In addition to the negative effect on bodyweight and BMI, individuals with obesity may also suffer from numerous comorbidities involving metabolic disease. These may include type 1 and 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and liver disease. Predisposition for obesity with nicotine usage may also be associated with genetic risk alleles for obesity, such as the DRD2 A1 variant. This is important for prenatally nicotine-exposed individuals as an opportunity to provide early prevention and intervention of obesity-related risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia White
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Division of Addiction Research, Center for Psychiatry, Medicine & Primary Care (Office of Provost), Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Rina D. Eiden
- Department of Psychology, Social Science Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA;
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (O.W.); (N.R.)
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(716)-881-7520
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Iwama N, Obara T, Ishikuro M, Murakami K, Ueno F, Noda A, Onuma T, Matsuzaki F, Hoshiai T, Saito M, Metoki H, Sugawara J, Yaegashi N, Kuriyama S. Risk scores for predicting small for gestational age infants in Japan: The TMM birthree cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8921. [PMID: 35618764 PMCID: PMC9135745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to construct a prediction model for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in Japan by creating a risk score during pregnancy. A total of 17,073 subjects were included in the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study. A multiple logistic regression model was used to construct risk scores during early and mid-gestational periods (11–17 and 18–21 weeks of gestation, respectively). The risk score during early gestation comprised the maternal age, height, body mass index (BMI) during early gestation, parity, assisted reproductive technology (ART) with frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET), smoking status, blood pressure (BP) during early gestation, and maternal birth weight. The risk score during mid-gestation also consisted of the maternal age, height, BMI during mid-gestation, weight gain, parity, ART with FET, smoking status, BP level during mid-gestation, maternal birth weight, and estimated fetal weight during mid-gestation. The C-statistics of the risk scores during early- and mid-gestation were 0.658 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.642–0.675) and 0.725 (95% CI: 0.710–0.740), respectively. In conclusion, the predictive ability of the risk scores during mid-gestation for SGA infants was acceptable and better than that of the risk score during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. .,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Taku Obara
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumiko Matsuzaki
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hoshiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Pietersma CS, Mulders AGMGJ, Sabanovic A, Willemsen SP, Jansen MS, Steegers EAP, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Rousian M. OUP accepted manuscript. Hum Reprod 2022; 37:696-707. [PMID: 35193145 PMCID: PMC8971648 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is periconceptional maternal smoking associated with embryonic morphological development in ongoing pregnancies? SUMMARY ANSWER Smoking during the periconceptional period is associated with a delayed embryonic morphological development which is not fully recuperated beyond the first trimester of pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Smoking during pregnancy decreases prenatal growth, increasing the risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age (GA) and childhood obesity. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Between 2010 and 2018, 689 women with ongoing singleton pregnancies were periconceptionally enrolled in a prospective cohort study with follow-up until 1 year after delivery. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Between 7 + 0 and 10 + 3 weeks, GA serial three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed. Embryonic morphological development as assessed by the Carnegie developmental stages was evaluated using Virtual Reality techniques. In the absence of fetal morphology classification methods beyond the embryonic period, fetal ultrasound measurements at around 20 weeks’ GA, and birth weight were used to assess fetal growth. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between smoking and the Carnegie stages. Regarding first-trimester morphological development, we additionally stratified our findings for mode of conception. Multiple linear regression models were used to study the association between smoking, fetal growth and birth weight. To investigate to which extent delayed embryonic morphological development mediated the effect of smoking, contemporary mediation analysis was used. Adjustments were made for potential confounders and other covariates. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A total of 689 singleton ongoing pregnancies were included and 1210 Carnegie stages were determined. Maternal periconceptional smoking represented by the number of cigarettes/day was associated with a slight non-significant delay of the Carnegie stages (βcigarettes/day = −0.058, 95% CI −0.122; 0.007, P = 0.080). Smoking of ≥10 cigarettes/day showed the strongest association (β≥10 cigarettes/day = −0.352, 95% CI −0.648; −0.057, P = 0.019), as reflected by a 0.9-day delay in reaching the final Carnegie stage. Stratification for mode of conception showed a stronger negative association between the number of cigarettes/day in the IVF/ICSI group (βcigarettes/day = −0.126, 95% CI −0.200; −0.051, P = 0.001) compared to naturally conceived pregnancies (βcigarettes/day = 0.009, 95% CI −0.093; 0.111, P = 0.867). In the IVF/ICSI group, periconceptional smoking of ≥10 cigarettes/day was associated with in a 1.6 day delay in reaching the final Carnegie stage (β≥10 cigarettes/day = −0.510, 95% CI −0.834; −0.186, P = 0.002). In the second trimester, periconceptional smoking was associated with a smaller femur length (βcigarettes/day = −0.077, 95% CI −0.147; −0.008, P = 0.029) and a larger head circumference (β1–9 cigarettes/day = 0.290, 95% CI 0.065; 0.514, P = 0.012). Smoking was associated with a lower birth weight, with a dose-response effect (βcigarettes/day = −0.150, 95% CI −0.233; −0.068, P < 0.001). Furthermore, using the unadjusted model, 40–60% of the association between smoking and fetal ultrasound parameters and 6.3% of the association between smoking and birth weight can be explained by a delayed embryonic morphology. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study population was recruited from a tertiary referral center. Smoking habits were explored using self-reported questionnaires and checked for consistency by trained researchers. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study shows that the association of periconceptional maternal smoking and human morphological development can already be detected early in the first trimester of pregnancy using embryonic morphology as outcome. One of the key messages of this study is that the delay, or dysregulation, in embryonic morphology is associated with allometric growth reflected by smaller fetal measurements at 20 weeks gestation and lower weight at birth. The delay in embryonic morphology, measured in early pregnancy, cannot be recuperated during the pregnancy. The results of this study emphasize the importance of smoking intervention programs prior to conception. More research is warranted to assess the association between periconceptional smoking cessation and embryonic development. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The work was funded by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Pietersma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A G M G J Mulders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Sabanovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M S Jansen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R P M Steegers-Theunissen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Rousian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence address. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, PO Box 2040, Room Ee2271a, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31-10 7038254; Fax: +31-10-7036815; E-mail: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3008-2567
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Silva AI, Camelo A, Madureira J, Reis AT, Machado AP, Teixeira JP, Costa C. Urinary cotinine assessment of maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure status and its associations with perinatal outcomes: a cross-sectional birth study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 203:111827. [PMID: 34363802 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco consumption and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure remains an important public health concern. Pregnant women require particular attention as active and passive smoking during pregnancy are associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to biochemically validate self-reported smoking and ETS exposure status among pregnant women, to more precisely ascertain its association with adverse perinatal outcomes. Data refers to 595 pregnant women who sought prenatal care in a public hospital in Porto, Portugal. A standard questionnaire on smoking and ETS-related variables was completed. Urinary cotinine (UC) concentrations were assessed by solid-phase competitive ELISA, in maternal urine samples collected on the day of delivery. The results showed that the optimal UC cut-off value to distinguish smokers from non-smokers and within non-smokers those who were exposed to ETS from those non-exposed in the third trimester of pregnancy was 74.1 ng/mL (sensitivity and specificity of 96.7% and 98.0%, respectively) and 1.6 ng/mL (sensitivity of 66.2% and specificity of 75.7%, respectively). The agreement between maternal self-reported and UC-based smoking status was very good (κ=0.919, p<0.001), but much lower for ETS exposure (κ=0.386, p<0.001). Maternal active smoking in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a significant decrease in birth weight, length and head circumference of 157.66 g (95% CI: -245.81, -69.52; p<0.001), 0.78 cm (95% CI: -1.22, -0.34; p=0.001) and 0.39 cm (95% CI: -0.70, -0.07; p=0.016), respectively. Maternal ETS exposure in the third trimester of pregnancy was associated with a non-significant increase in birth weight of 38.37 g (95% CI: -28.91, 105.64; p=0.263). Furthermore, maternal smoking cessation was associated with the increase of approximately 172 g in birth weight (95% CI: 50.00, 293.19). As such, there is an urgent need for increased public health awareness campaigns to encourage smoking cessation during pregnancy, in order to improve perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Inês Silva
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Camelo
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Teresa Reis
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Machado
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
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Sikovanyecz J, Vincze M, Földesi I, Németh G, Kozinszky Z. Angiogenic factors measured in aspirated placental tissue between the 10 + 6 and 18 + 3 weeks of gestation. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100572. [PMID: 34798517 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the level of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in chorionic villi during in first and second trimester, and their association with nuchal translucency (NT) measured by ultrasound. Seventy-five singleton healthy pregnancies with no detected congenital malformation were collected for NT measurements and chorionic villus sampling (CVS). Concentrations of angiogenic factors were assayed in chorionic villi sampled between 10 + 6 and 18 + 3 weeks of gestation. ENOS level was steady during this gestational period, while the concentrations of VEGF-A and bFGF significantly decreased. Placental concentrations of VEGF-A and bFGF correlated positively with each other (semi-partial correlation in multivariable linear regression (r): 0.90) and both correlated negatively with the eNOS level (r: -0.64 and r: -0.83, respectively). NT was positively correlated with eNOS concentration and negatively correlated with bFGF levels (r: 0.85 and r: -0.78, respectively). Inverse correlation was found between gestational age and VEGF-A and bFGF concentrations (r: -0.57 and r: 0.73, respectively). Alterations of angiogenic factors in chorionic villi might be an adjunct modality to NT and foetal growth as sonographic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Sikovanyecz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márió Vincze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Németh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical and Pharmaceutical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kozinszky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Vega-Tapia F, Peñaloza E, Krause BJ. Specific arterio-venous transcriptomic and ncRNA-RNA interactions in human umbilical endothelial cells: A meta-analysis. iScience 2021; 24:102675. [PMID: 34222842 PMCID: PMC8243012 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether arterial-venous differences of primary endothelial cells commonly used for vascular research are preserved in vitro remains under debate. To address this issue, a meta-analysis of Affymetrix transcriptomic data sets from human umbilical artery (HUAECs) and vein (HUVEC) endothelial cells was performed. The meta-analysis showed 2,742 transcripts differentially expressed (false discovery rate <0.05), of which 78% were downregulated in HUVECs. Comparisons with RNA-seq data sets showed high levels of agreement and correlation (p < 0.0001), identifying 84 arterial-venous identity markers. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of key vascular processes in HUAECs/HUVECs, including nitric oxide- (NO) and hypoxia-related genes, as well as differences in miRNA- and ncRNA-mRNA interaction profiles. A proof of concept of these findings in primary cells exposed to hypoxia in vitro and in vivo confirmed the arterial-venous differences in NO-related genes and miRNAs. Altogether, these data defined a cross-platform arterial-venous transcript profile for cultured HUAEC-HUVEC and support a preserved identity involving key vascular pathways post-transcriptionally regulated in vitro. Transcriptional differences among HUAEC and HUVEC are preserved in culture These differences occur even after correcting for experimental conditions The heterogenous regulation affects NO- and hypoxia-related genes Cell-specific ncRNA/mRNA interactions are found
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Vega-Tapia
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Estefania Peñaloza
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, Rancagua, Chile
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7
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Brand JS, Gaillard R, West J, McEachan RRC, Wright J, Voerman E, Felix JF, Tilling K, Lawlor DA. Associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth: Findings from Mendelian randomization and parental negative control studies. PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002972. [PMID: 31721775 PMCID: PMC6853297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for low infant birth weight, but evidence on critical exposure windows and timing of fetal growth restriction is limited. Here we investigate the associations of maternal quitting, reducing, and continuing smoking during pregnancy with longitudinal fetal growth by triangulating evidence from 3 analytical approaches to strengthen causal inference. METHODS AND FINDINGS We analysed data from 8,621 European liveborn singletons in 2 population-based pregnancy cohorts (the Generation R Study, the Netherlands 2002-2006 [n = 4,682]) and the Born in Bradford study, United Kingdom 2007-2010 [n = 3,939]) with fetal ultrasound and birth anthropometric measures, parental smoking during pregnancy, and maternal genetic data. Associations with trajectories of estimated fetal weight (EFW) and individual fetal parameters (head circumference, femur length [FL], and abdominal circumference [AC]) from 12-16 to 40 weeks' gestation were analysed using multilevel fractional polynomial models. We compared results from (1) confounder-adjusted multivariable analyses, (2) a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using maternal rs1051730 genotype as an instrument for smoking quantity and ease of quitting, and (3) a negative control analysis comparing maternal and mother's partner's smoking associations. In multivariable analyses, women who continued smoking during pregnancy had a smaller fetal size than non-smokers from early gestation (16-20 weeks) through to birth (p-value for each parameter < 0.001). Fetal size reductions in continuing smokers followed a dose-dependent pattern (compared to non-smokers, difference in mean EFW [95% CI] at 40 weeks' gestation was -144 g [-182 to -106], -215 g [-248 to -182], and -290 g [-334 to -247] for light, moderate, and heavy smoking, respectively). Overall, fetal size reductions were most pronounced for FL. The fetal growth trajectory in women who quit smoking in early pregnancy was similar to that of non-smokers, except for a shorter FL and greater AC around 36-40 weeks' gestation. In MR analyses, each genetically determined 1-cigarette-per-day increase was associated with a smaller EFW from 20 weeks' gestation to birth in smokers (p = 0.01, difference in mean EFW at 40 weeks = -45 g [95% CI -81 to -10]) and a greater EFW from 32 weeks' gestation onwards in non-smokers (p = 0.03, difference in mean EFW at 40 weeks = 26 g [95% CI 5 to 47]). There was no evidence that partner smoking was associated with fetal growth. Study limitations include measurement error due to maternal self-report of smoking and the modest sample size for MR analyses resulting in unconfounded estimates being less precise. The apparent positive association of the genetic instrument with fetal growth in non-smokers suggests that genetic pleiotropy may have masked a stronger association in smokers. CONCLUSIONS A consistent linear dose-dependent association of maternal smoking with fetal growth was observed from the early second trimester onwards, while no major growth deficit was found in women who quit smoking early in pregnancy except for a shorter FL during late gestation. These findings reinforce the importance of smoking cessation advice in preconception and antenatal care and show that smoking reduction can lower the risk of impaired fetal growth in women who struggle to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S. Brand
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Romy Gaillard
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jane West
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Royal Infirmary, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Ellis Voerman
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine F. Felix
- Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kate Tilling
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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8
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Simonsen U, Winther AK, Oliván-Viguera A, Comerma-Steffensen S, Köhler R, Bek T. Extracellular l-arginine Enhances Relaxations Induced by Opening of Calcium-Activated SKCa Channels in Porcine Retinal Arteriole. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20082032. [PMID: 31027156 PMCID: PMC6515554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether the substrate for nitric oxide (NO) production, extracellular l-arginine, contributes to relaxations induced by activating small (SKCa) conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels. In endothelial cells, acetylcholine increased 3H-l-arginine uptake, while blocking the SKCa and the intermediate (IKCa) conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels reduced l-arginine uptake. A blocker of the y+ transporter system, l-lysine also blocked 3H-l-arginine uptake. Immunostaining showed co-localization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), SKCa3, and the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT-1) protein of the y+ transporter system in the endothelium. An opener of SKCa channels, cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine (CyPPA) induced large currents in endothelial cells, and concentration-dependently relaxed porcine retinal arterioles. In the presence of l-arginine, concentration-response curves for CyPPA were leftward shifted, an effect unaltered in the presence of low sodium, but blocked by l-lysine in the retinal arterioles. Our findings suggest that SKCa channel activity regulates l-arginine uptake through the y+ transporter system, and we propose that in vasculature affected by endothelial dysfunction, l-arginine administration requires the targeting of additional mechanisms such as SKCa channels to restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anna K Winther
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Aida Oliván-Viguera
- BESICoS group, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research, IIS-Aragón, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragón Agency for Research and Development (ARAID) at IACS and IIS Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Toke Bek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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9
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Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122719. [PMID: 30513890 PMCID: PMC6313314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. Subjects included 99 healthy pregnant women, who were tested for nitric oxide (NO), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase, total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). NO, eNOS, and TAC serum concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.005), but iNOS (p < 0.05) and TOC (p < 0.001) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations between NO concentration and eNOS, TAC, and smoking status in the whole group of patients. In the model estimated separately for smokers, the highest impact of eNOS (β = 0.375; p = 0.021) and cotinine (β = −0.323; p = 0.037) was indicated for NO concentration. In the model of non-smokers, eNOS (β = 0.291, p = 0.030) and TAC (β = 0.350; p = 0.015) were important for NO level. Smoking during pregnancy could exacerbate oxidative stress, impair the action of nitric oxide synthases, and adversely affect the balance of oxygen and nitrogen metabolism. Relationships between NO concentrations and TAC in the studied women’s blood can confirm the antioxidant nature of nitric oxide.
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10
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Kozieł S, Żądzińska E, Gomula A. Parental smoking during pregnancy and head shape and size in school children. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:401-405. [PMID: 30328722 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1511829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy has been recognised as a detrimental factor associated with adverse perinatal outcomes; however, to date there is a dearth of information on how it affects post-natal head growth and shape. AIM To assess the relationship between parental smoking exposure during pregnancy and head dimensions and shape at age 7-10 years in boys and girls. METHODS Body height and head length, breadth and circumference were measured. Birth weight and gestational age were obtained from the children's medical record books. Parental smoking habits during pregnancy and maternal educational attainment were obtained by a questionnaire. The relationship between exposure to parental smoking during pregnancy and head dimensions was evaluated using analysis of covariance implemented in the Generalized Linear Model, separately for each sex. RESULTS Maternal and parental smoking during pregnancy significantly altered head shape in boys by affecting head length, while neither head breadth nor circumference were affected. This phenomenon was not observed in girls. CONCLUSION Smoking-induced chronic hypoxic effects on the growing foetus, indicated that both active and passive smoking during pregnancy seems to have persistent negative effects on children, going beyond foetal development and pre-natal growth restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Kozieł
- a Department of Anthropology , Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Gomula
- a Department of Anthropology , Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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11
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Hedengran KK, Andersen MR, Szecsi PB, Lindh C, Uldbjerg N, Stender S. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy has limited effect on infant birthweight and umbilical vein endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2018; 97:1309-1316. [PMID: 29969842 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women who smoke, deliver significantly smaller infants. These infants have reduced levels of the vasodilator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) levels in the umbilical vessels, which may reduce fetal growth. Serum cotinine, the degradation product of nicotine, can be used to determine the level of tobacco exposure. Newborns of environmental smokers are suggested to be smaller and shorter in weight, length, and head circumference. eNOS levels have not yet been studied in these infants. We investigated the existence of a relation between maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure, eNOS activity, concentration, and birthweight. MATERIAL AND METHODS We included 263 healthy singleton pregnancies categorized into three groups according to measured cotinine levels: 175 nonsmokers, 38 smokers, and 50 environmental smokers. Cotinine was quantified by mass spectrometry with a detection limit of .2 ng/mL; eNOS activity and concentration were measured in endothelial cells (ECs) of the umbilical vein. RESULTS Infants born to environmental smokers had similar weights to infants born to nonsmokers (47 g heavier, P = .48). Cotinine concentrations were .06/.09/.12 ng/mL (quartiles) in infants born to nonsmokers, .27/.37/.81 ng/mL in infants born to women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke, and 43.0/63.8/108.1 ng/mL in infants born to smokers. The eNOS concentration was 1.65 ± .92 ng/106 ECs (mean ± SD) in nonsmokers and 1.71 ± 1.00 ng/106 ECs in environmental smokers. The eNOS activity was 52.0 ± 20.6 pmol l-citrulline/min/106 ECs in nonsmokers and 48.7 ± 19.8 pmol l-citrulline/min/106 ECs in environmental smokers. CONCLUSIONS Infants born to environmental smokers, as judged by umbilical serum cotinine levels close to .2 ng/mL, are not associated with lower birthweight or reduced eNOS activity, or concentration in the fetal vascular bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine K Hedengran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Malene R Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Pal B Szecsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Holbaek, Holbaek, Denmark.,Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Niels Uldbjerg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Steen Stender
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
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12
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Yusuf K, Alshaikh B, da Silva O, Lodha AK, Wilson RD, Alvaro RE, Lee SK, Shah PS. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants exposed to maternal hypertension and cigarette smoking. J Perinatol 2018; 38:1051-1059. [PMID: 29740191 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-018-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the outcomes of extremely preterm infants of hypertensive mothers who smoke. STUDY DESIGN This retrospective cohort study included infants born between 2003 and 2012 at <29 weeks' gestation and admitted to neonatal intensive care units participating in the Canadian Neonatal Network. Infants were divided into four mutually exclusive groups. Infants of hypertensive mothers who smoked; infants of hypertensive, non-smoking mothers; infants of normotensive mothers who smoked; and infants of normotensive, non-smoking mothers. Using infants of normotensive, non-smoking mothers as the reference group, neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 12,307 eligible infants, 172 had hypertensive mothers who smoked, 1689 had hypertensive non-smoking mothers, 1535 had normotensive mothers who smoked, and 8911 had normotensive non-smoking mothers. Compared to infants of normotensive non-smoking mothers, infants of hypertensive mothers, regardless of smoking status, had higher odds of developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (AORs of smokers 1.62; 95% CI 1.12-2.35 and of non-smokers 1.43; 95% CI 1.24-1.64). There was no difference in the odds of mortality and retinopathy of prematurity stage ≥3 between the groups. Infants of hypertensive, non-smoking mothers had decreased odds of intraventricular hemorrhage >grade 2 and higher odds of necrotizing enterocolitis. There was decreased odds of hypertension if the mother was a smoker (AOR 0.71; 95% CI 0.59-0.85). CONCLUSION Maternal hypertension is associated with increased rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, irrespective of smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Yusuf
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Belal Alshaikh
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Orlando da Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Abhay K Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert D Wilson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ruben E Alvaro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shoo K Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Prakesh S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Forinash AB, Yancey A, Chamness D, Koerner J, Inteso C, Miller C, Gross G, Mathews K. Smoking Cessation Following Text Message Intervention in Pregnant Women. Ann Pharmacother 2018; 52:1109-1116. [PMID: 29857773 DOI: 10.1177/1060028018780448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking during pregnancy has detrimental effects on mother and fetus. Text messaging has been utilized to improve patient care. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of text messaging on smoking cessation rates among pregnant women in addition to standard of care (SOC) smoking cessation services. Our SOC includes pharmacist-driven education with or without nicotine patch or bupropion. METHODS This randomized, open-label, prospective trial was conducted at a maternal fetal care center from May 2014 to January 2016. Pregnant patients in the preparation stage of change were randomized to text messaging or SOC. The primary outcome was smoking cessation verified with exhaled carbon monoxide levels (eCO) 2 weeks from quit date. All received clinical pharmacist weekly calls for 3 weeks and biweekly visits until pharmacotherapy completion. The text messaging group also received predetermined motivational messages. RESULTS Of 49 randomized patients, 13 withdrew, and 6 were lost to follow-up. The remaining included 14 texting and 16 SOC patients. eCO-verified cessation was achieved by 57.1% in the texting group versus 31.3% in the control ( P = 0.153). Overall, 64.3% of the texting group achieved an eCO below 8 ppm at ≥1 visit versus 37.5% in the control group ( P = 0.143). No difference was found in birth outcomes. The study was underpowered because of slow enrollment and high drop-out rates. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Text messaging had minimal impact on improving smoking cessation rates in the obstetric population. However, further research is warranted because of the underpowered nature of this trial. Given the detrimental effects of smoking in pregnancy, more comprehensive cessation strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamie Koerner
- 3 University of Missouri Kansas City School of Pharmacy, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Collin Miller
- 4 Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
| | - Gilad Gross
- 4 Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO, USA
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14
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Effect of Smoking Behavior before and during Pregnancy on Selected Birth Outcomes among Singleton Full-Term Pregnancy: A Murmansk County Birth Registry Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080867. [PMID: 28767086 PMCID: PMC5580571 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess associations between smoking behavior before and during pregnancy and selected adverse birth outcomes. This study is based on the Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR). Our study includes women who delivered a singleton pregnancy after 37 weeks of gestation (N = 44,486). Smoking information was self-reported and assessed at the first antenatal visit during pregnancy. We adjusted for potential confounders using logistic regression. The highest proportion of infants with low values of birth weight, birth length, head circumference, ponderal index and of the Apgar score at 5 min was observed for women who smoked both before and during pregnancy. We observed a dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked per day during pregnancy and the odds of the aforementioned adverse birth outcomes; neither were there significant differences in their occurrences among non-smokers and those who smoked before but not during pregnancy. Moreover, smoking reduction during pregnancy relative to its pre-gestation level did not influence the odds of the adverse birth outcomes. Our findings emphasize a continued need for action against tobacco smoking during pregnancy.
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15
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Zhu T, Mu D. Response to the letter regarding the article: Association Between Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Conditions and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A Meta-analysis. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:686-687. [PMID: 28359177 DOI: 10.1177/0883073817700494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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16
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Ding G, Yu J, Chen Y, Vinturache A, Pang Y, Zhang J. Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy and Necrotizing Enterocolitis-associated Infant Mortality in Preterm Babies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45784. [PMID: 28361963 PMCID: PMC5374458 DOI: 10.1038/srep45784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the possible pregnancy-related risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated deaths during infancy. Infant death due to NEC in preterm babies was identified from the US Linked Livebirth and Infant Death records between 2000 and 2004. The average number of cigarettes per day reported by the mothers who were smoking during pregnancy was classified in three categories: non-smoking, light smoking (<10 cigarettes/day) and heavy smoking (≥10 cigarettes/day). Logistic regression analyses examined the association between prenatal smoking and NEC-associated infant mortality rates with adjustment for potential confounders. Compared with non-smoking mothers, light and heavy smoking mothers have a higher risk of NEC-associated infant mortality [light smoking: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.43; heavy smoking: aOR = 1.30, 95% CI, 1.12-1.52], respectively. Moreover, the association was stronger among white race (light smoking: aOR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.34-2.13; heavy smoking: aOR = 1.44, 95% CI, 1.18-1.75) and female babies (light smoking: aOR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.02-1.69; heavy smoking: aOR = 1.62, 95% CI, 1.29-2.02). Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of infant mortality due to NEC in preterm babies, especially in white race and female babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ding
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Chen
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Angela Vinturache
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospital Trust, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yu Pang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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17
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Wolsk HM, Andersen MR, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K. No evidence of intrauterine sensitization against inhalant allergens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 140:286-288.e3. [PMID: 28040416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Mygind Wolsk
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malene Rohr Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Stalzer A, Seybold D, Hossino D, Broce M, Calhoun B. Doppler screening and predictors of adverse outcomes in high risk pregnancies affected by tobacco. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 67:10-14. [PMID: 27836536 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between Doppler measurements and adverse outcomes in an obstetric population with high tobacco use. METHODS This retrospective study included patients with Doppler data (umbilical systolic/diastolic velocity ratios (S/D), uterine S/D, uterine left/right ratio index (RI)). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis determined cut-off elevated Doppler indices. Stepwise logistic regression was used to predict adverse outcomes. RESULTS 338 of 745 patients (45.4%) had adverse outcomes. Doppler artery indices identified significant associations with IUGR, preeclampsia, low birth weight, pre-term birth and composite adverse outcome variable. An elevated Umbilical S/D was 2.1 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.5-2.9; p<0.001) times was more likely to have an adverse outcome. For left uterine artery S/D and nulliparity, the odds ratios were 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3-2.5) and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.0-1.9), respectively. CONCLUSION Umbilical and uterine left S/D indices and nulliparity are significant independent predictors of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Stalzer
- Departmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University - Charleston Division, Charleston Area Medical Center, 800 Pennsylvania Ave, Charleston, WV 25302, United States
| | - Dara Seybold
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, 3211 McCorkle Ave, SE, Charleston, WV 25304, United States
| | - Deena Hossino
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, 3211 McCorkle Ave, SE, Charleston, WV 25304, United States
| | - Mike Broce
- Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Charleston Area Medical Center Health Education and Research Institute, 3211 McCorkle Ave, SE, Charleston, WV 25304, United States
| | - Byron Calhoun
- Departmen of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University - Charleston Division, Charleston Area Medical Center, 800 Pennsylvania Ave, Charleston, WV 25302, United States.
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19
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Hayes C, Kearney M, O'Carroll H, Zgaga L, Geary M, Kelleher C. Patterns of Smoking Behaviour in Low-Income Pregnant Women: A Cohort Study of Differential Effects on Infant Birth Weight. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:E1060. [PMID: 27801861 PMCID: PMC5129270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking accounts for 20%-30% of low birth weight (BW). Second-Hand Smoke (SHS) also negatively affects BW. This cohort study explored the differential effect of smoking patterns during pregnancy on infant BW. Smoking status for 652 self-reported smokers attending public ante-natal clinics was assessed at baseline (V1 first ante-natal visit), 28-32 weeks (V2) and one week after birth (V3). Multivariable generalised linear regression models tested smoking patterns (continuing to smoke, sustained quitting, partial quitting) on BW adjusting for household smoking and other co-variates. Total quitting showed a median increase of 288 g in BW (95% CI (confidence intervals): 153.1-423 g, p < 0.001), compared to partial quitting (147 g, (95% CI: 50-244 g), p < 0.003). In partial quitters, increased BW was observed only in females 218 g, (95% CI: 81-355 g), p = 0.002). Household SHS showed a specific negative influence on pre-term but not term BW. This study suggests that, for low-income women, quitting or partial quitting during pregnancy both have a positive influence on infant BW. Whether others in the household smoke is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hayes
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Morgan Kearney
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Helen O'Carroll
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Lina Zgaga
- Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Michael Geary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Rotunda Hospital, Dublin 1, Ireland.
| | - Cecily Kelleher
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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20
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Chełchowska M, Ambroszkiewicz J, Gajewska J, Jabłońska-Głąb E, Maciejewski TM, Ołtarzewski M. Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism in Pregnancy: Correlation with Smoking and Birth Weight and Length. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 173:14-20. [PMID: 26785641 PMCID: PMC4975765 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To estimate the effect of tobacco smoking on iron homeostasis and the possible association between hepcidin and the neonatal birth weight and length, concentrations of serum hepcidin and selected iron markers were measured in 81 healthy pregnant women (41 smokers and 40 nonsmokers). The smoking mothers had significantly lower concentrations of serum hepcidin (p < 0.001), iron (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (p < 0.05), but higher erythropoietin (p < 0.05) levels compared with non-smoking pregnant women. Logistic regression analysis showed the highest negative impact of the number of cigarettes smoked per day (β = -0.46; p < 0.01) and positive impact of ferritin level (β = 0.47; p < 0.001) on serum hepcidin concentration. The birth weight and the body length of smoking mothers' infants were significantly lower than in tobacco abstinent group (p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, birth body weight (β = 0.56; p < 0.001) and length (β = 0.50; p < 0.001) were significantly related to maternal hepcidin values. Tobacco smoking affected hepcidin level in serum of pregnant women in a dose-dependent manner. Low concentrations of iron and hemoglobin in maternal serum coexisting with high level of erythropoietin suggest that smoking could lead to subclinical iron deficiency and chronic hypoxia not only in mothers but also in fetus. Low serum hepcidin concentration in smoking pregnant women might be associated with lower fetal birth weight and length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chełchowska
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Jabłońska-Głąb
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Maciejewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Ołtarzewski
- Screening Department, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211, Warsaw, Poland
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21
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Chen LY, Ho C. Incense Burning during Pregnancy and Birth Weight and Head Circumference among Term Births: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:1487-92. [PMID: 26967367 PMCID: PMC5010412 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1509922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incense burning for rituals or religious purposes is an important tradition in many countries. However, incense smoke contains particulate matter and gas products such as carbon monoxide, sulfur, and nitrogen dioxide, which are potentially harmful to health. OBJECTIVES We analyzed the relationship between prenatal incense burning and birth weight and head circumference at birth using the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. We also analyzed whether the associations varied by sex and along the distribution of birth outcomes. METHODS We performed ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regressions analysis on a sample of 15,773 term births (> 37 gestational weeks; 8,216 boys and 7,557 girls) in Taiwan in 2005. The associations were estimated separately for boys and girls as well as for the population as a whole. We controlled extensively for factors that may be correlated with incense burning and birth weight and head circumference, such as parental religion, demographics, and health characteristics, as well as pregnancy-related variables. RESULTS Findings from fully adjusted OLS regressions indicated that exposure to incense was associated with lower birth weight in boys (-18 g; 95% CI: -36, -0.94) but not girls (1 g; 95% CI: -17, 19; interaction p-value = 0.31). Associations with head circumference were negative for boys (-0.95 mm; 95% CI: -1.8, -0.16) and girls (-0.71 mm; 95% CI: -1.5, 0.11; interaction p-values = 0.73). Quantile regression results suggested that the negative associations were larger among the lower quantiles of birth outcomes. CONCLUSIONS OLS regressions showed that prenatal incense burning was associated with lower birth weight for boys and smaller head circumference for boys and girls. The associations were more pronounced among the lower quantiles of birth outcomes. Further research is necessary to confirm whether incense burning has differential effects by sex. CITATION Chen LY, Ho C. 2016. Incense burning during pregnancy and birth weight and head circumference among term births: The Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1487-1492; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yu Chen
- Institute of Economics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christine Ho
- School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore
- Address correspondence to C. Ho, School of Economics, Singapore Management University, 90 Stamford Rd., Singapore 178903. Telephone: 65-68087153. E-mail:
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22
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Usemann J, Fuchs O, Anagnostopoulou P, Korten I, Gorlanova O, Röösli M, Latzin P, Frey U. Predictive value of exhaled nitric oxide in healthy infants for asthma at school age. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:925-8. [PMID: 27390276 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00439-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Fuchs
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Pinelopi Anagnostopoulou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Insa Korten
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olga Gorlanova
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Latzin
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of childhood brain tumors: Results from a Swedish cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 40:67-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tift MS, Ponganis PJ, Crocker DE. Elevated carboxyhemoglobin in a marine mammal, the northern elephant seal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 217:1752-7. [PMID: 24829326 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low concentrations of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO), generated primarily through degradation of heme from heme-proteins, have been shown to maintain physiological function of organs and to exert cytoprotective effects. However, high concentrations of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), formed by CO binding to hemoglobin, potentially prevent adequate O2 delivery to tissues by lowering arterial O2 content. Elevated heme-protein concentrations, as found in marine mammals, are likely associated with greater heme degradation, more endogenous CO production and, consequently, elevated COHb concentrations. Therefore, we measured COHb in elephant seals, a species with large blood volumes and elevated hemoglobin and myoglobin concentrations. The levels of COHb were positively related to the total hemoglobin concentration. The maximum COHb value was 10.4% of total hemoglobin concentration. The mean (± s.e.m.) value in adult seals was 8.7 ± 0.3% (N=6), while juveniles and pups (with lower heme-protein contents) had lower mean COHb values of 7.6 ± 0.2% and 7.1 ± 0.3%, respectively (N=9 and N=9, respectively). Serial samples over several hours revealed little to no fluctuation in COHb values. This consistent elevation in COHb suggests that the magnitude and/or rate of heme-protein turnover is much higher than in terrestrial mammals. The maximum COHb values from this study decrease total body O2 stores by 7%, thereby reducing the calculated aerobic dive limit for this species. However, the constant presence of elevated CO in blood may also protect against potential ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with the extreme breath-holds of elephant seals. We suggest the elephant seal represents an ideal model for understanding the potential cytoprotective effects, mechanisms of action and evolutionary adaptation associated with chronically elevated concentrations of endogenously produced CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Tift
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Paul J Ponganis
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0204, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
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25
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Risk of childhood overweight after exposure to tobacco smoking in prenatal and early postnatal life. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109184. [PMID: 25310824 PMCID: PMC4195647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between exposure to mothers smoking during prenatal and early postnatal life and risk of overweight at age 7 years, while taking birth weight into account. METHODS From the Danish National Birth Cohort a total of 32,747 families were identified with available information on maternal smoking status in child's pre- and postnatal life and child's birth weight, and weight and height at age 7 years. Outcome was overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force gender and age specific body mass index. Smoking exposure was categorized into four groups: no exposure (n = 25,076); exposure only during pregnancy (n = 3,343); exposure only postnatally (n = 140); and exposure during pregnancy and postnatally (n = 4,188). Risk of overweight according to smoking status as well as dose-response relationships were estimated by crude and adjusted odds ratios using logistic regression models. RESULTS Exposure to smoking only during pregnancy, or both during pregnancy and postnatally were both significantly associated with overweight at 7 years of age (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.15-1.48, and OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.58-1.97, respectively). Analyses excluding children with low birth weight (<2,500 gram) revealed similar results. A significant prenatal dose-response relationship was found. Per one additional cigarette smoked per day an increase in risk of overweight was observed (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03). When adjusting for quantity of smoking during pregnancy, prolonged exposure after birth further increased the risk of later overweight in the children (OR 1.28, 95% CI:1.09-1.50) compared with exposure only in the prenatal period. CONCLUSIONS Mother's perinatal smoking increased child's OR of overweight at age 7 years irrespective of birth weight, and with higher OR if exposed both during pregnancy and in early postnatal life. Clear dose-response relationships were observed, which emphasizes the need for prevention of any tobacco exposure of infants.
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26
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Casanello P, Schneider D, Herrera EA, Uauy R, Krause BJ. Endothelial heterogeneity in the umbilico-placental unit: DNA methylation as an innuendo of epigenetic diversity. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:49. [PMID: 24723887 PMCID: PMC3973902 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium is a multifunctional heterogeneous tissue playing a key role in the physiology of every organ. To accomplish this role the endothelium presents a phenotypic diversity that is early prompted during vascular development, allowing it to cope with specific requirements in a time- and site-specific manner. During the last decade several reports show that endothelial diversity is also present in the umbilico-placental vasculature, with differences between macro- and microvascular vessels as well as arterial and venous endothelium. This diversity is evidenced in vitro as a higher angiogenic capacity in the microcirculation; or disparity in the levels of several molecules that control endothelial function (i.e., receptor for growth factors, vasoactive mediators, and adhesion molecules) which frequently are differentially expressed between arterial and venous endothelium. Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial diversity would be prominently driven by epigenetic mechanisms which also control the basal expression of endothelial-specific genes. This review outlines evidence for endothelial diversity since early stages of vascular development and how this heterogeneity is expressed in the umbilico-placental vasculature. Furthermore a brief picture of epigenetic mechanisms and their role on endothelial physiology emphasizing new data on umbilical and placental endothelial cells is presented. Unraveling the role of epigenetic mechanisms on long term endothelial physiology and its functional diversity would contribute to develop more accurate therapeutic interventions. Altogether these data show that micro- versus macro-vascular, or artery versus vein comparisons are an oversimplification of the complexity occurring in the endothelium at different levels, and the necessity for the future research to establish the precise source of cells which are under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Casanello
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Schneider
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Programa de Fisiopatologïa, Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Yusuf K, Wilson RD, Kamaluddeen M, Franta J, Hasan SU, Akierman A. Methemoglobin levels in umbilical cord blood of women with intrauterine growth restriction and preeclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 27:789-94. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.838949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Leiva A, de Medina CD, Salsoso R, Sáez T, San Martín S, Abarzúa F, Farías M, Guzmán-Gutiérrez E, Pardo F, Sobrevia L. Maternal Hypercholesterolemia in Pregnancy Associates With Umbilical Vein Endothelial Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2444-53. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Human pregnancy that courses with maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) correlates with atherosclerotic lesions in fetal arteries. It is known that hypercholesterolemia associates with endothelial dysfunction in adults, a phenomenon where nitric oxide (NO) and arginase are involved. However, nothing is reported on potential alterations in the fetoplacental endothelial function in MSPH. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSPH alters fetal vascular reactivity via endothelial arginase/urea and
l
-arginine transport/NO signaling pathways.
Approach and Results—
Total cholesterol <280 mg/dL was considered as maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia (n=46 women) and ≥280 mg/dL as MSPH (n=28 women). Maternal but not fetal total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were elevated in MSPH. Umbilical veins were used for vascular reactivity assays (wire myography), and primary cultures of umbilical vein endothelial cells to determine arginase, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and human cationic amino acid transporter 1 and human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B expression and activity. MSPH reduced calcitonine gene–related peptide-umbilical vein relaxation and increased intima/media ratio (histochemistry), as well as reduced eNOS activity (
l
-citrulline synthesis from
l
-arginine, eNOS phosphorylation/dephosphorylation), but increased arginase activity and arginase II protein abundance. Arginase inhibition increased eNOS activity and
l
-arginine transport capacity without altering human cationic amino acid transporter 1 or human cationic amino acid transporter 2A/B protein abundance in maternal physiological hypercholesterolemia and MSPH.
Conclusions—
MSPH is a pathophysiological condition altering umbilical vein reactivity because of fetal endothelial dysfunction associated with arginase and eNOS signaling imbalance. We speculate that elevated maternal circulating cholesterol is a factor leading to fetal endothelial dysfunction, which could have serious consequences to the growing fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leiva
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Camila Diez de Medina
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Rocío Salsoso
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Tamara Sáez
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Fernando Abarzúa
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Marcelo Farías
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Enrique Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Fabián Pardo
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- From the Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (A.L., C.D.d.M., R.S., T.S., F.A., M.F., E.G.-G., F.P., L.S.); Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile (S.S.M.); Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Clínica Alemana, Temuco, Chile (F.A.); and the University of Queensland
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Karaoglu A, Tunc T, Aydemir G, Onguru O, Uysal B, Kul M, Aydinoz S, Oztas E, Sarici U. Role of cyclooxygenase 2 and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase in preclinical atherosclerosis. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2012; 31:432-8. [PMID: 22443285 DOI: 10.3109/15513815.2012.659408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes may have a role in developing preclinical atherosclerosis. Designed groups were as follows: smoke exposed rats before and during pregnancy, only before pregnancy, and controls. Cross-sectional samples of abdominal aorta were examined immunohistochemically. Cyclooxygenase-2 and eNOS expression was evaluated semi-quantitatively through staining extent (focal, diffuse) and staining intensity. Diffuse COX-2 expression was detected in study groups. Endothelial NO synthase expression was diffuse in study groups. COX-2 and eNOS may contribute to the formation of preatherosclerotic lesions in offspring of rats exposed to cigarette smoke through inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbaki Karaoglu
- Department of Pediatrics, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Etlik, Turkey
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Liu Y, Lu X, Xiang FL, Poelmann RE, Gittenberger-de Groot AC, Robbins J, Feng Q. Nitric oxide synthase-3 deficiency results in hypoplastic coronary arteries and postnatal myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2012; 35:920-31. [PMID: 23048191 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Hypoplastic coronary artery disease is a rare congenital abnormality that is associated with sudden cardiac death. However, molecular mechanisms responsible for this disease are not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) in the pathogenesis of hypoplastic coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type (WT), NOS3(-/-), and a novel cardiac-specific NOS3 overexpression mouse model were employed. Deficiency in NOS3 resulted in coronary artery hypoplasia in foetal mice and spontaneous myocardial infarction in postnatal hearts. Coronary artery diameters, vessel density, and volume were significantly decreased in NOS3(-/-) mice at postnatal day 0. In addition, NOS3(-/-) mice showed a significant increase in the ventricular wall thickness, myocardial volume, and cardiomyocyte cell size compared with WT mice. Lack of NOS3 also down-regulated the expression of Gata4, Wilms tumour-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and erythropoietin, and inhibited migration of epicardial cells. These abnormalities and hypoplastic coronary arteries in the NOS3(-/-) mice were completely rescued by the cardiac-specific overexpression of NOS3. CONCLUSION Nitric oxide synthase-3 is required for coronary artery development and deficiency in NOS3 leads to hypoplastic coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5C1
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31
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Clinical and biochemical effects of environmental tobacco smoking on pregnancy outcome. Indian J Clin Biochem 2012; 28:368-73. [PMID: 24426239 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-012-0267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) are less studied especially on neonates. This study evaluates the clinical and biochemical effects in neonates exposed to ETS during pregnancy. Two hundred pregnant women asked to complete the questioners about their ETS. Ninety from them were enrolled in biochemical assays as two groups according to ETS. The cotinine level determined in saliva and serum of mothers to confirm their tobacco exposure. The routine tracheal suction from the fetus was used to determine the level of neuron specific enolase (NSE), soluble E-cadherin, sApo-1/Fas, nitric oxide (NO) and cotinine. In clinical assessment, the percent of full term babies in non-exposed group (72 %) are higher compared to exposed group (67 %). Apgar score at the first min, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and morbidity during the first month shows statistical significance increase in exposed compared to non-exposed group (p = 0.03, 0.05, 0.01, respectively). The new born weight in exposed group significantly decreased compared to non-exposed group (2,850 g ± 3.74 vs 2,967.67 g ± 3.34; p = 0.02). In biochemical assessment, NSE and sE-cadherin significantly increased, while NO significantly decreased (p = 0.000) in exposed compared to non-exposed group. There is a positive correlation between level of cotinine and both NSE, sE-cadherin (r = 0.7, 0.9; p = 0.000, 0.006, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first study link between prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE) and biochemical parameters measured in tracheal suction. PTE will lead to decrease in birth weight most probably by decreasing NO, sFas, and increasing sE-cadherin. While, increased morbidity of neonates in the exposed group could be attributed to cessation of breast feeding and its complication and increased NSE in the studied markers.
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Downard CD, Grant SN, Maki AC, Krupski MC, Matheson PJ, Bendon RW, Fallat ME, Garrison RN. Maternal cigarette smoking and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatrics 2012; 130:78-82. [PMID: 22689867 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal variables that affect fetal development and correlate with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), the most common gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants, are not well defined. We hypothesized that maternal risk factors were the primary determinant of future development of NEC. METHODS Patients with NEC were identified from an established NICU database and were control-matched with 2 neonates treated at the same institution. The medical records of each patient during the NICU admission as well as the prenatal and delivery record of the patient's mother were reviewed. Perinatal data, including maternal smoking, maternal hypertension, maternal BMI, maternal gestational diabetes, conduct of labor and type of delivery, Apgar scores, types of feedings, and placental pathology, were examined, with P < .05 deemed significant. RESULTS A total of 73 neonates diagnosed with NEC and 146 matched controls were identified. Medical records for each subject and their mothers were reviewed (438 records total). Maternal cigarette smoking was significantly associated with the future development of NEC (P = .02). Maternal gestational diabetes, maternal hypertension, formula feeding, and pathologic chorioamnionitis or uteroplacental insufficiency did not correlate with NEC. CONCLUSIONS These data identified maternal cigarette smoking as the only risk factor that is associated with the development of NEC in premature infants. Our data imply that smoking delivers toxins and nicotine to the uterine microenvironment that can affect microvascular development and may predispose the fetus to future NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D Downard
- MMSc, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA.
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NOing the heart: role of nitric oxide synthase-3 in heart development. Differentiation 2012; 84:54-61. [PMID: 22579300 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect in humans. Identifying factors that are critical to embryonic heart development could further our understanding of the disease and lead to new strategies of its prevention and treatment. Nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3) or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is known for many important biological functions including vasodilation, vascular homeostasis and angiogenesis. Over the past decade, studies from our lab and others have shown that NOS3 is required during heart development. More specifically, deficiency in NOS3 results in congenital septal defects, cardiac hypertrophy and postnatal heart failure. In addition, NOS3 is pivotal to the morphogenesis of major coronary arteries and myocardial capillary development. Interestingly, these effects of NOS3 are mediated through induction of transcription and growth factors that are crucial in the formation of coronary arteries. Finally, deficiency in NOS3 results in high incidences of bicuspid aortic valves, a disease in humans that often leads to complications with age including aortic valve stenosis or regurgitation, endocarditis, aortic aneurysm formation, and aortic dissection. In summary, these data suggest NOS3 plays a critical role in embryonic heart development and morphogenesis of coronary arteries and aortic valves.
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Gavin AR, Thompson E, Rue T, Guo Y. Maternal early life risk factors for offspring birth weight: findings from the add health study. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2012; 13:162-72. [PMID: 21986991 PMCID: PMC4273907 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-011-0253-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the pathways that link mothers' early life socio economic status (SES) and mothers' experience of childhood maltreatment with birth weight among their later born offspring. Data were drawn from a nationally representative longitudinal survey of school-aged respondents, initially enrolled during adolescence in Wave I (1994-1995) and Wave II (1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health and followed-up in adulthood in Wave III (2001-2002). Data on offspring birth weight were obtained from nulliparous females (N = 1,897) who had given birth between Waves II and III. Analyses used structural equation modeling to examine the extent to which early life maternal risk predicted offspring birth weight, and demonstrated that maternal childhood SES and maternal childhood maltreatment predicted offspring birth weight through several mediated pathways. First, maternal adolescent substance use and prenatal cigarette use partially mediated the association between maternal childhood SES and offspring birth weight. Second, maternal adolescent depressive symptoms and adult SES partially mediated the association between maternal childhood SES and offspring birth weight. Third, adult SES partially mediated the association between maternal childhood SES and offspring birth weight. Fourth, maternal adolescent substance use and prenatal cigarette use partially mediated the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring birth weight. Finally, maternal adolescent depressive symptoms and adult SES partially mediated the association between maternal childhood maltreatment and offspring birth weight. To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify maternal childhood maltreatment as an early life risk factor for offspring birth weight among a nationally representative sample of young women, and to demonstrate the mechanisms that link childhood SES and maltreatment to offspring birth weight. These findings suggest the importance of designing and implementing prevention and intervention strategies to address early life maternal social conditions in an effort to improve inter generational child health at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Gavin
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, 4101 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98105-6299, USA.
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Krause BJ, Prieto CP, Muñoz-Urrutia E, San Martín S, Sobrevia L, Casanello P. Role of arginase-2 and eNOS in the differential vascular reactivity and hypoxia-induced endothelial response in umbilical arteries and veins. Placenta 2012; 33:360-6. [PMID: 22391327 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The main vasodilator in the placenta is nitric oxide (NO), which is synthesized by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Arginase-2 competes with eNOS for l-arginine, and its activity has been related with vascular dysfunction. Recently, we showed that hypoxia induces arginase-2, and decreases eNOS activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). However there is evidence that vascular responses to hypoxia are not similar throughout the placental vascular tree. We studied whether arginase-2 plays a role controlling vascular tone in human umbilical vessels, and the changes in the expression of arginase-2 and eNOS proteins by hypoxia in endothelial cells from umbilical arteries (HUAEC) and veins (HUVEC). In isolated umbilical vessels the presence of eNOS and arginase-2 was determined in the endothelium, and the NO-dependent vasoactive responses in the presence and absence of S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine (BEC, arginase inhibitor) were studied. Additionally, HUAEC and HUVEC were exposed (0-24 h) to hypoxia (2% O2) or normoxia (5% O2), and protein levels of eNOS (total and phosphorylated at serine-1177) and arginase-2 were determined. In umbilical arteries and veins arginase-2 and eNOS were detected mainly at the endothelium. BEC induced a higher concentration-dependent relaxation in umbilical arteries than veins, and these responses were NOS-dependent. In HUAEC exposed to hypoxia there were no changes in eNOS and arginase-2 levels, however there was a significant increase of p-eNOS. In contrast, HUVEC showed an increase in arginase-2 and a reduction of p-eNOS in response to hypoxia. These results show that arginases have a vascular role in placental vessels counteracting the NOS-dependent relaxation, which is differentially regulated in placental artery and vein endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Krause
- Perinatology Research Laboratory and Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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Fabbri CE, Barbieri MA, Silva AM, Gutierrez MR, Bettiol H, Speciali JG, Rona RJ. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and primary headache in school-aged children: a cohort study. Cephalalgia 2012; 32:317-27. [PMID: 22290555 DOI: 10.1177/0333102411436261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether smoking by mothers during pregnancy is associated with headache in their offspring. METHODS Two prospective cohorts of 869 children aged 10-11 years from Ribeirão Preto (RP) and 805 children aged 7-9 years from São Luís (SL) were studied. Data on maternal smoking were collected at birth. Primary headache was defined as a reporting of ≥2 episodes of headache in the past 2 weeks, without any associated organic symptoms. RESULTS Prevalence of headache was 28.1% in RP and 13.1% in SL as reported by the mothers and 17.5% in RP and 29.4% in SL as reported by the children. Agreement between mothers' report and children's self-report of primary headache in the child was poor. After adjustment, children whose mothers smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy presented higher prevalence of primary headache than their counterparts in both cohorts, as reported by the mother and in RP as reported by the children. CONCLUSIONS Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with headache in 7- to 11-year-olds. With one exception, the consistency of the results, despite poor agreement between maternal and children reports of headache, indicates that maternal smoking during pregnancy may contribute to headaches in their children.
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Geerts CC, Bots ML, van der Ent CK, Grobbee DE, Uiterwaal CSPM. Parental smoking and vascular damage in their 5-year-old children. Pediatrics 2012; 129:45-54. [PMID: 22201150 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relation between smoke exposure in early life, the prenatal period in particular, and the vascular development of young children is largely unknown. METHODS Data from the birth cohort participating in the WHISTLER-Cardio study were used to relate the smoking of parents during pregnancy to subsequent vascular properties in their children. In 259 participating children who turned 5 years of age, parental smoking data were updated and children's carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) and arterial wall distensibility were measured by using ultrasonography. RESULTS Children of mothers who had smoked throughout pregnancy had 18.8 μm thicker CIMT (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 36.5, P = .04) and 15% lower distensibility (95% CI -0.3, -0.02, P = .02) after adjustment for child's age, maternal age, gender, and breastfeeding. The associations were not found in children of mothers who had not smoked in pregnancy but had smoked thereafter. The associations were strongest if both parents had smoked during pregnancy, with 27.7 μm thicker CIMT (95% CI 0.2, 55.3) and 21% lower distensibility (95% CI -0.4, -0.03). CONCLUSION Exposure of children to parental tobacco smoke during pregnancy affects their arterial structure and function in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C Geerts
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Simonsen U, Aalkjaer C. Small artery structure and function: a dual interaction with many players. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:2-4. [PMID: 22151731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00837.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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El-Mas MM, El-Gowilly SM, Fouda MA, Saad EI. Role of adenosine A2A receptor signaling in the nicotine-evoked attenuation of reflex cardiac sympathetic control. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 254:229-37. [PMID: 21550361 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Baroreflex dysfunction contributes to increased cardiovascular risk in cigarette smokers. Given the importance of adenosinergic pathways in baroreflex control, the hypothesis was tested that defective central adenosinergic modulation of cardiac autonomic activity mediates the nicotine-baroreflex interaction. Baroreflex curves relating changes in heart rate (HR) to increases or decreases in blood pressure (BP) evoked by i.v. doses (1-16μg/kg) of phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively, were constructed in conscious rats; slopes of the curves were taken as measures of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Nicotine (25 and 100μg/kg i.v.) dose-dependently reduced BRS(SNP) in contrast to no effect on BRS(PE). BRS(SNP) was also attenuated after intracisternal (i.c.) administration of nicotine. Similar reductions in BRS(SNP) were observed in rats pretreated with atropine or propranolol. The combined treatment with nicotine and atropine produced additive inhibitory effects on BRS, an effect that was not demonstrated upon concurrent exposure to nicotine and propranolol. BRS(SNP) was reduced in preparations treated with i.c. 8-phenyltheophylline (8-PT, nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist), 8-(3-Chlorostyryl) caffeine (CSC, A(2A) antagonist), or VUF5574 (A(3) antagonist). In contrast, BRS(SNP) was preserved after blockade of A(1) (DPCPX) or A(2B) (alloxazine) receptors or inhibition of adenosine uptake by dipyridamole. CSC or 8-PT abrogated the BRS(SNP) depressant effect of nicotine whereas other adenosinergic antagonists were without effect. Together, nicotine preferentially impairs reflex tachycardia via disruption of adenosine A(2A) receptor-mediated facilitation of reflex cardiac sympathoexcitation. Clinically, the attenuation by nicotine of compensatory sympathoexcitation may be detrimental in conditions such as hypothalamic defense response, posture changes, and ventricular rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M El-Mas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Andersen MR, Uldbjerg N, Stender S, Sandager P, Aalkjær C. Maternal smoking and impaired endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated relaxation of uterine small arteries in vitro. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:177.e1-7. [PMID: 20974462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the endothelium-dependent relaxation of uterine small arteries from pregnant nonsmokers, smokers, and ex-smokers who stopped smoking early in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Uterine arteries were dissected from myometrial biopsies obtained during elective cesarean sections of 34 uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies, and the vascular function was assessed in a wire myograph for isometric recordings. Serum cotinine verified self-reported smoking; 15 were nonsmokers, 10 were smokers, and 9 were ex-smokers. RESULTS Arteries from smokers and ex-smokers had reduced bradykinin-induced relaxation compared to arteries from nonsmokers (P < .05). The relaxation response to the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside was similar in arteries from nonsmokers and smokers but was better in arteries from ex-smokers (P < .05). CONCLUSION The findings suggest that maternal smoking reduces endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in uterine small arteries and that smoking cessation early in pregnancy does not fully abolish this deleterious effect, despite improvement in relaxation to nitroprusside.
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Toda N, Toda H. Nitric oxide-mediated blood flow regulation as affected by smoking and nicotine. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 649:1-13. [PMID: 20868673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 08/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, cerebral and coronary vascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Chronic smoking impairs endothelial function by decreasing the formation of nitric oxide and increasing the degradation of nitric oxide via generation of oxygen free radicals. Nitric oxide liberated from efferent nitrergic nerves is also involved in vasodilatation, increased regional blood flow, and hypotension that are impaired through nitric oxide sequestering by smoking-induced factors. Influence of smoking on nitric oxide-induced blood flow regulation is not necessarily the same in all organs and tissues. However, human studies are limited mainly to the forearm blood flow measurement that assesses endothelial function under basal and stimulated conditions and also determination of penile tumescence and erection in response to endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide. Therefore, information about blood flow regulation in other organs, such as the brain and placenta, has been provided mainly from studies on experimental animals. Nicotine, a major constituent of cigarette smoke, acutely dilates cerebral arteries and arterioles through nitric oxide liberated from nitrergic neurons, but chronically interferes with endothelial function in various vasculatures, both being noted in studies on experimental animals. Cigarette smoke constituents other than nicotine also have some vascular actions. Not only active but also passive smoking is undoubtedly harmful for both the smokers themselves and their neighbors, who should bear in mind that they can face serious diseases in the future, which may result in lengthy hospitalization, and a shortened lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Toda
- Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Research, 7-13, 1-Chome, Azuchi-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan.
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Radmacher PG, Looney SW, Myers SR. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Maternal and Cord Blood Plasma. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10406631003800639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Taylor L, Kelly B, Leeson P. Maternal smoking and infant cardiovascular physiology: a mechanism of early cardiovascular disease development? Hypertension 2010; 55:614-6. [PMID: 20100994 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.146944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kho EM, North RA, Chan E, Stone PR, Dekker GA, McCowan LME. Changes in Doppler flow velocity waveforms and fetal size at 20 weeks gestation among cigarette smokers. BJOG 2009; 116:1300-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02266.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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